Topic: Socio-cultural institutions of the club type

Leonova Olga 111 group

Socio-cultural institutions- historically established stable forms of organization of joint activities of people, predetermining the viability of any society as a whole. They are formed on the basis of social connections, interactions and relations of individuals, social groups and communities, but they cannot be reduced to the sum of these individuals and their interactions. Social institutions are of a supra-individual nature and represent independent public formations with their own logic of development.

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Club- (from the English club - an association of people connected by common goals). A form of voluntary society, an organization that brings people together for the purpose of communication based on common interests (political, scientific, artistic, etc.)

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The club has always been and remains a socio-cultural institution, a center of leisure activities. This activity is carried out in free time, is completely self-managed, and its results are, as a rule, non-commercial. As a voluntarily united community of people, a club can acquire the status of a public organization, the status of a legal entity. In this case, he refers to himself all the rights and obligations inherent in the club institution and at the same time any small business.

Thus, a club in a broad sense is a state, public, commercial, private organization that has or may have the status of a legal entity, created and functioning on the basis of joint professional activities of cultural workers or a voluntary association of citizens. The main task of the club as a socio-cultural institution is to develop the social activity and creative potential of the population, the formation of cultural demands and needs, the organization of various forms of leisure and recreation, the creation of conditions for spiritual development and the most complete self-realization of the individual in the field of leisure. In accordance with its tasks and in accordance with the procedure established by law, a club or any other structure of a club type is granted the right to make various kinds of transactions and other legal acts necessary for the implementation of its activities: alienate, take and lease movable and immovable property, have bank accounts institutions, stamps, letterheads and other details, act as a plaintiff and defendant in courts and arbitrations, as well as have their own publications and participate in all kinds of enterprises and promotions of a socio-cultural, leisure nature.

The structural units of the club as an institution are educational and creative studios, amateur associations, amateur art and technical creativity groups, interest clubs and other initiative formations, including cooperative ones, which are usually part of the club on the terms of an agreement or collective contract.

Clubs and similar structures of the club type can operate both independently and under state, cooperative, public organizations, enterprises, institutions. By decision of the labor collective and in agreement with the founding organization, club structures on a voluntary basis can be part of socio-cultural complexes as the main structural unit, ordinary subdivision, creative formation, as well as other structural units of the complex. http://new.referat. ru/bank-znanii/referat_view?oid=23900

Only a part of the country's population is the real audience of the clubs, that is, they are among those who are significantly involved in the activities of the clubs and are influenced by them. The rest of the population is the potential audience.

The scope of influence of clubs of different groups of the population is very different. The most active in this regard are rural high school students and relatively young city dwellers with a lower than secondary education. People over 30, especially those with higher education, go to clubs much less frequently. 62

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Sasykhov A.V. The audience of clubs // Club studies: Textbook for in-t of culture, arts and faculty. cult.-clearance. work ped. in-tov / Ed. S.N. Ikonnikova and V.I. Chepelev. - M.: Enlightenment, 1980. - S. 62-78.

The following groups of social institutions:

1. Economic - these are all institutions that ensure the process of production and distribution of material goods and services, regulate money circulation, organize and division of labor, etc. (banks, stock exchanges, corporations, firms, joint-stock companies, factories, etc.).

2. Political - these are the institutions that establish, execute and maintain power. In a concentrated form, they express the political interests and relations existing in a given society. The totality of political institutions makes it possible to determine the political system of society (the state with its central and local authorities, political parties, police or police, justice, the army, and also various public organizations, movements, associations, funds and clubs pursuing political goals). The forms of institutionalized activity in this case are strictly defined: elections, rallies, demonstrations, election campaigns.

3. Reproduction and kinship are institutions that maintain the biological continuity of society, satisfy sexual needs and parental aspirations, regulate relations between the sexes and generations, etc. (institute of family and marriage).

4. Socio-cultural and educational - these are institutions whose main goal is to create, develop, strengthen culture for the socialization of the younger generation and transfer to it the accumulated cultural values ​​of the whole society as a whole (family as an educational institution, education, science, cultural and educational and art institutions, etc.).

5. Socio-ceremonial - these are institutions that regulate everyday human contacts and facilitate mutual understanding. Although these social institutions are complex systems and most often informal, they determine and regulate the ways of greetings and congratulations, the organization of solemn weddings, holding meetings, etc., which we ourselves usually do not think about. These are institutions organized by a voluntary association (public organizations, comradely associations, clubs, etc., not pursuing political goals).

6. Religious - institutions that organize a person's connection with transcendental forces. The other world for believers really exists and in a certain way affects their behavior and social relations. The institution of religion plays a prominent role in many societies and has a strong influence on numerous human relationships.

In the above classification, only the so-called "main institutions" are considered, the most important, highly necessary institutions, brought to life by enduring needs that regulate basic social functions and are characteristic of all types of civilization.

Social institutions, as well as social connections and interactions, can be formal and informal.

A formal institution is an institution in which the scope of functions, means and methods of action are regulated by the prescriptions of laws or other legal acts. Formally approved orders, regulations, rules, regulations, charters, etc. The formal social institutions are the state, the army, the court, the family, the school, and so on. These institutions carry out their managerial and control functions on the basis of strictly established formal negative and positive sanctions. Formal institutions play an important role in the consolidation of modern society. On this occasion, A.G. Efendiev wrote that "if social institutions are powerful ropes of a system of social ties, then formal social institutions are a fairly strong and flexible metal frame that determines the strength of society."

An informal institution is an institution in which the functions, means and methods of activity are not established by formal rules (i.e., they are not clearly defined and are not enshrined in special legislative acts and regulations), so there is no guarantee that this organization will be sustainable. Despite this, informal institutions, just like formal ones, perform managerial and control functions in the broadest social sense, as they are the result of social creativity and the will of citizens (amateur associations of amateur creative activity, associations of interests, various funds for social and cultural purposes and etc.).

All social institutions of any society are united and interconnected to varying degrees, representing a complex integrated system. This integration is mainly based on the fact that a person, in order to satisfy all his needs, must participate in various types of institutions. In addition, institutions have a certain influence on each other. For example, the state influences the family through its attempts to regulate the birth rate, the number of marriages and divorces, and the establishment of minimum standards for the care of children and mothers.

An interconnected system of institutions forms a coherent system that provides group members with the satisfaction of their diverse needs, regulates their behavior and guarantees the further development of the group as a whole. Internal consistency in the activities of all social institutions is a necessary condition for the normal functioning of the whole society. The system of social institutions in the social aggregate is very complex, and the constant development of needs leads to the formation of new institutions, as a result of which there are many different institutions next to each other.

High level of development of culture - when the highest level of cultural mastery is achieved through development and self-development.

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The average level of development of culture- this is when a person develops his culture at the level of an amateur, or as a "hobby".

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Low level of development of culture - this is when contact with high cultural values ​​is not important for a person.

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SOCIO-CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS – one of the key concepts of sociocultural activity. In the broadest sense, it extends to the spheres of social and socio-cultural practice, and also refers to any of the many subjects interacting with each other in the socio-cultural sphere. (Lit.: A. Flier. Cultural Dictionary)

CLASSIFICATION OF SOCIO-CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS - depending on their role function in relation to consumers of cultural goods, values ​​and services in the face of thousands of children and adults audience of users: viewers, listeners, readers, as well as potential customers, producers, buyers of extensive socio-cultural products.

A FAMILY - a cell of society and the most important source of social and economic development, a group of people related by marriage, kinship or adoption, living together and having common income and expenses. (Source: http://webotvet.ru/articles/opredelenie-semya.html)

A family - a social association whose members are connected by a common life, mutual moral responsibility and mutual assistance. In essence, the family is a system of relations between husband and wife, parents and children, based on marriage or consanguinity and having a historically defined organization. ( Lit.: Sociology / "under the editorship of prof. V.N. Lavrinenko. - M .: UNITI, 1998.[ c.281] )

FAMILY CLASSIFICATIONS:

Depending on the form of marriage:

• monogamous family - consisting of two partners
• polygamous family - one of the spouses has several marriage partners

Depending on the gender of the spouses:

• same-sex family - two men or two women who jointly raise foster children, artificially conceived or children from previous (heterosexual) contacts.
• heterosexual family

Depending on the number of children:

• childless, or infertile family;
• one-child family;
• small family;
• average family;
• the large family.

Depending on composition:

• simple or nuclear family - consists of one generation, represented by parents (parent) with or without children. The nuclear family in modern society has become the most widespread. She may be:
• elementary - a family of three members: husband, wife and child. Such a family can be, in turn:
• complete - includes both parents and at least one child
• incomplete - a family of only one parent with children, or a family consisting of only parents without children
• composite - a complete nuclear family in which several children are brought up. A composite nuclear family, where there are several children, should be considered as a conjunction of several elementary
• complex family or patriarchal family - a large family of several generations. It may include grandparents, brothers and their wives, sisters and their husbands, nephews and nieces.

Depending on the place of the person in the family:

• parental - this is the family in which a person is born
• reproductive - a family that a person creates himself

Depending on the residence of the family:

• matrilocal - a young family living with the wife's parents,
• patrilocal - a family living together with the husband's parents;
• neolocal - the family moves to a dwelling remote from the place of residence of the parents. (

Determining the essence of socio-cultural institutions is impossible without analyzing their functions that ensure the achievement of the goal. Society is a complex social entity, and the forces at work within it are closely intertwined, making it difficult to foresee the results of any single action. In this regard, a certain institution performs its own specific functions. Their totality constitutes the general social functions of institutions as elements, types of certain systems.

An important role in defining the tasks of socio-cultural institutions was played by the scientific works of M. Weber, E. Kasirer, J. Huizinga. They and other culturologists distinguish regulatory, integrative and communicative functions in the structure of spiritual production. In any society, complicated multi-level systems are created, specially focused on the development of certain knowledge, ideas about life and the person himself, as well as plans and goals not only daily, but also calculated for further behaviour.

Therefore, a socio-cultural institution must have a system of rules and norms of behavior that, within the framework of spiritual culture, consolidate, standardize the behavior of its members and make them predictable. When analyzing the components of cultural regulation, it is necessary to take into account that the implementation of the standards of human values ​​is carried out through their integration with social roles and norms of behavior, the assimilation of positive motivations and values ​​accepted in society. Socialization is supported by personal institutions (in the family, school, labor collective, etc.), as well as institutions, organizations, enterprises of culture and art.
The study of trends in the development of the process of socialization shows that with the complication of the sociocultural field, the mechanism of socialization and its direct cultural application also become more complex.

A specific function of socio-cultural institutions is integration, which is distinguished by S. Frolov, A. Kargin, G. V. Drach and other researchers. In the social sphere, there is a spread of a complex of views, beliefs, values, ideals that are characteristic of a particular culture, they determine the consciousness and behavioral factors of people. Cultural institutions are focused on ensuring and preserving the heritage of culture, folk traditions, historical knowledge, which helps to strengthen the connection between generations and unite the nation.
There are different cultures in the world community. Cultural differences hinder communication between people, sometimes hinder their mutual understanding. These differences often become barriers between social groups and associations. Socio-cultural institutions seek to overcome cultural differences with the tools of culture and art, strengthen the ties of cultures, intensify their relationships and thereby unite people both within the same culture and beyond its borders.

Traditions are social attitudes determined by norms of behavior, moral and ethical values, ideas, customs, rituals, etc. Therefore, the most important tasks of socio-cultural organizations are the preservation, transfer and improvement of socio-cultural heritage.

The development of forms and methods of communication is the most important aspect of the activities of various cultural institutions. Scientists consider the development of socio-cultural activities in the course of the interaction of societies, when people enter into relationships with each other. Culture can be created jointly, precisely through joint actions. T. Parsans emphasized that without communication there are no forms of relations and activities. Without the presence of certain communication forms, it is impossible to educate the individual, coordinate actions, and maintain society as a whole. Therefore, a methodical, stable, diverse system of communications is needed that maintains the maximum degree of unity and differentiation of social life.

In our era, according to the Canadian culturologist M. McLuhan, the number of contacts of an individual with other people has significantly increased. But these relationships are often mediated and one-sided. Sociological research suggests that such one-sided relationships often only contribute to the development of feelings of loneliness. In this regard, socio-cultural institutions through the assimilation of cultural values ​​contribute to the development of real human forms of communication.
Thus, the communicative function of socio-cultural institutions is to streamline the processes of broadcasting socially important information, the integration of society and social groups, the internal differentiation of society and groups, the separation of society and different groups from each other in their communication.

Sociologists consider the sphere that allows people to take a break from everyday problems, in most cases as leisure, freed from specific participation in production. Leisure activities are much broader in content, because they can include the most diverse types of creativity. It is advisable to consider free time in the sense of realizing the interests of the individual associated with self-development, self-rehabilitation, communication, pleasure, health improvement, and creative activity. In this regard, one of the most important tasks of the socio-cultural institution is the transformation of leisure into the field of cultural activity, where the realization of the creative and spiritual potential of society is carried out.

An analysis of the factors in the formation of recreation for the population shows that libraries, clubs, theaters, philharmonic societies, museums, cinemas, parks and other similar institutions are the places for the implementation of cultural initiatives.

The term "social institutions of culture" is usually used in two senses: direct and broad. In the direct sense, this is a certain specific organization or institution that performs the functions of creating, storing and distributing cultural values. In a broad sense, a social institution includes the procedures themselves, the order (norm) of promoting, broadcasting and performing cultural activities in all spheres of society (rituals, customs, traditions, holidays, worship, guardianship, literary criticism, etc.)

The main task of cultural institutions is the implementation of state policy on planning, functioning, and ensuring the cultural life of society.

The creation of any classification of cultural institutions is a rather difficult task, because the number of functions they implement is almost incalculable. The typology of cultural institutions is also complicated by the fact that the performance of some functions is provided in parts by different institutions, and some cultural institutions, due to the multifunctionality of culture, perform many different functions at once. For example, a museum is both a cultural and educational institution, and a theater is both a creative and entertainment institution.

On a functional basis, cultural institutions can be grouped into several subsystems:

Creative institutions for the implementation of spiritual production (theaters, studios, film studios, book publishing complexes, creative unions and amateur creative associations, architectural and art-production workshops, orchestras, ensembles);

Institutes for the dissemination of culture, for direct socio-cultural work with the population, including: a) educational institutions (libraries, museums, exhibitions, memorial buildings and complexes, lecture halls, etc.); b) institutions of aesthetic education (cinemas, art museums and exhibitions, concert organizations, structures for holding various artistic and entertainment events, etc.); c) cultural and leisure institutions (clubs, palaces of culture, children's leisure institutions, structures of amateur art, arts and crafts and other creativity, etc.);

Cultural protection institutions (bodies for the registration, protection and use of monuments of cultural and historical heritage, restoration workshops, etc.);

Institutions organizing and planning cultural activities, managing cultural processes: government organizations, creative unions, research institutions. This also adjoins the social institution of scientific and artistic criticism, which influences people who carry out spiritual production and consume spiritual values.

There is an opinion that culture is less manageable than other spheres, does not fit into the framework of regulation. In the development of culture, contradictions often arise between the tendency towards the centralization of cultural activity by the state and its democratization. State intervention is fraught with the dependence of cultural activities on the authorities, and without government support, art and science cannot survive and are doomed to decline. The new situation in culture is characterized by a trend towards decentralization, the transition from administrative methods of management to market mechanisms (funds, sponsorship, patronage, awards), thereby giving rise to a new dependence of cultural figures.

Each country has its own administrative structures for managing culture. A broad understanding of culture includes education, media work, tourism, youth education. These areas are managed by various departments, and parliamentary commissions and committees are created to coordinate them. Along with state institutions, a significant place in cultural life is occupied by non-governmental organizations: writers' and journalistic organizations, associations, private publishing houses, various communities, religious structures, trade unions, interest clubs and circles, etc.

The effectiveness of the cultural policy of the state largely depends on the level of coordination of the work of various administrative structures.

The ratio of social institutions of culture throughout history has changed depending on the degree of differentiation of social life and the transition from pre-industrial to industrial and post-industrial society. However, in any society, "social institutions organize and coordinate the activities of people in the field of culture, without which it would become fragmented, inconsistent and unstable."