Preventive Conservation as a Perspective Direction for Safeguarding the Collections of Scientific Libraries Belyaeva Irina Mikhailovna. Conservation of Library Collections National Program for the Preservation of Library Collections

ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NATIONAL PROGRAM FOR THE PRESERVATION OF LIBRARY FACILITIES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

, consultant of the Department of Libraries of the Ministry of Culture Russian Federation

The importance of libraries for the economic, intellectual and spiritual progress of society is valued more and more highly every year.

The Russian Law “On Librarianship”, adopted in 1994, established that “the basis of the state policy in the field of librarianship is the principle of creating conditions for the universal accessibility of information and cultural values collected and provided for use by libraries.”

The Council of Europe, of which Russia is a member, constantly notes the extremely important role of libraries at the present stage. The Council of Europe's draft recommendations on library legislation in Europe in 1999 emphasized that

Libraries are the main active and indispensable link, both in the information chain and in protection cultural heritage,

they carry out the necessary external communication for the dissemination of knowledge in society,

· Library heritage constitutes the main part of the cultural heritage of European states and, as such, is a key component of their identity.

In order to meet the growing needs of society for information, it is necessary to preserve information and its carriers. In this regard, the problem of preserving library collections has ceased to be a private issue of librarianship and is becoming a problem of national importance, the solution of which largely determines the availability of necessary information, new ideas and knowledge to society.

Back in 1986, at the General Conference of UNESCO, the “Guidelines for International Action on the Preservation of Library Materials” were adopted, which provide for the creation in each country of a national program for the preservation of library collections.

In Russia, since 1993, the Ministry of Culture has done a great job of studying and analyzing the state of the country's library collections. As a result, it was concluded that a crisis situation has developed in the field of preservation of funds in libraries and that in order to overcome it, it is necessary to develop a comprehensive long-term strategic program at the national level, which would become the basis of state policy in the field of preservation of the country's library collections. Work began on the creation of the concept of the National Program for the Preservation of Library Funds of the Russian Federation, in which leading specialists from federal libraries and the Department for Libraries of the Ministry of Culture of Russia took part.

This important stage of work was completed in 1998 by the Collegium of the Ministry of Culture, which considered the issue “On the State Policy for the Preservation of Library Collections as a Part of the Cultural Heritage and Information Resource of the Country”. A package of documents was prepared for the meeting, among which the main one was the Concept of the National Program for the Preservation of Library Collections. The Collegium approved the ways of forming the state policy in the field of preservation of library collections proposed for its consideration and approved the Concept of the National Program.

In accordance with the decision of the Collegium on the basis of the Fundamentals of Legislation on Culture, the Federal Law "On Librarianship", the Federal Law "On Information, Informatization and Information Protection", as well as the "Guidelines for International Action on the Preservation of Library Materials" (UNESCO, Vienna, 1986) , the UNESCO Memory of the World Program (1992), the IFLA Preservation and Conservation Program (1986), on the basis of the Concept approved by the Board, the leading experts of the country developed a draft National Program for the Preservation of Library Collections of the Russian Federation. In April 2000, the draft National Program was approved by the All-Russian Meeting of the Heads of Federal and Central Scientific Libraries of the Subjects of the Russian Federation on the topic “ Public policy in the Field of Preserving Library Collections”, held in St. Petersburg in July - by the Interdepartmental Expert Council on the Problems of Preserving Library Collections under the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation.

On July 26, 2000, the project was discussed and approved by the Board of the Ministry of Culture, where the question "On the National Program for the Preservation of Library Collections of the Russian Federation" was considered. Then program as component Federal program "Culture of the years." was approved by the order of the Minister of Culture No. 000 dated 01.01.01.

The overall coordination of the Program is carried out by the Ministry of Culture and the Russian Library Association.

The program intends to gradually cover the entire library network of the country. Federal libraries of the system of the Ministry of Culture as scientific and methodological and coordinating centers organize the implementation of the Program and provide its legal and scientific and methodological base.

The interdepartmental level of the Program is provided by the Interdepartmental Expert Council on the Problems of Preservation of Library Collections, established under the Ministry of Culture.

It included representatives delegated by ministries and departments, leading specialists from major libraries, museums, and other institutions that have library funds.

To implement the Program, like any other major projects, it is necessary to create certain conditions, the most important of which are the existence of an implementation mechanism and project financing.

Even in the process of preparing the concept, the developers were solving the problem of forming a mechanism for the implementation of the Program.

Such a task as the preparation of a comprehensive program of this level, and even more so its implementation, would be beyond the power of any, even the largest library. An important organizational finding was the creation of a system of scientific, methodological and coordinating centers as a mechanism for developing and implementing the Program, which are responsible for each of the 7 subprograms that make up the National Program, namely:

· « Conservation of library collections» - for this subprogram, the base is the Federal Center for the Conservation of Library Collections of the National Library of Russia;

* « Preservation of information and the creation of the Insurance Library Fund "- scientific, methodological and coordinating center of this subprogram - VGBIL;

* "Book monuments of the Russian Federation"- RSL;

* "Security of Libraries and Library Collections"- Center for the Safety of Cultural Heritage of the State Research Institute for Restoration;

· "Preservation of library collections in the process of use"- GPIB of Russia;

· "Accounting for library collections"- RSL;

· "Program Staffing"- APRICT.

Practice has shown the need to organize such coordinating scientific and methodological centers, which constituted the administrative horizontal of the National Program. Already in the process of developing the Program, the centers proved their viability, readiness to organize further work on the implementation of the Program, and the justification of the principle of distributed responsibility.

Funding for major programs, especially those of national importance, cannot and should not come from a single source. No budget can cope with this task on its own.

Therefore, the financing of the Program is comprehensive, consisting of the federal budget of various departments that manage libraries, the budgets of the constituent entities of the Federation, and extrabudgetary sources.

From the budget of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, as the leading agency responsible for the formation and implementation of state cultural policy, including library policy, general scientific and methodological developments, the creation of a system of regulatory documents, the development of infrastructure for interlibrary, interdepartmental and international cooperation, etc. will be financed. The Ministry of Culture provides targeted financial support for projects of federal significance, implemented both by libraries of the system of the Ministry of Culture of Russia and institutions of other departmental subordination, as well as large regional projects, such as the creation of regional and interregional centers for the preservation of library collections, training and retraining of personnel, analysis the state of funds, etc.

Federal budget funds for the implementation of projects of the National Program for the Preservation of Library Collections are distributed within the framework of the Federal Program "Culture of Russia" as a result of competitive selection of projects. In 2001, more than 150 applications were submitted for participation in the competition of projects aimed at the implementation of the National Program. Of these, 56 projects have been selected for financing, a significant part of which has already been financed.

At present, the problem of preserving library collections has taken a worthy place in the structure of the state cultural policy in the field of librarianship, in the system of its priorities.

The national program received support from the Government of the Russian Federation. The Minister of Culture appealed to the Government with a request “in order to effectively implement the state policy in the field of library collections, increase the efficiency of work to ensure the safety and accessibility of national library collections

· to instruct the federal ministries and departments annually, when planning budgets, to provide for targeted allocations for the implementation of the National Program for the Preservation of Library Collections of the Russian Federation in the network of libraries under their jurisdiction,

· to recommend to the Administrations of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation to provide shared targeted funding for work within the framework of the National Program for the Preservation of Library Collections, and also to accept the Program as the basis for the development of relevant regional programs.

In response to this appeal, she instructed the federal executive authorities and executive authorities of the subjects of the Russian Federation "to consider the proposals of the Ministry of Culture of Russia on the preservation of library funds and take the necessary measures" (VM-P8-32365 of 01.01.2001).

Certain measures are already being taken in a number of regions and departments.

Since the beginning of 2001, Russian libraries have begun the third, most serious and difficult stage - the implementation of the National Program for the Preservation of Library Collections of the Russian Federation.

One of the first stages in the implementation of the National Program in all its areas is the creation of a regulatory and methodological framework. Implementation of the Program is possible only on the basis of uniform legal norms and scientific and methodological approaches. For this, first of all, it is necessary to improve the legal and methodological documents related to the field of conservation of library collections: the development of new ones and the modernization of existing ones, bringing them into a single system.

Currently, a number of new regulations are being prepared that will significantly strengthen and develop regulatory framework National program and the whole sphere of conservation of library collections.

· “Conservation of Library Collections”: a new GOST 7.50 “SIBID. Conservation of documents. General requirements” and GOST 7.48 “SIBID. Conservation of documents. Basic terms and definitions”, as well as the Collection of scientific and methodological documents “Organization of an interregional center for the conservation of library collections in the library”, prepared by the Federal Center for the conservation of library collections of the National Library of Russia;

· "Preservation of information and the creation of the Insurance Library Fund": under development GOST "Procedure for the creation of the Insurance Fund of Documentation, which is a national scientific, cultural and historical heritage”, the leading organization is Rosarkhiv. The draft "Regulations on the Russian Insurance Fund of Documents of Libraries", prepared by the scientific, methodological and coordinating center of this subprogram - VGBIL, is under approval;

· "Book monuments of the Russian Federation": passes the last stages of approval of the "Regulations on book monuments of the Russian Federation", developed by specialists of the RSL as the basis for the implementation of state policy in the field of work with book monuments;

· "Security of Libraries and Library Collections": continues the development of normative and scientific-methodological documents Center for the Safety of Cultural Heritage of the State Research Institute of Restoration;

· "Accounting for library collections": the final stages of approval of the "Regulations on the sale of books excluded from the collections of libraries", prepared by specialists of the RSL.

In addition to developing a regulatory framework for the preservation of library collections, a lot of work is currently being done to examine the state of preservation of Russian libraries, conduct training seminars, scientific and practical work on the development and implementation of new technologies within the framework of the “Conservation of Library Collections” subprogram.

Work has begun on the creation of insurance funds for libraries, a number of projects in this area have been supported by the federal budget, and work on the creation of a register of insurance microforms is coming to an end, within the framework of the subprogram “Preservation of information and the creation of an insurance library fund”.

A lot of work is being done within the framework of the Book Monuments of the Russian Federation subprogram. Unfortunately, the coordinators of this subprogram were unable to come to the conference, so I will allow myself to dwell on it in more detail.

The purpose of the subprogram is to implement a unified policy in relation to book monuments stored in libraries, museums, archives, book chambers and other holding institutions, to ensure their safety and use, state protection and legal protection.

The most diverse institutions of the country, to one degree or another, work with book monuments. This work is mainly carried out in isolation, both vertically - federal, regional and local institutions, and horizontally - libraries, museums, archives, etc.

At present, the task has been set to form the Unified Fund of Book Monuments as a system of complementary funds of various institutions, where each fund performs the special task of the most complete presentation of book monuments of the appropriate level: global and national, regional or local. The second global task is to organize a centralized state registration of monuments in the Code of book monuments, which will become a distributed bank of bibliographic data on each monument as part of funds dispersed throughout the country.

The main approaches to working with book monuments are formulated in the “Regulations on book monuments of the Russian Federation”, prepared by specialists from the RSL. The federal scientific and coordinating center for work with book monuments in Russia is the Research Department of Rare Books of the Russian State Library. The functions of regional scientific, methodological and coordinating centers should be performed by the central libraries of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Conference "Book Collections of the Russian North: Problems of Study, Preservation and Use", which was prepared and is being held by the Arkhangelsk Regional Scientific Library. , shows that this library is becoming one of these centers.

I am sure that this conference will be very productive and useful for all its participants and for our common work on the implementation of the National Program for the Preservation of Library Collections.

Scientific-methodical and coordination center - Federal Center for the Conservation of Library Collections under the Russian national library(FTsKBF).
Subprogram manager - S.A. Dobrusina, director of the Federal Central Design Bureau of the National Library of Russia.
Routine Developers- S.A. Dobrusina(head of the author's group), director of the Federal Central Design Bureau of the National Library of Russia, Z.P. Dvoryashina, Director of the Center for the Conservation of Documents of Higher Educational Institutions at the National Library of the Russian State Humanitarian University, G.A. Kislovskaya, deputy director of VGBIL, Yu.P. Nyuksha, Ch. consultant OKD BAN, N.I. Khakhalev, deputy Director of the RSL E.S. Chernina, senior researcher FTsKBF at the National Library of Russia, ON THE. Shcherbachev, consultant of the Department of Libraries of the Ministry of Culture of Russia.
Library collections of permanent and long-term storage are a complex and heterogeneous array of documents published in different time having different circulation, readership, demand, prerequisites for aging and damage, and, accordingly, a different degree of preservation.
The heterogeneity of documents necessitates the use of libraries different forms conservation - preventive, stabilizing treatments, restoration. Within each form, there are various methods and technological methods used individually and in combination.
In world practice, priority is given to the form of conservation, which allows to maximize the preservation of the largest possible number of documents with minimal interference of the conservator in the structure of the document. This form is recognized as preventive (prophylactic) conservation as a set of actions in order to protect publications and manuscripts from external influences by providing standard conditions for storage and use, i.e. creation and maintenance of favorable storage regimes (light, temperature and humidity, sanitary and hygienic) and the use of phase storage. In Russia, preventive conservation as a set of measures has recently begun to be dealt with.
At present, there is a significant accumulation of dilapidated and damaged documents in the libraries of Russia. Their volume continues to increase rapidly due to critical condition repositories, lack of space and equipment, lack of conservation services in most libraries, as well as insufficient awareness of librarians about the preservation of collections.
The unfavorable state of library collections is becoming widespread, which can only be resisted by taking a set of the broadest measures, among which it is necessary to note the priority ones. Based on the analysis of the current situation, the following are identified as priority areas for conservation:

creation and maintenance of a standard storage regime in existing libraries, in reconstructed and under construction library buildings;
introduction of phase conservation (phase storage as a form of temporary conservation);
development of mass stabilization methods;
development of mass restoration of documents.

The implementation of these areas with the predominant development of preventive (preventive) conservation will most quickly and economically ensure the safety of the largest possible number of documents.
1. Creation and maintenance of a standard storage regime in existing libraries, reconstructed and under construction library buildings- the main component of preventive conservation, which is a set of actions in order to protect publications and manuscripts from adverse external influences. The mode of storage of documents is ensured by observing the standard temperature and humidity, lighting, sanitary and hygienic condition of the premises.
During the reconstruction of old and construction of new library buildings, the requirements of SNiP and GOST 7.50 "Conservation of documents. General requirements" must be strictly observed.
Libraries should be equipped with the necessary technical means of control environment and maintaining regulatory conditions for the storage of documents.
2. Phase conservation. The introduction of phase conservation - temporary storage of documents in containers made of special materials that are allowed for use - is another component of preventive conservation.
The purpose of the phase preservation is to protect documents from mechanical damage and the impact of aggressive environmental factors on certain period time.
Documents are placed in boxes made of acid-free cardboard or other material that is harmless to the object of storage. For the same purpose, encapsulation is used for sheet documents - the encapsulation of a document in a transparent polymeric inert film.
3. Development of methods for mass stabilization of documents - special processing that slows down aging and prevents damage to documents. This is, first of all, the neutralization of the acidity of paper, the creation of an alkaline reserve, protection against biodamage with a prolonged effect. Bulk stabilization is preferred as it is more productive and applicable to most permanent and long-term storage documents.
In Russia, mass stabilization technologies are practically absent.
The development of forms of preventive conservation and mass stabilization will reduce the need for restoration of documents.
4. Development of mass restoration of documents. In domestic practice, the most widespread labor-intensive, inefficient and expensive form of conservation - restoration. As a rule, the share of restored material, even in libraries with large restoration departments, is too small in relation to the entire array of damaged documents. That is why documents should be restored only by special decision of the custodian and conservator. The development of mass document restoration is aimed at increasing the productivity and efficiency of the restoration of dilapidated and damaged documents. The relevance of this direction lies in the fact that the share of restored material, even in libraries with large restoration departments, is too small in relation to the entire array of damaged documents. Increasing the efficiency of technologies and productivity of mass restoration will lead to a reduction in the volume of documents requiring urgent restoration.
Since the restoration of documents is the most time-consuming and expensive process of document conservation, its development should be accompanied by the improvement of a comprehensive scientific examination of documents, taking into account the uniqueness, historical and cultural significance, reader demand, and the physical condition of documents.
The development of preventive conservation and modernization in the field of stabilization and restoration is feasible only if the existing ones are strengthened and new ones are created. preservation centers serving certain regions . The extreme limited financial capacity of the state is one of the reasons for the concentration of material and human resources in a few centers equipped with the necessary equipment.
Conservation centers carry out research, methodological, teaching and practical activities.
Scientific activity consists in conducting a comprehensive scientific examination and studying the processes of aging and damage to documents, developing and implementing new conservation methods, and effectively mastering equipment. Research activities should be developed on the basis of coordination, which will make it possible to make fuller use of scientific personnel and instrumental base.
Methodical activity is to conduct consultations, prepare publications and distribute methodological manuals. Currently, there is an urgent need for methodological assistance for the further implementation of state standards and other regulatory documents governing the storage and use of funds.
Learning activities is carried out by teaching the scientific foundations of conservation, lecturing and conducting internships for conservators and library keepers. Universities and libraries in Moscow and St. Petersburg have accumulated experience in scientific and practical work, which can be adapted to the specific needs of other libraries. In the future, the centers should develop a unified training program and define service regions.
Practical activities includes the performance of work on the conservation of documents of libraries in Russia that do not have their own services.
The subprogram is designed for 10 years.
Purpose of the subroutine:
ensuring the safety of documents by conservation methods;
development and implementation of a unified approach to the conservation of documents of various types.
Subprogram tasks:

creation of a system of inter-regional (regional) centers;
ensuring the safety (conservation) of documents;
development of a set of basic scientific and methodological documents on the organization and activities of interregional (regional) conservation centers;
development of a regulatory framework for the conservation of documents;
organizing and coordinating the activities of Russian libraries in the field of conservation;
development and implementation of mass conservation technologies in the activities of interregional centers.

In addition to the actual preservation of the collections of libraries in Russia, the following problems will be solved in parallel:

providing access to stored original documents;
expanding access to information contained in documents through recommended copying technologies (microfilming, photocopying, scanning);
efficient use of financial resources, thanks to the cooperation of libraries and the development of mass conservation technologies.

Principles for selecting documents for priority conservation.
The choice of objects and the determination of the forms of conservation are carried out in strict accordance with the results of a comprehensive scientific examination and are based on four main criteria: uniqueness, historical and cultural significance of the document, its physical condition, demand.

Uniqueness - the criterion separating from the main mass of documents, first of all, manuscripts, rare books, archival materials. For them, improved storage conditions are necessarily created and, if necessary, restoration and stabilization are provided. For the huge volume of documents that are not unique, information regarding three other criteria is important.
Historical and cultural significance . The group of documents for priority conservation includes documents of high historical and cultural significance. The vast majority of these are unique documents.
Document Status - a criterion characterizing the degree of change in the properties of materials under the influence of environmental factors. Documents with significant damage are subject to priority conservation.
Frequency of use . The order of conservation of documents according to the above criteria is adjusted according to the frequency and nature of use.
The increased demand for documents is the basis for their transfer to non-traditional media, the life of the originals is extended through special processing.

On the basis of the obtained complex characteristics, the regulations for working with the document are adopted. In particularly difficult cases, the conclusion is given by the restoration council or other collegiate body. He also recommends the conditions and rules for further storage and use of the document, determines the timing and types of subsequent processing and forms of control. In accordance with the main established features of the document, recorded in the passport, the council takes into account the scientific and practical possibilities of conservation, including the cost of the necessary treatments.
To improve the selection of documents for priority conservation, determine the form of conservation, it is necessary:

computer software to create a database that allows you to obtain statistical and analytical information for each document or group of documents;
personnel and logistics modern technologies conservation;
availability of a tool base for physicochemical and biological research;
availability of a system of comparative assessments labor intensity and cost of the recommended technological processes.

Programs for the Preservation of Library Collections of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation Stage 1 NATIONAL PROGRAM FOR THE PRESERVATION OF LIBRARY FOUNDATIONS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION 2001 - 2010 Stage 2 ALL-RUSSIAN PROGRAM FOR THE PRESERVATION OF LIBRARY FUNDS 2011 - 2020

Approved by order of the Minister of Culture 540 of September 13, 2000 Implemented within the framework of the federal target program"Culture of Russia" 2001–2005 and 2006–2010 Consists of seven subprograms: "Conservation of library collections" 1. "Conservation of library collections" 2. "Book monuments of the Federation" 2. "Book monuments of the Russian Federation" 3. "Creation of an insurance fund of library documents" 3. "Creation of an insurance fund of library documents" 4. "Preservation of library collections in the process of their use" 4. "Preservation of library collections in the process of their use" 5. "Safety of libraries and library collections" 5. "Safety of libraries and library collections" 6. "Accounting for library collections" 6. " Accounting for library collections" 7. "Personnel support for the sphere of preservation of library collections" 7. "Personnel support for the sphere of preservation of library collections" NATIONAL PROGRAM FOR THE PRESERVATION OF LIBRARY FUNDS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

The purpose of the Program: To ensure the preservation of library collections as part of the cultural heritage and information resource of the country in the interests of present and future generations. Objectives of the Program o Carrying out a targeted policy in the field of conservation and use of library collections. Creation of a system of federal and interregional centers for the preservation of library collections. o Creation of a system of unified nationwide accounting of library stocks in Russia, state registration of book monuments. o Creation of the Russian insurance fund of library documents. o Creation of a regulatory framework and methodological support for all areas of library activities related to the preservation of library collections. o Technical support of the program, introduction of the latest equipment and technologies in the processes of working with library collections. o Creation of a system special education providing libraries with qualified specialists. o Formation of public opinion on the problems of preservation of book collections.

Priority areas: Creation of infrastructure for the implementation of the program: systems of federal, regional and interregional centers for the preservation of library collections Creation of infrastructure for the implementation of the program: systems of federal, regional and interregional centers for the preservation of library collections preservation of library collections

Federal scientific, methodological and coordinating centers for the implementation of the National Program Federal Center for the Conservation of Library Collections of the Russian National Library (FTsKBF RNL) Russian State Library (RSL) B All-Russian State Library for Foreign Literature (VGBIL) R Russian State Library State Public Historical Library (GPIB) Center of the Directorate of the Museum Fund of the Russian Federation ROSIZO (TsBKTs) Academy of Retraining for Workers of Art, Culture and Tourism (APRIKT) o Subprogram "Conservation of Library Collections" o Subprogram "Book Monuments of the Russian Federation" library documents and preservation of information" o Subprogram "Preservation of library collections in the process of their use" o Subprogram "Safety of libraries and library collections" library collections”.

Financing of the National Program for the Preservation of Library Collections within the framework of the Federal Target Program "Culture of Russia" and the years. (million rubles)

Financing of regional centers for the conservation of library collections in the years. From the federal budget within the framework of the FTP "Culture of Russia" (million rubles)

During the implementation period of the program, it was possible to lay the foundations for identifying, identifying, accounting for the most valuable part of the country's library fund, to carry out significant work to create a legal, scientific and methodological framework. The All-Russian Code of Book Monuments (OSKP) has been created and is being developed in order to prepare the basis for a centralized state accounting of book monuments.

A network of regional centers for working with book monuments is being created; by now, central libraries of more than 30 constituent entities of the Russian Federation are participating in this work. Their task is to organize work on identifying, describing, accounting for especially valuable documents stored in their region, as well as the formation of regional codes of book monuments, and the creation of special sites.

Over the 10 years of the implementation of the national program, about specialists from the federal and central libraries of the regions of Russia have undergone special training both in the system of additional professional training and operational advanced training on the basis of the largest federal centers. This allowed to a large extent to form a new professional environment and a new ideology for the preservation of library collections.

The tasks set at the first stage have been largely achieved: o For the first time in Russia, planned activities to ensure the safety of library collections have received comprehensive state funding in all identified priority areas and are being implemented in practice. Systematic activities have begun and are successfully developing in most areas of NP. o Changed to better attitude to the problems of preserving library collections in the library community, and in a number of regions - and the authorities. In a number of regions, local programs for the preservation of library collections have been adopted. o Trained qualified personnel in the field of conservation of library collections. A professional community of specialists in the preservation of library collections has been created. o The situation with the preservation of library collections has changed qualitatively in more than half of the regions of the country, where conditions have been created for professional activity for the preservation of library collections. o New methods and technologies are being introduced to ensure the safety of documents. o The material and technical base for the preservation of library collections is being modernized.

Thus, as a result of ten years of work, the main principles laid down in the National Program have been confirmed, the chosen strategy, priorities and areas of activity that need to be continued and developed in the future, and above all the following: 1. the priority of organizing systematic activities to preserve funds; 2. an integrated approach to solving the problems of preserving library collections; 3. complex financing of the program implementation from the budgets of all levels; 4. focus on new technologies for saving funds; 5. development of the administrative infrastructure for the preservation of library collections - a system of federal and regional centers.

All -Russian program for preserving library foundations Project Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation “Russian State Library” by the Russian National Library “State Public Historical Library of Russia” FSBENS of DPO “Academy of REASTICS OF Culture and Tourism” LLC Interregional Center for Library Cooperation

Consists of five subprograms: "Conservation of library collections" 1. "Conservation of library collections" 2. "Book monuments of the Federation" 2. "Book monuments of the Russian Federation" 3. "Creation of an insurance fund of library documents" 3. "Creation of an insurance fund of library documents" 4. "Preservation of library collections in the process of their use" 4. "Preservation of library collections in the process of their use" 5. "Personnel support for the preservation of library collections" 5. "Personnel support for the preservation of library collections"

Federal scientific, methodological and coordinating centers Federal Center for the Conservation of Library Collections at the Russian National Library (FTsKBF RNL) Russian State Library (RSL) State Public Historical Library (GPIB) Academy of Retraining for Workers in Art, Culture and Tourism (APRIKT) subprogram "Book monuments of the Russian Federation" 3.Subprogram "Creating an insurance fund of library documents and preserving information" funds".

The goal of the Program remains the same: to ensure the safety of the library collections of the Russian Federation as an information resource and a significant part of the cultural heritage of Russia and the world. Expanding user access to information contained in Russian library documents. The strategic objectives of the Program are basically the same, but have received some new emphasis: o Pursuing a targeted policy in the field of preservation of library collections, aimed at developing systematic activities for the preservation of library collections in Russia. o Efficient use of financial resources. o Expansion of the geography of the program for the preservation of library collections, the number of regions - participants

The following are proposed as tactical ways of solving the set strategic tasks: Creation and development of a system of federal, regional and interregional centers for the preservation of library collections as the basis for the implementation of the tasks set. Development of a system of special education, which provides for the training and retraining of qualified personnel in the field of conservation of library collections. Development of a professional environment for the preservation of the library fund. Improving the regulatory framework and methodological support for all areas of library activities related to the preservation of library funds. Development and introduction into practical activities of libraries of new methods and technologies for the preservation of library collections. Development of a monitoring system for the state of library collections in Russia. Development of the material and technical base for the preservation of library collections

In the process of implementing these subprograms, the following tasks will be solved: Providing document storage modes. The development of modern technologies for the preservation of documents, including mass preservation, in which losses and aging processes of document materials are reduced to a possible minimum. Creation and development of a system of unified nationwide accounting and registration of especially valuable book objects on the basis of the All-Russian code of book monuments and the Register of book monuments. Creation of the Russian insurance fund of documents of libraries as a part of the Unified Russian insurance fund of documentation. Ensuring constant control over compliance with regulatory documents in the field of conservation of funds and in the process of their use. Modernization of the system of professional development of library staff, focused on a comprehensive solution to the problems of preserving and enhancing the documentary cultural heritage of the peoples of Russia.

May 11, 2006 on the basis of the FCKBF with the assistance of the SECCO Pontanova Foundation (Berlin) and the Preservation Academy Leipzig (PAL) Russian Center mass neutralization of paper documents. The first high-tech equipment in Russia for the mass neutralization of paper acidity was put into operation. This technology is identical to that used by the Preservation Academy Leipzig, namely the CSC Book Saver.

The "CSC Book Saver" process is currently the latest liquid-phase neutralization method used in the low temperature area. This method reduces the processing time of books and preserves the original structure of the material during and after processing, and, most importantly, ensures the stability of various pigments and dyes. Practice has shown that good results can be achieved even with very sensitive combinations of materials, often found in modern archival and library holdings. The CSC Book Saver technology raises the pH value of the paper to neutral, promotes the creation of an alkaline reserve and effectively protects the paper from environmental influences.

From 2006 to 2012, the books of the Russian Journal Fund of the National Library of Russia, as well as from the collections of a number of regional libraries, were neutralized in the FTsKBF RNL:
State Public Historical Library - 2006, 2007;
National Library of the Republic of Karelia - 2012;
National Library of the Komi Republic - 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012;
Arkhangelsk Regional Universal Scientific Library - 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012;
Murmansk State Regional Universal Scientific Library - 2011;
Tver Regional Universal Scientific Library - 2012;
State Theater Library, St. Petersburg, (collection "German Drama") - 2008, 2009

In the course of work on the mass neutralization of book paper, the technology was optimized, the results were reported at All-Russian and international scientific conferences and seminars, and are reflected in publications:

Mass neutralization of paper books and documents on the CSC BOOK SAVER. : traditional approaches - non-traditional solutions: materials of the international conference, October 24-26, 2006 / RNB.SPb. P.236-244.
Dobrusina S.A., Lobanova N.A., Vovk N.S. Neutralization of paper acidity: pros and cons // Preservation of the cultural heritage of libraries, archives and museums: materials of a scientific conference, February 14-15, 2008 / Russian Academy of Sciences, Library Russian Academy Sciences, St. Petersburg.
S.A. Dobrusina, N.A. Lobanova, N.S. Vovk. Preservation of Book Stoks in Russia Approaches and Answers to the Problem. //The past for the future. The mass protection of archive and library resources: Proceedings of the scientific conference 13-14.10.2008, Krakow. pp. 81-95.
Dobrusina S.A., Lobanova N.A., Volgushkina N.S. On the issue of improving the process of neutralizing paper books using CSC BOOK SAVER technology. //Safety and accessibility of cultural and historical monuments. Modern approaches: Materials of U1 international scientific and practical conference, October 20-22, 2009 / RNB, St. Petersburg. pp. 177-185.
Dobrusina S.A., Lobanova N.A., Podgornaya N.I. Optimization of the technology of mass neutralization of the acidity of paper CSC BOOK SAVER.//Actual problems of preserving archival, library and museum funds dedicated to the memory of D.P.
S.A. Dobrusina, N.A. Lobanova, N.I. Podgornaya. Influence of specific features of SCS BOOK SAVER mass neutralization technology on document paper properties. //Research in the conservation of cultural heritage. Issue 3. Materials of the international scientific and methodological conference, November 9-10, 2010, Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, GosNiir, Moscow, pp. 85-94./

Specialty HAC RF05.25.03
Number of pages 207

Chapter 1. Preservation of collections as a library problem

1.1. Issues of ensuring the safety of funds in the works of domestic library scientists.

1.2. Experience in scientific, methodological and practical activities to ensure safety in Russian libraries.

Chapter 2

2.1. Analysis of the results of a survey of the preservation of collections in the libraries of the system of the Russian Academy of Sciences.:.:.:.

2.2. Forms and methods of preventive conservation.

Chapter 3. Technology for introducing phase conservation in the Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences

3.1. Development and main directions of the program.

3.2. Some results of the program implementation.

Recommended list of dissertations

Preservation of Library Collections: Biological Aspects 1999, candidate of pedagogical sciences Skvortsova, Olga Vladimirovna
Development of library science in the Ukrainian SSR (1917-1941) 1984, candidate of pedagogical sciences Lonely, L.P.
The specifics of the formation of a single fund in the centralized library associations of the Russian Academy of Sciences 1999, candidate of pedagogical sciences Gosina, Lyudmila Igorevna
"Imperial Russian Military Historical Society": ensuring the safety of documents and prospects for use: From the Archive of the Military Historical Museum of Artillery, Engineer Troops and Signal Corps 2000, candidate of culture. Sciences Uspenskaya, Svetlana Vasilievna
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Introduction to the thesis (part of the abstract) on the topic "Preventive conservation as a promising direction for ensuring the safety of scientific libraries"

Society is always responsible to future generations for the preservation of the world's cultural heritage. This provision is especially relevant in our time, when, on the one hand, there is a deep understanding of the enduring value of historical and cultural monuments that have come down to us, and on the other hand, the danger of their destruction is increasing due to the constantly deteriorating major cities environmental conditions, economic and political instability, cases of vandalism and neglect of documents, as well as because of the often simplified access to them.

Libraries, no matter what values they store, are called upon to provide access to them, to provide them to the user. Therefore, it is objectively necessary to perform contradictory functions: storing cultural and historical monuments and at the same time providing access to them for current and future generations. We must remember that that libraries are institutions bearing direct material, professional and moral responsibility to future generations for the preservation of the achievements accumulated by mankind.

Documents stored in libraries are mostly made on paper and are gradually destroyed in the process of storage and use. Natural aging, violations in the mode of storage, inaccuracy of readers, emergencies caused by both accidents and natural disasters are the main reasons for the loss of library monuments. Therefore, the issues of ensuring their safety have become a separate branch of scientific research by library scientists, biologists, chemists and other specialists.

It is no coincidence that the issues of the preservation of collections are increasingly becoming the subject of special library studies. Knowledge and experience in preserving and restoring the values of culture and art turn out to be very significant when society comes to understand the need to create effective means and methods to ensure the preservation of cultural heritage for contemporaries and future generations.

In recent decades, priorities have been given to forms of preventive conservation that allow maximizing the preservation of as many documents as possible with minimal interference with the structure of the documents themselves, and, accordingly, achieving the most economical form of work. In Russia, preventive conservation as an independent area of activity in the field of ensuring the safety of library collections began to be dealt with relatively recently.

Looking back at the history of the problem, studies of the conservation benefits of prevention have been only anecdotal. L. B. Khavkina and Yu. V. Grigoriev were among the first domestic library scientists who included in their scientific interests the study of the implementation of preventive measures in ensuring preservation. The problems of the effectiveness of preventive measures in their studies were also affected by such scientists as A.M. Chukaev, Yu.N. Stolyarov, V. Pleonov and others.

A great contribution to the study of this scientific subject was made by the works of the conservation departments of large libraries: the Russian State Library, the Russian National Library, the All-Russian State Library for Foreign Literature, the Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences, as well as the Laboratory for the Conservation and Restoration of Documents of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Theoretical and practical matters preventive conservation were developed by chemists and biologists: Yu.P. Nyuksha, D.P. Erastov, S.A. Dobrusina, O.I. Perminova, Z.P. Dvoryashina and others.

The very concept of "preventive conservation" was introduced into the practice of preservation by foreign researchers in the late 80s and early 90s. our century. The greatest contribution to the development of this direction was made by specialists from the Institute of Conservation named after V.I. P.Getty (USA), Northeast Document Conservation Center (USA), as well as J. Banks (Canada), P. Waters (USA), R. Harvey (Australia), A.Giovanini (Switzerland).

But, unfortunately, the complex of library science problems to ensure the safety of collections and, in particular, preventive conservation was considered by various specialists in isolation, without the active participation of library workers.

Despite the increased interest in the problem of preventive conservation, many aspects of this process have not yet been studied enough; it is necessary to combine the intellectual efforts of specialists working in different areas of librarianship. Until now, the place and significance of the forms of preventive conservation in modern library science has not been determined. In Russia, there is no systematic training of specialists of various levels on the issues of preventive conservation. The existing experience of the practical activities of libraries in this regard has not yet been essentially studied, generalized and analyzed.

The degree of development and the specific features of the problem determined the setting of the goal of this dissertation research: to expand the scope of research activities of libraries by including a range of issues on preventive conservation in library science; to show the importance of this direction in ensuring the safety of historical and cultural funds on the example of a large universal library - the Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

The object of this dissertation work is the preservation of the historical and cultural funds of scientific libraries, recorded on traditional media.

The subject of the study is the forms and methods of preventive conservation that ensure the safety of library collections and the possibility of their use.

Preventive conservation is a system of measures that provides comprehensive protection of documents, aimed at slowing down the aging process by creating and maintaining standard storage conditions and using phase preservation. Phase conservation as a form of preventive preservation means that documents are placed in microclimatic containers made of acid-free cardboard or inert material.

The purpose, object, subject of the study led to the formulation and solution of the following tasks of the dissertation work:

1. To study and summarize the results of the work of domestic and foreign scientists and specialists on the importance of preventive measures in ensuring the safety of library collections.

2. Analyze and evaluate the state of preservation of library collections in Russia on the example of the libraries of the system of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

3. Justify the importance of preventive conservation in general and phase conservation, in particular, at the present stage.

4. To develop a technology for introducing phase conservation as a form of preventive conservation and, on its basis, to propose a Model Program for libraries and archives in Russia.

5. Summarize the experience and summarize the results of the introduction of phase conservation in the Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

The methodological basis of the study was the ideas and provisions formulated in the works of leading Russian and foreign librarians and specialists in ensuring the safety of documents. Significantly strengthened the methodological basis on which the study of this problem is based, the theoretical guidelines and conceptual conclusions contained in the works of L.Z. Amlinsky, E.P. Vasilenko, Yu.V. Grigorieva, Z.P. Dvoryashina, S.A. Dobrusina, G.A. Kislovskaya, K.B. Lavrova, V.P. V. G. Nosova, Yu. P. Nyuksha, O. I. Perminova, V. F. Sakharov, E. V. Starova, Yu.

L.V. Trapeznikova, V.I. Tereshina, L.B. Khavkina, O.S. Chubaryan, A.M. Chukaev, V.V. M.-T. Varlamof, W.Wachter, M.Smith, P.Waters, K.Haris, R.Harvey, D.Etherington, and others.

The study used statistical and sociological methods including questionnaires and interviews.

The base of the study was the funds of the Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences: the Baer fund, the collection of printed and handwritten books of Peter I, the fund of foreign manuscripts, the Slavic fund, the incunabula fund, the Struve fund.

The scientific novelty of the study lies in a comprehensive study of the issues of preventive conservation, which have not previously been the subject of independent research. At the same time: based on the results of the study, the concept of preventive conservation, as well as its forms and methods, was proposed; substantiated criteria for selecting documents for transfer to the form of phase storage; a technology has been developed for implementing phase conservation in libraries of various types and archives.

The practical significance of the work lies in the development of the Program for the introduction of phase conservation. The results of the study can be used by specialists in drawing up plans to eliminate the consequences of emergency situations. The materials of the dissertation can be useful in the preparation of library staff of medium and higher qualifications.

Approbation of work. The main provisions and conclusions of the study were reported and discussed at international conferences: "Preservation of cultural values and natural disasters: International cooperation with the Library of the USSR Academy of Sciences" (Leningrad, 1990), "Preservation of cultural heritage: an international imperative" (Leningrad, 1993). ), "BAN: 10 years after the fire" (St. Petersburg, 1998), "Libraries and associations in a changing world: New technologies and new forms of cooperation1* (Crimea, 1998 and 2000); at an international seminar on on Preventive Preservation by Blackmon-Mooring Steamatic catastrophy (Fort Worth, Texas, USA, 1991) at the Third Annual Seminar on Preventive Preservation and Cultural Preservation: "Storage of Artifacts in Small Sealed Volumes" ( St. Petersburg, 1994); at the international training seminar "Libraries and archives in extreme situations" (St. Petersburg, 1995); at the All-Russian meeting of heads of federal and central libraries subjects of the Russian Federation "State policy in the field of conservation of library funds" (St. Petersburg, 2000), at scientific and practical conferences held at the Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences (1989, 1991, 1994), and are also reflected in the author's publications.

Implementation of work results. The results of the dissertation research were implemented in the Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Baer's fund, Peter I's personal library, the incunabula fund, the fund of foreign manuscripts, the Slavic fund), and were also used in the aftermath of a fire in the library of the Pulkovo Observatory. The introduction of the technological process of phase conservation was carried out in the memorial library of the Vorontsovs of the Alupka Palace and Park Reserve, the St. Petersburg Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Provisions for defense

1. Preventive conservation as an effective form of preservation of library collections is aimed at slowing down the processes of their destruction, both as a result of natural aging and as a result of accidents, natural and environmental disasters.

2. Phase conservation as a promising form of preventive conservation enables libraries to preserve documents for a long time, to protect them from harmful effects environmental and mechanical damage, reduce the need for restoration and rationally spend money on preservation.

3. Typical phase conservation program designed to ensure the safety of collections in libraries different types, can be used during emergency response. The experience gained by the Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences in restoring and ensuring the safety of the fund damaged by the fire of 1988 confirmed this.

4. In the process of education and training of library workers of secondary and higher qualifications, it is necessary to include sections on preventive conservation within the framework of the course "Library Funds" in the curricula of library technical schools and library and information faculties of higher education institutions of culture.

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Conclusion

As a result of studying and analyzing a fairly extensive literature, different in nature and content, taking into account the practical experience of the author, a number of generalizations and conclusions can be drawn.

First of all, it should be noted that the process of ensuring the safety of library collections is an extremely complex and complex problem, covering many aspects of library activities.

In Russia to late XIX in. the basic prerequisites for the emergence of library science as a science have already been formed: the main ideas and certain ideas about the library and librarianship have been formed. This, in turn, was a theoretical justification for the problems of preserving library collections, which, in our opinion, were first touched upon, and within the framework of general issues of library science, by E.V. Balobanova, P.M. Bogdanov, V.I. Sobolytsikov and N.A. Rubakin.

In the future, the study of security issues has become more specific. And already in scientific papers in library science L.B. Khavkina, Yu.V. Grigoriev, A.M. Chukaev, Yu.N. Stolyarov, V.P. At the same time, of course, the works of each of these scientists have their own character traits and features of the "creative laboratory", some rather subjective assessments and conclusions. However, all of them throughout their scientific activity convincingly proved and continue to prove that it is much easier and more effective to carry out preventive measures than to carry out emergency measures to combat the onset of a disaster and eliminate its consequences.

It should be noted that whatever problems of library science are solved by scientists, they in one way or another relate to the issues of preservation. Interesting in this direction are the works of N.S. Kartashov,

O.S. Chubaryan, A.N. Vaneev, V.V. Skvortsov and others; in the system of library fund formation - V.I. Tereshina, N.P. Vasilchenko, V.V. Shilova, I.V. Eidemiller, V.G. Security issues and problems of library disasters are raised by V.V. Shilov and V.G. Nosova. ON Kokoikina considers the problem of legal support for the safety of the library fund.

Features of the organization of buildings of scientific libraries in the aspect of servicing readers were studied by LZ Amlinsky. Serious issues of organizing a library building in the structure of library science were considered by K.B. Lavrova. The study of O.V. Skvortsova is devoted to the biological aspects of the problem of preserving library collections.

Thus, thanks to the scientific activity of leading domestic scientists, a sufficiently substantiated system of theoretical positions and views on the main problems of ensuring the safety of library collections has already developed in library science, a system of basic terms and concepts has been developed, on the basis of which a professional "language" of communication was created. librarians.

A detailed study and analysis of the main works of librarians made it possible to understand and evaluate state of the art problems, identify trends in historical continuity, establish an organic connection with the new terminological system, which includes a large number of foreign concepts.

The largest libraries in Russia - the RSL, RNL, VGBIL and BAN - are recognized centers of scientific, methodological and practical work to ensure the safety of library collections. It is these institutions, having sufficiently powerful conservation services and qualified personnel of curators, chemists, biologists, restorers, in to a large extent determined and continue to determine the level of work to ensure the preservation of cultural property in our country.

Over the past decades, materials reflecting the multifaceted nature of the problem of ensuring safety have attracted increased interest and are regularly covered in foreign and domestic scientific literature. The state of preservation of library documents in Russia - one of the most attention-grabbing aspects - is of great concern and concern to society.

Thus, according to data published in the literature, the restoration of documents stored in the Russian National Library (we are talking about a third of the total number of storage units) will take approximately 400 years. More than 1 million rare and valuable publications of the Russian State Library require the restoration of bindings, about 20 million sheets - the immediate restoration of paper, i.e. it will take 500 years to restore the funds of the RSL. According to our calculations, it will take 250 years to restore only the funds of the Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences that suffered from the fire in 1988.

In addition, the data obtained as a result of our scientific and practical work on assessing the state of preservation of the collections of libraries under the jurisdiction of the Russian Academy of Sciences indicates that the gap between the need for restoration and the real possibilities of performing these works continues to grow, both due to the aggressive impact environment, and an extremely weak material and technical base.

As a result, it was necessary to find such an effective and economical form of conservation that could cover huge arrays of documents with minimal funding.

Preventive conservation was the very complex of preventive measures, including phase conservation, which could ensure comprehensive reliability and constancy of the state of documents in the process of their storage and use.

It is important to understand that this most progressive method of increasing the life span of collections is associated with a high degree of slowing down the processes of destruction of materials, and not with physical impact on documents for the purpose of their subsequent restoration. In this regard, preventive conservation plays almost the same role in relation to library materials as preventive medicine in relation to people. The medical axiom "it is easier to prevent a disease than to treat it" perfectly reflects the essence of this direction of ensuring the safety of funds.

The importance and necessity of the research carried out in the Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences lies in the fact that as a result of the introduction of phase conservation as a preventive form, a Standard Program for libraries of various types was developed. It provides for the following activities: study of the composition and physical condition of documents; systematic examination of the conditions of storage of funds; development and creation of an information database; organization of the technological process of phase conservation; physical-chemical and biological processing of documents; development of methodological and normative-technological documentation; training of qualified staff-custodians.

In the dissertation research, an attempt was made to summarize the results of scientific works of domestic and foreign experts, as well as the practical experience of libraries in terms of preventive measures in ensuring the safety of library funds.

Thus, based on the above, the following conclusions can be drawn:

1. The history of studying the issues of preventive conservation (preventive measures) has traditionally been considered by domestic library scientists as library science. In modern library science, the necessary theoretical prerequisites have been formed to substantiate the phenomenon of preventive conservation.

2. The study made it possible to carry out a multi-aspect analysis of the state of preservation in the libraries of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The ways of introducing preventive conservation into the practical activities of scientific libraries have been developed and determined.

3. A typical phase conservation program opens up opportunities for libraries of various types to ensure the preservation of documents for a long time, protect them from the harmful effects of the environment and mechanical damage, reduce the need for restoration and rational spending of funds.

4. To improve the qualifications of library specialists, it is advisable to include in educational plans study of issues of preventive conservation. This will help to obtain both theoretical and practical knowledge and average skills educational institution, and more in-depth - in higher. At the same time, it is possible to introduce a new specialization "Librarian - for the management of the preservation of funds" at the university.

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Please note that the scientific texts presented above are posted for review and obtained through original dissertation text recognition (OCR). In this connection, they may contain errors related to the imperfection of recognition algorithms. There are no such errors in the PDF files of dissertations and abstracts that we deliver.

Preventive Conservation as a Perspective Direction for Safeguarding the Collections of Scientific Libraries Belyaeva Irina Mikhailovna. Conservation of Library Collections National Program for the Preservation of Library Collections

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