If someone after that can read the Koran - the author is not to blame.
He had other goals, but - Good luck!

Different people have different thinking, therefore, for example, physicists and lyricists must be taught foreign languages ​​in completely different ways. However, in all existing textbooks of a foreign language, one can feel one and the "condo" German approach: unnecessary thoroughness, an abundance of unnecessary, stupid, unstructured information at the start, tediousness that kills mood and motivation after 5 pages and lulls after ten.

That is, it is often not the student who is to blame, but the teaching system that “goes wrong”.
Roughly speaking, the teacher is to blame.
As if someone put a filter - from the "unworthy" of a foreign language.
And so the "cut-off" is carried out ...

But why was a book written for this, why was it called a "textbook"
and why did they "push" you with "crap" of little use for training ??

Some books should be called - not textbooks, but "turnstiles",
like, you made your way - you go further, you didn’t make your way - sit-smoke-bamboo ...

Existing textbooks are poorly designed for the thinking of a normal Russian person.
modern, not "obsolete" version. When you are told obvious platitudes that have been obviously rewritten over the last 100 years, you get the feeling that you "hit" ... the thought that you turned out to be smarter than your teacher, and the teacher is "acting out" - they really interfere with learning.

Perhaps philologists wrote textbooks - for people with a different background,
Perhaps the "background" of the average student has grown in 100 years
Or the methods are outdated.

It may also be that people who do not know anything useful other than languages ​​increase the value of their knowledge by spreading show-offs and meaningful snot - where everything can be explained easier, on the fingers and faster and more interesting.

Can a teacher be a bore?
After all, language is a means of communication.
The author of the textbook - the teacher already has a "credit" from the student who bought, picked up the textbook. And if a student quits studying, maybe also because the author - does not "pull out" - maybe because he is a bad teacher? It is not customary to criticize teachers, but here the criticism is not from the student, but from the “Colleague in the shop”. And in this case - criticism is more than appropriate. Because there is no need for bad teachers to scare students away from all teachers.

Let's take Arabic.

Most of the fears about learning Arabic are due to its writing,
Which the textbook presents in such a way that ... you begin to understand the Inquisition ...

Often in textbooks, emphasis is placed either on layers of language - from Islam and the Koran.
if the textbook is Soviet, then on the experience of building communism.
Why??

Why scare a person with aggressive imposition of alien (for Russian) person archetypes of behavior. Orthodox and atheists do not need to immediately give words meaning "prayer" and "Akbar".

That is, these words must be present, but then, where their presence will be justified by the logic of teaching, and not just by the desire of the teacher - immediately "convert" the student to his Faith. The student came for another. And the market says that you should respect your consumer. After all, the student came to an Arabic teacher, not to a madrasah.

How to get the student interested.
How to awaken motivation?
The Arabic language - it is the Russian and Orthodox Christian that gives the opportunity to touch the Biblical texts - in a different coordinate system. And to understand the hidden meanings, which (alas) disappeared without a trace in Russian translations - from Greek translations.

For example. King Herod - turns out to be the "king of the Earth". Ard and Herod (earth) are spelled the same.
Bethlehem - (beit lahm) - turns out to be a house of sheep, a barn. Like in the popular prints showing the barn where Jesus was born.
The Queen of England "Bloody Mary" (Bloody Mary) - turns out to be the "Mother of the State".
Pharisees - turn out to be ordinary Persians or horsemen.
Sadukkei - friends, brothers, monks.
Pharaohs - turn out to be simply the chiefs of these riders.
Kagan - High Priest.

It becomes clear the possible meaning of the "new spelling" of the name Jesus (the appearance of the second letter "and") during the Great Schism of the 17th century - precisely as a result of the translation of Arabic texts - into "Cyrillic". the stroke under the consonant "and" is the second "and", which is written but not necessarily read. And the main dispute of the split - acquires a different logic and harmony. This is precisely from the translation of Semitic texts - through Greek - into Russian.

The best motivation.

There is such an "Old Belarusian language". This is a language in which ordinary text in Old Russian is written in Arabic letters. Agree, it's nice when, in the process of learning one modern language, you find yourself "in the load" as a carrier of another, moreover, ancient one.

The laws of "Freebies" (sweetness - in Arabic) have not been canceled. And the learning process is more effective if you lead the student "from freebie to freebie".))

An example of the text of the "Old Belarusian language" from the Web. This is the Old Slavonic language, written in Arabic script.

My teacher, a KGB officer, once gave very appropriate advice in that situation - do not try to translate your life into Arabic. University, cinema and clubs are images of another culture, for which another language is better suited.

It's more useful to come up with an "image" of an Arab - and tell from him. This is the language of nomadic peasants, it has 70 words for camel and 5 verbs for "think". No need to complicate...
Let me be 5 brothers and 6 sisters,
your father has three wives and three houses.
It’s easier to learn from an authentic map than to suck it out of your finger, how to more delicately name the concepts “landing troops”, “institute”, “potato”, “privatization” and “investment banking business” that are absent in Arab culture.

So, the first principle of memorizing letters is "Shemakhansky".
As the hero of Pushkin's fairy tale said: "Reign lying on your side" ...

Many Arabic characters - you can memorize by tilting your head to the right - or to the left.
For example, the "European" numbers 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 are frankly of Arabic origin. It's just that someone "screwed up", sat "drunk" and wrote down the numbers, sitting "to the left" - from the source. Or "poked" from behind the shoulder.

Second.
For some reason, it is not customary to talk about this, but almost all Latin and Slavic letters were derived from Arabic script. Don't believe? It's just not customary to talk about it. But - look at the letters calmly and without panic. If it doesn’t work out right, try writing them not from right to left, as the Arabs themselves write. And reproduce them "in our own way", as we write, from left to right.

If you haven't found out, try to relax, imagine how Cyril and Methodius "stole" letters from the Arabs, without indicating their sources. In order not to deduct copyright. Still, the Arabs have "close relatives" (perhaps even Cyril and Methodius themselves). try again to write the letters from left to right. And look for hints.

So, in order to convey information in the old Belarusian language, you need to write Arabic letters - from right to left.
And these letters are modified Russian (Latin letters).

Only consonants and long (stressed) vowels are written in Arabic.
Short vowels are not written.
- in the Arabic alphabet there is no letter "p", the Arabs use the letter "b"
- the letter "g" - similar to Russian.
- twice the letter "and". Once at the end of a word, another in the middle. It can be seen from two points below it. The spelling is different, but - these two points give it away.
Two times the letter "c". Its spelling is anywhere (at the beginning in the middle, at the end - the same)

Vocalization rule
There are only 28 letters in the Arabic alphabet.
Strictly speaking, they are all consonants. Vowel sounds (and there are only three of them) are transmitted by special icons that are placed "above" or "below" the letter. The icons are called "vowels".

The vowels "a", "i", "y" are called "Fatha, kesra, damma"
A - a stroke above the consonant from above
"and" - stroke from below,
"u" - comma above,
"without a vowel" - a circle, "sukkun",
ending "an" - two strokes above the consonant
shadda "w" - doubling the consonant.
ending "in" - two strokes under the consonant

So the previous sentence "let's talk" -
will look like "Old Belarusian" with vowels.

In most cases, in Arabic books and media, you will not find texts with vowels. Why? Because the Arabs perfectly read and understand these texts without vowels. This is comparable to when we meet the letter "Yo" without dots in Russian, but we understand that this is exactly "Yo". It is experience and skill. A couple of months of reading the exercises of their textbook - and anyone will have it.

Vocalizations were developed by medieval philologists. One of the theories of their origin is as follows: in those days, a large number of people accepted Islam - without knowing the language. And so that "fresh" Muslims could read the Koran without errors, a system of vocalizations was adopted. Now vowels can be found mainly in textbooks, in some Holy books (Quran, Bible), in reference books and dictionaries. But rotating in this environment, anyone begins to read and understand texts without vowels at all.

Arabic writing allows you to better understand the speakers of the Turkic, Iranian and Caucasian languages. And due to the fact that Moscow is already the largest Tajik, Tatar, Azerbaijani, Uzbek city, it is advisable to have this just in case, let it be ... Because this writing allows you to better understand the grammar of the language. After all, doubling, transferring vowels - in these languages ​​\u200b\u200bwas historically justified by the "Vyaz", and when written in Latin or Cyrillic - the logic turns out to be much more complicated.

The main thing is not to be afraid and to understand that the rejection of the Arabic language in the Russian cultural field may not always have been. It can be found that someone really deliberately destroyed "Semitisms" (Arabisms) in Russian culture. It can be seen that many principles of Russian cursive writing/stenography amusingly repeat the laws of Arabic calligraphy (of course, in their mirror image).

Russian endings (for example, for adjectives) in Arabic are written not in 2-3 letters that do not carry information (th, -th, -th, -th), but are made in one short stroke. After all, Slavic ancestors were not masochists when they left themselves in the language - endings, which sometimes turned out to be longer than the word itself. In a word, the experience of the Arabic language is just an opportunity to regain what your ancestors had.

By the way - such an "Arabic" experience can be found in all European languages. It is known that the most ancient documents of the Afrikaans language (and this, excuse me, the language of the Dutch settlers of the 17th-18th centuries in Africa) were written in Arabic script. It is known that in the 20th century there were translations of writing into Cyrillic and Latin, after which ALL documents written in script were destroyed on the territory of Russia and Turkey.

That is, perhaps it is necessary not so much to "teach", but rather to try to "wake up" the subconscious.

Arabic script is not at all complicated, but it surprisingly helps to "uncover" different ways of thinking in a person: analogue, creative, composite...

True, there was such a story. Once, in a large Russian bank, I had to teach the basics of economics to local managers. I was horrified to find that the top management does not understand the scheme at all, does not know how to read pictures. And can only read sequential text.

That is, the evolution of the banking business in the country has passed - very strange. According to the principle of "washing out" people with abstract thinking from it. That is, those who do not know how to think abstractly joined together. All the dignity of which is the ability to "be shit" ... With learning Arabic - it will be more difficult to become a banker. But we are learning the language - for a different development ...

So if you are going to work in banks (or with such a category of people) - stop learning Arabic (and forget what I have already said). Otherwise, then you will have to stupidly hide a third of the brain in order to correspond to the "environment" and especially to the authorities.

But there is nothing wrong with abstract, creative thinking. In the end, when a crowd of Caucasian youth stops you in a dark alley, there is no need to panic. Turn on the real brains. As a rule, this does not mean anything bad, except that young people have nothing to do with their time, and you have an excuse to drink together. And you need to know how to see this occasion. And how to properly develop it.

The picture below shows two three-letter Arabic words.
Of course, since we are learning Old Belarusian, it might have been worth writing exactly the Old Belarusian word of three letters, but - whoever needs it, by the end of the lesson, he will write it himself ...
three letters are three troughs. Dots above the letter - show that the first word is "BIT", the second is BNT"

as already mentioned, even without vocalizations, a literate Arab will guess
that these are the words Bayt - house (hamsa and two sukkun - in vowels),
and Bint - a girl (kesra and two sukkun).
With vowels - two words will look like this.

I draw in Adobe with a mouse, if you don't like it, draw it yourself.
Pencil, paper, sharpener - go ahead.
Beautiful handwriting for many is a sufficient aesthetic satisfaction,
to practice Arabic. But we are here - about the harmony of the language as a whole,
not about the beauty of his handwriting. Although - you will be pleased to think that after one day of training you will be able to write Arabic words - more beautiful than your teacher.

Finally.

There is no need to complex because of your insufficient knowledge of the Arabic language - in front of today's bearers of Arabic culture.

Firstly, all the Arabs you are interested in (for one reason or another) speak Russian or English. And English for them will objectively be more comfortable to explain the terms of European culture. The Arabic language is an opportunity to touch the Arab culture - in general, and not to a specific person in particular.

Secondly, one must understand that the Arab culture of the Middle East is, after all, rather a young culture. Its renaissance in the Middle East only arose at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. And when you get acquainted with the works of German and Russian Arabists (four-volume Krachkovsky), you see and understand that at the end of the 19th century the centers for studying the Arabic language and the Koran were Berlin, Kazan, St. Petersburg ... And not Cairo and Damascus .

The centers of Arab culture - Jerusalem and Riyadh - became only in the second half of the 20th century ... and before that, an ordinary Arab in the desert washed himself with camel urine in the morning, jumped on a camel - and wandered to a neighboring oasis. And for higher manifestations of culture - the harsh desert life then left no room and resources. It's not good not bad. Walk through museums in Arab countries to understand the meager and dreary life of nomads - half a century ago.

In pursuit.

Arabs consider "a" and "o" as one vowel,
they do not distinguish these vowels.
they distinguish front consonants.

They differ in the consonants with which the syllables "sa" and "so" begin.
Because they have two consonants - where we have - one.
And there are two different letters - "t", "s", "d", "th", "h". One of them is "front" - after it is heard "a",
and the other is back, after it you hear "o".

The difference between them is colossal.

Kalb and Kyalb are almost imperceptible for the Russian ear, but for the Arab - "heart" or "dog". A gentle compliment - or an insult. They always call one well-known Israeli politician "Kyalb-wa-ibn-al-kalb" (Dog - and the son of a dog).
And if you mess up ... it will not turn out very nice ...

A letter that simply means a short sound "o" - they convey through a special letter "ayn", means a throat "semi-wheezing" and which in the recording looks like a "non-Russian" letter "b", as in the word "B-b- lgaria"

Cyril and Methodius stole ideas - obviously not among the Greeks (or not only among the Greeks).
But for some reason, Semitic roots in the Russian Empire were forbidden to be seen.
That is, one could see the roots - from a certain "Greek" language of 2 thousand years ago. And the "Arab" roots are relatively young - they did not notice.

Soviet Arabist Vashkevich. By the way, I found hundreds of parallels between Russian and Arabic. You can find a lot about this on the web. Here are examples only for the letter "e".

Barely, barely - the same as barely. ♦ From Arabic علة illa "weakness".

Emelya, Throw Emelya not your week (proverb. Dal) - Behind the name of Emelya is the Arabic عمل amal "work".

JEREMEY, every Jeremiah understand yourself (proverb. Dal) - on your mind. ♦ Behind the name Jeremey is the Arabic آمر "a:mara" to conspire.

YERMIL, bumpkin Yermil, but dear to the peasant women (proverb. Dal). ♦ behind the name Yermil is Arabic أرمل "armal" widow's.

Nonsense, to talk nonsense - to tell a lie, to talk nonsense. ♦ Russian nonsense hides Arabic ده غير gerun yes "not this", i.e. not properly. For Russian, carry the Arabic نصت nassa (t) (f. gender) "pronounce the text", "say". The grammatical term of Latin grammar comes from ar. جرد garrada "to form the initial simplest grammatical form of the word".

Learning a language takes practice.
beautiful handwriting - in itself, a reason for pride.
After 10 conscious spellings, a person automatically remembers everything.
Paper, pencil, sharpener - and as in childhood - through prescription.

What frightens in Arabic studies is the plurality of writing the same letter. initial, final, middle, separate. But - these are just the principles of adding a letter.

As in a Georgian joke:
Fork - bottle - is written without a soft sign,
salt beans - with soft
It's impossible to understand - you need to believe in it ...

Here it is worth telling an anecdote that all Russians who have lived in Arab countries for a long time know about.
When "another Arab" decides to learn Russian, he learns the Russian alphabet for several days, in the process of learning which he gets everyone around him. Who hardly tolerate his senseless tediousness. we know that the Russian language must be taught differently. And those who change the way they study are successful in it. But - Arabic really needs to be learned, starting with letters - and going from the roots of words - to more complex meanings.

And to the oral language - it is advisable to go through the written one.
sometimes you think that those who developed methods for teaching children English and French went through "torture with Semitic languages." Because you can see the "ears" of other methods, poorly suitable for European languages.

Why did I start telling all this?
exactly - not only to teach the basics of the Arabic language.
And certainly not for you to sit down at the Holy Books tonight. Although - I repeat - if anything - it's not my fault. This is your subconscious. Arabs sincerely believe that Arabic is the language of angels. So maybe there is something "in the subconscious".

More to tell in detail that the links between Russian, Slavic culture - and Semitic, Arabic languages ​​- are much stronger than we were taught from childhood. We were even forced to read the Bible translated from Greek and German. Although Arabic - the closest of the world's languages ​​- to the biblical. When a long way is chosen to get acquainted with the Truths, this means that they want to deceive someone, to powder their brains. And perhaps there is a reason - for not revealing everything to us.

After graduating from the 10th grade, I went to Dagestan for the summer holidays. Usually there you are constantly surrounded by relatives. But one day I stayed in Makhachkala, left to my own devices. And went for a walk around the city. This was probably my first independent walk in a foreign city. I walked along Hamidov Avenue towards the mountains. And, suddenly, I saw a sign "Islamic shop". No matter how strange it may seem, but my first acquisition in Dagestan was the Arabic script.

Arriving at my uncle's house, I opened it. There were all types of writing letters and their pronunciation was explained in relation to the Dagestan alphabet “The letter ع approximately corresponds to the Arabic gI”, “The letter ح is similar to the Avar xI”. Together with ظ, these were the most difficult letters for me, because it was hard to imagine how to pronounce them, and the others were mostly in my language. So I started learning to read Arabic on my own. An ordinary Russian teenager, far from religion. Then I went to the mountain village of my grandfather. It was a time filled with events of transitional age, when you try a lot for the first time. Along with all this, I tried and learn Arabic. What motivated me when I bought this recipe then is still mystical for me.

Recently I found my first attempts to write in Arabic, which I started just that summer in my grandfather's village.
Over the summer I learned to read. But then he abandoned this business for many years and stalled on this knowledge. The Arabic language seemed to be something extraordinarily distant and incomprehensible. Yes, and my lifestyle was far from learning this language.

Then, already in the 4th year of university, I began to pray, began to go to the mosque, and met Muslims. One Friday in the mosque, I said hello to one of my friends:

- Assalamu alaikum! How are you? What are you doing?
- Wa alaikum ssalam! Alhamdulillah. Here, I study Arabic.
— How do you study? Are there any courses?
- No, on your own, according to the textbook "Learn to read the Quran in Arabic."

Then this brother went to Kazan to study and there he got new textbooks, and he sold Lebedev's books "Learn to read the Koran in Arabic" to me for 500 rubles when he returned from Kazan for his first vacation.

I worked part-time as a night security guard in a store and took this book with me on duty. I started reading it in my free moments between the fights of the local drunkards and until I was cut down by sleep. It was worth starting to get acquainted with the book, as I thought - "Subhanallah, this Arabic language is so easy to learn."

For so many years I stupidly knew how to read and memorized the verses of the Koran with difficulty - and now I began to understand the logic of the entire language!

My delight knew no bounds. I finished the first book in a month. I didn’t even memorize the words there - I just carefully studied the new rules and read the exercises for them.

Then the textbook came into my hands First Arabic lessons ". I began to trite to teach a lesson a day (they are very small there). I just memorized new words in the morning - and then repeated them all day (on the bus, when walking, etc.). After a couple of months, I already knew almost 60 lessons by heart - all the words and turns of speech that were found in them.

After 2 months of classes, I was visiting an Arab and was surprised to find that I can communicate in Arabic without speaking a word in Russian!!! It started out as a joke. I said hello in Arabic and my friend answered. Then I asked something else and he answered again in Arabic. And when the dialogue began, as if there was no turning back. As if we did not know Russian. My knees were trembling with happiness.

Previously, I needed to learn the Koran “photographically” - stupidly remembering the order of all the letters in words. For example, it took me several days to memorize Surah An-Nas. And after I have mastered the basics of grammar, you can read the translation of Krachkovsky and the Arabic text of the verse once (comparing the translation to each Arabic word), repeat a couple of times - and the verse is remembered. If so, walk through a small sura (like An-Naba "News"). After half an hour of study, I can look at the translation of Krachkovsky and read the sura in Arabic (essentially from memory). The most difficult thing is usually to remember the order of the verses.

My tragedy is that having learned to read (it took about two months on my own and unsystematic), I simply did not imagine that it was possible to study the basics of grammar by spending the same amount of time and, if you make an effort and develop an active vocabulary, you can speak Arabic very soon.

The biggest problem for many people is that they imagine the language as an impregnable fortress, which will take many years to assault and siege. And only after that you will master it. In fact, learning a language is better thought of as a small cottage that you build piece by piece. Having studied the basic grammar (changing verbs by person and tense, changing cases, etc. - in terms of volume this is a 40-page brochure) - consider that you have poured the foundation. Further, an opportunity arose - they built a room where you can already live and moved there. Then the kitchen. Then they built a living room, a nursery, and all the other rooms. I saw how they build houses in Dagestan in this way. Instead of renting an apartment, they buy an inexpensive plot, pour the foundation and build at least one room, where they move. And then, as far as possible, they continue to build a house on an already filled foundation.

If suddenly someone wants to repeat my path, which I consider optimal for those who do it mostly on their own, for example, in their free time from their main studies or work, I have prepared a selection of materials (now they have become more accessible, and better).

1. Learn to read and write

→ Talking Tutorial (self-study on reading and writing with the voice acting of each word and many tips)

2. Fundamentals of grammar.To study grammar, it is better to arm yourself with many books and choose the one that suits you best. The same rule can be given in different words in different books - so that incomprehensible moments can be considered from different angles. Start with one book, and download the rest as needed.

→ Lebedev. Learn to read the Quran in Arabic - an unobtrusive explanation of the basics of grammar using the example of verses from the Koran (I personally went through the first volume. I hated studying foreign language all my life, but I read this book as fiction, and realized that Arabic is mine).

→ Yashukov. Arabic grammar manual - a compressed volume of 40 pages gives all the basics (a short summary of any textbook).

→ Khaibullin. Arabic grammar . A new solid textbook, contains the basics of grammar with numerous examples, as well as the basics of morphology. Very accessible language and sparing volume.

→ Rules of the Arabic language in a light and simplified form . (I didn’t pass it myself, but I heard reviews from friends).

→ Kovalev, Sharbatov. Arabic textbook . (A classic of the genre. Usually it is used as a reference where you can find any question on grammar).

I think these books should be enough with a margin. If you don’t like it, google Kuzmin, Ibragimov, Frolova and others.

3. Build an active vocabulary

→ First Arabic lessons . Read the preface to this book carefully and you will understand everything. I really lived with this book for several months until I learned 100 lessons. If you repeat "my feat", feel your closeness to the Arab world - no kidding.

4. Practice the language

→ Get to know the Arabs, try to communicate with them. For example, you can search the mosque for students who have just arrived in Russia and do not speak Russian well. If you are hospitable and not intrusive, then you can establish very warm friendly relations. You will be able to learn the language directly from the native speaker. ). So you can google materials that are interesting to you, your favorite nasheeds on YouTube, etc. You will be able to immerse yourself in the Arabic Internet, participate in their forums, discussions, make friends on FaceBook, etc.

Arabic is currently the most widespread of the Semitic languages ​​and belongs to its southern branch. The Arabic language reached its peak of perfection with the sending down of the final Divine Scripture, the Holy Quran, before the beauty and grandeur of which many connoisseurs of the word of that time bowed. The Almighty Lord declares:

“We revealed him with the Qur'an in Arabic, in which there is not the slightest flaw. Perhaps piety before God will awaken in the hearts of people ”(see:).

The modern literary Arabic language, which has become the result of the gradual development of the classical Arabic language, is widespread in many countries of the world, the total population of which exceeds 100 million people.

Along with literary Arabic, which is a single and common state language in all Arab countries, there are also local Arabic dialects. In contrast to the literary language, which unites not only all Arabs, but also educated Muslims of the world, dialects and dialects have a narrow, territorial meaning.

Phonetically, literary Arabic is characterized by an extensive system of consonant phonemes, especially guttural, emphatic and interdental. It has six vowel phonemes: three short and three long.

Grammatically, the Arabic language, like other Semitic languages, is characterized by a significant development of inflection and belongs to the group of inflectional languages. Each grammatical form is based on a three-consonant (rarely four-consonant) root. The shaping of words occurs mainly due to the internal structural change of the word.

Arabic script

The Arabic alphabet consists of 28 letters, displaying only consonants in writing. There are no special letters for writing vowels in Arabic writing. But due to the fact that in Arabic there are short and long vowels, some letters that serve to outline consonants are used to convey long vowels in writing. Short vowels are transmitted in writing with the help of vowels.

Thus, the Arabic writing system is based on the written representation of only consonants, and the vowels that make up the word are filled in by the reader in the process of reading, depending on the meaning of the word and its role in the sentence.

The letters of the Arabic alphabet are characterized by the fact that each of them has, depending on its position in the word, several styles: independent, initial, middle and final. The character of writing a letter depends on whether it is connected on both sides with parts of a given word or only on the right.

Of the 28 letters of the alphabet, 22 are connected on both sides and have four forms of writing, and the remaining 6 - only on the right, while having only two forms of writing.

By the nature of the writing of the main elements, most of the letters of the Arabic alphabet can be combined into several groups. The letters of the same group have the same descriptive "skeleton" and differ from each other only in the presence and location of the so-called diacritical points. Letters either have no dots at all, or have one, two, or three dots that can appear above or below the letter. The letters are connected to each other with the help of connecting dashes.

The printed and written styles of the letters of the Arabic alphabet do not fundamentally differ. There are no capital letters in the Arabic alphabet.

Vocalizations

The Arabic writing system provides for the transmission of only consonants and long vowels. Short vowels are not shown in writing. However, to clarify the nature of short vowels in certain cases, for example, in the Holy Quran, prophetic traditions, textbooks, they are indicated using special subscript or superscript characters called vowels.

Vocalization is placed above or below the letter denoting a consonant sound. There are three vowels in Arabic:

− Fatah

The vowel "fatha" is placed above the letter in the form of a slash َ_ and conveys a short vowel sound [a]. For example: بَ [ba], شَ [sha].

− "Kyasra"

Vocalization "kasra" is placed under the letter in the form of a slash ـِ and conveys the short vowel [and]. For example: بِ [bi], شِ [shi].

− "Damma"

The vowel "damma" is placed above the letter in the form of a comma ـُ and conveys a short vowel [y]. For example: بُ [bu], شُ [shu].

− "Sukun"

The absence of a vowel after a consonant is indicated by an icon called "sukun". "Sukun" is written as ـْ and is placed above the letter. For example: بَتْ [bat], بِتْ [bit], بُتْ [but].

Additional icons in Arabic include the Shadda sign, which indicates the doubling of a consonant sound. "Shadda" is written as the Russian capital letter "sh". For example: بَبَّ [babba], بَتِّ [batty]

Transcription

In view of the fact that in the Arabic language there is a significant difference between the system of depicting words in writing and their sound composition, for practical purposes they resort to the so-called transcription. Transcription is the transfer of the sounds of a language using accepted conventional signs or letters of the same or another language, provided, if necessary, with additional icons.

In this textbook, the Russian language is adopted as signs of transcription of Arabic sounds. To depict those sounds that are not in the Russian language, some Russian letters are equipped with additional icons: a dash and a dot under the letter. A dash indicates an interdental consonant, and a dot indicates a solid sound.

Gives you the opportunity to get acquainted and learn one of the ancient and most widely spoken languages ​​of the world - Arabic language.

Arabic is considered official in the following countries of the world: Algeria, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Western Sahara, Jordan, Iraq, Yemen, Qatar, Comoros, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Mauritania, Morocco, United Arab Emirates, Oman, Palestinian Authority, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Somalia, Sudan, Tunisia, Chad, Eritrea. Arabic is spoken by about 290 million people (240 as their mother tongue and 50 as a second language).

The Arabic language played a big role in the history of world culture: in the Middle Ages, an extensive artistic and scientific literature was created on it. A huge number of Arabic words entered the languages ​​of many Asian and African peoples. Even in European languages, including Russian, there are words borrowed from Arabic (algebra, azimuth, zenith, alcohol, genie, shop, treasury, coffee, safari, tariff, etc.).

At present, the Arabic language exists in two significantly different forms, on the one hand, there is the Arabic literary language - the language of education, press, radio, science, literature, oratory, common to all Arab countries, on the other hand, there are Arabic colloquial languages, or dialects, used by the population in everyday communication. The spoken language of each Arab country differs both from the common Arabic literary language and from the spoken languages ​​of other Arab countries.

Like all language learners from scratch, we will talk about literary Arabic. The basis of the online lessons on the site is taken by V. S. Segal's tutorial (). Its peculiarity is that it allows you to get acquainted with the language gradually, without immediately showering you with a stream of incomprehensible and complex Arabic letters. Errors were also fixed, animation of letters was added, answers were added, which can be viewed by moving the mouse over the key: . Also added audio! You will not only learn how to read and write Arabic, but also begin to understand the language by ear. Lessons free.

Go to → list of lessons ← (Click)

If the opportunity to communicate with 290 million people is not a great motivation for you to learn Arabic, then it may be, for example, the desire to stand out from the crowd. Few know Arabic. And if now you just seem very smart, then in the future you can build a successful career. The Middle East has a very large economic potential, so knowledge of the language and culture is beneficial and promising.

In today's growing hostility between the Arab world and the West, understanding the Islamic religion is key information to overcome the crisis. People who know Arabic can overcome cultural and linguistic barriers between countries, help resolve or avoid international conflict, and help businesses successfully trade internationally. In addition, knowledge of Arabic opens the door to other languages. For example, 50% of Farsi words are made up of Arabic words. The situation is similar with Urdu and Turkish. Hebrew is also linguistically related to Arabic, making it easier to understand grammatical and semantic concepts in languages.

Arabs are hospitable. As soon as you say a few words in Arabic in the presence of a native speaker, they will be delighted and will want to help you in any way they can. And try to do the same, for example, in German in front of the Germans - this is unlikely to surprise them much. Arabs are proud of their language and will be glad to see that someone makes an attempt to learn it.

Arabic is the 5th most spoken language in the world, and the migration processes of recent years have only increased its spread. More recently, Arabic has become the second most common language in Sweden, and Finnish has always been one. In the meantime, Arabic has not taken over the whole world, you still have time to study it!

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Learning Arabic

The Arabic language historically began to flourish in the world thanks to the development and spread of Islam as one of the largest world religions. Arabic is known to be the language of the Quran, the Holy Book of Islam. It is the main language of Muslims.

What is interesting to know for everyone who is going to learn Arabic for beginners

1. Where Arabic is spoken

Arabic is the official language of 22 countries and is the native language of over 200 million people geographically from southeast Asia to northwest Africa, better known as the Arab world.

"Classical" Arabic, known as the language of the Qur'an, is the language in which the Qur'an is written and is the base language for the syntactic and grammatical norms of modern Arabic. It is this classical Arabic that is taught in religious schools and in all Arabic schools around the world.

"Modern Standard" Arabic is similar to classical, but easier and simpler. It is understood by most Arabs and is broadcast on TV, it is spoken by politicians, it is studied by foreigners. Most Arabic newspapers and modern literature use Modern Standard Arabic.
Arabic spoken language has many different dialects. So, for example, a native Iraqi will hardly understand a local Algerian and vice versa, as they speak completely different dialects. But both of them will be able to communicate with each other if they use modern standard Arabic.

2. What any of us already know about the Arabic language

• A lot of words came to us from Arabic, and we all know them, for example:

قطن, coton
سكر, sugar
غزال, gazelle
قيثارة, guitar
الكحول , alcohol
صحراء , Sahara
قيراط , carat
ليمون , lemon

• Arabic uses the same punctuation as any other foreign language, such as English, but Arabic has slightly different punctuation marks, such as a reversed comma (،) or a mirrored question mark (؟).

3. How difficult is it to learn Arabic

• Difficulties in pronunciation

Many sounds in Arabic are pronounced in a throaty way, as if they are formed deep inside the throat - therefore, practice is required to learn how to pronounce them correctly.

• Order of words in a sentence

Any sentence in Arabic begins with a verb, so to say "the boy eats an apple" you need to say "the boy eats an apple":
اكل الولد التفاحة .

• Adjectives are placed after the noun:

السيارة الحمراء - red car

• Sentences are written from right to left, so the first page of the book, for us Europeans, will be considered the last.

4. How Arabic for beginners can help in the future

• Arabic belongs to the Semitic group of languages, therefore it has much in common with languages ​​such as Amharic, Hebrew. Therefore, for those who can learn Arabic, other languages ​​​​of the Semitic group will be more understandable.
• Languages ​​such as Persian/Farsi, Urdu, Kurdish and others use the Arabic alphabet which is used in the writing of their own languages. Therefore, those who comprehend Arabic from scratch will be able to read the written words and sentences of any of these languages, but not understand the meaning.

1. Determine exactly what your goals are for learning Arabic for beginners.

As we wrote above, there are several types of Arabic: Modern Standard, Classical and Colloquial Arabic. Each type is responsible for its own goals.

2. Master the Arabic alphabet

At first glance, the alphabet seems to be the most difficult and incomprehensible moment for those who decide to take up the Arabic language. Some even try to avoid studying it and memorize only the pronunciation or transliteration of Arabic words. This method will bring many problems in the future. It would be much more useful, on the contrary, to ignore the transcription, and to learn the spelling of words. Therefore, to learn Arabic for beginners quickly, learn the alphabet.

3. Learn to use Arabic vocabulary.

Using an Arabic dictionary is very difficult at first, but after clarifying the main points and some practice, it will not be difficult.
First, it must be taken into account that all words in the dictionary are used in their original forms, while in texts they occur in derived forms.
Secondly, the dictionary structure itself has a root system, that is, the root of the word is considered as the search word. The roots in the dictionary are in alphabetical order. That is, to find the word istiqbaal (registrar), you need to know the three-letter root of this word - q-b-l, that is, this word will be in the dictionary under the letter q.

4. We study Arabic constantly.

In order to quickly learn Arabic, you need to study it constantly. If you have internet, then you can learn Arabic online. There are many resources online for self-learning Arabic. You can buy textbooks with audio recordings, listening to which you will be imbued with the language and absorb the pronunciation. Many tutorials like learning Arabic from scratch offer interesting mnemonics for memorizing Arabic words.

5. Ask a tutor for help.