Have there been incidents with you when, while reading the works of Russian classics, you did not understand what they were writing about? Most likely, this was not due to your inattention to the plot of the work, but because of the writer's style, which includes obsolete words, dialectisms.

V. Rasputin, V. Astafiev, M. Sholokhov, N. Nekrasov, L. Tolstoy, A. Chekhov, V. Shukshin, S. Yesenin liked to express themselves with words of this type. And this is only a small part of them.

Accurate language analysis and demographic data testify to the Bulgarian origin of the population in the Golo-Bardo region. This article is related to her article "Language Interference in the Speech of the Bulgarian Diaspora" in the village of Stilbevo, Golo Brdo - Albania. In it, she analyzes in detail the historical and demographic characteristics of the village and notes with interest that the inhabitants themselves call their own Czech. A special place is separated by the etymology of the village name and toponymy, as it seems that it preserves the ancient Bulgarian vocabulary.

Deep analysis shows that interference occurs at the lexical and syntactic level, which is accompanied by rich illustrative material. Associate Professor Petkova's research on dialectical phonetics is also a contribution. In his article "Changes of lateral consonants" in the speech of the village of Peturnitsa, Pleven, the author analyzes the unique nature of the phonetic system of speech research. This change is rare in Bulgarian dialects, but it definitely links the speech of Petarnitsa with other dialects in the Bulgarian language area - Vratsa, Tetovo; proves the continuity, the unity of the Bulgarian dialect continuum both inside and outside the Republic of Bulgaria.

Dialectisms: what is it and how many types exist

Dialects are words whose area of ​​distribution and use is limited to some territory. They are widely used in the vocabulary of the rural population.

Examples of dialectisms in Russian show that they are characterized by individual characteristics concerning phonetics, morphology, vocabulary:

Petkov is also interested in using dialect words in the works of the great masters of Bulgarian art - dialectism in fiction. Important area scientific work Associated toponymy can be depicted as a mirror of human history, as it reflects ethnic names, historical events, familiarity with home life and personal names of people. That is why the author solves the problems of toponymy with enthusiasm and perseverance. Petkova offers a historical-linguistic, lexical-semantic and linguistic-structural analysis of local names from the former Pleven region, which covers 55 settlements.

1. Phonetic dialectisms.

2. Morphological dialectisms.

3. Lexical:

  • actually lexical;
  • lexico-semantic;

4. Ethnographic dialectisms.

5. Word-building dialectisms.

Dialectisms are also found at the syntactic, phraseological levels.

Types of dialectisms as separate features of the original Russian people

In order to recognize the original features of the dialect of the Russian people, it is necessary to consider dialectisms in more detail.

Problems of Bulgarian toponymy are also devoted to other studies: a dialectical dictionary in the toponymy of Pleven; Dialectical dictionary and toponyms. In them, the author skillfully distinguishes local names with an old character, as well as the border between home and foreign dialect lexicon in the toponymy of Pleven. Her observations on the origins of toponyms, as well as on their linguistic characteristics, are interesting.

On the problems of anthroponymy Assoc. Petkova focused on her first scientific research having studied: the names of the Bulgarian kings and rulers and their distribution in Veliko Tarnovo; For some major trends in choosing a personal name. Research interest is attracted by some problems of sociolinguistics and colloquial speech: sociolinguistic aspect in the study of dialectical material; For the phonetic features of literary-speaking speech.

Examples of dialectisms:

  • The replacement of one or more letters in a word is typical for phonetic dialectisms: pshhono - millet - Khvedor - Fedor.
  • Word changes that are not the norm in terms of matching words in sentences are typical for morphological dialectisms: I spoke with smart people (substitution of cases, plural and singular).
  • Words and expressions that are found only in a certain locality, which do not have phonetic and derivational analogues. Words whose meaning can only be understood from the context are called lexical dialectisms. In general, in the well-known dictionary use, they have equivalent words that are understandable and known to everyone. The following dialectisms (examples) are typical for the southern regions of Russia: beetroot - beetroot - beetroot - onion.
  • Words that are used only in a particular region, which have no analogues in the language due to their correlation with the characteristics of the life of the population, are called "ethnographic dialectisms". Examples: shanga, shanga, shaneshka, shanechka - a dialectism denoting a certain type of cheesecake with a top potato layer. These delicacies are widespread only in a certain region; they cannot be characterized in one word from general use.
  • Dialectisms that have arisen due to a special affixal design are called derivational: guska - goose, pokeda - yet.

Lexical dialectisms as a separate group

Due to their heterogeneity, lexical dialectisms are divided into the following types:

Petkov is also interested in lexicography. Bonzolova were published in the Dictionary of New Words in Modern Bulgarian. Encyclopedia of Modern Bulgarian literary language is the author of 6 articles presenting major linguistic journals. It is known that a certain semantics of words reflects certain cultural phenomena. Not only knowledge of the language is sufficient, but it is also necessary to have knowledge of the perception and ethno-cultural traditions of the nation. These issues of ethnology and linguoculturology attracted the attention of Associate Professor Petkova during her 4-year stay in Albania as a teacher of the Bulgarian language, literature and culture, Zukay became the author of the article “Landscape in the world of the Albanian language”.

  • Actually lexical: dialectisms that have a common meaning with general literary ones, but differ from them in spelling. They can be called peculiar synonyms for commonly understood and well-known words: beets - sweet potato - stitch - track.
  • Lexico-semantic. Almost the exact opposite of lexical dialectisms: have the same spelling and pronunciation, but differ in meaning. Correlating them, it is possible to characterize as homonyms in relation to each other.

For example, the word "peppy" in different parts of the country can have two meanings.

It emphasizes that the elements of the geographical environment are directly reflected in the minds of the Albanians and appear in the language. Therefore, he analyzes such an important concept in the Albanian language and consciousness as the term "mountain". It is essential to participate in scientific project"Tesaurus of Bulgarian toponymy" - an inexhaustible source of information about the cultural and historical past and national identity.

co-author teaching aids: manual on phonetics and phonology of the modern Bulgarian literary language; Bulgarian lexicology. Collection of exercises; Spelling and punctuation - tasks and texts for exercises; Reference book on Bulgarian phonetics; Phone booklet with spelling practice.

  1. Literary: energetic, full of energy.
  2. Dialect meaning (Ryazan): smart, neat.

Thinking about the purpose of dialectisms in the Russian language, we can assume that, despite the differences with general literary words, they replenish the stocks of the Russian literary vocabulary along with them.

The role of dialectisms

The role of dialectisms for the Russian language is diverse, but first of all they are important for the inhabitants of the country.

Petkova is an excellent lecturer. The role for this game is her great love for the profession, her teaching, her respect for the students, to which they respond with respect and appreciation. Temporarily slow down or minimize the life processes of certain lower animals, microbes, plants, and humans by changing external conditions, which are restored as long as living conditions are created. The process of digesting food and turning it into a cell. A hormone that acts like a dope. Hypersensitivity of the body to certain drugs; compare with: allergy.


Functions of dialectisms:

  1. Dialectisms are one of essential funds oral communication for people living in the same territory. It was from oral sources that they penetrated into written ones, giving rise to the following function.
  2. The dialectisms used at the level of district and regional newspapers contribute to a more accessible presentation of the information provided.
  3. Fiction takes information about dialectisms from the colloquial speech of residents of specific regions and from the press. They are used to convey local features of speech, and also contribute to a more vivid transmission of the character of the characters.

Some expressions slowly but surely fall into the general literary fund. They become known and understood by everyone.

Blessed bread distributed during worship; bulletin. Anaphoric; anaphoric - linguistic. A person who has no sexual attraction to a woman. Anachronism; anachronistic distortion Wrong direction of an event from one epoch to another, discrepancy in time; for example: Mention of persons and objects not related to this time; the use of words that are not known at the specified time; Law, opinion, opinion, etc. Obsolete and obsolete; anachronism.

Anachronistic, anachronistic; anachronistic, anachronistic Who does not correspond to his time, mistakenly accepted at another time; What does not correspond to modernity, outdated, outdated. A sentence or phrase that retains its meaning when read from the end to the beginning, for example: scarlet feather. The dialect is suitable for informal communication, in formal communication it is useful to use the literary language. Residents of Veliko Tarnovo have the confidence that they live in a city of Bulgarian education and culture.

The study of the functions of dialectisms by researchers


P.G. Pustovoit, exploring the work of Turgenev, focused on dialectisms, examples of words and their meaning, he names the following functions:

  • characterological;
  • cognitive;
  • speech dynamization;
  • cumulation.

V.V. Vinogradov based on the works of N.V. Gogol identifies the following series of functions:

As the descendants of the Boyarysh literary school say, no one in Veliko Tarnovo talks about the dialect. Man: Tyrnov's speech is correct - the first literary schools were here. Woman: "I don't think there is a dialect, but there are people who speak differently - there are exceptions."

Man: "In Tarnovo we talk the most." However, those who are not Bologna's roots are categorical that even here the streets can hear words that are far from pure literary language. Woman: "Let me call you - that's the weirdest thing - it's not incomprehensible, but it's typical here."

  • characterological (reflective) - it contributes to coloring the speech of characters;
  • nominative (naming) - manifests itself when using ethnographisms and lexical dialectisms.

The most complete classification of functions was developed by Professor L.G. Samotik. Lyudmila Grigoryevna singled out 7 functions for which dialectisms are responsible in a work of art:

Woman: "In Sofia, Bansko has special words, even if they don't speak slowly, you can't understand them." Notka's embarrassment is perceived in the talk of the Turks about the possible formalization of dialects in Bulgaria. Woman: "If these dialects appear in the Bulgarian vocabulary, it may be necessary to learn some new Bulgarian language."

Woman: "It is necessary to speak one official language, and dialectic forms are characteristic of different regions, and it is normal to speak in certain regions. The important thing is that the theme of dialects in no way spoils the Christmas mood in the old capital. Evenings small and large come together to enjoy mulled wine and delicious sausages at the incredible Christmas market built in Vienna.

Modeling;

nominative;

emotive;

Culminative;

Aesthetic;

phatic;

Characterological.

Literature and dialectisms: what threatens the abuse?

Over time, the popularity of dialectisms, even at the oral level, decreases. Therefore, writers and correspondents should use them sparingly in their work. Otherwise, the perception of the meaning of the work will be difficult.

The dialect is not something that does not exist in Bulgarian, but it should be used when necessary, as an assistant manager to Marina Donova. In a study of the introduction of dialects into the literary language, it turns out that about 90 percent of people recognize deviations from the literal norm. The forms "walk", "record" are recognized only as incorrect by about 50%. Soft speech, recognized as dialectical speech, is the phonetic variation that is most difficult to control.

The media are trying to use literary language. Mistakes allow everyone, no one can speak without mistakes. You can see the entire display. A special, unique character impresses with the Silesian song of Piotr Bezruch, which involves the use of regional and dialectal elements. In Czech poetry of a supra-regional nature, Bezruch's poem is also unique in this respect. In essence, we limit ourselves to terms that the author himself explains in the notes at the end of the book. In addition to regionalism in the appellative vocabularies of Silesian songs, there is little that the share of proper names in the regional lexicon is local and personal.


Dialectisms. Examples of inappropriate use

When working on a work, you need to think over the relevance of each word. First of all, you should think about the appropriateness of using dialect vocabulary.


As you can see, the origin of the region is especially pronounced in terms of spelling and sometimes even graphic polonisms. The entire text file of the Silesian Songs is known to have been created gradually over many decades; if it is its own dialect, it belongs to the oldest layer - the core of Silesian songs - only a tiny part of it.

It can also be words that have become extinct, usually taken from neighboring languages; these words correspond to those of the wider Moravian circle, and of the whole of Bohemia. Finally, these are expressions that today live only among the Poles in Silesia and so rarely. Particular attention in the cycle of poems by Teshine Beskydy deserves Goral vocabulary, common and often Wallachian dialect and even wider Carpathian. It is heavily articulated with Wallach's colonial colonization, including the names of Gigula and Godula.

For example, instead of the dialect-regional word "kosteril" it is better to use the general literary "scold". Instead of "promised" - "promised".

The main thing is to always understand the line of moderate and appropriate use of dialect words.

Dialecticisms should help the perception of the work, and not hinder it. To understand how to use this figure of the Russian language correctly, you can ask for help from the masters of the word: A.S. Pushkin, N.A. Nekrasov, V.G. Rasputin, N.S. Leskov. They skillfully, and most importantly, moderately used dialectisms.

Finally, we can assign the term "golots, indicators of the path". Thus, the vocabulary of Bezruch appears in opposition to the vocabulary of the natural dialect. It's unbelievable how few authors cover the vocabulary. This process has its stages, the first of which we have described as a gentle or velvet revolution, a coup. At the next stages, in terms of the gradual construction new system, obtaining, constitutional law, ensuring human rights and freedoms, the development of a creative personality and the development of entrepreneurship in a market economy.

The use of dialectisms in fiction: I.S. Turgenev and V.G. Rasputin

Some works of I.S. Turgenev is difficult to read. Studying them, you need to think not only about the general meaning of the literary heritage of the writer's work, but also about almost every word.

For example, in the story "Bezhin Meadow" we can find the following sentence:

The former totalitarian system survives in part, apparently within a certain social group, and hidden in the mentality of the people who served or used it. This social situation in the range, with some unbalanced coexistence of the two systems with us is ours historical tradition, their analogues and their specificity, and we are interested in its reflection on the position of the language.

Changes in social life are reflected in language, especially in terms of meaning, in terms of relationships and sets of units of meaning. The meanings are different hierarchies of the Communiqué and used them in sentences and lexical units, words and combinations of words, especially the names of objects and phenomena of social reach. Lexical units are understood here in all formal and meaningful aspects, including grammatical ones. Each distinctive historical break brings new lexical and significant units, but also uses, often with some revaluation, units characteristic of the earlier stages.

“With quick steps I walked a long “area” of bushes, climbed a hill and, instead of this familiar plain ... I saw completely different places unknown to me”

An attentive reader has a logical question: “Why did Ivan Sergeevich put in brackets the seemingly ordinary and appropriate word “area”?”.

The writer personally answers it in another work “Khor and Kalinich”: “In the Oryol province, large continuous masses of bushes are called “squares”.

It becomes clear that this word is widespread only in Oryol region. Therefore, it can be safely attributed to the group of "dialectisms".

Examples of sentences using terms of a narrow stylistic orientation used in the speech of residents of certain regions of Russia can be seen in the stories of V.G. Rasputin. They help him show the identity of the character. In addition, the personality of the hero, his character is reproduced precisely through such expressions.

Examples of dialectisms from the works of Rasputin:

  • Cool down - cool down.
  • To roar - to rage.
  • Pokul - for now.
  • Engage - get in touch.

It is noteworthy that the meaning of many dialectisms cannot be understood without context.


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Dictionary of obsolete and dialect words

B a lchina - a cloud.

Bach and ly - work boots, usually without welts and heels, with round toes and high tops.

Big about th at goal - the front or red corner in the hut where the icons stand.

Boer a k - (zd.) a vessel made of birch bark of a cylindrical or round shape.

Valek - a round long block made of wood or other material that has various uses (for dough, for threshing, etc.).

Ven e c - (zd.) the lower row of logs in the log house.

AT e res - juniper.

Faith I - a pole on which the gate is hung; jamb at the door, gate; a thick pillar supporting the roof (of a barn).

AT e rsha, versha - wicker wattle; fishing tackle.

AT and tsa - flexible rod, branch; rope made of rods, bark.

Guyt a n - lace or braid; ribbon, chain.

Guard e us - curtains, curtains.

G about forehead, golb e c, g about forehead, g about bchik - a fence or closet near the Russian stove; a platform above the closet on the side of the stove; a platform above the entrance to the underground; an extension to the stove in the form of a bench; underground entrance; underground; space under the oven; tombstone in the form of a log house with a roof on two slopes and with a cross.

Goal and k - a broom without leaves.

threshing floor about - a room, a shed for compressed bread; ground for threshing.

Dversl and out, door and vy, doorstyan about th, doorst I ny - easily crumbling, overheated, similar in structure to wood [here: stone].

D e to forge - to fool around, scoff, confuse, knock down.

D about ynitsa - pail; vessel for storing sour cream, milk.

houses and shche - a coffin; log cabin over the grave; home, permanent residence.

dr about to pour - to love; care for someone, spend time with someone.

Dubts s - rods, twigs; rods, sticks.

E rik - a non-flowing branch of the river; a small lake on the site of the old river bed; log in the coastal strip, flooded by flood; ravine.

AND a red spruce, heat about vay spruce - spruce with fine-layered wood, giving a lot of heat when burned; tall, straight spruce.

AND and tnik - bread made from wheat (barley) flour; a pie or flatbread made from wholemeal flour.

AND and then - any bread in grain or on the vine; barley (northern), rye (southern); any spring bread.

Zaam and thread - to protect, deprive the evil forces of effectiveness by pronouncing the word "amen" three times.

W a vertka, Wrapping - a rope, belt or woven loop from rods, with the help of which the shafts are attached to the sled; shafts at the sleigh; the rear wheel of the cart.

Zagn e that, bent, bent e weaving, zagnyotka - the ash pan of the Russian stove; a pole by the stove.

W a shit, s a gvenye - the last day before fasting, on which it is allowed to eat meat.

W a city, h a city, sunburn about d - hedge; (zd.) part of the yard fenced off for livestock.

Per e zdok - (health) seine; wattle fence, which block the river to hold back the passage of fish.

Hall about tender - "unclean" dead, buried in a special way (without a funeral service, under masonry, etc.).

Hall about m - a twisted (broken) bunch of ears, which is usually made by a sorcerer or witch.

Zar about d - a large haystack (not round masonry, but oblong).

W a eaves, jams - a pole, a crossbar supporting the roof of a hut, a barn, etc .; gutter on the lower edge of the roof; thick beam at the edge of the roof.

Zat about n - the bay formed during the flood; long stagnant bay; dam, dam in a river, lake for fishing; a place where there are a lot of fish.

East about pka - (zd.) a place in the stove where firewood is burned, a firebox.

Kalit a - (zd.) purse, purse; leather pouch for money and various small things, suspended from the belt.

To a menka - (zd.) sauna stove.

keel a , to and la - abscess, boil, carbuncle; tumor; moving from place to place aches.

Kom I ha - (zd.) a trough hollowed out of one tree for feeding or watering livestock.

To about pan - a hole dug to collect rainwater; shallow well without a log house; artificial pond.

To about rmchaya - a helmsman's book, a collection of church and secular laws.

To about rshchik - feeder, helmsman.

Firewood fire - a pile or stack of firewood.

Cross about wa - godmother.

Cross s - (zd.) Crossroads.

Cr about sleep - hand loom; thread base when weaving on a manual loom; cloth woven on crosses.

Cr Yu kushki - a place behind the back, shoulder, zakorki.

Kud e eh, where e la - a combed and tied bundle of flax or hemp, harvested for yarn; linen; yarn.

Kut - (health) corner in the hut (most often under the images or near the stove).

Kut I - (healthy) boiled and sweetened wheat grains.

L at yes, stupid a - (zd.) stranded, shallow rocky place.

Loot about shka - linden, from which the bark is removed, the bast is torn off; linden stick, stick without bark, bast; stick.

M a bird, m a tka - the average ceiling beam in the hut.

Young and k - young month (in the first quarter).

Hammer and lo - (zd.) device for manual threshing; chain

Bridge - (zd.) wooden floor in the hut; canopy.

Outgrowth feather - an outgrowth feather, the caudal fin of a fish.

H a uz - amulet, a talisman from the evil eye.

Not easy e ny, not lightweight (horse) - an uncastrated horse.

H about wine (new and on, new a ) - a cleared place for arable land; new harvest bread; narrow.

Nomokan at nets - nomocanon, helmsman's book, code of church laws (thin nomokanunets - distorted nomocanon).

Both I nnik - an eloquent person; witch.

About a yat - stipulate, jinx; bewitch, bewitch.

Ov and n - building, which may include rooms for drying sheaves and for threshing.

O burn, ozhi and g - a stick that stirs the fire in the greenhouse of the fireplace, the poker.

Okrut and t - dress, dress up; dress to the crown; equip, furnish; deceive.

Reply about d - (zd.) gate in the fence of the village; field fence.

Rel about c - (health) thing or edible, put somewhere to get rid of spoilage, illness, misfortune.

P a zuha ov and on - a hole for feeding sheaves; for supplying heat from below; part of the barn from the hole (manhole) to the wall.

P a fuck, p about to whip - to whip.

first a to - (zd.) the first swarm of bees.

Per e days at goal - a red corner in the hut where the icons are located.

Cross-beam - a cross beam connecting rafters or pillars; perch for chickens; fishing tackle; snare.

Pechn about th st about forehead - a pillar at the free corner of the Russian stove, on which two raven beams are attached.

P about vet, pov e t, p about branch - barn; barn; shed, roof over the yard; covered courtyard.

Pog about st - cemetery; rural parish.

Pods and n - the lower part of the barn (a pit with a dryer where a fire is made).

Train a not - wedding guests; members of the wedding train.

Cover at chenik - a worker in the field, usually from a share, a share of the field, on the master's content.

Pauld e nzi - pold e ngi, or half e nah, half. Money is a silver coin, from the 18th century. could be copper; 200 coins (minted from silver hryvnia) were the Moscow ruble.

Floor about k - a board or counter (table, chest), attached on an edge to the wall.

poper e shny - (zd.) transverse person, opponent, debater; a person endowed with unkind witchcraft influence, going and acting contrary.

P about artno, tailor about - narrow rough canvas.

Portian a tablecloth - a tablecloth made of coarse fabric, canvas (port - linen, made of hemp fibers, hemp and linen coarse yarn).

Posid e lol, sit e lki - gatherings of peasant youth on autumn and winter evenings.

Etc a vit - (zd.) straighten, correct; treat.

Prize about r - damage from the evil eye (dishonor - jinx).

Etc and braid - damage.

prip e check - a place in front of the stove, in front of the firebox; stove bench; guardianship, the basis of the furnace, the undercoat.

Prisuch and t - to entangle, draw in; to dry, to weary; bewitch; induce dryness.

Etc and clean - the cause (of the disease); damage; inflow; bad luck, misfortune.

Prichuzh e nye—ghost; sense deception.

conversation e tsya - for the first time after fasting to eat fast.

R and ha - a shed for drying sheaves and threshing.

R about get up - crossing roads, crossroads (where they part, part).

Runtz about - sheep's wool.

Serg a h - the one who leads the bear.

Cm at ry kaft a n - a dark-colored caftan made of undyed cloth, of mixed dark wool.

daughter-in-law a - son's wife; daughter-in-law; brother-in-law's wife.

sporin a - growth, abundance, profit, luck.

Stanov about th ur I dnik - the lower rank in the police, subordinate to the bailiff (stan - a police territorial unit into which counties were divided).

Passionate a I am candle a - a candle that burned during the reading of the 12 Gospels at Easter.

FROM at darker window about - a window at the front (red) corner or at the stove corner.

Sushi and lo - part of the barn; high poles with grating, where sheaves are dried.

Heat and on - a fire in a barn, a barn pit or a furnace.

T and amusing - chest.

Tonsk a i izb a - living quarters on the tone.

Tone I - a place where fish are caught; fishing.

T about grew up - (healthy) winter hunting of the beast.

stupid and tsa - a blunt knife or scraper for furrier work.

T s n - wooden solid fence, palisade.

cherub and mskaya - the cherubic hymn, performed during mass at the solemn beginning of the liturgy of the faithful, when the royal doors open.

Chernob s flax - bylnyak, alarm clock, a large species of wormwood.

Black m at rin - Negro, Moor.

Ches a lo - comb.

Shamshur - women's headdress.

W a tenderness, sh a nechka - a kind of cheesecake, juicy or simple flatbread.

Pole about j - platform in front of the mouth of the Russian furnace.

Shlapat a t - spank, make noise.

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Dictionary of the most commonly used Slavic words and expressions found in prayers AAdam called out - Adam was called from hell. Hell was captivated - hell was captivated. Az - I am. .Choose governor ...

From book Explanatory Bible. Volume 9 author Lopukhin Alexander

37. For by your words you will be justified, and by your words you will be condemned. The closest meaning of this expression is that a person is justified or condemned by his own words in an ordinary human court. But this idea is elevated to a principle, and it is generally said that the words of a person

From the book Diaries 1870-1911. author (Kasatkin) Nicholas of Japan

Dictionary of used Japanese words Dictionary of used Japanese wordsAbori - not parsed. Azukari-kata is a cashier-manager. Ayai-sya is a publishing house under the Mission. Amma - massage, blind masseur. Asagao - morning glory plant. Baisin - vassal of a vassal, subvassal. Bakka -

From book New Testament(translation "Good News") author author unknown

DICTIONARY Aaro?n is the brother of Moses and the first priest. Only his descendants could be priests. Abba? (aram.) - this is how the children called their father, and this is how Jesus Christ addressed God. Abraham - the ancestor of the people of Israel, the first person who believed in the one God

From the book Good News. New Testament translated from ancient Greek the author New Testament

Dictionary Aaar?n - brother of Moses and the first priest. Only his descendants could be priests. Abb? (aram.) - this is how the children called their father, and this is how Jesus Christ addressed God. Avra?

From the Bible book (Modern translation of the Russian Bible Society 2011) author bible

Dictionary Aaro?n - brother of Moses and the first priest. Only his descendants could be priests.A66a? (aram.) - this is how the children called their father, and this is how Jesus Christ addressed God. Abraham - the ancestor of the people of Israel, the first person who believed in the one God

From the book Handbook of the Orthodox Believer. Sacraments, prayers, divine services, fasting, church arrangement author Mudrova Anna Yurievna

Appendix 4 Dictionary of Church Terms and Obscure Words A ABIE - immediately, right awayAZ - yaAKAFIST - "non-saddle", - a prayer that does not sit while reading ALLELUIA - "praise God" AMEN - true; true so IS POSSIBLE - where else - if, although, LIAS-BO - if ELSE-UBO - if

From the book of creation author Lyon Irenaeus

Chapter VII. An answer to an objection borrowed from St. Paul. The apostle sometimes uses a permutation of words 1. As to what they say, that Paul in the second (epistle) to the Corinthians clearly said: In whom the God of this world has blinded the minds of unbelievers (2 Cor. 4:4), and as if another