The editors of Montessori.Children were asked:

Hello! How important school uniform in a Montessori environment? We live in Toronto and my daughter attends a Montessori garden. It has a dress code in color: a dark blue bottom, shoes, jumpers and jackets; white or gray top. This is so that the children are not distracted by the appearance of each other. The exception is Friday, when a free form of clothing is possible. For some reason, I don’t see any mention of a dress code on Russian-language resources at all. Is this just a Canadian feature or did Maria Montessori also have her own opinion about school uniforms? After summer, winter holidays and weekends, it is quite difficult to persuade your daughter to dress in uniform. My daughter is 4 years old, I always give clothes to choose from. But she wants to wear something more "fun" than dark jeans and a light blouse.

At our International Montessori Center, we have given up school uniforms. But there is another point of view, which, perhaps, is held in the school of the author of the question. Psychologist and Montessori teacher Anna Fedosova talks about her:

But in the preparation of modern Montessori teachers, the issue of school clothes is discussed.

Arguments for school uniform

Discreet, familiar to the eye clothing helps to maintain a working mood.

The form is part of the classroom environment, which should be as simple and neutral as possible. Preschoolers are affected by every element of classroom appearance. Therefore, it is important that it is easy for children to focus on the material.

The uniform is the student's work clothes and must be practical.

For babies, it is important that the clothes do not restrict movement, are not too spacious, and are easy to take off and put on. Compliance with the rules in the form removes the question of whether a particular set is good as clothing for work in the classroom. Neither the child, nor the parent, nor the guide will have to argue about tastes.

There is a practice when children change clothes in the morning in the classroom. Clothes are permanently stored and washed at the school, and parents only pay for the purchase of a set at the beginning of the year. Schoolchildren, on the other hand, prefer to come immediately in their clothes for study. But if someone really wants to wear a favorite item, he is free to put it on, but be sure to change into a uniform for classes.

Freedom and need to wear a school uniform

Freedom is a recognized necessity and the issue of school dress code invites the child to responsible behavior. Maintaining a businesslike atmosphere in the classroom and caring for the comfort of others is expressed in not creating excessive noise in the work area - audible or visual.

Show your daughter how to follow the rules with dignity and a minimum of self-restraint, help her see that they contain the meaning of caring for fellow practitioners. There are several options to do this.

For kids younger age the classroom provides materials that develop domestic independence in dressing. Tell the teacher about the difficulties of your daughter and he will find a way to pay attention to this topic as he shows interest in thematic presentations. For example, laundry.

Perhaps more bright colors can be allowed on a walk. Ask the teacher at what moments the child can put on something more “fun”.

Arrive to class in off-school attire to change on the spot.

Share with your daughter your vision of the situation. Surely you would prefer her to work with paints or in the garden in special student clothes, and not in a blouse dear to the heart. Although the apron protects, it does not give 100% protection, but in the form nothing threatens your favorite things.

Prepare the desired outfit for Friday in advance, hang it in a specially designated place. This symbolically satisfies the desire to put on the kit right now.

Illustration: en.pngtree.com

Antistress for parents [Your child goes to school] Tsarenko Natalia

Why do you need a school uniform?

Many parents, bringing their child to first grade, are faced with the need to purchase a school uniform for the child. And, despite the fact that most moms and dads wore it themselves at one time, their attitude to the form is completely ambiguous. Some people don’t like the very idea of “equalization”, someone is not satisfied with the design or convenience of a specific form of a particular school (although globally they have nothing against it), someone, on the contrary, happily agrees, because they see a way out for your child due to the financial situation of the family ... In a word, how many parents, so many opinions.

And children ... children are wonderful barometers and sensitively catch our adult moods. And if the mother herself could not stand the uniform in her school years and, gritting her teeth, puts it on her own child, it is difficult to expect a positive and respectful attitude towards uniform from him (especially if the mother expresses her opinion aloud).

So, what are the pros and cons of a school uniform? Is it necessary, is it expedient, what problems does it solve, which ones do not, and which, on the contrary, does it generate?

Let's start with the bad.

Firstly, the form is, indeed, leveling. Children have completely different shapes, height, physique. Finally, they have a different type of appearance. Thus, what works for one will look completely ugly on another. To avoid this, it should be possible to choose a style within, say, a single fabric, color scheme and a set of items (suits, skirts, vests - from the same fabric but with variations in cut for different figures). However, where is it seen, where is it heard, where is it done, who can afford it? You can count such schools on your fingers, alas.

Secondly, the form should ideally be comfortable and beautiful. However, reality often makes its own adjustments: in many schools, colors and fabrics are not coordinated with parents, but are done according to the principle “it happened”. For example, they introduce a uniform of absolutely monstrous colors (in a red-green checkered) only because such a fabric was purchased cheaply “through the channels” of the director.

Thirdly, the form oppresses children with its monotony. Every day is the same! This is really annoying, especially from the age when children become indifferent to their appearance and they want to be liked by classmates and classmates. True, here inventive schoolchildren (and especially schoolgirls) will always find a way out - how to stand out and how to excel. Well, if they think of doing it with the help of clothing details. I remember what we didn’t do within the limits of what was permitted: the uniform was decorated with unusual collars, and cuffs, and beautiful aprons were sewn. Girls will always find a way to decorate themselves. And the length! Yes, and the boys could always put on an unusual shirt, suspenders, a belt - whoever is in what much. It is much worse if other methods are used to draw attention to oneself - behavioral ones.

And lastly, some schools make form a disciplinary lever, a way to control the behavior of children. If the position of the administration in matters of compliance with the form is excessively rigid, this should alert you as parents: the main function of the school is to teach children, not to discipline, and if the emphasis is not on that, then it will not be easy to study there, because paying attention, most likely, First of all, they will be by no means on the quality of study, but on loyalty and "obedience".

Now - about the good. So, the school uniform allows you to solve the following tasks.

First: thanks to the introduction of uniforms, children at school cannot impress each other with clothes. For the educational process, this is a big plus, because this is not why they go to school, after all ... I would like both children and parents to remember this. Children will find something to stand out, and it’s good (just great!), If these are personal achievements and talents. Much more often, these are just banal phones, bags, stationery, outerwear, conversations on the topic “who has what kind of house, what kind of car”, visiting each other and spending time together - children will have a place to “turn around” and in addition to clothing. The social and financial situation of different families is not a secret for any of the children in the class, and now they talk about it freely, and the children know just as well (or even better) than we do what it costs. So, alas, the form will not be able to “solve the problem of social inequality”. However, property inequality is much easier to bear when, at least during the educational process (and this is the main school function), everyone has the same clothes. Yes, just put yourself in their place: someone in a chic suit is having an important conversation with you, catching you in inappropriate clothes - a casual home T-shirt or an old sweater ... How will you feel? Now imagine the same conversation when you are in a business suit, not even in such an expensive one. When will it be more comfortable?

Second: 15-20 years ago, the financial situation was very tense for the vast majority of the population, and the form was a good way out for many. Our times - taking into account the crisis - promise to be no better, so the uniform can again be considered a good material help: after all, one set of clothes is cheaper than several. True, some schools manage to make a business out of this, and the uniform turns out to be quite expensive, but this is on the conscience of the administration.

Third: children do not look like a motley mass, but a kind of integrity, this is useful both in the sense of aesthetics and in the sense of psychology - an additional moment that unites the group into a team, allowing you to educate the so-called "corporate culture". For example, the daughter of my friends is studying in the UK, in her educational institution the form is required (as in all "good" schools - these are traditions that have developed over the centuries). And the girl (teenager!) is proud of her, how proud she is and in general belonging to this educational institution. Indeed, the shape is very beautiful ...

Fourth: not all children and their parents have a taste, so modern schoolchildren are dressed simply monstrously, often both expensively and monstrously “in one bottle”, because aesthetics does not depend on the material resources of the family. And the form, if chosen successfully and well sewn, removes these moments.

Fifth: during puberty, girls actively seek to attract attention. With the help of everyday clothes, they sometimes get simply depressing results. Often, girls come to class in transparent blouses with translucent bras, or in skirts-belts in which you absolutely cannot bend over - only squat (hello to the sixties!), Or in jeans with a low belt, in which it is also better to stand exactly like a tin soldier : any forward movement brings out the girl's panties and half of her priests for everyone to see. I can say with an absolute guarantee that if a girl is dressed that way, then no matter what she says, her thoughts will not be about studying - just like the whole boy half of the class. And, as a result, the girl's too. Do not deceive yourself, physiology is physiology, especially generously warmed up by hormones. And here the point is not the high morality of the administration, but the fact that they simply do not want to waste their time. As you can see, there are still more pluses than minuses, although not by much. However, it is up to you to choose which arguments are more meaningful to you. After all, form is an inevitable reality in many schools, so isn’t it better, not being able to change circumstances, to change your attitude towards them and see the positive where, at first glance, it does not exist and cannot exist? And having accepted the situation, you can always turn it in your favor: well, at least it will be easier for you and your child to live - one less annoying and stressful moment.

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In the 2014 academic year, the uniform became a mandatory attribute of school life. As always, the decision of the Ministry of Education split the public into two camps, because absolutely all citizens of our country were, are or will be schoolchildren. Involvement in the discussion of why a school uniform is needed, mass, and the number of arguments against the dress code usually outweighs sentimental memories of their own wonderful school years supporters of the uniformity of the appearance of students. But this is due to the inability to participate in the discussion. Let's leave emotions and turn to facts, rehabilitating the school uniform and even speaking in its defense.

Form and discipline

Discipline is not the phenomenon when children walk in formation and praise the party in chorus, as many people think. Discipline is the observance of certain rules adopted in a certain organization, even unspoken ones. The school is first and foremost an educational institution, and it is very short-sighted to talk about the complete anarchy of self-expression within the walls of the school. There are some absolute rules: come to certain time, during the lesson, sit at a desk, politely address the teacher, work on assignments. Everyone observes them, and it never occurs to anyone to resent such violence.

For some reason, the school uniform falls out of this range in the eyes of the public. As an optional element: it seems that both in uniform and in “civilian” children follow the same rules. This is true, but a student who wears the same clothes in the classroom, plays football, walks the dog, goes to the cinema, in a word, goes about his daily business, ceases to perceive the school as a special place. And then the rules established within its walls begin to seem like a burden. A person, of course, observes them, but this observance brings internal discomfort.

What happens when a student puts on a uniform? There is a feeling of detachment from out-of-school life, study comes out of a number of everyday activities, entertainment, activities and becomes a special, solid and responsible business. And there is a mindset to follow the rules, because the school is a place where the rules should work without causing an internal rebellion.

Here you may come across the opinion that for this it is not necessary to introduce a school uniform, just some general uniformity is enough. Indeed, if a child has a more or less strict classic suit “for school” in his wardrobe, he will fulfill his disciplinary function without in any way affecting the child’s sense of taste, the parents’ wallet and the ability of both of them to express themselves. You can limit the color scheme and length of the skirts, and leave the color, style, cut, material at the discretion of the parents and the students themselves. This would be true if the form was designed to work only for the discipline, but its functional purpose is much wider.

Uniform and social equality

The favorite argument of supporters of school uniforms is the memories of how in Soviet times all students were equal, and the children of ministers and cleaners studied in the same class, formally no different from each other. In reality, of course, this is a myth revealed to us by altered memory. The children of high-ranking officials always studied separately, and if anyone ended up in regular school still different from the others. The form itself does not socially equalize children, and the antagonists are absolutely right in this: gadgets, accessories, costume jewelry, cars and cash will do the trick, even if the children are dressed alike.

School uniform only excludes one element from this set of status criteria. Here, the shape of one material and a standard model plays into the hands: there is less reason for emotions. True, the best solution should still be the choice between similar outwardly styles, which are designed for fundamentally different types figures. Children are different, just like adults, and it would be foolish to force them to wear clothes that, for a number of reasons, do not suit them.

In addition, schoolchildren dressed in the same way receive relatively equal opportunity for self-affirmation, feeling the status superiority of comrades only at the moment of obsessive demonstration of this superiority. Until a desk mate gets a new smartphone or game console, he is equal to you. When an opportunity arises to demonstrate one's superiority through appearance, it is exploited as fully as possible: both simply and the effect is permanent, and the feeling of equality does not appear at all.

Form and educational process

It seems that the school uniform and the process of obtaining knowledge are in no way connected, and the tasks of the teacher do not include either the education of taste, or controlling the appearance, or tracking the moral character of the student. The main thing is that children learn and do not interfere with others doing the same, and whether they will sit at their desks in jeans, in tracksuits or classics is the tenth thing.

In fact, clothes of bright colors and catchy styles distract from classes. Our visual apparatus is arranged in such a way that something different from the general background attracts attention, not even necessarily a red sweater among gray jackets. With the same success, the eye will catch on to the calm blue among the green. When attention is involuntarily dispersed between the text, bright spots of clothing, extraneous sounds, it is quite difficult to keep a thought, especially since it strives to fly away by itself. The variegation around and the variety of forms are good for relaxation, while in collective work uniformity can only be a boon for the central nervous system and sense organs: the brain should not be overloaded with information that comes at the same time and belongs to different categories and categories.

In addition to schoolchildren, the teacher is also involved in the educational process. Imagine what it's like to stare at the diversity for many hours every day, trying to focus on the lesson. Both the eyes and the head will ache, by the end of the day there will be no strength left, because others are constantly added to the color stimulus. And what will a constantly tired teacher teach?

In addition to distracting unconditional attention, clothing also distracts conditional attention. The deep neckline of a high school student can make not only classmates, but also teachers forget the basics of arithmetic. Discussion of the appearance and related psychological characteristics of a person is becoming an important part of school life, especially since teachers are sometimes unable to resist remarks. A powerful distraction factor has a negative impact on the learning process, but what if there are thirty such factors?

To be fair, it’s worth saying that not only bright, expensive and open outfits disturb the peace of the class, but also just something different and arousing curiosity. So, in mixed schools, women's hijabs are the subject of constant attention of both children and adults. Any non-standard clothing can play a similar role, from ripped jeans to a grandmother's knitted skirt.

Form and expression

It turns out that our students express themselves solely through clothing. This argument is one of the main ones in the declared confrontation. As soon as it comes to school uniforms, parents begin to demand respect for the right to express self. This, of course, is very important in the period of its formation.

But what do we see without rose-colored glasses and theories? Self-expression ends where the fashion backed by the parent wallet begins. Some teenagers who identify themselves with informal subcultures are somewhat freer in this respect, but some trends set the tone in small groups as well. Another, who expressed something personal through clothing, has every chance of becoming a pariah. Brands, price and catwalk combination of color and model have nothing to do with self-expression. Most schoolchildren want to look “like everyone else”, and they look like that. Only the details vary. Will a young person want to go to school in a formal suit if everyone around is in jeans and bright trendy sweatshirts? Will he want to sit in class in a tracksuit, if the trend is classic? Very doubtful.

The mantra of the Soviet times “become interesting in uninteresting clothes” is thoroughly forgotten today, because due to “interesting clothes” you can attract attention without making any effort. You don't need knowledge, hobbies, charisma, you don't need to build relationships and be able to listen to others. Just looking is enough. Is this what parents want? After all, children are not forever children, and once in the real, not the school world, they can break down in a clash of worldviews: personal and professional qualities are valued, self-expression should have a solid foundation. The form, equalizing everyone outwardly, allows you to pay attention to other human features (in fairness - not always of real value outside the school).

Needless to say, taste in clothing may develop over time or not develop at all, so the aesthetics of such self-expression can be very illusory. The inability to dress in fashion or wear certain things (formal suits, for example, dress pants, high heels) can make a young person the butt of jokes. Compulsory wearing of a uniform eliminates this stress factor: for those who do not understand and are not interested in fashion, life with a uniform is much easier.

Form and family budget

Highly interesting point— dependence of the family budget on the school uniform. What do parents who oppose usually say? School uniforms are made to order, often in Russian style, in one designated atelier for a designated amount, which is clearly not comparable to the cost of a set of clothes from a stock store. School becomes very expensive. There will no longer be a single uniform for everyone (as it was - brown dresses, blue jackets), and the school administration is not holy seraphim, and if the opportunity arises, someone will somehow weld on tailoring.

This is fair, but these are problems of the system, not the school uniform itself. However, it costs much more than what is written on the price tag: it requires two sets of shirts or blouses, a pair of trousers and a changeable jacket is highly desirable. No one will like to wear one set for months and put it on immediately after washing. Moreover, children grow very quickly, sometimes they lose weight or get better so that they have to adjust the shape. Accordingly, the cost increases.

On the other hand, the thesis “we are not rich enough to buy cheap” is very true in our case. Instead of a uniform made of wearable and resistant materials, a growing person will wear casual sweaters, T-shirts, skirts, jeans to school, and after school they will walk, play, and do their own thing. Naturally, every day children do not want to walk in the same clothes, and clothes deteriorate at the speed of rolling down a hill on their own fifth point. The cheaper, the lower the quality. Schoolchildren do not really want to wear cheap clothes. So instead of a couple of uniform sets, you will have to purchase non-uniform sets several times a year. Considering that parents themselves are not eager to buy synthetics or cheap knitwear, the difference in cost is reduced: jeans, a shirt and a sweater may turn out to be only slightly cheaper than a school suit, but you can’t get by with one thing. The savings are questionable.

Another important point: the school uniform saves parents from the constant desire of children to dress in something even more fashionable and new. Indeed, within the walls of the educational institution, the young shoots spend most of the day (in any case, I want to believe in it), so refusing to buy Armani will not lead to the fact that for many hours in a row the young lady will feel like Cinderella, or even a pumpkin. Enough of these impressions outside of school.

The school uniform in Russia has existed for 180 years, and throughout this period it has been the subject of controversy and discussion. What is more important for a child: discipline or personality development? Does it help the learning process or depresses with its monotony? Although conflicts on this issue are unlikely to ever subside, let's try to weigh all the advantages and disadvantages of a school uniform.

The relevance of school uniforms

The student must come to class neat and decently dressed, this is understood and fulfilled by all parents. So if just a presentable appearance is enough, what is the school uniform for?

Throughout its history, the form was approved, then changed, completely canceled and reintroduced. Now it is becoming relevant again, although not in such a mandatory manner as it once was in the Soviet Union. Russian educational institutions are more inclined towards the foreign version of dress-code uniforms. That is, children do not have to dress in cloth tunics and dull brown dresses, they must have a business and practical style in accordance with the requirements of each particular school.

In different schools, the uniform has its own design and color scheme, some even create special attributes inherent in this particular educational institution: ties, stripes, emblems. Children are not limited in their choice of casual clothes: boys can wear trousers, jackets, vests with shirts or turtlenecks. For girls, the choice is wider: sundresses with blouses or turtlenecks, jackets with shirts and skirts, a cardigan with trousers and many more variations that you can choose.

Variations of the modern school uniform are very democratic and allow the child to look stylish, demonstrate his taste and at the same time correspond to the “adult” title of the student:

Why do you need a school uniform

Why do you think school uniforms are important? What are the positives of a school uniform for a child:

Leveling in the good sense of the word. When girls do not show off rhinestones on jeans, and boys do not show off sweatshirts with their idols. Also, the same clothes make it impossible to demonstrate the financial situation of the child, for the duration of the educational process, making everyone equal in front of the teacher and each other.
The school uniform really disciplines, like any other workwear. Wearing it, the child is already tuned in to a more serious way.
aesthetic component. Not every person has decent taste, so some children look untidy or even ugly.

At the same time, someone wears acid sneakers, someone wears a T-shirt with cartoon characters, and growing up girls try to attract attention with transparent blouses. All this motley mass is more like a booth than an educational institution. The school uniform, on the other hand, psychologically unites a motley crowd into something unified, developing a "corporate" culture.

And here is what, according to the results of the survey, parents attribute to the disadvantages of school uniforms:

The same leveling. If the school strictly regulates the appearance, parents can not always choose what suits their child. This applies to the style, material, features of the figure of each individual child. In some schools, girls are forbidden to walk in trousers, so in winter they get cold and get sick in skirts.
psychological factor. Now it is fashionable to consider a child as a person from the cradle and give him a comprehensive development. The school uniform makes it impossible for self-expression, which is especially painful for high school students.

My opinion about school uniform

Now I will speak about the need for a school uniform. My opinion is that the school uniform is obligatory in all educational institutions. Studying proccess takes only 8 hours a day, after which no one bothers the child to express himself on the football field, visiting friends or taking a walk in the yard. The school uniform did not prevent Mendeleev, Mayakovsky or Gagarin from becoming Personalities who entered the annals of history. But this is really a very powerful psychological lever that allows the child to become more responsible and collected, which is so important for learning.

Many parents, despite the fact that school uniforms have long become a mandatory attribute of school life, are wondering: is a school uniform mandatory? Do I need to buy a uniform when preparing a child for school, or can I do without it?

Parents and teachers, graduate students have many arguments for and against. Many believe that the mandatory wearing of a school uniform infringes on the rights and obligations of the individual. Others are sure that the school uniform organizes the student, improves discipline in the classroom, and increases the level of attention in the classroom.

Why was school uniform introduced?

To provide students with comfortable and aesthetic clothing in everyday school life.
Elimination of signs of social, property and religious differences between students.
Prevention of students' psychological discomfort in front of their peers.
Strengthening the overall image educational organization, the formation of school identity.

Is a school uniform compulsory when attending an educational institution?

Since the Federal Law “On Education in the Russian Federation” No. 273-FZ of December 29, 2012 (hereinafter referred to as the Law) has given educational organizations the opportunity to establish requirements for schoolchildren’s clothing (color, type, size, style, insignia, etc.). ), there are even more questions about the need for school uniforms.

From a legal point of view, if an educational organization has introduced a school uniform, then it is a necessary condition for attending school. The duty of the student is to comply with the Charter of the educational organization and the requirements of local acts, for example, wearing a school uniform (Article 43 of the Law). Each parent who sends a child to grade 1 must familiarize himself with the Charter educational institution under painting. If the Charter contains a clause stating that uniforms are mandatory at school, then all students, as participants in the educational process, are required to comply with the requirements of the school - to wear uniforms.

In a situation where a student came to school without a uniform, he violated the requirements of the Charter of the educational institution. This situation should not entail such a measure as suspension from school. This is due to the fact that every citizen is guaranteed the right to education. Violations of the charter of an educational institution may lead to disciplinary action. Most often, in school practice, it is enough to have a conversation with a student or his parents so that the student's appearance meets the requirements of school etiquette.

It is worth noting here that the school must adopt a local act, taking into account the opinion of the council of students, the council of parents and the representative body of school employees, students. The introduction of clothing requirements should be made by the decision of all participants in the educational process.

Who determines what uniforms children should wear?

This issue belongs to the competence of the educational organization, which establishes the types of clothing (sports, formal, casual). The clothes of students may have the distinctive signs of the school, class in the form of emblems, ties, badges. The school may recommend to buy clothes of a certain style or color scheme, but does not have the right to demand that you buy a uniform in a particular store, indicating a specific manufacturer.

Special requirements for the form of students provided for educational organizations implementing educational programs in the area of:

defense and security of the state;
ensuring law and order;
customs, etc.

In this case, the rules for wearing uniforms and insignia are established by the founder of the educational organization (Article 38 of the Law).

Can schoolchildren be provided with uniforms for free?

Provision of uniforms and other clothing items (uniforms) for students at the expense of budget allocations from the budgets of subjects Russian Federation carried out in cases and in the manner prescribed by the authorities state power subjects of the Russian Federation studying at the expense of budget allocations from local budgets - by local governments (Article 38 of the Law). This means that some categories of schoolchildren can be provided with uniforms at the expense of budgetary funds, if this is provided for by the subject of the Russian Federation.

The decision to introduce requirements for students' clothing should take into account the material costs of low-income families (Letter of the Ministry of Education of Russia dated March 28, 2013 No. DG-65/08 "On establishing requirements for students' clothing"). Thus, if the subject of the Russian Federation has established strict requirements for the form, then its duties will include providing all poor citizens with such a form.

The procedure for applying for a grant depends on the region where the student's family lives. Depending on the territory, you can apply for a subsidy either at the MFC, the district administration, or at the school.

Clothing must comply with the hygienic requirements for clothing for children, adolescents and adults (SanPiN 2.4/71 1.1.1286-03).
Clothing must correspond to the weather, the place of training, the temperature in the room.
It is not recommended to wear shoes, clothes with traumatic fittings, asocial symbols.
Appearance must comply with generally accepted standards business style and be secular.

Of course, students who adhere to certain requirements for appearance follow the rules of school life. The pros of the fact that the school introduces the wearing of school uniforms are much greater than the cons. Children need to feel that they belong to a certain group, a team. This is successfully achieved through the introduction of school uniforms.