The role of jargon in the Russian language (research work)

Results of the study and their discussion.

Jargon - this is a special sociolect that arose from the language of the peddlers-ofenei, which is distinguished by specific vocabulary, phraseology and expressiveness of turns. Two main varieties is professional jargon and youth slang. Jargons carry out three functions : communicative, expressive, contact - which contribute to the rapid exchange of information, establishing contact with the interlocutor and expressing one's emotions. In addition to everyday speech, jargon is used in fiction as a means of creating an image, mostly negative. This has been proven in the course of a detailed study of some literary works Russian writers, where I found examples of the use of jargon. People use jargon for a variety of purposes, and most agree that there are both pros and cons to jargon (according to my survey).

Pros: jargon contributes to the self-expression of the individual and emphasizes individuality; slang expressions shorten phrases while retaining their meaning; emotionally color speech and contribute to the expression of feelings; help to establish contact with peers; jargon does not require careful selection of words in an informal setting.

Minuses: jargon may not be understood by some groups of people; clog our speech, replacing literary expressions; are the cause of a poor vocabulary; applicable not in all life situations; not acceptable in the official language; some people, not knowing the meaning of jargon, use them in the wrong way.

Information about jargon taken from Internet resources and literature on this topic is confirmed by the results of a survey in which 44 schoolchildren, 40 adults and 20 teachers participated.

As a result of the study, the following conclusions: 1. Jargon can influence both positively and negatively on different aspects of a person's life, which is confirmed by the information studied and the survey I conducted.

2. Jargon enriches our speech and contributes to informal communication, but at the same time they distort speech and replace literary words, which explains why some people have poor vocabulary and why they are so illiterate.

CONCLUSION

First, are jargon really that bad, and is it really necessary to avoid using it? Yes and no. Having analyzed the functions of jargon and conducted surveys of the population, I came to the conclusion that jargon can influence both positively and negatively on different aspects of a person's life. This means that in some situations their use should be avoided, and in some it is not necessary, sometimes their use is prohibited, and sometimes it is quite acceptable. The main thing is to feel the line between what is acceptable and what is not.

Jargon is a special sociolect that arose from the language of the pedlars-ofenei, which is distinguished by specific vocabulary, phraseology and expressive turns. The two main varieties are professional jargon and youth slang. Jargons perform three functions: communicative, expressive, contact - which contribute to the rapid exchange of information, establishing contact with the interlocutor and expressing one's emotions. In addition to everyday speech, jargon is used in fiction as a means of creating an image, mostly negative. People use jargon for a variety of purposes, and most agree that there are both pros and cons to jargon.

Conclusion: It is impossible to unequivocally relate to the influence of jargon on speech, it is senseless to prohibit the use of jargon, but it is also impossible not to see the dangerous tendencies of jargonization of the literary language.

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"The role of jargon in the Russian language (research work)"

IX Scientific and practical conference urban scientific society of students

Jargonisms in Russian

Section: Russian language

MBOU Gymnasium No. 30, Grade 10 A

G. Ulyanovsk, st. Generala Melnikova d. 8 bldg. 1 sq. 114, 89278081078

Scientific adviser:

Moskaeva Elena Alexandrovna,

MBOU gymnasium No. 30,

teacher of Russian language and literature

Ulyanovsk,

2016

INTRODUCTION 3

1.1. Types of jargon 5

1.2. Functions of jargon 6

2.1. History reference. The emergence of jargon 8

2.2. Jargon in Literature 9

3.1. Study of the speech of the population. Poll results 11

3.2. Pros and cons of jargon 13

CONCLUSION 15

LITERATURE 17

APPENDIX 18

Introduction

Currently, the use of jargon in modern society is becoming an urgent problem. Every day, millions of people exchange information, share their thoughts and ideas. And it has long become an integral part of the life of any person. However, our speech is gradually being destroyed. Some people often stop understanding others or do not understand as they should. One of the reasons is the appearance in the Russian language of the so-called jargon. I decided to work on this topic and find the causes of this problem. And to begin with, it is necessary to define the words "jargon" and "jargon".

So, jargon is a sociolect (social dialect); differs from the common language in specific vocabulary and phraseology, expressiveness of phrases and the special use of word-formation means, but does not have its own phonetic and grammatical system. Slang words or expressions are called " jargon ". The following definition is given in Ozhegov's dictionary: "jargon is the speech of some social or other group united by common interests, containing many words and expressions that are different from the common language, including artificial, sometimes conditional." The constant formation of new social groups and societies means that the appearance of jargon words in speech is an inevitable phenomenon, since the jargon vocabulary is built on the basis of the literary language through rethinking, metaphorization, reshaping, sound truncation, etc., as well as the active assimilation of foreign words and morphemes, which in turn are quite logical and regular processes. This statement calls into question the problem of the negative impact of slang words on the speech of various social groups. The question arises: are jargon really so bad, and is it really necessary to avoid using them? Therefore, it would be appropriate to make two assumptions here. First, jargon enriches our speech and facilitates informal communication. Second, jargon distorts speech and replaces literary words, which explains why some people have a poor vocabulary and why they are so illiterate. So which assumption is correct?

After thinking about this question, I decided to start working on the project. And so I identified some characteristics.

Target: to prove both the negative and positive influence of jargon on the speech of adolescents and representatives of other age groups.

To achieve this goal, I have identified several tasks:

Define the terms jargon and jargon.

Determine the types and functions of jargon.

To study the history of the origin and emergence of jargon in the Russian language.

Find examples of the use of jargon in Russian literature.

Conduct a survey of people to find out their opinion on the identified problems and issues.

To identify the pros and cons of using jargon in modern speech.

Subject of study: youth jargon and Russian literature.

Research methods:

theoretical (study of material, electronic resources and literature on the topic);

practical (survey and generalization of results).

CHAPTERI

1.1 Types of jargon

On the this moment scientists and philologists distinguish many groups and types of jargon, and it is probably very difficult to list them all. However, it can be said that the slang language is used by people from different social groups. These are people from the lower strata of society (thieves' jargon, the jargon of criminals, etc.), and the so-called "cream of society" (the jargon of politicians, musicians, etc.). In addition, youth jargon (youth slang) stands out, which combines the features of many other types of jargon, and is now one of the most common.

Even in those distant times, when the literary language was just emerging, the main "producer and supplier" of jargon was the youth. At all times, it was important for young people to have "their own language", incomprehensible to the uninitiated. Language served as an identifier - your own or someone else's? Can you trust or should you beware? In addition, when a child grew up and was actively involved in the life of society, he began to actively learn professional jargon, depending on the business he was doing. Thus, professional jargon is another type of jargon that has a great influence on modern language society. This is a kind of jargon used by a group of people united on a professional basis. In linguistic terms, professional jargon is characterized by expressiveness, the use of hypernyms instead of hyponyms ( car instead of "computer"), stylistic reduction ( bagel instead of "rudder"), the use of new word-formation models. But nevertheless, the subject of my research is precisely youth slang, since it is he, according to many experts, that has a detrimental effect on our speech. In any youth environment, slang is one of the ways of self-expression. Everyone goes through that age when the lexicon is clogged with various "words" that have nothing to do with normal speech.

Most of the elements in youth slang are various abbreviations and their derivatives, as well as English borrowings or phonetic associations. characteristic feature, which distinguishes youth slang from other types, is its rapid variability, explained by the change of generations.

1.2 Functions of jargon

So, we found out that jargon has a lot of varieties. And they are united by the fact that they have common functions. And in fact, they are the same as those of the spoken and literary language: communicative, expressive, contact.

The communicative function carries out the exchange of information, the transfer of information, facts. And in some cases it is easier and faster to do this in jargon, and not official.

The contact function aims to establish contact with the interlocutor. Some words of youth slang do not even carry any specific information, but they help to find a common language, help to start a conversation.

The expressive function comes to the fore in youth jargon, which involves not only the exchange of information, in contrast to communicative function, but also the exchange of feelings, emotions emanating from the speaker. The popularity of using slang words with a bright emotional coloring is explained by the fact that with their help you can briefly and concisely describe your physical, mental state, and even the whole situation. And the variety of meanings of youth slang expressions can be explained by the desire of its speakers to diversify their language, make it more expressive and, finally, show their individuality.

Thus, having described the main functions of jargon, we have identified the reasons for their use: the rapid exchange of information, establishing contact with the interlocutor and expressing one's emotions.

CHAPTERII

2.1 Emergence of jargon

The word jargon (fr. jargon) arose in French in the 12th century and originally meant "chirping". Then it began to mean "incomprehensible language", and even later - "spoiled language".

In Russia, jargons have also existed for a long time. They arose back in feudal Russia on the basis of the Russian language in special historical and social conditions. They were spoken by people who belonged to some social group and set as their goal to hide something from others, for example, professional secrets. These include horse dealers, tailors, shapovals, tinsmiths, whose conditional languages were preserved in late XIX century, and even at the beginning of the 20th century. From Vladimir Dahl's dictionary of the Offenian language, it is known that the jargon originated from the language of the Offen pedlars. Hence the other name of the jargon - fenya (to talk about a hair dryer). The language of the offen - small merchants - consisted of forms and words of the literary Russian language, distorted beyond recognition. In this way, the Ofeni exchanged information that was not intended for other people's ears. These merchants were a separate caste that needed a special, unique language to protect themselves and their goods. Another suggestion is that the jargon owes its origin to the ancient Athenian nation. This people consisted of a dozen ethnic groups. Their encrypted language has been passed down from parents to children for centuries. And he liked it so much ordinary people, which gradually began to be used by absolutely everyone.

In our time, a synonym for the word "jargon" - "slang" has become very popular. In fact, this is the same thing, however, the first option for modern people is more associated with the lexicon of the thieves' world, while slang is the developing and renewing language of the youth. In any case, the essence will not change from the name, jargon has been and will be the speech of a separate social or professional group, with a composition of words that is different from the commonly used one. Now it is taking on a new life, as evidenced by the fact that every year more and more jargon words are included in official dictionaries. This is a kind of recognition by the society of jargon as a "supplier" of neologisms for official language. Despite all attempts to bring popular jargon into classical speech, slang expands its zone of influence through the media and social networks.

As time goes by, the pace of life accelerates. modern man, and his vocabulary is growing. New concepts arise, which quickly find the word and take root in the minds of people. The literary language does not have time to add everything, since it takes years, which in modern world- eternity. That is why more and more people are turning to the concept of "jargon", trying to understand what it really is and where it came from in our lives.

2.2 Jargon in literature

Jargons are very unstable, they change relatively quickly and are a sign of a certain time, generation, and in different places the jargon of people of the same category may be different. Jargons have expression, therefore they are sometimes used in fiction as a means of creating an image, mostly negative. Some works of L. N. Tolstoy, A. I. Solzhenitsyn, V. M. Shukshin, D. A. Granin, Yu. M. Nagibin, N. G. Pomyalovsky and others can serve as examples. G. Pomyalovsky "Essays of the Bursa", which describes the Bursaks, that is, students of the spiritual educational institution; for example: "blended"(played on lips) "lupetka"(face), "bond"(steal), etc. Also, examples of jargon, as well as examples of the use of profanity, that is, obscenities, can be found in the poems of A. S. Pushkin, S. A. Yesenin. A copious amount of jargon is presented in Mikhail Bulgakov's excellent work Heart of a Dog. Already in the first paragraphs you can see examples: “Am I really devour advice National economy…» ( "I'll devour"- volume); "Do you ever look at him? giving birth...» ( "mug"- face). Other writers also used jargon. V. M. Shukshin in his work “Distant Winter Evenings” gives the following example: “... noisy children from early morning cut in grandma, where "cut" means "playing". Even more quotes can be taken from another work by the same author of "Demagogues": "The breeze ... shebarsheel in the bush" (that is, rustling), "Good wench was" ( "girl"- girl), "I answer him this, hear…" ("hear" means "hear"). However, not all writers found the use of jargon acceptable. Slang and slang words make up an insignificant percentage in relation to the vocabulary of the national language. against widespread penetration into the literature and colloquial speech slang and slang vocabulary has always fought the Soviet public. An ardent fighter for the correctness and purity of the Russian literary language was Maxim Gorky.

CHAPTERIII

3.1. The study of the speech of the population

To find out which of the assumptions put forward at the beginning of the work is correct, I conducted a survey of the population. (Appendix 1.) Among all the respondents, I identified three groups of people: school teachers, teenagers (school students), students and the older generation. The purpose of the survey was to find out whether people use jargon in their speech, how they feel about using jargon, and what, in their opinion, is the reason for using jargon.

Poll results

Of the 44 students of the senior and high school the majority (66%) admitted that they use jargon. The remaining 34% say that they do not use jargon or try not to use it. Of the 40 adults surveyed, 87.5% confirmed that they use jargon, and moreover, they cannot even imagine their speech without jargon. A similar phenomenon (the number of adults who use jargon is more than 20% higher than the number of children) proves the fact that professional jargon has a strong influence on the oral speech of people who have already decided on the choice of their profession. Among the teachers I interviewed, exactly half (50%) resort to the use of jargon, but, as they commented, they do this only in exceptional situations and only in the right company of people. Directly in educational process their speech is strictly formal, as the students and myself can attest. (Appendix 2, 3.)

Opinions differed as to the reasons for using these words. Moreover, if the difference in percentage between the answers of the older generation is relatively small, then almost half of the representatives of the younger generation (49.1%) answered that jargon is used to overcome the lack of words. 26.4% think that jargon makes oral and written speech clearer, 13.2% use jargon only because it is fashionable, the remaining 11.3% use jargon not because of a special semantic meaning, but just for connection words. As you can see, the majority believes that it is the lack of words that makes us introduce new words into the Russian language and use youth slang. This means that they understand the scope of the problem and the disadvantages of jargon.

Representatives of the older generation answered a little differently:

30% - jargon makes speech clearer,

15% is trendy

32.5% - for a bunch of words,

22.5% - to overcome the lack of words.

Teachers, especially those who avoid jargon even in Everyday life, believe that using slang teenagers better understand each other, so it is easier for them to exchange information. (Appendix 2, 4.) Immediately, several of the teachers even noted that slang is a language exclusively for young people and that it can only be used in their environment, since only they consider it fashionable.

Regarding the attitude towards jargon and its influence on the Russian language, the results of the survey are the same. Representatives of all three groups I have identified (59.1% of adolescents, 55% of adults, 71.4% of teachers) agree that jargon is as positive as it is negative. 36.4% of children, 20% of adults and 28.6% of teachers see only the negative impact of jargon. The rest try to look optimistically at the situation and highlight the exclusively positive qualities of jargon. It is important to point out here that none of the teachers answered the proposed question, that jargon has only a positive effect on speech. (Appendix 2, 5.) This, in turn, says that this group of people is more responsible for solving such problems.

3.2. Pros and cons of jargon

Since the results of the survey showed that most people highlight both positive and negative qualities jargon and slang expressions, it is necessary to note the specific pros and cons of their use. Let's start with the positives. First of all, jargon contributes to the self-expression of the personality and emphasizes its individuality. In modern society, this is extremely important, as everyone strives to stand out from the general crowd, so as not to be like anyone else. In addition, in order to join any group, a special circle of people, you need to be able to establish contact with peers. This is exactly what jargon helps, emotionally coloring speech and facilitating the expression of feelings. Some of the teenagers who took part in the survey answered that they use jargon because it is easier to communicate. Indeed, slang allows you to significantly reduce long phrases, while maintaining their meaning. And most importantly, jargon does not require careful selection of words in an informal setting.

Now cons jargon. They are obvious - slang clogs our language, makes it incomprehensible to the older generation. Also, some words or expressions may be incomprehensible to people living in different cities or regions of the country, since jargon tends to spread in certain territories, sometimes without going beyond them. Clogging our speech with slang causes another problem, namely the substitution of literary expressions. How more people use jargon, the less they speak literary artistic language. In turn, this leads to a certain problem: jargon is not applicable in all life situations. In certain circles of people, you can only speak in a literary or official business language, where slang is not acceptable. There are other downsides as well. For example, some people do not know the meaning of jargon and use it incorrectly. The main problem and a significant drawback, in my opinion, is the meager vocabulary of some people. Over time, the stock of words ceases to be replenished at all. Young people, even among their friends, with whom they have already established mutual language sometimes can't find the right words. But in the general account, the number of minuses and pluses is approximately equal.

CONCLUSION

So, in the conclusion of the work, I will return to the very beginning and answer the questions posed there, and also decide which of the assumptions put forward is correct.

Second, which of the hypotheses is correct? First, that jargon enriches our speech and contribute to informal communication, or second, that jargon distort speech and replace literary words? I concluded that both are true. Having given examples of jargon from fiction, having identified the pros and cons of youth slang, I cannot say that my assumptions are not correct, or only one of them is correct. On the contrary, both hypotheses are true, but each in its own way.

Of course, not all the features of jargon have been described in this work, because the topic is quite extensive and diverse, but I will try to summarize everything that has been said above.

Literature

Bulgakov M.A. Heart of a dog.

Gorshkov A.I. Russian literature. - Moscow, 2002.

Koporsky S.A. On the culture of language and speech of youth. Russian speech.-1991.-№1

Ozhegov S. I., Shvedova N. Yu. Dictionary Russian language. - Moscow: LLC "ITI TECHNOLOGIES", 2003.

Pomyalovsky N. G. Essays on Bursa.

Samotik L. G. Vocabulary of the modern Russian language. Tutorial.

Sholokhov M.A. Upturned virgin soil.

Shukshin V. M. Distant winter evenings.

Shukshin V. M. Demagogues.

http://en.wikipedia.org

http://ojargone.ru

http://book.com

http://literary.ru

http://teoremik.ru

Application

Attachment 1.

Do you use jargon in your speech?

What do you use jargon for?

Jargon makes speech clearer;

it is fashionable and modern;

jargon is needed for a bunch of words;

jargon helps to overcome the lack of words.

Project

"Jargonisms in the speech of schoolchildren"

Completed by: Dmitry Chumachenko, 6th grade student

MKOU "Re-Yurmytskaya secondary school" with. Novo-Yurmytskoye, Talitsky district, Sverdlovsk region

Head: Stafeeva Valentina Nikolaevna, teacher

Russian language and literature.

Introduction

Many words of the Russian language are known to the whole people.

These words are common, for example:water, earth, sky, bird; yellow, blue, long; run, think, talk.

Our everyday speech is primarily built from common words used by all Russian people, regardless of place of residence and profession.

In the children's fiction of the Soviet era is not given slang expressions. The heroes of Arkady Gaidar, Lev Kassil and other children's writers speak in a surprisingly correct literary language, which they hardly expressed in real life.

We decided to study the speech of modern schoolchildren. We set the following goals and objectives. And we tried to solve them.

Goals: a) observe the speech of students; b) identify jargon in students' speech; c) show the features of jargon. Tasks:

1) isolation and analysis thematic groups slang vocabulary;

2) determining the scope of the use of jargon;

3) consideration of jargon from the point of view of origin.

Hypothesis: jargon destroys our speech

Object of study:jargon schoolchildren.

Subject of study:lexico-semantic and thematic features of the slang vocabulary of schoolchildren.

Research methods:study of literature on the topic of research, analysis of schoolchildren's vocabulary, comparison, classification, generalization.

Novelty The work consists in the fact that it does not consider youth vocabulary as a whole, but the lexical features of the slang vocabulary of schoolchildren.

Chapter 1. Theoretical substantiation of the chosen topic. The concept of the term. Features of slang vocabulary.

First, consider the meaning of the term vocabulary.

Vocabulary (gr.lexikos - verbal)

The set of words that make up a language;

The vocabulary of the works of any author;

A set of words used in any field of activity.

What is youth slang?

Slang is a type of speech used mainly in oral communication by a separate relatively stable social group that unites people on the basis of profession or age.

From this definition it follows that slang is a kind of non-literary speech.

Young people created their own "systemic" slang as a linguistic gesture of opposition to the official ideology.

What is youth slang for?

If thieves have slang to help hide their thoughts and intentions, then school slang is not needed at all for this.

1. Slang makes speech more concise, emotionally expressive. (Let's compare the two expressions. In literary language: I get a strong pleasant feeling from this song. In slang: I just love this song!)

2. Slang serves as an identifying mark that this person belongs to this social environment. Rockers, punks, hippies, football fans - fans, etc. have their own slang.

Chapter 2

One of the groups of youth slang is jargon.

Slang vocabulary is characterized by limited use. It is a social variant of speech, called jargon, and is used in certain communication conditions.

Jargon is an affiliation of a social or other group of people, united by a commonality of interests, activities.

The vocabulary of the language is constantly changing. The general speech picture allows us to judge the level of culture of society.

Jargonization of speech is inherent not only in the Russian language, but also in many others. It arises in special conditions of life and communication of groups of people. You can talk about the language of hunters and fishermen, athletes and actors, about the language of students and schoolchildren.

In our project, we will consider school jargon.

Chapter 3

The first stage of the work was a survey of students of our school. The question was asked:

Why do you use jargon?

Answer options:

Fashionable, modern.

Needed in speech to connect words.

Help to overcome the lack of words.

Make speech easier for people to understand.

Other.

The survey had the following objectives: to determine the motives for the use of jargon, the circle of the most common of them; identify the presence or absence of the desire to do without slang.

67 people took part in the survey: 30 people from grades 5-7, 10 people from 8, 12 people from 9, 15 from 10-11.
The analysis of the questionnaires made it possible to identify the most common in the speech of schoolchildren:
Nounsgoof, dude, people, outfit, joke, bucket, down, theme, bazaar, bullshit, show-off, body, hawka, diskach, kopets, ball, freebie, cover.
Verbs: back off, back off, don’t whistle, drive, kill, hesitate, zadolbal, break off, count, go nuts, hurt yourself, joke.
Adverbs: cool, awesome, cool, sucks, broke, parallel, blue-violet.
Set phrases and sentences:there is no bazaar, get out of here, e-my, fir-trees, give a damn, nevermind yourself, I don’t know.

Chapter 4. Sources of slang.

The source of slang is the usual literary language. It's just that the meaning of individual words of normal speech is changed by schoolchildren.

Here are some examples explaining the etymology of slang words and expressions (from various sources):

a) New figurative meanings of words belonging to neutral vocabulary.

break off - get by chance, by pull.

Flashlight - record player. I recently broke off a flashlight.

sucks - bad, unsuccessful; sucky - bad. Your outfit sucks, bro!

Cool - good, cheerful. Cool movie, just trash.

(By the way, the word is very old, Dahl also has it: cool - good, pretty, beautiful. Cool bride.)

Steep - very good, wonderful, sometimes "strong". Cool guy Chuck Norris.

b) New figurative meanings of technical terms

Clone (from clone), the same scan - copied, written off. Is this your work or a clone?

Mobile (from mobile) - telephone, communication.

Samsa (from the abbreviation SMS) - a method of mobile communication.

glitch (verb to fail) - error, incompleteness in computer program. My printer is failing.

c) Words formed from foreign words

Krezanuty (from English craze) - crazy.

Wild (from German dick) - fat.

Phaser (from English father) - father.

Flat (from English flat) - house.

Chapter 5

In the vocabulary of school jargon, we have identified words thematically related to the following four areas:

1. scope of the school;

2. sphere of leisure;

sphere of life;
scope of assessment.

School sphere

The words of the first sphere can be divided into the following groups: names of teachers, names subjects, names of the realities of the educational process.

BUT) Names of teachers.

Algebroid - Algebra teacher.

Fizichka - teacher of physics.

hysterical - teacher of history.

Himose - teacher of chemistry.

Schizo - teacher of physics.

Dira is the director.

The teacher is a teacher.

b) Names of school subjects:

Fizra - physical education.

Litra - Literature

German - German language.

Geos - geometry, etc.

c) Names of the realities of the educational process:

Spur - cheat sheet.

Zubril is an excellent student.

Shamovochnaya - dining room.

Kamchatka, Chukotka - the last desks

Devnik is a diary.

Shipping is a long story.

Roll - write.

Fail - fail the exam.

Bend - lie.

2. Leisure area

The sphere of leisure includes such words as: video recorder, mafon, clipping, disk, disk player, pop, rock, pop, gop company, sidekick, hangout, swindle, swing, etc.

The words of this group are characterized by the predominance of words borrowed from other jargons, in particular the jargon of musicians. For example: clipping, mafon, gopata, pop, rock, pop, etc. (musical jargon);

Names of actions and states

Dump, fade, run away - run away.

Run over - find fault.

To trudge, to catch a buzz - to have fun

Break away, sausage, hang around, bulge - relax.

Stand on the lookout - guard.

Hang out, hang out, hang around - walk.

Dopetrit, kerf, stick - guess

3. The sphere of everyday life.

Words related to the sphere of everyday life can be divided into several groups:

A) words that name parts of the body:

Visa, melon, card - face;

Tow, stumps, rakes, claws, wings - hands; bowler hat, head of cabbage, cabin, teapot - head;

Skis, chassis, bast shoes, brakes - legs.

Many parts of the body have technical names, i.e. correlate with the names of parts of an aircraft, car, etc.: cockpit - head; wings - hands; chassis, brakes - legs; headlights - eyes.

b) Words naming clothes, shoes and accessories:

jops, jeans - jeans;

Skin, leather jacket, bomber jacket;

Sweatshirts - socks.

These words were widely used in the slang of youth related to informal groups. So the word leather jacket - a leather jacket passed into the vocabulary of schoolchildren from the jargon of metalworkers, where it had a narrower meaning: a black, leather jacket with a lot of metal studs.

word bandana - a scarf tied around the head or knee was originally recorded in biker jargon. It should be noted the actualization of such words as:

outfit - modern clothes;

baubles - jewelry on the hand (originally used by hippies) made of beads or small beads;

hooves - women's shoes with flared heels.

C) Words naming various household appliances:

compik - computer;

clave - keyboard;

throw off, throw - copy to a floppy disk;

mouse, mouse - mouse.

These lexemes are innovations in the jargon of schoolchildren. Most often used by schoolchildren who have direct access to modern technology.

4. Valuation Sphere Words

Here you can trace the interaction of young students with all age categories: from small (trifle, puppies) to large (father, dad).

Popular appeal - nike , by the name of the company that produces sportswear with patches of this word on English language: Nike. Appeals such as:kents, peppers, dude, stick, bro, bro- are used by schoolchildren when communicating with each other and therefore are used most often.

Virgo is a girl.

Peppers are young men.

Zenki - eyes.

The dude is a man.

Great, great class.

Chel is a person.

The boy is a boy.

Chapter 6. Conclusion

So, slang was, is and will be in school vocabulary. Is it good or bad? The question appears to be inappropriate. Slang can neither be banned nor abolished. It changes over time, some words die, others appear, just like in any other language. Of course, it's bad if slang completely replaces normal speech for a person - then it's just some kind of cannibal Ellochka. But it is impossible to imagine a modern student without slang at all.

It is no coincidence that slang is currently used in the press and even in

literature (and not only the detective genre) to give liveliness to speech.

Even high-ranking statesmen use in their

speeches slang expressions.

Therefore, one should not treat slang as something that is only

pollutes the Russian language? Is it an integral part of our speech?

The paper investigates the reasons for the use of jargon in speech and notes that

that students use jargon as an expressive means of expression,

considering it fashionable. It has also been found that many schoolchildren belong to

slang as a temporary phenomenon in their speech, but, unfortunately, a large part

of the respondents consider jargon to be necessary words.

In the process of work, we can conclude: jargon destroys our

speech. Some jargons quickly go out of use, others appear.

Slang vocabulary should not be the property of the speech of cultured people, but the everyday everyday speech of schoolchildren is full of jargon, and it is almost impossible to eliminate these words from the speech of adolescents. You need to understand in what area speech communication their use is allowed.

Literature

1. Belykh G., Panteleev L. Republic of SHKID. SPb., 1994.

2. Brushtein A.Ya. The road goes into the distance ... M., 1964.

3. Gogol N.V. Viy. Sobr. op. in 6 volumes. T. 2. M., 1952.

4. Dal V.I. Explanatory dictionary of the living Great Russian language. M., 1994.

5. Elistratov V.S. Dictionary of Russian Argo. M., 2000.

76 . Indicate jargon in each pair of words that are close in meaning. Write down literary words.

In what area of life can these jargons be used? In what speech situations can the use of some of these words be justified?

fail the exam - cut off
failed exam - tail
head - kumpol
TV set
abruptly - sharply, impudently, ruthlessly
over the hill - abroad
homework - homework
cool - very good
leave - slip away

77 . Distribute jargon into groups: 1) formed on the rethinking of famous words; 2) formed with the help of suffixes. In these words, mark the suffix. Which of the jargon is rude, and which of them is humorous?

Hostel, party, hohmach, zakuson, trample, run over (attack with threats), surety, baldezh, shuttle, beetle (non-professional), wheelbarrow (car).

78 . Jargons can gradually become obsolete, disappear from life, or, conversely, gradually assimilate into the literary language. Many jargons are one-day butterflies: they do not live long and are quickly replaced along with fashion. Determine which jargons are not used in our time at all or are used quite rarely.

Bucks (US dollars), tear off (get something), piece (a thousand rubles), chop (cheat), box (TV), men (guy), hang out (relax, have fun), rations (Nike sneakers) , snickers (eat, take a Snickers bar).

79 . Slang usage serves as a speech characteristic of the character. Determine from the given examples what the speakers are, what their culture is.

1. Hey, carrier, give me a lift. 2. I love Beatles music. 3. Did you have a good time at the disco yesterday? 4. I get high from roller skates. 5. They bought me an excellent video recorder yesterday. 6. Seryozha's car is cooler than Maxim's.

Reference: drove - the driver; trudge - admire; retracted - rested, had fun; I catch a buzz - I get pleasure; vidak - video recorder; wheelbarrow - car; cool, cooler - better, richer, more perfect.

Jargon has always been and will be in the language. In their creation, the speech-creative principle of the people is manifested. However, they are outside the literary language, their use speaks of the low culture of the person who uses them. “The use of slang vocabulary,” writes the linguist L. I. Skvortsov, “clutters and coarsens colloquial speech.”

80 . Have you met people who speak jargon, that is, in slang? Tell about them, evaluate their speech. Or maybe you have heard slang words in the speech of peers and adults? Are they better than literature? Prove it.

Words for people:
Koresh, bro - friend, buddy.
Dude is a guy.
Kent is a trendy guy.
Marekha is a girl.
The switchman is the one who is blamed by others.
Dranka is a girl of easy virtue.
Bruise is an alcoholic.
Cheburashka - a man with big ears

d) Words that name parts of the body:
Flippers - legs.
Locators are ears.
Zenki - eyes.
Mouth, hawka - mouth.
e) Nouns that are difficult to combine into any group:
Funny is a joke.
Ugar, bark - fun.
Rams - quarrel, conflict.
Arrow - fight.
Chatter - chatter, lies.
Bazaar - conversation, chatter.
The bullshit is nonsense.
Gon is a lie.
Chased, whoops - nickname.
Havchik is food.
A jamb, a joint - something that spoils the view; (in the jargon of drug addicts, another meaning).
A bummer is an unexpectedly bad result.
Chirik - ten rubles.
Vaksa - vodka.
Sam is moonshine.
Hooves - shoes on a high platform.
Filki, grandmas, cabbage - money.
Shmon - a search.
Glitch is a hallucination.
Waste is something outstanding.
Decile - a little, a little bit.
Cropal - even less.
II. Verbs and verb forms
Second largest in school jargon is a group of verbs. It should be borne in mind that sometimes the verb word exists only in the form in which it is used by native speakers (jargon), and in its original form it has a completely different meaning. For example, the list includes the word form does not roll, the infinitive form does not reflect the exact meaning of this word in jargon.
Bald - have fun.
Wali - go away.
Get stuck - get caught.
Stuck - got into an unpleasant position.
Move, move - get out of here.
Get - get bored.
Drift - to coward.
Dyuznut - steal.
To spoil - to spoil.
Steam - very bored.
Throw - deceive, substitute.
To goof off - to goof off.
Does not roll - will not fit.
We will not talk - we will not meet.
Break off - get an unsuccessful, unexpected result.
Oborzet - insolent.
Back off - back off.
Break away - have fun, bypassing all conventions.
To go nuts - to be surprised.
Ofonaret - to become impudent; to be greatly surprised, to be shocked.
Flattening (the same as cockroach) - unwell.
To shave is the same as to break off.
Undermine - jump.
Burn, burn - have fun, rejoice.
Imagine - imagine.
To joke - to joke, to laugh.
Wash off - go away.
Knock - convey.
Cockroach - see stomps.
Stare - enjoy.
Hang around - be completely delighted.
Sharpen - eat, eat.
To poke - to hang out idle.
Shut up - shut up.
Hippo - to be fashionable.
Encrypt - to hide something.
III. Words close to adverbs
Cool, cool, class, cool, awesome, nishtyak, fly away, cool, carbon monoxide - an expression of a high degree of quality, a high appreciation of something.
Shut up - there's nowhere better.
Strim, strenuous - bad.
Darkness is hard, terrible.
Either way, definitely.
IV. Adjectives
Dumb - bad, bad, ugly.
Cool, cool, cool - a high degree of quality of something.
Buhoy - drunk.
Bespontovy - not good.
Mastery - humiliating, insulting about a person.
Delicious - enterprising.

jargon

(French jargon), category "passive" vocabulary, which includes words used by a separate group of people united by social sign. The unifying feature can be the age category, profession, social class. The words of this category, usually not numerous, constitute a special "language" of a social group, by the use of which its members identify their equals (for example, this role is played by youth slang). Sometimes these words can coexist in the specific "language" of the group along with terms (for example, a certain ratio of jargon and terms is typical for professionalism) or compose a "secret language" used to communicate in conspiracy (such argotisms, a variety of which is "fenya" - the language of the thieves' community and declassed elements). In the literature, jargon is used to a limited extent when depicting the speech of representatives of such social groups.

Literature and language. Modern illustrated encyclopedia. - M.: Rosman. Under the editorship of prof. Gorkina A.P. 2006 .

See what "jargon" is in other dictionaries:

jargon- words and expressions of jargon, used outside of jargon in order to enhance artistic depiction. Rubric: language. figuratively means of expression Whole: slang Example: ancestors parents (youth slang) soak kill… … Terminological dictionary-thesaurus on literary criticism

jargon- Phraseologisms used in various social and professional jargons: to cut calves (young jargon) - make good money, demolish the tower (young jargon) - captivate to fanaticism, drive someone crazy; his own grandfather (they say jarg., ... ... Terms and concepts of linguistics: Vocabulary. Lexicology. Phraseology. Lexicography

PU jargon- Phraseologisms used in various social and professional jargons: to cut calves (young jargon) - make good money, demolish the tower (young jargon) - captivate to fanaticism, drive someone crazy; his own grandfather (mol. jarg., approv.) ... Dictionary linguistic terms T.V. Foal

Contents 1 Reasons for the appearance 2 Studies of military jargon ... Wikipedia

- (German Referat, from Latin refere to report, inform) a written report or speech on a specific topic, in which information is collected from one or more sources. Abstracts can be a summary ... ... Wikipedia

- (terminology is obsolete) a science that studies special vocabulary in terms of its typology, origin, form, content (meaning) and functioning, as well as use, ordering and creation. The beginning of terminology is associated with ... ... Wikipedia

The canonical name of Vise ... Wikipedia

Non-literary vocabulary- - these are words and phrases, as well as their individual meanings, which are outside the limits of lit. language. These include dialectisms, vulgarisms, jargonisms and argotisms, vernacular and so on. All these units of the language replenish it from time to time ... ... Stylistic encyclopedic dictionary of the Russian language

Purity of speech- the communicative quality of speech, which arises on the basis of the ratio of speech to language. Pure speech is called such speech, in which there are no alien literary language words and phrases and other elements of the language. To language means, violating Ch. r., ... ... Pedagogical speech science

Aizman, David Yakovlevich, Russian Jewish writer. Born in 1869, in Nikolaev, in an intelligent family, whose members played a prominent role in the Palestinian movement. After graduating from the course of the Nikolaev real school, he studied painting in Odessa ... ... Biographical Dictionary

Books

Jargonisms as a Phenomenon of Secondary Nomination, Nina Mikhailovna Najer und Dmitry Vyacheslavovich Chistyakov. The monograph explores jargon as a phenomenon of secondary nomination; the differentiation of forms of nomination is considered, including stylistically marked secondary and…
Jargonisms in the language of the modern Russian press, Daniil Vinogradov. The problems of using other style elements in the language of the mass media have been covered repeatedly in different time and from various points of view, but mainly the subject of research ...