To achieve this goal, the following tasks are supposed to be solved:

1. Using a number of tests, to determine the level of development of speed abilities in students of the Children's and Youth Sports School in the city of Omutninsk, Kirov Region.

2. Determine the level of development of speed abilities by testing the students of the Children's and Youth Sports School No. 2 in the city of Kirov.

3. Spend comparative analysis the level of speed abilities of students in both groups.

Research methods

To solve the tasks, we used following methods research:

1) analysis of scientific and methodological literature;

2) pedagogical observation;

3) testing;

4) pedagogical experiment;

5) methods of mathematical statistics

Analysis of scientific and methodological literature

When studying and analyzing literary sources on this issue, the main components of speed abilities and factors determining their development were identified. The age and forms of manifestation of speed and speed of movement in schoolchildren were determined. Also, attention was focused on the work on the development of basic physical qualities during training in sprinting: speed, strength, endurance. Works containing information on sports physiology, biomechanics, psychology, theory and methods of physical education were of considerable interest.

We also studied the literature summarizing the experience of teachers, coaches and athletes on the issues of sports training of sprinters.

Pedagogical supervision

At all stages of the research work, the method of pedagogical observations was used. The object of these observations was training sessions with children.

By observation, it was necessary to identify how the level of development of speed abilities in students of 11-13 years old at the Youth Sports School changed during the training process.

To record the results of observation, various methods and techniques were used, both with and without the use of technical means.

Testing

Test - translated from of English language means test.

Testing - a system for using tests in accordance with the task, organizing conditions, performing tests by subjects, evaluating and analyzing results.

When selecting tests that reveal the level of development of speed abilities, we were guided by the basic requirements, according to which the exercises should be:

1) fairly simple and accessible to all subjects that do not require long preliminary training;

2) varied.

During the study, the following tests were used: to determine speed abilities:

1) measurement of reaction time - "gymnastic stick";

2) tapping test;

3) running 30 m from a low start;

4) running in place for 5 seconds.

Measurement of reaction time - "gymnastic stick".

In the initial position, the researcher holds it vertically by the upper end, and the subjects are controlled by an open brush by the lower end. After the command "Attention!" the subject must catch the falling stick as quickly as possible. The speed of reaction is determined by the smallest distance from the first grip to the final (see).

Tappingtest.

The frequency of hand movements was assessed using the simplest method - tapping test. The subject had to for 5 seconds. Put as many dots as possible in a 2 x 2 cm square. Result: number of dots, i.e. hand movements in 5 sec.

Running 30 meters from a low start.

At the command "Start!" of the subjects takes the starting position: the push leg is in front, the fly leg is behind, lowered to the knee. The body is straightened, the head is straight in relation to the body.

At the command "Attention!" the subject straightens his legs, separates the knee behind the standing leg from the track. Moves the body's GCM up and forward. Trunk - straight. The pelvis rises above shoulder level.

On command "March!" the student rushes forward.

Result: running time of a segment of 30 m. (sec.)

Run in place for 5 seconds.

On a signal, the subject seeks, as often as possible, to alternately touch the suspended rubber cord with his knees. The cord is hung horizontally at a height making a right angle with the thigh of the subject's raised leg.

Result: the number of leg movements in 5 seconds.

Pedagogical experiment

The pedagogical experiment was the main research method that was carried out in natural conditions. The experiment was aimed at identifying the effectiveness of methods for developing speed abilities in various youth sports schools.

For greater objectivity in expressing the results of a pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics were used when processing its indicators.

The main stages of the experiment are given in section 2.3. Organization of the study.

Organization of the study

The studies were carried out in natural conditions on the basis of Children's Youth Sports School No. 2 in Kirov and Children's Youth Sports School in Omutninsk, Kirov Region.

Conducting the experiment - September 2009.

The experiment involved 30 boys aged 11 - 13 years, earlier.

Two groups were formed:

group "A" - students of the Children's and Youth Sports School No. 2 in Kirov,

group "B" - students of the Youth Sports School of Omutninsk, Kirov Region.

Conditionally, 4 main stages of the study were identified.

At the first stage, based on the results of the analysis of scientific and methodological literature, the choice of topic, object and subject of research was carried out. A goal was set, and tasks were selected for its successful solution. A scientific hypothesis was developed, as well as a testing methodology.

At the second stage of the study, groups were formed. The first test was carried out in both groups.

At the third stage, repeated testing, processing and analysis of the obtained data were carried out.

At the fourth stage - writing chapters term paper conclusions and practical recommendations were given.

The beginning of any research is associated with the collection and primary systematization of research materials. The methodology for collecting and studying literature sources provides for the solution of the following tasks:

Identification of literature sources on the research topic and their registration (drawing up a file cabinet);

Obtaining and studying literature with a critical understanding of its content;

Systematization and generalization of the collected data, culminating in a review of the literature on the research topic.

The main repositories of scientific and technical information are university libraries or state libraries. Therefore, in order to successfully search for literature, students need to correctly navigate the library collections. The corresponding catalogs, which are divided into three main types, can be of great help for targeted work in this regard:

Alphabetical,

Systematic,

Subject.

AT alphabetical catalog information about the literature available in the library is arranged in a single alphabetical order with the names of the authors or the titles of books (if the authors are not indicated in them).

Along with the alphabetic, widespread systematic catalogs. Description of the works in them are given by industry and science and technology.

A number of large scientific and technical libraries are creating subject catalogs. They reflect more specific issues and group descriptions of literature under the names of subjects in alphabetical order.

In addition to the main types of catalogs common above, one can also distinguish catalogs of periodicals received by the library, or catalogs of magazine and newspaper articles. When working with literature, it should be taken into account that the materials of journals and collections contain more recent data than books and monographs, since the latter take a long time to prepare and publish. At the same time, the material is studied in more detail in monographs and books.

To successfully search for the necessary literature in the library, you need to remember the following:

2. You are interested in a book on a particular branch of science - refer to the systematic catalog.

3. You need a book on some narrow, special issue (subject) - refer to the subject catalog.

4. You are interested in an article from a periodical - refer to the systematic or subject cards of magazine and newspaper articles.

Analysis of existing approaches to understanding the essence of information from the standpoint of pedagogy, psychology, philosophy, biomechanics contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the information support of research and methodological work in physical culture and sports.

Sources of information in the field of physical culture and sports can be divided into 9 groups:

Periodical scientific and methodical literature,

Non-periodical scientific and methodical literature,

Proceedings, collections, materials of conferences and seminars,

Research reports,

patent information,

Information literature, reference books, encyclopedias,

Planning and reporting documentation (according to GOST),

Other Non-Periodical Literature.

Our task is to teach a student or a young scientist to study and summarize scientific documents, which are divided into:

Text (books, magazines, reports, descriptions, abstracts, etc.),

Graphic (drawings, diagrams, graphs, diagrams, etc.),

Audiovisual (audio recordings, video recordings, movies, transparencies, slides, etc.).

Scientific documents are divided into primary and secondary. In works, and in the secondary - the results of analytical and synthetic activities and the logical processing of these results. Primary documents include: books, journals, reports, dissertations, translations. And to the secondary - reference books, encyclopedias, abstract publications, catalogs and indexes.

Scientific information functioning in the field of physical culture and sports, according to the content, can be represented as: ideological, conceptual, factual, methodical.

Worldview literature and information is currently under revision. The change in the social system in Russia, the return to universal values, the denationalization of the physical culture and sports movement - requires a detailed review of this literature.

Concept Literature reflects the fundamental provisions of the theory and practice of physical culture and physical education. This literature covers historical, socio-psychological, biomedical, pedagogical issues of physical culture and sports, as well as related issues (for example, the construction of sports facilities, the creation of high-quality equipment, etc.).

Conceptual literature can be divided into three groups:

Private subjects, physical culture and sports disciplines (theory and methodology of athletics, gymnastics and other sports, physical education in kindergarten, school, university);

Branch physical culture and sports disciplines (sports metrology, sports biomechanics, sports medicine, etc.);

Generalizing physical culture and sports disciplines (the history of physical culture, the Olympic movement, the theory of physical culture, the basics of sports training, etc.).

A novice researcher should pay special attention to the third group of literary sources. As a result of their study, the researcher receives conceptual, that is, fundamental and generalized knowledge about the phenomenon under study - physical culture and sports. The knowledge presented in this literature serves as a theoretical basis for any research.

Documentary sources of conceptual knowledge are textbooks, monographs, problematic and review articles in scientific journals, encyclopedias and other sources.

Methodological literature and documents are the results of processing, systematization, adaptation of the results of scientific research for their study in practice. Methodological literature is published under the titles: guidelines, guidelines, methodological developments, workshops. The methodological literature is characterized by specificity, consistency and validity of recommendations, training plans, work modes, etc. methodological literature in the field of physical culture and sports serves as a "bridge" between science and practice.

Educational literature

Training program- an educational and program publication that determines the content, volume, procedure for studying and teaching any academic discipline. Regulates both the activities of the teacher and academic work students. The curriculum reveals the goals and objectives of the discipline, its relationship with other subjects, the content of topics, indicates the time allotted for studying the main parts of the course, determines the areas and nature of knowledge, skills and abilities that the student must master as a result of studying the discipline, lists the types of educational classes, depending on the form of education, the range of literary sources necessary for the most complete mastery of the discipline is indicated. Volume - 1.0 p. l. (16 pages) and more.

Educational publications

Textbook- educational and theoretical publication containing a systematic presentation of the academic discipline (or part of it, section), corresponding to the curriculum and officially approved as this type of publication. The textbook is the main educational book on the discipline. It should reflect basic knowledge, determined by the didactic units of the State educational standard, which establish the main directions and aspects of the consideration of the subject, as well as the sequence of the material. The content of the textbook should include a description of the methods for obtaining and using knowledge in a particular area, the methodological foundations of the basic laws and patterns of functioning and development of the area of ​​knowledge or field of activity reflected in it, key problems and the most important trends in the development of this science. Volume - not less than 5 p.l.

Tutorial- educational and theoretical publication, partially replacing or supplementing the textbook and officially approved as this type of publication. Usually issued in addition to the textbook, it may not cover the entire discipline, but only one or more sections of the curriculum. Content study guide new more relevant material is included than in the textbook, since the manual is created more quickly, however, the material should be presented in line with the fundamental knowledge set forth in the textbook. Unlike a textbook, may include contentious questions demonstrating different points vision. Benefits can be addressed to both students and educators. Volume - not less than 5 p.l.

Lecture course- texts of lectures by one or more authors on individual topics or the course as a whole. Serves as a supplement to the textbook. In the course of lectures, the author's beginnings of the text are clearly manifested. In such materials, the text is personified and reflects the peculiarities of the language and style of the teacher of this training course. The originality of the author's text should not impede the perception of the main content of the educational material, and the lectures should correspond to the curriculum. The author reveals specific problems, raises controversial issues, argues his own position, which has a serious educational effect. Volume - not less than 6 p.l.

Lecture summary- shortened text of one lecture. It is usually supplied with methodological materials that help students expand information on the topic stated in the abstract. Volume - not less than 1.p.

Program and methodical literature

Workshop- an educational publication aimed at the formation and consolidation of skills, practical skills, training in the ways and methods of using theoretical knowledge in specific conditions. The workshop is aimed at mastering the forms and methods of cognition that are used in the relevant branch of science. They contain tasks and exercises of a practical nature that contribute to the assimilation of the theoretical course. A laboratory workshop may contain a theoretical part (for example, a description of the physics of the phenomena being studied). Volume - not less than 6 p.l.

Reader- a collection of texts illustrating the content of the textbook, it may include documents, literary works and fragments of them. An important place in the anthology is occupied by methodological instructions, which explain the features of the included text, reveal its connection with the educational material. Each text included in the anthology must be accompanied by a bibliographic description of the edition from which it is taken. Volume - not less than 6 p.l.

Collection of tasks (exercises)- educational and practical publication containing tasks (exercises) and answers to them in the scope of a certain course (or its section). It may also contain solutions to problems (exercises), methodological recommendations for them or tips. Volume - not less than 6 p.l.

Collection of foreign texts- educational and practical publication containing texts adapted by the compiler for study foreign language and methodological recommendations in the scope of a particular course. Volume - not less than 6 p.l.

Educational literature

Teaching aid- educational and methodical publication, which contains both theoretical information on academic discipline(or its section), and materials on the methodology of its independent study and practical development. Volume - not less than 5 p.l.

Methodical development - a publication similar in structure to a teaching aid, but narrower in topic and smaller in volume. Volume - not less than 1 p.l.

Guidelines- educational and methodical publication containing materials on the methodology of independent study or practical development by students of the academic discipline and preparation for testing knowledge. Guidelines may include requirements for the content, design and defense of term papers and theses. Instructions contain general characteristics discipline (goals, objectives of its study, a set of subjects on which it relies), as well as forms and methods and types independent work students (study of literary sources, lecture notes, preparation for practical classes, seminars, preparation of speech reports, etc.). Volume - not less than 1 p.l.

Training and metodology complex. The name of the genre has a double meaning: 1) a set of educational books (textbook + reader, manual + collection of exercises, etc.); 2) program and methodical publication, including the program and methodological materials for the course (lists of references, plans for seminars, control and measuring materials). Volume - not less than 3 p.l.

Scientific literature

Abstracts of reports (messages) of scientific conferences, congresses, symposiums- a subspecies of a non-periodical scientific publication containing preliminary materials: annotations, abstracts of reports and (or) messages. Usually released before scientific conference, congress, etc. so that the participants could get acquainted with the content of the presentations in advance and choose the most interesting ones for themselves, which is important, given the parallel work of the sections. Volume for one author - no more than 4 pages.

Materials of the conference (congress, symposium)- a non-periodic collection containing the full texts of reports, messages, speeches of participants, the results of discussions, recommendations, decisions taken at the conference, resolutions, resolutions. The volume is not limited.

Collection of scientific papers- a scientific publication containing articles with the results of research in the scientific and scientific and technical areas of the university. Periodically published collections include Scientific Notes, and Heralds. The volume of the Bulletin is no more than 10 p.l.

Monograph- a scientific book edition that fully and comprehensively explores a topic or problem and sums up their development in science by many scientists and specialists. A monograph may have one or more authors (collective monograph). Volume - not less than 7 p.l.

Dissertation abstract- a free informational publication of a small volume, in which the author of the dissertation sets out the main provisions of his research work, submitted for defense for competition degree candidate or doctor of science. The volume, design and structure of the abstract are determined in Russia by the instructions of the Higher Attestation Commission. A limited edition is sent according to the list to specialists and scientific institutions shortly before the defense. Volume - the abstract of the candidate's dissertation is not less than 1-1.5 pp; doctoral - 2-2.5 p.l.

Reference literature

Dictionary- a reference publication in the form of an ordered list of headwords - the names of reference objects - and reference information related to them. Volume - not less than 4 p. l.

Dictionary-reference- a dictionary, the articles of which contain not only definitions of concepts, but also reference information, calculated, unlike a dictionary, for practical references, and not encyclopedic ones. Volume - not less than 4 p, l,

Study Guide- an educational and reference publication containing reference information on a particular academic discipline (its part, section) or a set of disciplines provided for by the curriculum. Includes a set of information of an applied, practical nature. Volume - not less than 4 p. l.

memo- a reference book containing information on the systematization of a certain field of knowledge. Includes materials of a practical nature. Volume - not less than 1 p.l.

Empirical (practical) research methods in physical culture and sports

Analysis of scientific and methodological literature

Any qualifying work, regardless of its nature (experimental or abstract), begins with a review of the literature on the problem under study. This part of the preparation of the work is advanced (the study of literature should begin even in the process of choosing the topic of the final qualifying work, whether graduate work, bachelor's or master's thesis) due to several circumstances. First, before writing a work, you need to understand what has already been written, done by others. Only then it becomes clear what has not yet been done on the topic of the work (scientific disputes are ongoing; different scientific concepts and ideas collide; what is outdated; what issues have not been resolved) and the student himself must create. Secondly, while working on information materials it turns out what can and should be creatively borrowed from the works of other authors and transferred to their own work as a kind of base used for comparison and opposition. Thirdly, they find numerical data in literary sources that are necessary to illustrate their work, to carry out various assessments and calculations. And, finally, the analysis of the works of other authors on the topic chosen by the student must inevitably be present as an integral part of the final qualifying work. In addition, the analysis of literary sources is the main method of research in abstract works.

As a result, according to literary sources, it is necessary to clearly imagine everything that is relevant to the problem under study;

• - its staging
• - history,
• - the degree of development,
• - research methods used, etc.

It must be remembered that research work - this is

First of all, a generalization of already available information.

Starting the selection and study of literary sources, the student finds himself in a boundless sea of ​​information, in which it is easy to drown. What to do?

It makes sense to study a thesis, a monograph, a journal, an article in which there are references to the literature used, and then there may be " chain reaction» expansion of the search, during which each new source expands the range of ideas about publications on the topic of future work. Another, more simplified, approach consists in the initial appeal not to the entire array of scientific information, but only to specialized journals (“Theory and Practice of Physical Culture”, “ Physical Culture at school”, “Bulletin of sports science”, etc.), abstracts of dissertations, other periodicals publishing information related to the physical culture industry of interest to the student. It is enough to leaf through similar publications over the past few years - and a good idea of ​​the current information field should be formed, in which sources of knowledge, various information and data on the problems of the forthcoming work are concentrated.

The study of literary sources requires, first of all, the selection of these sources for a specific research topic. For this purpose, bibliographic catalogues, bibliographic and abstract publications, branch information retrieval systems are widely used.

Valuable information is also contained in official documents. These are resolutions and decisions of policymakers, normative documents, statistical reports, etc.

Scientific and methodological literature and official documents, selected according to the research topic, are the basis for writing the chapter of the qualifying work "Analysis of Literary Sources", which precedes the presentation of one's own theoretical material.

A qualified analysis of literary sources requires certain rules for their search, an appropriate methodology for their study and note-taking.

Libraries are the main repositories of scientific and technical information. Students need to correctly navigate the library funds. For purposeful work in the review of literary sources, it is necessary to be able to use catalogs. Catalogs are divided into the following main types:

• - alphabetical;
• - systematic;
• - subject.

In the alphabetical catalog, information is arranged in a single alphabetical order with the names of the authors or the titles of books (if the authors are not indicated in them). Literature published in a language with Latin script, as a rule, is located after publications in Russian.

Systematic catalogs are also widespread. Descriptions of works in them are given by branches of science and technology. Departments and subdivisions in systematic catalogs are built from the general to the particular.

The third type is subject catalogs, which reflect more specific issues and group literature descriptions under the names of subjects in alphabetical order.

You can also select catalogs of periodicals received by the library, or catalogs of magazine and newspaper articles.

It should be noted that the materials of journals and collections contain more recent data, since books and monographs take a long time to prepare and publish. At the same time, the material is presented in more detail in books and monographs.

To successfully search for the necessary literature in the library, you need to remember the following:

• 1. If the title of the book or its author is known, refer to the alphabetical catalog.
• 2. Need a book on a particular branch of science - refer to the systematic catalog.
• 3. If necessary, use the literature on a narrow, special issue (subject) - we turn to the subject catalog.
• 4. Interested in an article from a periodical - refer to systematic or subject cards of magazine and newspaper articles.

Stages of reading. Whatever the nature of reading, some stages can be conditionally distinguished in it. It is advisable to start reading the book with the table of contents. This will allow you to determine its content, to understand which sections you need to familiarize yourself with first. The imprint of the book will help to evaluate its modernity, reliability, nature of the publication (educational, scientific, popular, etc.). The abstract and the preface will make it possible to navigate the main content of the book, to separate the main from the secondary, to understand the author's ideas and the critical view of them expressed by leading scientists presenting this book to readers.

Starting to read the main material in the book, you need to write out all unfamiliar words and terms in a special dictionary and immediately find an explanation for them. When reading a book for the first time, it is necessary first of all to understand the content of the work as a whole, to understand the main thoughts of the author.

The researcher must master the technique of processing literary and documentary information and maintaining a file cabinet on the research topic. The following forms of work on literary sources are recommended:

• - annotation - drawing up an annotation, i.e. extremely summary the content of the material with a critical assessment;
• - note-taking - a consistent summary of the work;
• - summarizing and reviewing - a statement of the essence of any issue with a critical statement of the author;
• - selections and notes - extracts from materials, sometimes accompanied by comments.

Rational reading helps to better cope with the flow of information. For effective processing of the corresponding source, a five-step rational reading method is used.

• 1. Overview - what information does the book, monograph, brochure, etc. carry?
• 2. Asking questions. Is it new or already known information? Which chapters are important? etc.
• 3. Reading - target perception of the material.
• 4. Generalization of the text. Make sure you understand the material.
• 5. Repeated reading with extracts.

The main task of writing out is the "withdrawal" of important thoughts, ideas, formulations, etc. They resort to it when they want to use excerpts from the text in the preparation of reports, articles and other works. The basic principle of writing out is only the most essential and in the shortest form. There are three types of statements:

• - verbatim, with an exact indication of the source and correct reproduction of the excerpt (now it can be replaced by photocopying);
• - extract by meaning, where the author's thought is conveyed in his own words;
• - concise - a brief record of the most important theses, ideas of the text.

Literary sources include textbooks, teaching aids, monographs, popular science books, articles in scientific and methodological journals (primarily in such journals as "Physical culture at school", "Theory and practice of physical culture", "Physical culture. Education, upbringing , training", magazines of sports federations), collections of scientific papers, materials scientific congresses, scientific and practical conferences, etc.

The study of psychological and pedagogical scientific and methodological literature, manuscripts, archival materials, materials on magnetic and other media containing facts characterizing the history and state of the art of the object under study, serves as a way to create initial ideas and the initial concept about the subject of research, its aspects and connections, to detect gaps, ambiguities in the development of the problem chosen for study. A thorough study of the literature helps to separate the known from the unknown, fix the already developed concepts, established facts, accumulated pedagogical experience, and clearly outline the boundaries of the subject of research.

Work on literature begins with the compilation of a bibliography - a list of works to be studied, their list, a scientific description, and the necessary indexes. The bibliography usually includes books, textbooks, educational and teaching aids, journals, articles in collections of scientific and methodological works, abstracts on different levels conferences, monographs, abstract reviews, abstracts of dissertations, etc.

In order to cover the main literature in the chosen area of ​​research, when working in the library, the two most common types of catalogs (lists of literary sources compiled in a certain order) are used: systematic and alphabetical. In the first one, the literature is arranged by problems or sciences, in the second - alphabetically (by the author's last name or the title of a collective monograph, textbook or teaching aid). Along with these sources, one can refer to reference and bibliographic indexes, electronic library catalogs, information about published literature and reviews of it, as well as reference and bibliographic apparatus of books available to the researcher himself.

Information about literature is usually written out on clearly and correctly completed cards (standard size 7.5x12.5 cm), or they can be compiled into a separate file and stored in the computer's memory. It is important to accurately indicate the author or editor of the book, article, brochure; title and year of publication; publisher, volume, issue and edition number. If you want to use individual quotes, then the pages on which they are given. It is also useful to indicate the bibliographic code of the publication.

Primary acquaintance with the literature and other sources should give an idea of ​​the problems, the main content of a particular work. For this it is useful to first read the annotation, introduction, table of contents, conclusion, and skim the content of the source. After that, the method of working out the publication is determined: careful study with notes; selective study, accompanied by extracts; general introduction to annotation, etc.

For analytical work, the system of records is different - here the provisions, methods, theses, ideas of interest to the researcher are recorded on separate sheets with the appropriate columns: the name of the source, the main concept or problem, the cited position or definition with the page indication, the cited person's own comments, etc. The same the most can be done using a separate file (files) in the computer for this.

The results of this work are systematized in accordance with the structure scientific work. When studying the literature, special attention should be paid to the basic concepts that will be used in the study. They must be clear and unambiguous.

The results of working with the literature on each issue under study should preferably be presented in the form of thematic reviews, abstracts, reviews and other sources that set out the main scientific positions of interest to the researcher. At the same time, it is important to reveal the existing contradictions in the approaches to the problem under study, to identify coinciding and non-coinciding points of view on the subject of research, developed provisions, and unclear and controversial issues that exist in them. It should be noted that the author of each work introduces a new one into the study of the problem, what original approaches and solutions he offers, what is their scientific novelty, theoretical and practical significance. At the same stage, it is advisable to express and fix your attitude to the author's positions, to the conclusions obtained by the researchers.

Often, when analyzing a problem under study, it is necessary to involve handwritten materials along with printed materials. These are dissertations on the research topic, the description of the content of which is given in special abstracts, as well as research reports. Along with them, materials of historical and current archives can be widely used, which contain reports, minutes of meetings, acts of inspections, transcripts of speeches, reports and messages on the issues under study for certain historical stages in the development of the education system. The sources of factual materials are various current documentation of educational institutions (work plans, reporting and accounting documentation, orders and orders of managers, audit logs, etc.).

When studying any materials related to the subject of research, it is important to clearly define the goals and, in accordance with them, select indicators for data collection, choose the methods for their presentation (tables, graphics, thematic reviews and samples, etc.).

The study of literature and various kinds of sources continues throughout the study. Newly discovered facts encourage rethinking and evaluating the content of already studied books and documents, stimulate attention to issues that have not previously been given due attention, and allow reflecting on the analytical activity of the researcher himself. Solid documentary base scientific work- an important condition for its objectivity and depth.