Throughout time language changes, enriches, develops, but at first glance this is not noticeable. If you come to an elderly person and talk to him about his childhood, then in his speech it will be noticeable that some words have been slightly changed. Each generation invents a new word, changes the style of speech and pronunciation. Looking at 2000 thousand years ago, we would not be able to understand people, since the language has changed a lot before our time. The factors that cause the language to change may be different and it is impossible to describe all of them because in different time at different stages of language development factors influencing the language different. Each generation of mankind comes up with new inventions that need to be given names. For example, people invented a laser, a car, a computer, discovered a new star, found a new type of insect or plant, and each discovery must be given its own name. Also, some words are lost over time due to the fact that they were replaced or named differently. Hence the conclusion that over time the language improves and today our language is much richer than in the past.

Every century, the picture of the spread of language in society changes, its role in human life. Until the creation of writing, people used language to communicate only in sound form. After the advent of writing, the language acquired the ability to fix specific forms of words and phrases. It became possible to fix information with the help of language. Also, the emergence of typography, television broadcasting, and the spread of grammar - all this, to one degree or another, affects the pace and direction of the development of the language.

The most influential on the language are others foreign languages. Since different nations in the course of the development of relations on an interstate scale closely communicate. During the conversation between the two different peoples Languages ​​borrow commonly used words from each other. AT modern languages there are a huge number of words that hundreds of years ago were borrowed from other peoples. AT English language there are many French words, in Romanian and Polish there are many Slavic words, in the Ukrainian language there are a large number of Polish words.

Approximately in the 17th - 18th century, many words were borrowed from the Russian language from the French language; lampshade, applaud, ticket, glass, broth, gesture, chest of drawers, magazine, compote, theater, shawl, overcoat.
from German language; cotton wool, bath, fan, workbench, tie, gloss, corporal, volley, buckshot, passport, plank, sample, napkin, secretary, locksmith, soldier, student, secretary, dance, scarf, closet.
from Dutch; pennant harbor, inch, umbrella, receipt, bodice, number, shoe, hatch, oyster, mop, darn.
Borrowings from English fall mainly on the 19th-20th century; boycott, budget, station, gangster, goal, jazz, jungle, import, cupcake, clown, harvester, comfort, conveyor, leader, match, knockout, jacket, pony, pudding, radar, round, record, relay, ring, square, standard, start, tram, coach, tunnel, film, finish, football, hockey, hall, champion etc.

If you take part of the population of any country and transfer it to the island, then after two hundred years you can see that the people who lived on the island and did not communicate with outside world would keep the language unchanged. For example, at the beginning of the 18th century, when the uprising Kondratiy Bulavina was defeated, part of the Cossacks fled to Turkey. Having lived in a foreign land for about two hundred years without mixing with the local population, the Cossacks returned to their homeland. Forced isolation forced the Cossacks to preserve the features of their native dialect and their language remained almost unchanged. At present, one can also observe how the isolation of the population affects the language of truth to a small extent. For example, a resident of a large regional city comes to the village and changes into the clothes of a local hard worker. Then he goes to the store, where he strikes up a conversation with a middle-aged local resident. During the conversation, both interlocutors will immediately understand that their style of conversation is different. In a village where people have little contact with the outside world, they preserve the traditions of their language and currently use the words and dialect of speech that our grandfathers used, and which we do not use in modern communication.

An unusual gift was made by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation to schoolchildren and students. On September 1, 2009, the order came into force: within the framework of the Dictionaries of the 21st Century program, the Spelling Dictionary of the Russian Language by Bronislava Bukchina, Inna Sazonova and Lyudmila Cheltsova, the Dictionary of Russian Accents by Irina Reznichenko, and the Grammatical Dictionary of the Russian Language were adopted under edited by Andrei Zaliznyak and "The Big Phraseological Dictionary of the Russian Language" with a commentary by Veronika Telia.

Of course, it was not the dictionaries themselves that caused a real stir among philologists, journalists, and all interested parties, but the innovations that appeared there. How necessary are they? All this caused a lot of controversy and opinions. And I decided to talk about this with the 1st Deputy Minister of Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan Anatoly Semenovich KARMAZIN, the dean of the IFFa KSPA Elena Alexandrovna KALASHNIKOVA and the teacher of Russian language and literature of the University Lyceum Galina Vasilievna OMELCHENKO.

— Do you recognize innovations in the Russian language?
A.S. Karmazin:“Yes, I admit it, because I believe that language is a living tissue. It helps development and improvement. We change, our lives change, and he changes. Changes are needed.

E.A. Kalashnikov:- In no case would I start talking about any innovations: this is not something new that has appeared in the language: just an order of the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation was published recently. It contains a list of dictionaries that were recommended for use, thus they received the status of an official authoritative source. The experts of the new dictionaries were employees of Moscow State University, St. Petersburg State University, the Institute of the Russian Language. Vinogradov, Institute of the Russian Language. Pushkin and the Institute for Linguistic Research.

Other dictionaries this examination is still waiting. Consequently, the procedure for quality control of dictionaries has been launched. Therefore, there are no innovations.
We are not indifferent to the state of our language, and we cannot change literary norms on command - this is contrary to the natural processes of language development. But the state must pursue a competent language policy, including educational. For example, latest reform orthography took place in Russia in 1956. And a new one is long overdue.

The process of changing norms is a dynamic and very controversial process. Language changes and develops. And dictionaries record the current state of the language. There have been changes related to pronunciation: for example, new pronunciation options have arisen: contract instead of contract or yogurt and yogurt, pickling - pickling, cooking - cooking, on Wednesdays - on Wednesdays. The word coffee began to be given a neuter gender, whiskey - masculine, appeared different variants spelling of words: Internet Internet, karate-karate, there is even a mixture of graphic systems (Cyrillic and Latin), etc.

We cannot limit ourselves to the dictionaries specified in the order, there are other academic dictionaries and publications. On the other hand, dictionaries also reflect the facts of non-normative speech; they present these phenomena using a system of stylistic labels. Any reference publication gives a recommendation to a native speaker and, accordingly, orients the speaker or writer to comply with these recommendations. If there is an ordinary situation (dialogue, conversation), then reduced elements appear in speech. The main thing is that the speaker is aware of this. And in order for this awareness to come, one must turn to dictionaries, receive information and follow it, that is, dictionaries perform a protective function. So, spelling dictionaries give us information about the uniform spelling of words, orthoepic dictionaries introduce the correct stress and pronunciation, grammatical dictionaries - the forms of words, their combinational capabilities. If we write, pronounce, use words differently, this will complicate the perception of the text. Let's not forget that literary norm extremely conservative. But it is precisely following it that ensures the automatism of speech, the unity of the literary language and, ultimately, the continuity of historical, cultural, and linguistic traditions. Possession of the norms of the literary language indicates the general cultural level of a native speaker.

G.V. Omelchenko:— The Russian language is a living, developing, ever-renewing phenomenon. Whether these innovations will enter into life, whether they will become sustainable, only life will show.

- What is your prediction: will the new dictionaries be able to shift to the background the generally accepted and beloved dictionaries of Dahl, Ozhegov?
A.S. Karmazin: There has been a little confusion here. What is a dictionary? This is not a collection of laws. Who is forbidden to speak one way or another? Nobody. These dictionaries simply recorded the emergence of new words or new norms. That's all. And therefore, the old dictionaries remain in demand, and they must be used. They really contain a wealth of material. And at the same time, any dictionary becomes outdated. It makes no sense to compare new dictionaries and the dictionary of past decades - they have different tasks. One must understand these four new vocabularies do not make a revolution. Although some things certainly surprise and even annoy me. Therefore, I will most likely stick to the already established forms. And for me, the fact that someone will try to say "hot coffee" in a way that we are not used to will be a signal of the person's illiteracy.

E.A. Kalashnikov:- Of course not: they can neither remove nor change. Dictionary V.I. Dalia is a cultural phenomenon, a life-giving language element, a treasure trove of Russian proverbs and sayings. This dictionary does not have and will not have analogues! It is unique in itself. We will always turn to him and draw not only philological, linguistic, but also general cultural information. Ozhegov's dictionary is one of the most commonly used, well-known and popular. It is designed for a wide audience, is in many families. Sociolinguistic surveys show that it has no equal in terms of demand. Dictionaries that have passed the examination will occupy their niche in the general cultural space and the philological world.

G.V. Omelchenko:- For me, the authoritative are the Explanatory spelling dictionaries Academy of Sciences and, of course, Dictionaries of V.I. Dahl and S.I. Ozhegov.

— Will the Russian language change? Are these changes necessary?
A.S. Karmazin:“Language never stands still. A significant number of words are borrowed from other languages. First of all, those words that most Russians use today. How can you do without the word "Internet"? New word. And the fact that he is offered to write with capital letter, says nothing. Until now, the question has not been resolved: how to write the word "God" - with a capital letter or with a small one? And here the dictionaries diverge. I think it all depends on the context, the person and the meaning. If this is connected with Orthodoxy, then, of course, with a big one. And if in the context of “God forbid,” as they like to say, then how can you apply it with a capital letter? Another example: do you know what a "blue tooth" is? In the dictionaries of the Russian language, this word is not! And we use it, because today it is impossible to do without these words. It's the word "Bluetooth". Should this word be in the dictionary? Of course. In fact, there is simply a process of democratization of the language. Again, the dictionary is not the law. And there is no punishment for mispronunciation. But it is still necessary to comply with some rules.

E.A. Kalashnikov: - Giving linguistic forecasts is as ungrateful as predicting the political or economic situation in the country. Rather, it is possible to track the general processes taking place in the language, to identify their correspondence to the language system. But what is certain is that changes in the language cannot be timed to coincide with dates, for example, the issuance of an order. Language is a dynamic, living, evolving phenomenon. And we feel the changes taking place. Thus, the process of increasing the lexical fund is underway. This can be taken as a positive thing. Another example: we stop using patronymics, addressing each other, naming scientists, poets, writers. This is a change with a minus sign. As a result, we may lose the traditions of the Russian speech etiquette that have evolved over the centuries.

G.V. Omelchenko:“Language cannot change. But not all language changes are positive. Of course, foreign borrowings often negatively affect the development of the language. And although one cannot do without them, I think one should not forget about the brilliant language of the Russian classics: I.S. Turgenev, A.S. Pushkin, M.Yu. Lermontov and others.

— Do you agree with the opinion that in Russia there is a process of destruction of the culture of the language? For example, "Albanian" is gradually replacing classical Russian.
A.S. Karmazin:“There is a certain danger. The very possibility of a display that contains a certain number of characters leads us to try to shorten the sentence in order to accommodate more information. And, of course, this prevents you from expressing yourself beautifully, vividly. When we write sms to a friend, we understand that we have a limit of characters. Moreover, we have the opportunity not to put signs at all. Indeed, some simplification of written speech is taking place ... But it will not reach newspaper or magazine pages. There is a completely different format and tasks are different. But I consider it normal to use this language for short, precise communication.

E.A. Kalashnikov:— “Albanian” language is one of the phenomena of youth culture. It is not very common. It has a narrow scope of functioning, mainly in Internet communication. This is a very interesting phenomenon, a kind of language game, a reaction to officialdom, to state ideology, partly to formalism and bureaucracy. Displace the Russian literary language can only be destroyed or enslaved by its carrier, that is, Russian-speaking people. But this is the plot for an American thriller. The negative processes taking place in society, of course, affect the language.

G.V. Omelchenko: I answer this question: yes and no. But most of all, it worries that the process of destruction of the Russian language and culture is penetrating into the youth environment. Youth slang does not stand up to scrutiny in the same way as the ubiquitous spread of jargon, "criminal" language. Yes, and the programs of some television channels cause, to put it mildly, a feeling of bewilderment.
____________________________________________________

And what do those who study today think about innovations?

Julia Golubtsova, 5th year student of IFF KSPA: Innovation, in my opinion, is a natural process. Any science must develop and improve. The main thing is that these updates should not be random and spontaneous. So it is in Russian. In any case, forcibly reshaping a familiar language is almost a fantastic task. It will take decades for people to start accepting these norms. It is not so important which syllable is stressed in the word "yogurt", it is important that the language is not spoiled by obscene and slang words.

Kristina Kabakova, 11th grade, University Lyceum:- Language is a guide to understanding, the relationship of generations. The language should not change drastically. Those people who place stresses incorrectly, inflect words incorrectly, should be taught to speak correctly and beautifully, and not change vocabulary, adjusting to the uneducated part of the population.

Maxim Mikhailov, 9th grade, Lyceum No. 40:- Changes in the Russian language, of course, are needed. I believe that the language should change and keep up with the times. Although, probably, this will complicate the life of schoolchildren who have yet to pass the exam in the Russian language. On the other hand, it would be better if the state dealt with social problems, for example, raising the salaries of teachers - after all, this is much more important ...

Although I personally doubt any innovations in the Russian language, I am with two hands for innovations that cannot be dispensed with today - borrowed words: such as “fax”, “e-mail”, “marker” and many others. But remember that "coffee" is masculine, I think everyone can do it.

Sofia GOROCH, University Lyceum