The language of any nation is its historical memory, embodied in the word.

Mother tongue is the soul of a nation. In language and through language, national psychology, the nature of the people, the way of thinking, the originality of artistic creativity, the moral state and spirituality, and the general culture of the people are revealed.

AT last years we, unfortunately, wean ourselves from the beauty of the word, from the culture of the language. In modern Russian, there is an intensive convergence of traditional written and oral means with everyday colloquial speech, vernacular, professional and social dialects. Oral and written speech is stylistically reduced and coarsened. The Russian language needs protection and respect. That is why the words of I.A. Bunin, taken as an epigraph to the topic of the project, are so relevant today. That is why we turned to the problem of the purity of the Russian language at the present stage of development of our society.

The word "jargon" was used in French from the middle of the 12th century in the meaning of "chirping", then it began to mean "incomprehensible language", and even later it had the meaning of "spoiled language".

Jargon came to Russian speech with the meaning "incomprehensible language". There were a lot of jargons in the Russian language. There was, for example, from the 16th century the jargon of the ofenes - small itinerant merchants. The Ofenian language used Russian grammar, distorting the forms and words of the literary Russian language, rewriting words according to some models.

For example: kuloto - "gold". Kustra - "sister".

For the first time, the conditional language of the Ofenei was recorded in the Comparative Dictionary of Languages and Adverbs by P.S. Pallas at the end of the 18th century.

The word "jargon" has another meaning: rough and vulgar speech. This is argo. Unlike professional and corporate jargons, slang is the property of closed groups. Argo is typical primarily for the social lower classes of society and the underworld.

Due to their expressive and stylistic coloring, professional and corporate jargons turn into colloquial everyday speech that is not bound by strict rules. literary norms. For example: salaga, chief, toss and others. From thieves' jargon: drip, haza, rope.

Jargons penetrated not only into colloquial speech, but also into the pages of Russian literature. A great connoisseur of jargon among the writers of the 19th century was N.V. Gogol. He perfectly knew bureaucratic, social-professional and other jargons and masterfully used them in his works. Here is an example from the poem "Dead Souls": "... there will be bulkheads, scolding, stirring up ...". Petrovich's language in "The Overcoat" is filled with expressions typical of the tailor's profession: "... it's ... rotten", "put a marten on the collar", "put on a hood" and others.

Like other varieties spoken language, jargon used in fiction for a brighter image of the described environment, for the linguistic characteristics of the hero, as a means of creating an image.

N. Pomyalovsky in "Essays of the Bursa" used the slang vocabulary of the Bursaks in order to more vividly show the life of students in such closed educational institutions like a bursa. "Right here Nonsense was playing on the white cassocks." “Omega stuck out his lappet (face).

V.V. Krestovsky in the novel "Petersburg Slums" with the help of jargon showed the rapid stratification of society into rich and poor, doomed to ignorance and poverty, vice and crime.

The history of the flowering of conditional languages began at an early stage in the development of industrial and commodity production and continues at the present time.

Linguists note the moments of weakening and strengthening of the use of jargon in speech. The history of our state is the clearest confirmation of this. Linguists have noted three waves of jargon in the 20th century:

Since the 90s (the period of perestroika and the beginning of capitalization), the fourth wave of jargonization of speech began.

The first wave of jargon penetration into the spoken Russian language was noted after the 1917 revolution. Some linguists elevated the language of the poor and homeless to the rank of "the language of the future". But at the same time, jargon was not perceived by society in the same way: some considered it a “proletarian language”, opposed to the language of the intelligentsia, others considered it a conductor and carrier of the thieves' ideology, threatening the purity and integrity of the Russian language.

The events of this troubled time, which dramatically changed the fate of many hundreds of thousands of people, are also reflected in literature.

V. A. Gilyarovsky was an excellent connoisseur of his era and Moscow of the 1920s. For many years he studied the slums of the city, the life of the inhabitants of the “Moscow bottom”, Khitrovka, and in his works he used slang and slang: “... we worked together, and slammed in half ...”, “... you, zatyrka, I’m on a screen, you’re a shoveler ".

The second wave of speech jargon refers to the mid-30s and post-war 40s. The influence of "thieves' music" on colloquial speech is associated with mass repressions, with the rampant banditry in the first post-war years.

In A.I. Solzhenitsyn’s story “One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich”, the undisguised truth about the camp world, about the people whom the system tried to turn into mechanical parts of a totalitarian machine, was first told. Elements of thieves, prison and camp slang are naturally woven into the linguistic fabric of the work: "... in the medical unit to bite ... guards keep score ...".

Linguists call the 60s - 70s the 3rd wave of speech jargon. During the hippie period, cultural values, norms of behavior, and social ideology were rejected. All this was manifested in the desire to create their own "counterculture".

During perestroika, there was a real "boom" in the use of jargon. This was due to the explosion of civil and linguistic freedoms. Swift social processes significantly changed the style of oral and written speech. Speech is coarsened.

These changes again affected literature. If in the works of writers of the 19th and the first half of the 20th century jargon was used quite justifiably, then the use of jargon in modern children's literature is difficult to explain. For example, in the book by Eduard Uspensky for the younger school age about Uncle Fedor, the following words were used: “became cloudy”, “put on the counter”.

We are witnessing the use of slang vocabulary not only in the press, but also on television, on the radio, on the stage. Reasonable alarm is caused by the argotic elements that have poured into the press and the lyrics, which are used to “revive the texts”. For example: “pump rights”, “powder brains”, “political parties”, “acid outfit”, “youngsters in the dead” and others.

Youth jargon - slang - is singled out as a special group. At the heart of this linguistic phenomenon is not a social reason, but the desire to make speech bright. The main thing in slang is a departure from the ordinary.

Good - cool, admire - stick around, trudge. Slang is harsh, loud, brash. It is the result of a desire to change the world in a different way.

The peculiarity of slang is fast updating. Now no one remembers the ratings “amazing”, “iron”, so widespread in the 60s and 70s. 20th century, but a new word appeared - "cool". This expansion of jargon distorted the Russian language. The language that young people now speak cannot be called colloquial, much less literary.

Exploring the problems of the influence of jargons on state of the art Russian language and general culture modern man, we conducted a sociological survey among middle and senior students, among adults with higher education.

Slang words

Collection of slang words from different eras

1960s

Dictionary:
Heel - take a walk
Broadway is the central street in any city. In St. Petersburg, this is Nevsky Prospekt, and in Moscow, Gorkov Street (Peshkov Street)
Shoes on porridge - boots with thick white soles made of synthetic rubber.
Boilers - watches
Sovparshiv - distorted "sovposhiv", that is, things of Soviet production
Mani, manyushki - money
Baruch - a girl with wide eyes
Laces in a glass - parents at home
Chucha - a song from "Sunny Valley Serenade", a cult film of Soviet dudes
Music on the bones - a way to record self-made records on x-rays
dabbling - having sex
Style - dance
Example: “They hounded along Broadway, there one sidekick promised me shoes on porridge and drove about the boilers from the State, but he threw a fraerok, brought some Riga one. No way to my hut: shoelaces in a glass. We went to her, listened to the bullshit on the bones, there was no mood to mess around, so we spread it, shrugged it off and passed out.

1970s

Dictionary:
Polis - police
Hair - long hair
Saw hair - cut. The police of those years often provided this service for free.
Hairatnik - a ribbon that supports the hair on the forehead
Face - face, appearance
Outfit - clothes
Strive - be afraid
Fakman - loser, unpleasant type
Gerla - girl
to ridicule - to ridicule, to ridicule
Skip - leave, run away
Drinchit to craze - get drunk to unconsciousness
Example: "When I sawed my hair policy baldly, I spent a long time for a civil one. Even my ancestors approved of my face, even if I started a soviet outfit, they would have caught glitches from the buzz. But such jokes were striving me, I felt like a fakman without a hairdresser. My girl then at first mocked me, then skipped at all.

1980s

Dictionary:
Break off - lose heart, lose interest, be left with nothing
Session - concert
Iron - a farce trader who buys currency and things from foreigners
Ask - to ask for money from passers-by on the street. Janis Abaskaitis - a popular character of such askany, a mythological Lithuanian who lost his ticket to Riga and wasted money for travel home
Birch - volunteer workers who helped policemen ruin the lives of normal people
Sister, sister - system girl
Lubera - aggressive and short-haired residents of Lyubertsy, who wore checkered pants sewn from curtains and considered it their duty to come to Moscow and beat everyone with long hair. In their free time from these pedagogical activities, they pumped muscles on home-made simulators
Washcloth - a girl of not impeccable virtues
Enter - release good people to spend the night
System - all informals in general
"Tourist" - a popular inexpensive coffee house near the Boulevard Ring, a meeting place for system specialists
Gogol - Gogol Boulevard
Stop - hitchhiking, travel on passing cars
M2 - federal highway Moscow-Simferopol
Example: “Yesterday they broke off at the session, there were a lot of washcloths inside. I had to take my sister on Gogol to let Janis Abaskaitis go. there was no one in the system, one familiar iron was just hanging out, signed in, loaned 20 bucks. And in the morning, stop on M2. "

1990s

Dictionary:
To protect - to provide patronage to a commercial structure for some bribe, which is not always given voluntarily
Bulls are rough, primitive people with limited views, often at odds with the penal code.
Let on red - kill with firearms (farts)
Suck bablos - get a kickback from someone else's business
Ale-male is an expression used as a greeting, to change the subject, or to give a pleasant liveliness of speech.
Jacks covered - a term meaning loss of orientation in space, inability to accurately assess risks and prioritize
Breeders - leaders, officials, criminal authorities and other significant persons
Cormorant - hooligan, behave indecently and, most importantly, stupid
Close the question - kill or do something else as drastic
Example: “There, at first, these bulls covered the stall, and everything was according to the concepts. Then some losers with farts came to them on the arrow, and both of them were allowed to go red. After that, the breeders sent some honest kid, so what? Ale "Little, it turned into a windstorm in a year, the Jacks were covered, the bablos began to suck in three throats. The cormorant, in a word, was tough. Even the garbage began to endure such a goblin chaos, they began to endure the issue with him"

JARGONISMS IN YOUTH SPEECH

Vocabulary experience

Dasha Yaduta's essay includes a small dictionary, apparently compiled by her with the help of her mother, Anna Sergeevna. We found it more convenient for readers to place this glossary separately, as an appendix to the abstract. Unfortunately, the authors do not indicate which of the words they heard in the speech of their acquaintances, and which ones they took from published sources. A number of words and expressions included in the dictionary are not, strictly speaking, youth, but belong to common speech ( chatter, market), thieves' jargon, general jargon. However, all these words are used in youth speech and are important for a correct understanding of its composition. We did not make any corrections in the interpretations - any information about irregular speech is valuable in its original form.

I. Nouns

a) Words that name people:

Koresh, bro- friend, friend
Dude- guy.
Kent- fashionable guy.
Mareha- girl.
Switchman The one who is blamed by others.
Shingles- Prostitute.
Bruise- an alcoholic.
Cheburashka- a man with big ears.
Narik- a drug addict.

b) Offensive names for a person:

Radish, goat, tusk, sheep, purse, deer, toad, stick, tambourine, pretzel, elk, pig, cormorant, woodpecker, slapstick.

From the same line:

Zashugan- a downtrodden person.
loch- A person who is easily deceived.
Miser- greedy.
Rotan- glutton.
snitch- informer.
trembling, trembling- talker, liar.
Brake- a person who does not understand well or a person with a slow reaction.
Storage room - informer.

c) Derogatory naming of juniors:

Salaga, shellfish, small fry.

d) Words that name parts of the body:

Flippers- legs.
Locators - ears.
Zenki- eyes.
Fall, hawk - mouth.

e) Nouns that are difficult to combine into any group:

funny- joke.
Ugar, bark- fun.
Rams- quarrel, conflict.
Arrow- fight.
chatter- chatter, lies.
Bazaar- conversation, chatter.
Bullshit- nonsense.
Gon- a lie.
Chased, whoops- nickname.
Khavchik- food.
Cant, cant- something that spoils the view; (in the jargon of drug addicts, another meaning).
Bummer- an unexpectedly bad result.
Chirik- ten rubles.
Wax - vodka.
Sam- moonshine.
Hooves- high platform shoes
Filki, grandmas, cabbage- money.
Shmon- search.
glitch- hallucination.
Otpad- something outstanding.
Decyl- a little, a little.
Cropal- even less.

II. Verbs and verb forms

The second largest group in school jargon is a group of verbs. It should be borne in mind that sometimes a verb word exists only in the form in which it is used by native speakers (jargon), and in its original form it has a completely different meaning. For example, the list includes the word form Not okay, the form of the infinitive will not reflect the exact meaning of this word in the jargon.

go crazy- have fun.
Wali - leave.
get stuck- get caught.
stuck- was in an awkward position.
Move, move- get out.
Get it- get bored.
drift- to coward.
Puff- steal.
mess up- spoil.
steam up- get very bored.
Throw- deceive, substitute.
get pissed off- goof off.
Not okay- won't fit.
We won't get caught- will not meet.
break off- to get an unsuccessful, unexpected result.
Oborzet- become impudent.
back off - leave me alone.
break away- to have fun, bypassing all conventions.
to go nuts- be surprised.
Ofonaret- become insolent; to be greatly surprised, to be shocked.
stomps(same as cockroach) is unwell.
Shave- the same as break off.
get blown up- jump.
Burn, burn- have fun, rejoice.
count up- imagine this.
pin up- to joke, to laugh.
wash away- go away.
Knock- deliver.
cockroach- cm. stomps.
Goggle- enjoy.
Sticking up- to be delighted.
Sharpen- eat, eat.
poke- chatting around.
Shut up- shut up.
hippie- to be fashionable.
Encrypt- to hide something.

III. Words close to adverb

Cool, cool, class, cool, awesome, nishtyak, fly away, cool, carbon monoxide - an expression of a high degree of quality, a high appreciation of something.
get hurt- there is nowhere better.
Strim, strenuous- poorly.
Glooms- it's hard, it's terrible.
Anyway- Definitely, sure.

IV. Adjectives

Dumb - bad, bad, ugly.
Cool, cool, cool- a high degree of quality of something.
drunk- drunk.
Spontaneous- bad.
mastyovy- humiliating, insulting about a person.
efficient- enterprising.

It can be assumed that the small number of the group of adjectives is explained by the fact that each word of jargon already carries expression, contains an assessment, therefore, slang carriers do not need additional "determinants".

V. The only use of the word,
in the form of a numeral:

Fourteen- a lot, an unlimited amount of something.

VI. Phraseologisms that exist in school slang:

Filter the market- follow the speech.
Cover your ears with wax- do not listen.
shut up the mouth(or fasten your hooves, concrete the fountain) - shut up.
Move the tomatoes(or rolls, crutches, pantyhose) - go faster.
Bot on the hair dryer- to speak in thieves' jargon.
Actually- in truth, indeed.
Am I bald? I am no worse than others.
Flag in hand, drum around the neck- approval of the action.
Don't chase the cartoon- don't cheat.
Blue trash killed in snot- very drunk.
Without a bazaar- is beyond doubt.
Put out the light- a complete nightmare.
Pret suit- luck.
Trample the clearing, we will fight- a call to fight.
Lyba crush- smirk.
(Everyone) has their own cockroaches in their head(everyone has their own opinion).

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Moscow State Academy Business Administration

TEST

Discipline:

A culture of speech

Topic:

Modern youth jargon

Work completed:

Nevmyanova Svetlana Dmitrievna

student of group 31МНв1

Scientific adviser:

Lebedeva Tatyana Alekseevna

Moscow 2013Introduction

Communication is one of the most important areas of life for young people. The formation of the future personality depends on how communication develops. When communicating, the speech of modern youth infuriates teachers, parents, and representatives of the older generation, who react sharply to expressions that cut their ears. Indeed, there is something to worry about: according to latest research, in adolescence, the degree of jargonization of speech (defined in such a seemingly harmless sphere of general evaluative synonymous words: “good” - “bad”) exceeds 50% for boys and 33% for girls, i.e. zashib, ult, otpad, super, cool, cool, cool and similar words half replace literary expressions.

Speech is a specific form of reflection of reality. It follows the changes taking place in our lives, associated with a change in cultural orientations, values, attitudes. What was characteristic of tsarist Russia was at one time denied and rethought within the framework of Soviet culture. What we are seeing now is largely due to the denial of Soviet culture. And, of course, the properties of speech and the properties of the environment are interconnected. Just as a teenager does not exist outside the family, school, etc., so these social institutions do not exist separately from the individuals interacting with them and thanks to them, thereby influencing speech.

The purpose of this work is to study the reasons for the use of modern youth in the speech, a large number of jargon and the role of society in shaping the culture of speech, ensuring the expedient and uncomplicated use of the language in order to communicate not only with peers.

To achieve this goal, the work provides for the solution of a number of phased tasks:

The role of social factors in the formation of the speech of modern adolescents.

The need of modern youth for self-expression and mutual understanding.

The expansion of the sphere of youth communication is the embodiment of the need to experience new experiences, to test oneself in a new role.

1. The concept of the term jargon

In addition to the generally accepted concept of "jargon", there are such concepts as "slang", "slang" or "fenya". Essentially, they mean the same thing.

""Jargon" - from the French "jargon" - the speech of a social or professional group, which differs from the common language in a special composition of words and expressions "1. This is a conditional language, understandable only in a certain environment, it has a lot of artificial, sometimes conditional words and expressions.

The word "argo" "comes from the French "argot" - the speech of certain, closed groups, which is created for the purpose of linguistic isolation." 2 This is mainly a special or peculiarly mastered common vocabulary.

The so-called "slang" is opposed to the official, generally accepted language and, according to lexicographers, is fully understood only by representatives of a narrow circle of people belonging to one or another social or professional group that introduced this word or expression.

The gap between "classical" speech and slang is widening every day due to not just democratization, but also the "vulgarization" of public life. A significant role in the emergence of new words is played by the media, especially television, which everyone watches. Jargon crowds out respectable speech and, thanks to mass culture, leaves its mark on the language of the whole nation.

With the passage of time (especially in the 20th century), the pace of life accelerates. Accordingly, growing vocabulary, because each new concept must correspond to at least one word. Accordingly, the vocabulary of slang is expanding. With the explosion of mass communication, thousands of new words have been added to reflect political and social change. New words also arise in order to refresh old concepts.

Linguistic innovations are reflected in the media, naturally, they are reflected in the jargon. It is a challenge to the "correct" life.

Slang faster than other language layers reflects the tendency of "conciseness" in the word. This trend is quite strong in colloquial speech. Even the terms "slang" and "slang" themselves are becoming obsolete, giving way to a shorter, monosyllabic "slang".

The social dialects of the Russian language are divided into 3 large groups: slang, jargons and conditionally professional languages.

Jargons are class-stratified, industrial, youth, jargons of groups of people according to interests and hobbies. Industrial jargons include "slang" of any profession, it is very difficult for the "uninitiated" to understand them, for example, the slang of programmers and office equipment dealers: "mother" - a motherboard, "red assembly" - equipment made in Russia, "pent" - a computer with a pentium processor (by the way, there is also the tendency of "compression" mentioned above).

Youth jargons are divided into industrial and household. The production vocabulary of students is closely connected with the learning process, the soldier - with military service. The general household dictionary is much wider than the production one, it includes words that are not related to the process of study, work or service. For example, drug addiction introduced into the language such words as “machine” - a syringe, “wheels” - tablets (initially - with a drug content, but now any tablet can be called this word), expand - inject, and the like. The fact that everyone knows these words speaks of the increasing activity of drug addicts, the increase in their number. Jargons of soldiers and sailors of military service: “liteha” - lieutenant, “spirit” - a soldier who serves for the first six months; jargons of schoolchildren: "teacher" - a teacher, and the like; student jargon: "war" - classes in military training; common youth jargons: "bottleman" - a bottle; jargon of informal youth groups: “hair” - hair (the word is borrowed from the English “hair” - hair), the slang of musicians is very closely intertwined with the last jargon, since the entire “informal” culture is built on music.

Young people are attracted to jargon by unusual sounding, emotionally expressive coloring.

In order to penetrate the literary language, one or another jargon must be often used in speech, have a bright emotional and expressive coloring, give a good description of an object or phenomenon and not be rude and vulgar. For example, the word "lawlessness", originally a violation of the laws of thieves, but now it expresses a different concept and everything is going to become literary.

Currently, jargon is used in the press and even in literature to give liveliness to speech, because even the president uses colloquial words in conversation, therefore, one cannot treat jargon as something that pollutes the Russian language, it is the same integral part of the language on an equal footing with spaciousness.

2. The role of social factors in shaping the speech of modern youth

Youth speech reflects the unstable cultural and linguistic state of society, balancing on the verge of literary language and jargon. In different periods of the development of society, the language was also different. In the 20-30s. colloquial speech was overwhelmed by waves of street elements - homeless children, thieves - as well as the rally language of revolutionary sailors and soldiers (from them - the appeal brother). The question arose sharply about "preserving the literary language, about the ways of its further development" in connection with a change in the contingent of speakers "- in this formulation of the outstanding linguist E.D. Polivanov one can feel not only the revolutionary enthusiasm of the era, but also bitterness, and awareness of the tragedy of the moment that caused this is the very change in the contingent of speakers. And the Russian language has survived, survived - in accordance with the paradox of E.D. Polivanov: the development of the literary language consists, in particular, in the fact that it changes less and less. Jargon, apparently, is not a new phenomenon in our language history. And not only in ours. Jargon - English slang, French slang is a phenomenon characteristic of language development. In different periods of history, communities of people, united by a common cause, common interests, and most of all, by the consciousness of brotherhood and alienation from the rest of society, invented their own special ways of communicating, oral and written. It was important for them that outsiders did not understand them - and hence all sorts of methods of encryption and metaphorization, transferring the meanings of words.

Now the so-called general jargon - an understated style of speech that blurs both the norms of the language and the norms of speech etiquette - is becoming familiar not only in everyday communication, but also sounds on television and radio. And also the relevance of the cultural achievements of Western civilization present in modern society is a completely natural price for a step taken towards it. What is associated with the show industry, which is based on several socially exploited ideas related to money, sex, violence, jargon, and what is perceived there mainly as a kind of spectacular form, sounds like a kind of guide to action for us.

"Young people, being the predominant bearer of jargon, make it an element of pop culture, which in turn makes it prestigious and necessary for self-expression" 3 . There are enough examples of this in the lyrics (“I don’t care about anything” - the Spleen group, “You hesitated” - the Disco Crash group, the words from Mikhey Jumanji’s song: “... in order or to understand the price of life ... " (from English word life - life), in radio programs and musical television, which are focused on today's youth.

Rapid and constant acceleration and renewal are the leading characteristics modern life which Russian youth lives. Scientific and technological revolutions make communication an extremely dynamic system, stimulating a radical change in social ties and forms of human communication. In modern culture, there is a pronounced layer of innovations that constantly hack and rebuild the cultural tradition, thereby complicating the processes of socialization and adaptation of a person to the constantly changing conditions and requirements of life. The complication of socio-cultural reality, accompanied by the breaking of traditions and norms of different spheres of life, the rapid and all-encompassing distribution of products mass culture cause the threatening scale of the modern crisis of communication.

3. The need of youth for self-expression and understanding

Another reason for the use of jargon in youth speech is the need of young people for self-expression and mutual understanding.

Despite the established ideas about high school students as people who are completely turned to the future, one can find a lot of evidence of their preoccupation with the present. Even self-determination, although directed with all its goals, expectations, hopes for the future, is nevertheless carried out as self-determination in the present - in the practice of living reality and about current events. From these positions, the importance of communication should also be assessed - an activity that occupies a huge place in the lives of adolescents, high school students and students and represents an independent value for them.

Informal communication is subject to such motives as the search for the most favorable psychological conditions for communication, the expectation of sympathy and empathy, the thirst for sincerity and unity in views, the need to assert oneself. In the light of all of the above, communication with comrades becomes a great value for a teenager. It often becomes so attractive and important that the teaching is relegated to the background, the opportunity to communicate with the father and mother no longer looks so attractive. Full communication in the youth environment is impossible without knowing its language.

The youth language implies the use of slang words, swear words as a kind of interjections or simply ways of connecting sentences that do not express negative emotions. Nevertheless, the rough aggressiveness of such a form of speech, even devoid of an offensive direction, is unattractive and can hardly serve as evidence of taste and eloquence. Rather, it is a manifestation of a "linguistic disease" - thoughtlessness and denial of norms, primitivism and linguistic atavism, inherent in adolescence. It's one thing when without the "article b ..." a person cannot speak and is able to reduce the entire breadth of the Russian language to countless derivatives of 3-4 roots. But it is also impossible to unequivocally put an end to this side of the tongue. It is possible to turn away from this, to pretend that this does not exist, but it is called hypocrisy. Moreover, to the place and time used by a teenager a swear word (naturally, in a proper setting) can be more effective than lengthy arguments and long conversations. Apparently in certain period As young people grow, they have to overcome this disease in order to overcome its primitive element and realize the dignity and strength of the Russian language.

Adults should instill such a view in their wards, such as: do not rush to the “embrasure” of the TV when there are films with the use of inappropriate vocabulary, mindlessly “absorb” all the vocabulary taken from the Internet, in particular chats. It is much more important to show what is beautiful and what is vile, what is really pleasing to the ear, and what causes only disgust. Then the children will not write on the walls and use the “Russian folk word” in their speech, and they will know that a swear word used in the presence of an adult is regarded as an insult and will try not to do this.

4. Scope of youth jargon

The most important processes of the transitional age are the expansion of the life world of the individual, the circle of her communication, group affiliation and the type of people she focuses on. Modern technologies expand the boundaries of communication. For example, the advent of the Internet has allowed modern youth to “hang out” in chat rooms (from the English word chat - chatter) and thereby significantly expand their circle of friends. And since the bulk of those who communicate in this way are young people, it is not surprising that the corresponding norm of speech is being mastered. And since the behavior of a teenager, a young man is determined, first of all, by the intermediateness of his position, then moving from children's world into an adult, a teenager does not fully belong to either one or the other, thereby seeking support from peers and building a wall of alienation from an adult. The specificity of his social situation and life world is also manifested in the psyche, which is characterized by internal contradictions, the uncertainty of the level of claims, increased shyness and at the same time aggressiveness, a tendency to take extreme positions and points of view. This tension and conflict is the greater, the sharper the differences between the world of childhood and the world of adulthood and the more important the boundaries that separate them. Therefore, the degree of "adolescent behavior" is never the same. She accepts different forms: in particular, the language of a teenager serves as a protest. And the element that feeds this youth language is everything new, unconventional or rejected: the speech of music fans, music television, in particular MTV, and the speech of drug addicts, computer jargon and urban vernacular, English language and thieves' slang. Each of these components has its own sphere, its own subject and at the same time represents a wide field for borrowing (don't bore me - from the jargon of computer scientists;). Elements borrowed from the literary language are reinterpreted in a playful, ironic way: it is absolutely parallel to me, purely violet, on the drum.

"Youth jargon is characterized, in addition to alienation, by an emotional and playful beginning. Why, if young people know how to speak correctly, does it speak incorrectly? Why does it prefer to use condemned forms of speech, knowing prestigious, normative ones? Yes, simply because it has a different system of values , a different prestige, a different norm - an anti-norm. And in this anti-norm, the main principle is an element of shock, shake-up, in order to "sway the people", and an element of mockery, so that it is not boring, but funny, "cool". society, and the rejection of its norms, its models, its propriety" 4 . Ult, Otpad, Orgasm! - this is how today's schoolgirl can express delight, a depressive person will call boring music, and a nerd will call an exemplary classmate.

Another game technique used in youth jargon is the convergence of words based on sound similarity, sound transfer: for example, "lemon" instead of a million, soap, "emelya" instead of e-mail (from the English word e-mail).

So, a joke, a game is a positive element of youth speech. Hardly anyone can seriously fight this.

Another important characteristic of youth speech is its "primitiveness". The association with the language of some primitive society arises when teachers observe the instability, the constant change of jargon, both in time and in space. Not having time to gain a foothold, some forms of speech give way to others: for example, the not so old slang "mani" (from the English word money - money) was replaced by "bucks" and "lava". Similar processes were noted at the beginning of the century by ethnographers in the languages of the South American Indians, for which the missionaries did not have time to rewrite dictionaries. This is the natural state of any language education during its formative period.

Another sign of the "primitiveness" of youth jargon is the uncertainty, blurring of the meanings of the words included in it. "Strmno, cool", "I prus" can

be both positive and negative. This is referred to as "Damn!" and "fir-trees!", used in jargon only as emotional exclamations, and words like "fun", "ult", "plague", "burns". Being used as emotional interjections, they almost completely lose their meaning, which is displaced by the emotional component of meaning, which is strongly accentuated in a certain situation. The same group includes the phrases "full atas", "full paragraph", "full scribe". Depending on the situation and circle of communication, these words can express a variety of - up to the opposite - emotions: disappointment, irritation, admiration, surprise, joy, etc. At the same time, more or less adequate "recognition" of the expressed emotion by the listener cannot be carried out without intonation, facial expressions, gestures of the speaker, as well as context. jargon youth communication

So, the main reprehensible quality of youth jargon, which is formed by the adolescent's social circle, is its pronounced "atavistic primitivism." In addition to "... vague semantics, it also manifests itself in the understatement of those areas of vocabulary from which its resources are drawn, and in the stylistically understated grammatical means used in speech; these are, in particular, derogatory suffixes - -nyak, -nya (otkhodnyak, depressnyak, tusnyak , tusnya), truncations (botan), familiar suffixes in personal names (Dimon, Kolyan, Yurets). And, finally, a significant proportion of borrowings from colloquial vocabulary "5. All these techniques are a conscious choice made in speech behavior between adolescents. And speech behavior is also regulated by the norm or antinorm. Modern youth jargon chooses an anti-norm.

Conclusion

The purpose of this work is to study the jargonization of the speech of modern youth. Analysis of the obtained results allows us to draw the following conclusions:

The dominance of jargon of speech today is due to the changed social conditions- a priority material values, the division of society (into rich and poor), changing interpersonal relationships, and so on. Young people are increasingly faced with indifference, rudeness, anger. And this, in turn, leads to protest, which is expressed, in particular, by increased jargon of speech during communication. Communication with peers, as well as with older friends, continues to be significant. It can be noted that they want to spend as much time with them as possible - to walk, relax, have fun, which means they should speak their "own" (slang) language.

Modern youth consider jargon to be an integral part of their communication among peers. Such words allow them to assert themselves, to support a good relationship with friends, share information and learn new things.

When studying the level of jargonization of speech, it can be revealed that swear words occupy the first place among young men, for girls, jargon is primarily a play on words, which gives speech a light humorous connotation.

Thus, the data obtained during the study confirm that there is a tendency towards an increase in the level of jargon among young people. If we summarize the data obtained, we can formulate the reasons for the increase in the share of jargon in the speech of modern youth:

social factors.

The importance of "one's own" (slang) language for communication with peers (the desire to establish oneself both among one's peers and in one's own eyes).

The influence of the media (reading newspapers and youth magazines, watching television) on the speech of modern youth.

Literature

Beregovskaya E.M. Youth slang: formation and functioning // Questions of linguistics, 1996, No. 3

Belicheva S. A. The complex world of a teenager. - Sverdlovsk, Middle-Ural. Book. Publisher, 1984

Bobakho V. A., Levikova S. I. Modern tendencies youth culture: conflict or continuity of generations?//Social sciences and modernity. - 1996. - No. 3. - S. 56-60.

Bodalev A. A. Personality and communication: Selected. tr. - M.: Pedagogy, 1983

Brudny A. A. Understanding and communication. - M.: Knowledge, 1989

Kon I.S. Psychology of a high school student. - M.: Enlightenment, 1982

Mudrik A.V. The most difficult years. - M.: Knowledge, 1990

Nesterenko V. The language of intolerance and the language of trust.//Free Thought. - 1992. - No. 2. - S.

Tolstykh A. V. A teenager in an informal group. - M.: Knowledge, 1991. - (New in life, science, technology. Pedagogy and psychology; No. 2).

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Yard slang. Jargonisms in youth speech. Vocabulary experience

JARGONISMS IN YOUTH SPEECH