Nanotechnology in our life. Nanotechnology project in our life What is the importance of nanotechnology in our life

Every day we are approaching the inevitable revolution that nanotechnology brings. We create new devices, get unique materials that we have not thought about before. The use of nanotechnology in everyday life has made it possible to change the shape of objects familiar to us. As a result, we got completely different, but useful properties of the substance. The reality around us becomes less dangerous and more favorable for a comfortable life. A good example is the reduction of the usual dimensions of used electrical devices to the size of nanoparticles that are invisible to the human eye. Computers are getting smaller, but much more powerful. Nanotechnology in everyday life and in industry has significantly changed everything around us.

Is it possible to create a form of artificial intelligence that could satisfy any of our needs? The answer lies in the rational application of the latest developments. Nanotechnology is the path to the future, as it affects all aspects of our lives. The use of nanotechnology provides many opportunities, but also raises a number of concerns.

Window to the nanoworld

The electron microscope allows you to look into the microcosm. It is very difficult to immediately notice nanotechnologies in everyday life without special equipment, since they are so small that they are indistinguishable to the naked eye. It is on such a scale that substances exhibit the most unusual and unexpected properties. The use of such properties promises a unique technological revolution. They provide radical new possibilities, such as controlling the human body and the environment.

The history of the emergence of nanotechnology

It all starts in the 80s of the XX century with the invention of a tool called scanning (STM). Professor James Jimzewski has spent his entire professional life in the nanoscale world. He is one of the first people in the world who had the opportunity to study matter at the level of incredibly small values, millionths of a millimeter. These microscopes make it possible to study the surface in the same way as the blind read Then no one could have suspected how useful nanotechnology would be in everyday life and industry.

The principle of working with nanoparticles

A scanning microscope uses a probe that is a needle 1 atom thick. When it approaches only a few nanometers from the sample, electrons are exchanged with the nearest nanoparticle. This phenomenon is called the tunnel effect. The control system detects the change in the tunneling current, and now, on the basis of this information, a more accurate construction of the topography of the surface of the sample under study is carried out. The software allows the data to be converted into an image that gives scientists the key to a new world using nanotechnology in everyday life and other industries.

According to James Dzhimzewski, thanks to the scanning electron microscope, scientists for the first time obtained images of atoms and molecules and were able to study their shape. This was a real revolution in science, because scientists began to look at many things in a completely different way, paying attention to the properties of individual atoms, and not millions and billions of particles, as was the case in the past.

First discoveries

The use of new technologies led to a startling discovery. When the device approached the atom at a distance of 1 nanometer, a bond arose between it and the atom. This feature made it possible to find a way to move individual microparticles. Thanks to this discovery, it became possible to use nanotechnology for a comfortable life.

As James Jimzewski, a professor at the University of California, explained, the tunneling scanning microscope made it possible to practically touch molecules and atoms. For the first time, scientists have been able to manipulate atoms on the surface of matter and create structures that were previously unimaginable.

This newly acquired discovery (the ability to observe and manipulate the smallest particles that make up matter) made it possible to use nanotechnology in all industries without exception.

Development of nanotechnology

Physicist and philosopher Etin Klin believes that the possibility of a technological breakthrough due to nanotechnology is quite real, but this is largely based on the enthusiasm of the scientist.

As the physicist and philosopher Etin Klin says, less than 100 years have passed from the moment of experimental confirmation of the existence of atoms to the moment they were able to manipulate them. Opportunities open up before scientists that they could not even think of before. Only thanks to this, the government of all developed countries began to show interest in the relevant sciences. It all started with an American initiative in 2002 by the physicists Roca and Benbridge. These scientists came up with the crazy idea that, thanks to nanotechnology, mankind would be able to solve all the problems facing it.

This statement was the impetus for the start of numerous studies that made it possible to implement such advanced areas of science and technology as microelectronics, computer science, nuclear energy research, microbiology, laser technology, medicine, and much more.

Nanotechnology: examples

In everyday life there are so many imperceptible, but very important substances, the presence of which we do not even suspect! Let's look at the most striking examples:

Toothpaste. Previously, no one thought about why a cleanser for teeth is different. This is all due to the presence of certain nanoparticles. For example, calcium hydroxyapatite, which is invisible to the naked eye, helps restore damaged enamel and protect teeth from caries.

Paint for cars. Modern car paints, thanks to nanoparticles, are able to cover shallow scratches and other cavities formed on the body. They include microscopic balls, which provide such an effect.

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NANOTECHNOLOGIES IN OUR LIFE

Museridze K., Ajavi E., Musina K., Simonyan R. Ya.

GBOU secondary school No. 1005 "Scarlet sails", Moscow, Russia

The relevance of this topic is caused by the "introduction" of nanotechnologies into our lives, because nowadays no science can do without nanotechnologies. At present, the science of nanotechnology is developing dynamically, gaining momentum. Methods for studying and controlling matter at the molecular level for the production of materials are being improved, devices and systems have new technical, functional and consumer properties. Nanotechnology has entered everyday life. Electronics, medicine, cosmetology, construction - by no means a complete list of the use of these technologies at the layman's level. And there is no such person who would not hear about them at least out of the corner of his ear, but do all people know what they are?

Nanotechnology is a field of fundamental and applied science and technology that deals with a set of theoretical justification, practical methods of research, analysis and synthesis, as well as methods for the production and use of products with a given atomic structure by controlled manipulation of individual atoms and molecules.

The purpose of our study is to identify the most advanced areas in the application of nanotechnologies, show the importance of nanotechnologies in human life and talk about them in a simple and understandable language for everyone, and popularize the achievements of Russian scientists in this field.

First, we will talk about the application of nanotechnology in medicine. Nanomedicine is one of the rapidly developing scientific areas of science and involves tracking, correcting, genetic correction and control of the biological systems of the human body at the molecular level, using nanodevices, nanostructures and information technology.

Nanoelectronics is a field of science and technology that includes a set of means, methods and methods of human activity aimed at theoretical and practical research, modeling, etc. .

In textiles, nanotechnology helps garments to become waterproof, dirt-repellent, thermally conductive, and so on. For example, nanomaterials can be made up of nanoparticles and nanofibers with other additives to help provide all of these properties to your T-shirt.

"Functional" foods are natural meat proteins and peptides, which, in fact, are the most typical example of a new generation of high-tech food.

Nanotechnology. - URL :

Semyachkina, Yu. A., Klochkov A. Ya. Modern nanotechnologies: food industry [Text] // Technical sciences: traditions and innovations: materials of the Intern. scientific conf. (Chelyabinsk, January 2012). - Chelyabinsk: Two Komsomol members, 2012. - S. 166-167.

Functional foods are multifunctional food // Food News Time [Electronic resource] Access mode:

pupil 1 1 -B class

OOSH /-/// steps No. 41

Kolosova Nikita Supervisor: teacher of physics Minaeva I.A.

Nanotechnology: a place among other sciences

NANOTECHNOLOGIES

Chemistry, atomic and nuclear physics

Astronomy

hair

dust mite

cell

continent

planets

Earth

atoms

human

Social sciencies

Geology

Biology

We can make the nanoworld work for us !!!

Why is "nanotechnology" interesting?

bacteriophage

Particle Au surrounded by smaller

flu virus

Nanoworld lives inside us and works for us !!!

Mosaic of 1 nm C 60

The main stages in the development of nanotechnology:

1959 Nobel Prize winner Richard Feynman declares that in the future, having learned to manipulate individual atoms, humanity will be able to synthesize anything. 1981 Creation by Binig and Rohrer of a scanning tunneling microscope - a device that allows one to influence matter at the atomic level. 1982-85 Achieving atomic resolution. 1986 Creation of an atomic force microscope, which, unlike a tunnel microscope, makes it possible to interact with any materials, not only conductive ones. 1990 Single Atom Manipulation. 1994 Beginning of application of nanotechnological methods in industry.

The medicine .

Creation of molecular robotic doctors that would "live" inside the human body, eliminating or preventing all damage that occurs, including genetic ones. Implementation period - the first half of the XXI century.

Erythrocytes and bacteria - carriers of nanocapsules with drugs

Delivery method for nanoparticles with drugs or DNA fragments (genes) for cell treatment

Erythrocytes with nanocapsules glued to them, capable of sticking only to certain types of cells (sick ones), will deliver these capsules to the target cells.

Gerontology.

Achieving personal immortality of people through the introduction of molecular robots into the body that prevent cell aging, as well as restructuring and improving the tissues of the human body. Revival and cure of those hopelessly ill people who were currently frozen by cryonics methods. Implementation period: third - fourth quarters of the XXI century.

Industry.

Replacing traditional production methods with molecular robots assembling commodities directly from atoms and molecules. Implementation period - the beginning of the XXI century

Nanotubes make polymer materials stronger

Prospects for the use of nanotechnology in the automotive industry today are not entirely clear. However, the fact that nanomaterials are already being used in the automotive industry is encouraging, although most of them are still in the design development stage. Car manufacturers have already accumulated quite a lot of experience in this area.

Nanofibers make the surface clean.

On the left, the droplet does not wet the surface consisting of nanowires and therefore does not spread over it. On the right is a schematic representation of a surface similar to a massage brush; theta - the contact angle, the value of which indicates the wettability of the surface: the larger theta, the lower the wettability.

Agriculture.

Replacement of natural food producers (plants and animals) with similar functional complexes of molecular robots. They will reproduce the same chemical processes that occur in a living organism, but in a shorter and more efficient way.

For example, from the chain "soil - carbon dioxide - photosynthesis - grass - cow - milk" all unnecessary links will be removed. Will remain "soil - carbon dioxide - milk (cottage cheese, butter, meat)". Such "agriculture" will not depend on weather conditions and will not need hard physical labor. And its productivity will be enough to solve the food problem once and for all.

The implementation period is the second - fourth quarter of the XXI century.

Biology

It will become possible to introduce nanoelements into a living organism at the atomic level. The consequences can be very different - from the "restoration" of extinct species to the creation of new types of living beings, biorobots. Implementation period: mid-21st century.

Nanotechnologies in criminalistics.

The fingerprint on paper is the same after contrasting with gold nanoparticles adhering to greasy groove marks left on the paper.

Ecology

Complete elimination of the harmful effects of human activities on the environment.

Firstly, by saturating the ecosphere with molecular orderly robots that turn human waste into raw materials;
And secondly, due to the transfer of industry and agriculture to non-waste nanotechnological methods. Implementation period: mid-21st century.

Space exploration

Apparently, the exploration of space in the "usual" order will be preceded by its exploration by nanorobots.

A huge army of molecular robots will be released into near-Earth outer space and prepare it for human settlement - make the Moon, asteroids, the nearest planets habitable, build space stations from "improvised materials" (meteorites, comets).

It will be much cheaper and safer than the current methods.

Cybernetics

There will be a transition from the currently existing planar structures to volumetric microcircuits, the size of active elements will decrease to the size of molecules. The operating frequencies of computers will reach terahertz values. Schematic solutions based on neuron-like elements will become widespread. High-speed long-term memory based on protein molecules will appear, the capacity of which will be measured in terabytes. will become possible "resettlement" of human intelligence in the computer. Implementation period: the first - the second quarter of the XXI century.

Flexible nanotube display.

flexible display matrix based on nanotubes;

flexible display featuring Leonardo de Vinci.

Security of nanotechnology?

At least 300 consumer products, including sunscreens, toothpastes and shampoos, are made using nanotechnology. The FDA still allows them to be sold without a special “Contains nanoparticles” label. At the same time, many researchers argue that penetrating into such nanoparticles, they can cause inflammatory or immunological reactions. Therefore, to some extent, entering the era of nanotechnology, we put ourselves in the place of experimental guinea pigs.