Indicate which statistical aggregates of credit institutions, the sphere of the consumer market, peasant farms, and construction production can be distinguished.

Answer

The following statistical aggregates of credit institutions can be distinguished: by the presence of equity capital, by the volume of attracted resources, by the volume of foreign exchange transactions, by the volume of loans granted, by the volume of bank (deposit) deposits.

Statistical aggregates of the sphere of the consumer market: in terms of retail and wholesale trade, in terms of public services, food and non-food products.

Statistical aggregates of peasant farms: by the volume of agricultural land, by the number of peasant farms, by the volume of the available livestock.

Statistical aggregates of construction production: by volume completed construction and installation works; for the commissioned total area of ​​residential buildings, including at the expense of housing cooperatives, public funds, state enterprises, rental enterprises, joint-stock companies and other organizations; put into effect general education schools, hospitals, outpatient clinics; water pipes, sewerage, gas and heat networks; in terms of the volume of work performed under construction contracts.

Task 2

Formulate questions to be included in the observation form according to the following features of the objects of observation:

a) the number of employees in the firm;

b) the size of the family:

c) family ties;

d) gender and age of the person?

Answer

a) What is the total number of employees in the firm? What is the number of employees in the senior management team? What is the experience of the employees of the company?;

b) What is the size of the family? What is the number of children in the family?

c) What are the family ties? How many close relatives live in the family?;

d) What is your gender? What is your human age?

Task 3

The following data are known on the main performance indicators of the largest banks in one of the regions Russian Federation(conditional data)

million rubles

Build a grouping of commercial banks in order to find out the relationship between the indicators of attracted resources, the volume of investments in government securities and loan debt from the performance of banks (determine the indicator expressing the performance of banks yourself).

Solution

Let's group the factories according to the balance sheet profit, million rubles. Let us determine the range of variation by the formula:

R \u003d X max - X min \u003d 44.7 - 8.1 \u003d 36.6 million rubles.

We take the number of intervals equal to 5. Determine the value of the interval

i \u003d R / 5 \u003d 7.32 million rubles.

We build an auxiliary table:

Thus, in the presented grouping of banks by balance sheet profit largest number banks has a minimum balance sheet profit - 9 banks and they formed the first grouping from 8.1 to 15.42 million rubles. At the same time, they have the largest amount of attracted resources - 596.1 million rubles. These same banks also have the largest volume of investments in government securities (in the amount of 98.9 million rubles) and indebtedness - 297.3 million rubles. The second group (balance sheet profit from 15.42 to 22.74 million rubles) included only 1 bank with a balance sheet profit of 20.3 million rubles, the amount of attracted resources of 108.1 million rubles, the volume of investments in government securities paper - 8.3 million rubles, loan debt 23.1 million rubles. The third group of banks (balance sheet profit from 30.06 to 37.38 million rubles) is formed by 2 banks with a total balance sheet profit of 62.3 million rubles, attracted resources in the amount of 134.8 million rubles, the volume of investments in government securities 87.3 million rubles, loan debt 84.4 million rubles. The fifth group is formed by 8 banks with the largest balance sheet profit, total value which amounted to 325.5 million rubles, the average value is 40.69 million rubles, the amount of attracted resources is 539.6 million rubles, the volume of public investments is 87.3 million rubles, the loan debt is 278.4 million rubles .

Task 4

Design table layouts for feature:

Solution

a) the population of the Russian Federation by sex and age;

b) the most liquid stocks on the over-the-counter market;

c) enterprises of any industry;

d) activities of commercial banks;

e) activities of Russian insurance companies;

Table 2 Performance indicators of insurance companies in insuring the property of enterprises against fire and related risks in 2003.

f) government securities market.

Task 5

Draw in the form of a square and a pie chart data on the number of peasant (farmer) households on January 1 (in thousands):

For building square chart, used in comparative analysis, should be extracted square roots from the compared values ​​of statistical indicators, and then construct squares with sides proportional to the results obtained.

When building pie chart the values ​​of the indicators are first divided by the number π, i.e. 3.14, and then from the obtained values, square roots are extracted and circles are built with radii proportional to the results obtained.

Task 6

The Volga Automobile Plant in May 1996 exceeded the planned target for the sale of cars by 10.6%, having sold 5576 cars in excess of the plan. Determine the total number of cars sold per month.

Solution

Exceeding the plan by 10.6% resulted in an excess production of cars in the amount of 5576 cars, i.e. the planned production of cars will be

X \u003d (5576 * 100%) / 10.6% \u003d 52604 cars.

Thus, in May, it was produced in total, taking into account the above-planned production of 58180 (52604 + 5576) cars.

Task 7

The order department of a trading company employs three employees who work an 8-hour day. The first worker spends on average 14 minutes to place one order, the second - 15 minutes, the third - 19 minutes. Determine the average time spent on 1 order for the whole department.

Solution

First of all, let's determine the number of orders for each of the workers per working day.

The first worker spends 14 minutes on one order. - in 8 hours he will accept

8*60/14 = 34 orders

The second worker spends 15 minutes on the order - this in 8 hours will be:

8*60/15 = 32 orders.

The third worker spends 19 minutes to place 1 order. This for an 8-hour working day will be:

8*60/19 = 25 orders.

Using the arithmetic weighted average formula, we calculate the average time spent on 1 order for the department as a whole:

minutes

Thus, in general, in the department, it takes 16 minutes for one employee to complete one order.

Task 8

The ratio of the levels of a series of dynamics is called:

a) growth rate; b) absolute growth.

The growth rate of capital investments in Russia over 5 years shows: c) how many million rubles. increased capital investment; d) how much the volume has increased.

Answer: 2) a, d

Task 9

There is data on the monthly production of products by enterprises:

1. official

2. alternative

3. internal departmental

4. departmental

- The stages of statistical observation are:

1. collection of statistical material

2. graphical representation of data

3. planning and organization

4. summary and grouping of data

5. logical and meaningful control of information

Indicate the correct scientific meaning of the term "statistics":

collection of information about various social phenomena;

various statistical collections;

a special branch of science;

various kinds of figures and numerical data.

The subject of statistics as a science are:

statistics method;

statistical indicators;

grouping and classification;

quantitative patterns of mass varying social phenomena.

Specify the correct answer. Statistical science was born:

before the beginning of the modern era of reckoning;

An employee for whom the collection of statistical data is professional activity, is named:

an extra;

statistician;

census taker;

data collector.

The main section of statistical science is:

math statistics;

probability theory;

industrial statistics;

general theory of statistics.

The aggregate is:

any subject set of phenomena of nature and society;

a set of elements that have common features;

a real-life set of homogeneous elements that have common features and internal connection;

mathematical set.

The element of the collection is:

aggregate sign;

element of a mathematical set;

information carrier;

element of the periodic table.

Which of the following signs is variable:

the price of one kilogram of goods;

boiling point of water;

dollar rate;

the speed at which a body falls in a vacuum.

Signs of the elements of the statistical population are only:

quantitative;

quantitative and qualitative;

quality;

dimensionless.

Variation is:

change of mass phenomena in time;

change in the structure of the statistical population in space;

change of attribute values;

change in the composition of the population.

Tasks:

Indicate what aggregates can be distinguished in a higher educational institution for statistical study?

Indicate which statistical aggregates of credit institutions can be distinguished; spheres of the consumer market; peasant farms.

What quantitative and attributive features can characterize the totality of university students?

Give a list of indicators that could fully characterize the following phenomena in a statistical survey:

population;

consumer market;

industry;

transport and communications;

For this purpose, the monthly journal of the Goskomstat of Russia "Statistical Review" or the statistical yearbooks of the Goskomstat of Russia are used.

What signs - discontinuous or continuous - are:

the population of the country;

the number of marriages and divorces;

production of light industry products in value terms;

capital investments in value terms;

percentage of implementation of the plan of sold products;

the number of seats on the aircraft;

productivity of grain crops in centners from 1 hectare.

According to the statistical collections of the State Statistics Committee of Russia, write down the data characterizing the dynamics for 4-5 years:

population;

production certain types food products;

export and import;

the US dollar exchange rate and the consumer price index for goods and paid services.

Literature:

/1/ pp. 13-15; 21-52; /2/p. 13-27; 32-38; /3/ pp. 12-28; /9/p. eight.; /7/p. 8-18; /19/ pp. 5-12; /8/ pp. 4-14.

CHAPTERI

INTRODUCTION TO THE THEORY OF STATISTICS

CHAPTER 1. STATISTICS AS A SCIENCE

1.1. Guidelines

This theme has great importance not only for the course of the theory of statistics, but for all statistical disciplines in general. It sets out critical issues statistical science: about the subject of statistical science, its method, theoretical foundations, tasks, etc. As a result of studying the topic, the student should get a clear idea of ​​what statistics studies, its place in the system of sciences, theoretical basis, the most important principles, categories and concepts, the main tasks of statistics at the present stage.

The study of the topic should equip the student with an understanding of the fundamentals of statistical theory and statistical methodology.

When considering the material of the topic, it is important to understand the need to attract mass data for an objective knowledge of reality; the leading role of socio-economic categories in statistical research.

It is necessary to master well such important concepts of statistical science as a statistical population, a unit of a population, features and their classification, variation of features, and a statistical indicator. It is impossible to do without them in the further study of other statistical disciplines in which concepts, terms, indicators, formulas of the theory of statistics are used, but their essence, meaning and significance are not explained, since this is the task of the theory of statistics.

The concept of statistics. Statistics, or rather its research methods, is widely used in various areas human knowledge. However, like any science, it requires the definition of the subject of its study. In this regard, a distinction is made between statistics dealing with the study of socio-economic phenomena, which belongs to the cycle of social sciences, and statistics dealing with the laws of natural phenomena, which belongs to the natural sciences.

This course is devoted to the theory of statistics of socio-economic phenomena.

The authors of most modern domestic university textbooks on the theory of statistics (the general theory of statistics) understand statistics as a subject social science, i.e. a science that has its own special subject and method of knowledge. Therefore, in the process of studying the topic, it is necessary to understand that statistics is a social science that studies the quantitative side of qualitatively defined mass socio-economic phenomena and processes, their structure and distribution, location in space, movement in time, revealing the existing quantitative dependencies, trends and patterns, and in specific conditions of place and time.

subject of statistics. When studying the topic, it is necessary first of all to pay special attention to the definition of the subject, method and tasks of statistics, to understanding the essence and content of statistical science, which distinguish it from other socio-economic sciences, as well as from mathematics. Questions of the subject and method of statistics are the initial ones, the first acquaintance with the foundations of statistical science begins with them.

In the process of studying this topic, it is important to understand that statistics as a science studies not individual facts, but mass socio-economic phenomena and processes, acting as a set of individual factors that have both individual and common features.

An object statistical study(in each specific case) in statistics is called a statistical population. Population- this is a set of units that have mass character, homogeneity, a certain integrity, interdependence of the state of individual units and the presence of variation. For example, as special objects of statistical research, i.e. statistical aggregates, there can be many commercial banks registered on the territory of the Russian Federation, many joint-stock companies, many citizens of any country, etc. It is important to remember that the statistical population consists of really existing material objects.

Each individual element of this set is called population unit.Units of the statistical population are characterized common properties, referred to in statistics signs, those. the qualitative homogeneity of the aggregate is understood as the similarity of units (objects, phenomena, processes) for any essential features but differ in some other way. For example, out of the named aggregates, many commercial banks, along with qualitative certainty (belonging to the category of credit institutions), have differences in the size of the declared authorized funds, the number of employees, the amount of assets, etc.

The qualitative certainty of the population, although it has an objective basis, is established in each specific statistical study in accordance with its goals and cognitive tasks.

Units of the population, along with features common to all units, which determine the qualitative certainty of the population, also have individual characteristics and differences that distinguish them from each other, i.e. exists symptom variation. It is due to a different combination of conditions that determine the development of the elements of the set. For example, the level of labor productivity of bank employees is determined by their age, qualifications, attitude to work, etc. It is the presence of variation that predetermines the need for statistics. It must be remembered that the variation of a trait can be reflected statistical distribution aggregate units.

It is also important to remember that statistics, as a science, primarily studies the quantitative side of social phenomena and processes in specific conditions of place and time, i.e. the subject of statistics is the size and quantitative correlations of socio-economic phenomena, the patterns of their connection and development.

Statistics expresses a quantitative characteristic through a certain kind of number, which are called statistical indicators. A statistical indicator reflects the result of measurement for the units of the population and the population as a whole.

However, then the question arises, how is statistics different from mathematics?

The main difference is that statistics studies the quantitative side of qualitatively defined mass social phenomena in given conditions of place and time. Wherein the qualitative certainty of individual phenomena is usually determined by the associated sciences.

When studying this topic, it is important to find out the theoretical foundations of statistics and the problem of applying the law big numbers.

Theoretical foundations of statistics as a science. The theoretical basis of any science, including statistics, is made up of concepts and categories, in the aggregate of which the basic principles of this science are expressed. In statistics, the most important categories and concepts include: totality, variation, sign, regularity.

When studying this issue, it is important to understand that statistical aggregates have certain properties, the carriers of which are aggregate units (phenomena), with certain characteristics. According to the form of external expression, signs are divided into attributive (descriptive, qualitative) and quantitative. attributive(qualitative) signs are not amenable to quantitative (numerical) expression.

difference quantitative characteristics from qualitative ones is that the former can be expressed in totals, for example, the total volume of cargo transportation by transport enterprises, etc., the latter - only in the number of aggregate units, for example, the number of theaters by type of activity.

Quantitative features can be divided into discontinuous (discrete) and continuous.

statistical regularity is a form of expression causation, expressed in the sequence, regularity, recurrence of events with a sufficiently high degree of probability, if the causes (conditions) that generate the events do not change or change slightly. Statistical

the regularity is established on the basis of the analysis of mass data. It arises as a result of the action of objective laws, expressing causal relations.

Since a statistical pattern is found as a result of mass statistical observation, this determines its relationship with the law of large numbers.

The essence of the law of large numbers lies in the fact that in the numbers summing up the result of mass observations, certain regularities appear that cannot be detected on a small number of factors. The law of large numbers is generated by the properties of mass phenomena. It is important to remember that the tendencies and regularities revealed with the help of the law of large numbers are valid only as mass tendencies, but not as laws for each separate, individual case.

The subject and method are the essence of any science, including statistics.

statistics method. Statistics as a science has developed techniques and methods for studying mass social phenomena, depending on the characteristics of its subject and the tasks that are posed in its study. The techniques and methods by which statistics studies its subject form the statistical methodology.

Statistical methodology is understood as a system of techniques, methods and methods aimed at studying quantitative patterns that manifest themselves in the structure, dynamics and relationships of socio-economic phenomena. The task of statistical research is to obtain generalizing characteristics and identify patterns in social life in specific conditions of place and time, which manifest themselves only in a large mass of phenomena through overcoming the randomness inherent in its individual elements. It is important to understand that a statistical study consists of three stages:

1. statistical observation;
2. summary and grouping of observation results;
3. analysis of the obtained generalizing indicators.

All three stages are interconnected, and each of them uses special methods, explained by the content of the work performed.

Cognitive tasks of statistics. Based on the nature and main features of the subject of statistics as a science, the following tasks can be formulated. This study:

The level and structure of mass socio-economic phenomena and processes;

Interrelations of mass socio-economic phenomena and processes;

Dynamics of mass socio-economic phenomena and processes.

It is also important to understand that statistics consists of a number of branches that have emerged in the process of development, and general theory of statistics is the methodological basis, the core of all sectoral statistics, as it develops the most general concepts, categories, principles that have a general statistical meaning, and methods for the quantitative study of socio-economic phenomena.

1.2. Tasks and exercises

1.1. Name as an example the spheres of public life studied by statistics.

1.2. Formulate a definition of statistics as a science and give it an appropriate justification.

1.3. Describe the main features of the definition of the subject of statistics:

a) Why is statistics a social science?

b) why does statistics study the quantitative side of social phenomena in connection with their qualitative content?

c) why does statistics study mass phenomena?

d) why should every statistical study be based on the study of all relevant facts?

1.4. What types (quantitative or attributive) do the following features belong to:

a) the number of employees in the firm;

b) family ties of family members;

c) gender and age of the person;

d) the social status of a depositor in Sberbank;

e) number of storeys of residential premises;

f) the number of children in the family;

g) retail turnover of trade associations.

1.5. Indicate what aggregates can be distinguished in a higher educational institution for statistical study?

1.6. Indicate which statistical aggregates of credit institutions can be distinguished; spheres of the consumer market; peasant farms.

1.7. What quantitative and attributive features can characterize the totality of university students?

1.8. The totality of commercial banks in Moscow is investigated. What quantitative and qualitative features can characterize it?

1.9. What are the most significant varying features that characterize student group.

1.10. What are the main factor signs, which determine the variation in student performance.

1.11. What indicators can characterize the population of the city?

1.12. Give a list of indicators that could fully characterize the following phenomena in a statistical survey:

a) population;

b) consumer market;

c) industry;

d) transport and communication.

For this purpose, use the monthly journal of the Goskomstat of Russia "Statistical Review" or the statistical yearbooks of the Goskomstat of Russia.

1.13. Name the variable and non-variable signs in people, farms.

1.14. Find relevant data and compare the sex composition of the Russian population according to the 1970, 1979 and 1989 censuses. Based on this comparison, what conclusions can be drawn about the sex structure of the Russian population and the trends in its change?

1.15. What signs - discontinuous or continuous - are:

a) the population of the country;

b) the number of marriages and divorces;

c) production of light industry products in value terms;

d) capital investments in value terms;

e) the percentage of implementation of the plan for sold products;

f) the number of seats in the aircraft;

g) the yield of grain crops in centners per 1 ha.

1.16. What types (qualitative or quantitative) are the following characteristics:

a) the wage category of the worker;

b) academic score;

c) form of ownership;

d) type of school (primary, incomplete secondary, etc.);

e) nationality;

e) being married.

1.17. Find in the statistical collection of the State Statistics Committee of Russia and write down statistical indicators for several qualitative and quantitative characteristics.

1.18. From the same collection (see task 1.17), write out the data on several discontinuous and continuous quantitative characteristics.

1.19. Using statistical collections, write down the data characterizing the structure:

b) use of monetary income of the population;

c) production investments by sectors of the economy.

1.20. According to the statistical collections of the State Statistics Committee of Russia, write down the data characterizing the dynamics for four to five years:

a) population;

b) production of certain types of food products;

c) export and import;

d) the US dollar exchange rate and the consumer price index for goods and paid services.

1.21. Name what concepts, categories and methods are presented in the branch of statistical science - the general theory of statistics.

1.22. What is the study of economic statistics. Which industries economic statistics you know?

1.23. Specify what explains the division of statistical science into separate branches and why the study of statistical science begins with the general theory of statistics?

1.24. List the specific methods inherent in statistical research.

1.25. What statistical collections do you know that are published in Russia?

1. Practical exercises. On this topic, it is advisable to hold a seminar "Statistical science, its subject and method." Sample workshop plan:

a) the subject of statistics;

b) statistical method;

c) branches of statistical science and tasks of statistics in a market economy.

In the process of discussing points a) and b) of the seminar plan, the following should be disclosed: the object of statistical study, the specific features of statistical science, its differences from other social sciences and the role qualitative analysis in statistics. Here, questions about the significance of the theory of knowledge as the methodological basis of statistical science and about the specific features of the statistical method should be considered. In the last paragraph of the seminar plan, it is necessary to consider the role of the general theory of statistics as a branch of statistical science.

Since the seminars are the first classroom studies in statistics, it is advisable to conduct them according to the reporting system. Practice shows that students usually experience significant difficulties in speaking at the first lessons without special and thorough preparation on any issue. The presentation of reports mobilizes the attention of the entire audience, arouses a desire to speak out on the issues under discussion.

At the same time, we do not consider the reporting system of seminars obligatory for everyone. Depending on the specific features of the group, its composition, a “free” form of the seminar can also be used, without preliminary distribution of reports among students.

2. Tasks for independent extracurricular work of students. You can offer to write short essays on the topic, as well as essays on outstanding scientists, for example, A. Quetelet, V. Petty, Yu.Ya. Yanson, A.I. Chuprov, A.A. Kaufman, A.A. Chuprov and others.

3. Auditor's examination. On the topic, it is advisable to spend a half-hour test in the form of students' short answers to one or two questions (for example, "What is a statistical regularity?", "What does statistics study?", etc.). You can also recommend control questions built on the basis and interpretation of specific statistical material. In particular, students are encouraged to propose a system of indicators characterizing the population, for example, countries, regions, districts, and ask them to draw the appropriate conclusions, as well as control questions in the form of tests.

Send your good work in the knowledge base is simple. Use the form below

Students, graduate students, young scientists who use the knowledge base in their studies and work will be very grateful to you.

Hosted at http://www.allbest.ru/

federal state budgetary educational institution higher professional education

"RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF PEOPLE'S ECONOMY AND PUBLIC SERVICE UNDER THE PRESIDENT OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION"

CHELYABINSK BRANCH

Management department

Specialty / field of study Management

Department of Statistics

CONTROL COURSE WORK

BY STATISTICS

subject of statistics. Population

3rd year student, group M 5-13

Correspondence form of education

Grigoriev Evgeny Vladimirovich

Work manager:

Lavrenteva Irina Viktorovna Doctor of Economics, Assoc.

population customer bank statistics

Chelyabinsk 2015

Option number 1

Question1. Describe the main features of the definition of the subject of statistics:

a) Why is statistics a social science?

b) why does statistics study the quantitative side of social phenomena in connection with their qualitative content?

c) why does statistics study mass phenomena?

d) why should every statistical study be based on the study of all relevant facts?

ANSWER:

a) The concept of "statistics" derived from Latin word"status", which in translation means - position, state, order of phenomena. The term "statistics" was introduced into scientific circulation by Gottfried Achenwal (1719 - 1772), a professor at the University of Göttingen.

Depending on the object of study, statistics as a science is divided into social, demographic, economic, industrial, commercial, banking, financial, medical, etc. General properties of statistical data, regardless of their nature and methods of their analysis are considered mathematical statistics and the general theory of statistics.

Statistics deals primarily with the quantitative side of the phenomena and processes of social life. One of characteristic features statistics is that when studying the quantitative side of social phenomena and processes, it always reflects the qualitative features of the phenomena under study, i.e. studies quantity in inseparable connection, unity with quality.

The most important components of the statistical methodology are: 1) mass observation; 2) grouping, the use of generalizing (summary) characteristics; 3) analysis and generalization of statistical facts and detection of patterns in the studied phenomena.

b) Statistics studies the quantitative side of mass social phenomena in close connection with their qualitative side or content, and also investigates the quantitative expression of the laws of social development under specific conditions of place and time. Such a study is based on a system of categories (concepts) that reflect the most general and essential properties, signs, connections and relationships of objects and phenomena of the objective world.

c) In a broad sense, statistics is a science that studies mass phenomena occurring in aggregates of certain factors or phenomena of a certain property and between interacting aggregates. The very same set, as the sum of facts, signs, phenomena, consists of elements, the disappearance of one of which does not destroy the qualitative characteristics of this set. So, the population of the city remains its population even after one of the components of its content - an individual moved to another city or another locality or even left the given country. Or Agriculture, transport and industry remain certain aggregates corresponding to their characteristics even when the sectoral structure or their significance in the production of the gross national product undergoes noticeable changes.

Different aggregates as a whole consist of units, which in turn can be characterized by their parameters, properties, their content, which affects the content of the entire aggregate that unites these units in units. If we are talking about industry, then statistics consider it as a set (sum) of enterprises. And each enterprise, forming one of its constituent units, in turn is characterized by its content in terms of the number of jobs, equipment, and the production of relevant statistics.

A specific feature of statistics is that in all cases its data refer to the sum of factors, i.e. to the entire population. The characterization of individual individual data makes sense only as a basis, a basis for obtaining general and summary characteristics of the population under study.

Thus, statistics as a science in a broad sense studies all mass phenomena, no matter what area they belong to. Studying a mass phenomenon, statistics characterizes it not only quantitatively. By using numerical values, but also qualitatively, revealing its content and dynamics of development.

d) To derive and confirm their theoretical laws, most of the social sciences use statistics. The conclusions formed on statistical studies are used by economics, history, sociology, political science and many others. humanities. Statistics is also necessary for the social sciences to confirm their theoretical basis, and its practical role is very great. Neither large enterprises nor serious industries, developing a strategy for economic and social development object, cannot do without the analysis of statistical data. For this, special analytical departments and services are organized at enterprises and industries, attracting specialists who have completed professional training in this discipline.

Statistics does not investigate individual facts, but mass socio-economic phenomena and processes that act as sets of individual facts that have both individual and general characteristics. The object of statistical research is called a statistical population. A statistical aggregate is a set of units that have mass character, homogeneity, a certain integrity, interdependence of the states of individual units and the presence of variation. Each individual element of this set is called a unit of the statistical population. Units of the population are characterized by common properties, i.e. signs. The qualitative homogeneity of the population is understood as the similarity of units in some essential features and the difference in some other features. Each unit of the population has individual characteristics and differences that distinguish them from each other, i.e. there is a so-called feature variation.

Question #2. Indicate what aggregates can be distinguished in a higher educational institution for statistical study?

ANSWER:

A statistical aggregate is a set of units that have mass character, homogeneity, a certain integrity, interdependence of the state of individual units and the presence of variation.

The following aggregates can be distinguished in the university:

1. Students

2. Teachers

3. Maintenance staff

4. Learning aids

5. Audiences

QUESTION #3

Trading company "Partiya" instructs you to develop a form of a questionnaire survey of buyers in order to study the contingent visiting the company, meet their demand and time spent on purchasing the necessary audio and video equipment. Indicate what kind of observation this observation belongs to in terms of time, coverage and method of obtaining data.

ANSWER:

The statistical observation carried out in the original problem allows us to understand what kind it belongs to. First, the method of statistical observation used by the company "Party" is a questionnaire survey, that is, the collection of information in the form of questionnaires. Secondly, in terms of the time of registration of facts, this observation is a one-time one, since this survey provides information about quantitative characteristics any phenomenon or process at the time of its study. And thirdly, the above statistical observation on the coverage of units of the population is not continuous, monographic, that is, only a certain part, individual units of the population, namely the buyers visiting the firm "Partiya" are subject to the survey.

The purpose of the survey is to study the contingent of people:

1. Visiting the firm.

2. Meeting their needs.

3. Time spent on purchasing audio and video equipment.

QUESTION #4

Use logical control to test the following responses to the census questionnaire:

a) surname, name, patronymic - Ivanova Irina Petrovna;

b) gender - male; - ERROR gender - female

c) age - 5 years; - ERROR difficult to fix

d) whether he is currently married - yes;

e) nationality - Russian;

f) native language - Russian;

g) education - secondary specialized;

h) place of work - kindergarten;

i) occupation at this place of work - a nurse.

In response to which questions, erroneous entries are most likely made? Can any of them be fixed?

QUESTION#5

The following data are known on the main performance indicators of the largest banks in one of the regions of the Russian Federation (conditional data):

(million rubles)

Build a grouping of commercial banks according to the size of their own capital, highlighting four groups at equal intervals. Calculate for each group the amount of assets, equity, attracted resources, balance sheet profit. Present the grouping results in tabular form. Carry out a combinational grouping according to any other attribute.

ANSWER:

As a grouping feature, we take the capital of the bank. We form four groups of banks with equal intervals. The value of the interval is determined by the formula:

Let's denote the boundaries of the groups:

1st group - 12.0-39.2

2nd group - 39.2-66.4

3rd group - 66.4-93.6

4th group - 93.6-120.8

After the grouping attribute - capital is determined, the number of groups is set - 4 and the groups themselves are formed, it is necessary to select indicators that characterize the groups and determine their values ​​for each group. The indicators characterizing the banks are divided into four specified groups and the group totals are calculated. The results of the grouping are entered into a table and the overall results are determined for the totality of units of observation for each indicator.

As a grouping feature, we take the sum of the bank's assets. We form two groups of banks with equal intervals. The value of the interval is determined by the formula:

Let's denote the boundaries of the groups:

1st group - 516.7-581.15

2nd group - 581.15-645.6

Hosted on Allbest.ru

Similar Documents

Statistical methodology and statistical indicators. Principles of organization of statistics, its role in the planned and market economy. Reforming Kazakhstani statistics. Forms of statistical observation. Statistical reporting, summaries and censuses.

course of lectures, added 02/11/2010


The concept of statistics, the ways of its development, distinctive features mass phenomena and signs of aggregate units. Forms, types and methods of statistical observation. Tasks and types of statistical summary. Grouping method, absolute and relative indicators.

abstract, added 01/20/2010


Statistics as one of the oldest branches of knowledge that arose on the basis of economic accounting. Development of statistics as a science. Definition of the subject of statistics. Statistical observation as a stage of statistical research. Methods and indicators of statistics.

test, added 01/20/2010


Concept and levels of statistics, connection with other sciences. Its categories are: unit, indicator, set of varying phenomena, attributive and quantitative signs, regularity of changes in mass phenomena and processes. Stages of statistical research.

presentation, added 03/16/2014


Short story the origin and development of statistics as a science. Subject of study and characteristics of the main tasks of statistics. Statistical methods for collecting and processing data to obtain reliable estimates and results. Sources of statistical data.

lecture, added 02/13/2011


Development of statistical science. Subject of statistics, tasks and methodology. The structure of statistical science. Organization of statistics in the Russian Federation. National and departmental statistics. Information fund.

abstract, added 09.10.2006


The subject, method and organization of statistics is a science that studies the quantitative side of mass phenomena and processes in close connection with their qualitative side. Causality, regression, correlation as the main statistical methods for identifying relationships.

tutorial, added 02/05/2011


The essence of price in a market economy and the tasks of statistics. Essence of inflation and inflationary processes. Statistical monitoring of prices. The study of the structure of the sample population of retail outlets in the city. System of statistical indicators of inflation.

term paper, added 05/16/2010


The concept and subject of statistics, theoretical foundations and categories, relationship with other sciences. Object and method of studying statistics. The main tasks, principles of organization and functions of state statistics in the Russian Federation. Examples of statistical patterns.

lecture, added 03/02/2012


Essence and subject of statistics of the market of goods and services. Tasks, methods and indicators statistical characteristic efficiency of market processes, directions of their development. Methodology of statistics: definition of turnover, study of the market for goods and services.

Topic 1. Subject and method of statistical science.

1. What aggregates can be distinguished in a higher educational institution for statistical study?

2. Specify, what aggregates can be allocated for statistical study in trade?

3. What are the most significant varying features that characterize the student group?

4. What indicators can characterize the totality of athletes?

5. What quantitative and qualitative features can characterize the population of Yaroslavl?

Topic 2. Statistical observation.

1. Forms of organization and types of statistical observation.

2. Preparation of statistical observation.

3. Errors of statistical observation.

Practical task.

1. Formulate the object, the purpose of observation and develop a program: a) a sample survey of cafe visitors; b) examination of the level of qualification of employees of a trade enterprise; c) alumni surveys educational institution. d) census of trade enterprises.

2. Design a layout of a statistical table that characterizes the size of the turnover of several department stores known to you per one workplace and per square meter of sales area.

Essay topics

1. Tasks and main directions of development of methods of statistical observation.

2. Main directions of use statistical information in modern society.

3. Methods of collecting information in sociological research.

Topic 3. Summary and grouping of statistical data

Practical task.

1. The following data are available on the sale of goods and distribution costs for trade enterprises, million rubles:

To identify the relationship between the volume of retail turnover and distribution costs, group the enterprises according to the volume of retail turnover, forming four groups at equal intervals.

For each group and set of enterprises as a whole, calculate:

1) number of enterprises;

2) the volume of trade - total and on average per enterprise;

3) the amount of distribution costs - in total and on average per enterprise;

4) the relative level of distribution costs (percentage of the sum of distribution costs to the volume of retail turnover).

Present the calculation results in the form of a group table. Write short conclusions.

2. Using the method of analytical grouping, establish the presence and nature of the relationship between the number of industrial and production personnel and output per enterprise according to the following data (Create five groups at equal intervals, arrange the results in the form of a working and analytical table):

Topic 4. Statistical quantities.

1. Essence, meaning and classification of statistical indicators.

2. The concept of systems of statistical indicators.

3. Statistical tables.

4. Main types of charts.

Practical task.

1. Indicate what types of relative values ​​can be calculated from the following data:

2. Based on the following data, determine the degree of fulfillment of the plan for the production of products by the workshop, using the method of conditionally natural measurement.

According to the previous task, construct a statistical series of distribution of enterprises by output, forming five groups of enterprises with equal intervals. Plot Distribution Series Plots

Essay topics

1. Systems of indicators of the standard of living.

2. The system of statistical indicators of the service sector

3. Development of a system of indicators of regional statistics.

4. System of indicators of gender statistics.

5. System of indicators characterizing the situation of children in the Russian Federation.

Topic 5. Mean values ​​and indicators of variation.

Practical task.

1. Calculate the characteristics of the distribution series obtained in task No. 1 of topic 3: arithmetic mean, standard deviation, variance, coefficient of variation.

Topic 6. Statistical study speakers

1. Concept and classification of series of dynamics.

2. Rules for constructing time series.

3. Indicators of the analysis of series of dynamics.

4. The structure of the series of dynamics. Checking the series for a trend.

5. Analysis of seasonal fluctuations.

Essay topics

1. Problems of reconstruction of Russian statistics for a long period.

2. Statistics in the works of Western Sovietologists: the rate of economic growth of the USSR.

3. Alternative estimates of the dynamics of the Russian economy.

4. System of indicators of market conditions.

Topic 8. Statistical study of relationships.

1. The role of statistics in the study of relationships. Statistical methods for studying relationships.

2. Problems of statistical modeling.

3. Correlation and regression methods of communication analysis.

4. Non-parametric methods for estimating the connection.

Essay topics

1. Relationship between socio-economic indicators and voting results.

2. Non-traditional applications statistical methods(catastrophe theory).

3. Application of mathematical and statistical methods for analyzing relationships.