Head of the Main Directorate of the Railway Troops, Lieutenant General Oleg Kosenkov / Photo: redstar.ru

The guest of the Red Star editorial office this week was the head of the Main Directorate of the Railway Troops, Lieutenant General Oleg Kosenkov.

We talked about the participation of railroad soldiers in maneuvers and the training of logistic support units and formations that preceded them, about the progress of the implementation of the action plan until 2020, the arrival of new equipment, the recruitment of troops by conscription and contract servicemen, and also about providing assistance to the population during liquidation of consequences of natural disasters.

– In pursuance of the decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, which determine the main directions for the development of the state (including the Armed Forces of the country), the Railway Troops have developed and are implementing an activity plan for the period up to 2020. Oleg Ivanovich, what should be the Railway Troops by 2020 and what has already been done on the way to this?

- The activities of the activity plan of the Railway Troops until 2020 are determined by their purpose. It consists in the technical cover, restoration, barrage and demining of railways. Also, troops are involved in the construction of new railway lines - as a network common use, and railway tracks of non-public use of the Ministry of Defense of Russia.

“For each object that we technically cover, we have developed two or three projects for its restoration in advance”

The network of 17 Russian railways is very well developed - their total length is more than 86 thousand km. For technical cover and - if necessary - restoration, all these roads are distributed among the formations and departments of the Railway Troops, which are responsible for technical cover on the railways. For these tasks, the organizational and staffing structure of the Railway Troops has also been developed, which ensures their mobility. For example, they can perform one task to restore, say, a railway line, and then immediately be transferred to another facility or from one railway to another, from one military district to another.

The implementation of the plan for the activities of the troops until 2020, in addition to the formation of an optimal organizational and staffing structure, involves another important point - minimizing manual labor through the creation of equipment that will mechanize almost all work, and equipping the troops with it. A lot of such equipment has already been manufactured and delivered to the troops.

Its delivery will continue until 2020, and if some issues are not finally resolved, deliveries will continue as part of the implementation of the new State Arms Program, designed for the period up to 2027. At the same time, without a doubt, we are obliged to fulfill the May decrees of the President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin, and the share of modern equipment in the Railway Troops by 2020 should be at least 70 percent. We will solve this problem.

- You have already touched upon the topic of the organizational structure of the Railway Troops, and I would like to clarify something in this regard. In the branches and arms of the Armed Forces, the organizational structure, composition and strength are determined by a number of factors. Among them are not only the tasks solved by the troops, but also the forms and methods of conducting combat operations, as well as the performance characteristics of the means of armed struggle. Oleg Ivanovich, what factors determine the organizational structure of the Railway Troops? And what is this structure now?

- As I said, our main task is the technical cover and restoration of railways. And here the most important thing is that in the event of the destruction of some railway facility, for example, a large railway bridge (and railway bridges are divided into small, medium and large) 4 km long across the Yenisei River near the city of Krasnoyarsk, it should be restored as soon as possible and resume traffic. Depending on the degree of destruction, a decision will be made to restore the bridge either along the old axis, or on the near bypass, or on the far one. To accomplish this task, the structure of a separate bridge railway battalion was calculated. Or a separate pontoon-bridge battalion, which is designed to build floating railway bridges from the property of NZhM-56 or the property of MLZH-VF-VT.

The same requirements apply to separate railroad battalions that will restore railroad tracks.

Our units must be mobile, armed with modern models of equipment, and not the one that we use in the construction of railways of JSC Russian railways". At Russian Railways, all equipment is very bulky, on a railway track, it leaves only from the station, but if the station is destroyed, the equipment will not pass to the stage. In our Railway Troops, however, pneumatically powered, mobile equipment can move both on rails and on the ground. And perform tasks where the railway track is destroyed.

Not only the battalions intended for the restoration of bridges and roads, but also the subgrade are being re-equipped with modern models of equipment. For example, individual railway mechanization battalions, which perform the tasks of restoring the subgrade, are now almost completely re-equipped with modern models of road construction equipment: earth-moving machines, dump trucks. We checked the effectiveness of the organizational structure of the battalion, which performed tasks during the construction of the railway line Zhuravka - Millerovo on the instructions of the President Russian Federation when the battalion developed a recess, the soil from which was laid next to the embankment. And we came to the conclusion that those dump trucks that we have, although they meet modern requirements, but their performance is low. We need more powerful dump trucks in terms of carrying capacity and cross-country ability.

We developed a draft decision and reported to the Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, Hero of the Russian Federation, General of the Army Dmitry Vitalyevich Bulgakov. Accordingly, he reported to the minister, and the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, Hero of Russia, General of the Army Sergei Kuzhugetovich Shoigu, ordered the purchase of 45-ton dump trucks of domestic production. These articulated vehicles cannot travel on public roads, but they are the most suitable for the above tasks on site. We have a total of 42 dump trucks in the battalion, and now 10 of them are 45-ton articulated trucks, thanks to which we have doubled the productivity of the mechanization battalion. We have such a battalion in every railway brigade.

“Railway Troops this year repaired 60 km of access roads for non-public use at 47 objects of the Ministry of Defense”

- And how much modern equipment is there in the Railway Troops at the present time?

“Now we are reaching 50 percent of this indicator.

- Oleg Ivanovich, did not the participation of the Railway Troops in the past maneuvers reveal the need to improve their organizational structure, change the composition and strength? Or have you received confirmation that nothing needs to be changed?

- The maneuvers of the Ministry of Defense, and before their start - special exercises with formations and military units of logistics under the leadership of the Deputy Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, Hero of Russia, General of the Army Dmitry Vitalyevich Bulgakov, showed that the current organizational and staff structure of the troops at the present stage does not require changes. We also made sure that the rearmament of the troops is proceeding in the right direction, and the models that have recently been accepted for supply have shown themselves with better side not only in maneuvers, in the special exercises that preceded it, but also in the construction of railway facilities. This technique allows you to complete tasks in the shortest possible time with high quality. And now you need to fill the troops with this equipment and the necessary structures that are used to restore the railways.

- And what tasks did your subordinates perform during the maneuversand on the previous exercise with formations and parts of the MTO?

- Every year, under the leadership of the Deputy Minister, with units and formations of logistics, a special exercise is held in a particular military district. This year, such an exercise was held in the Eastern Military District, which involved two separate railway brigades - the 7th and 50th. The railway bridge 1 km long across the Zeya River near the city of Svobodny was conditionally destroyed, that is, the existing object of technical cover for the 50th separate railway brigade. As a result, the movement of military echelons was disrupted when there was a large-scale regrouping of troops.

The main type of delivery of material resources and personnel We still have rail transport in our country. Military transport aviation will not deliver such a quantity of troops and cargo as by rail in the same short time frame. It will solve the tasks of rapid reaction, but basically the redeployment of troops in our country is carried out by rail.

So, the task was to restore the railway bridge.

For each object that we technically cover, we have developed two or three projects for its restoration in advance. In this case, it was decided to restore the bridge on the near bypass by building a floating railway bridge from the property of NZhM-56.

Accordingly, the bridge sets were transferred to the area of ​​its guidance, separate pontoon-bridge railway battalions of the 7th and 50th railway brigades began to build this bridge. They completed the task within three days. The bridge was built from two sets of 500 meters each. In the island part - there was a small island at the site of the pickup - it was decided to assemble a 250-meter section of the REM-500 metal collapsible overpass.

Naturally, approaches to the bridge were made. Track battalions from the left and right banks built a total of 15 km of railway track. A station was erected on the left bank, it was called so - "Levoberezhnaya", where the receiving and departure tracks and the main track were laid. That is, in order to avoid congestion, track development was made - additional groups tracks at the station, in addition to the main ones, intended for the reception and departure of trains. Accordingly, the speed of movement on the bridge should have been no more than 20-25 km / h.
While the bridge was being built, the troops were not to stop.

Therefore, a railway ferry was organized from the property of NZhM-56. It consisted of three ferries, three wagons, platforms or tanks entered the ferry. In addition, from the PM-70 set, crossings of cars and tracked vehicles were organized, which, after the crossing, continued on their own. We also used, by agreement of Russian Railways, passenger trains that we transported over this bridge. Well, there was an agreement with the river fleet to attract ships, barges for the crossing of automobile and tracked vehicles.

These events were attended by the Chief of the General Staff of the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation, Hero of Russia, General of the Army Valery Vasilyevich Gerasimov, who praised the actions of the Railway Troops. The task was solved in the shortest possible time with high quality.

Then, during the maneuvers, this task was completed again.

- Oleg Ivanovich, with what results are the Railway Troops completing the current academic year?

- As for, as we say, educational and practical work, the troops completed them before September 1. With the exception of the task that was set in February by the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, General of the Army Sergei Kuzhugetovich Shoigu, to build a road bridge across the Yenisei near the city of Kyzyl to reduce the distance and travel time of the units of the 55th separate motorized rifle brigade when moving them to the training ground. There was no capital bridge before - only a ferry crossing. We were allotted until September 29 for the construction of this bridge. This task was completed, and on October 12, in a festive atmosphere, the bridge was opened and put into operation.
In 2018, the Railway Troops repaired 60 km of non-public access roads at 47 sites of the Ministry of Defense. Repair was carried out different - lifting, reinforced. 60 sets of turnouts have been replaced, which have exhausted their resource.

The Deputy Minister of Defense, General of the Army Dmitry Vitalyevich Bulgakov, was tasked with reconstructing access roads at the Plesetsk cosmodrome. There is a very well developed network of railway tracks, the old type of rails R-50 has been laid. And if we are doing a major overhaul, we have to lay only a new type of R-65 rails ...

Why is the new rail better than the old one?

– It is designed and able to take a large load, which allows increasing the mass of the rolling stock passing through it ... So, 5 km of tracks in Plesetsk were replaced - the old rail and sleeper grid was dismantled, the old ballast was removed, a new rail and sleeper grid was laid, ballasted, straightened out. Plus, 16 sets of turnouts were replaced at the spaceport.

- Is it a lot - 5 km?

- This is a lot, because the work was done in the "windows". We could not completely stop the movement of the trains while performing the tasks of the cosmodrome. And when we were given a “window” of three hours, no more, we removed the old grate, put in a new one, quickly ballasted it, but did not straighten it. Immediately after that, trains were skipped as part of the performance of special tasks by the Space Forces. Then we waited for the next "window", and so we repaired the entire site. And then, also in the “windows”, they put the whole new path in order.

- You spoke about the construction of a bridge near the city of Kyzyl. As you know, the local residents are also happy about the commissioning of this bridge. Oleg Ivanovich, how often do the Railway Troops come to the aid of the population, including in emergency situations?

- One can recall a recent event, when in the city of Svobodny the overpass collapsed on the railway tracks, because of which the Trans-Siberian was paralyzed. In addition, the area where the city hospital, ambulance, school, kindergartens were located was cut off ... It was decided, at the request of the administration of the city of Svobodny, in cooperation with Russian Railways, to involve parts of the 50th separate railway brigade, which are deployed in Svobodny, for debris clearing. But first of all, we were approached with a request that we make a bypass road 3 km long.

The troops were involved in the night, the equipment of the mechanization battalion was involved: dump trucks, excavators, rollers, loaders. The sand and gravel mixture was obtained from the river port, and literally in a day this dirt road was made. It is still in use today. Then, together with Russian Railways, they began dismantling the collapsed spans. After 4–5 hours, two tracks were released, and trains went along the Trans-Siberian.

In 2013, the Railway Troops helped the population during the floods in Altai and the Far East, taking an active part in backfilling dams and restoring road bridges.

In June of this year, due to heavy rains on the Trans-Baikal Railway, the railway bridge was destroyed - the support was washed away, and the span structure fell. JSC "Russian Railways" asked for help. The Minister of Defense decided to provide assistance, and the Railway Troops began to carry out the task. It was necessary to dismantle the fallen support, replace the superstructure with another one of greater length and support it on two coastal supports, bypassing the intermediate one. This was done in the shortest possible time. JSC "Russian Railways" appreciated our help, thanking the railroad soldiers.

So the Railway Troops are always ready to quickly come to the rescue in emergency situations and perform the necessary work with high quality in the shortest possible time. This, by the way, speaks of the high preparedness of the personnel, and of their morale.

- I would like to continue the topic of personnel training, since you have already touched on it. Oleg Ivanovich, tell me, are the Railway Troops not experiencing personnel shortages today? Are there enough officers in the troops, are there many who want to become contract railroad soldiers?

- The Railway Troops are recruited according to a mixed principle, and now we have about 60% of military personnel on conscription and 40% on contract.

Those positions that, in accordance with the instructions of the General Staff, should be occupied by contract soldiers (squad commanders, deputy platoon commanders, drivers of categories D, E, C, specialists in working with complex mechanisms, on equipment that is designed to restore the superstructure of the tracks), we are 100 percent staffed with contract servicemen. There is no staff turnover among contractors. Even those who, for one reason or another, decide to leave, having found a better-paid job, as a rule, do not break the contract with the Ministry of Defense, but serve until the end of his term. Those wishing to join us contract service enough, and we do not experience any personnel shortage.

The rate of staffing by military personnel on the call of formations of the Railway Troops is not lower than 95%. At the same time, some connections are 100% complete.

I would like to note that the prestige of the Railway Troops is no lower than that of other military branches. True, it is based not so much on romance as on practicality, on the opportunity to get a profession that is in demand in the "citizen", often a rare specialty with which you can easily get a job, for example, at Russian Railways.

Plus, this is the awareness of the specific, visible benefits that the troops bring to people and the country as a whole, laying railroad tracks or building other railroad facilities. For example, the railway section Zhuravka - Millerovo bypassing Ukraine, which the troops handed over 2 years (!) ahead of schedule. Let me remind you that the total length of all station and main tracks on that double-track section is 214 km. Of these, the Railway Troops laid 177 km!

- Where are officers of the Railway Troops trained?

- At the Military Institute of Railway Troops and Military Communications, which is stationed in the suburbs of St. Petersburg, Petrodvorets. This is one of the oldest educational institutions, in March 2018 it turned 100 years old.

- What is the current competition for this military university?

– It is twice as high as in civilian institutes of railway transport engineers, and is 6-7 people per place, depending on the specialty.

So we have people - high-class professionals, we have equipment, and nothing prevents the Railway Troops from performing all tasks in accordance with their intended purpose.

Oleg Ivanovich Kosenkov
Oleg Ivanovich Kosenkov
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since 2010
Predecessor:	Sergei Vladimirovich Klimets
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Birth:	The 21st of April(1959-04-21 ) (60 years) village Temrovichi , Chausy district, Mogilev region BSSR, USSR
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Education:	Military Academy of Logistics and Transport named after A. V. Khrulev; Military Academy of the General Staff
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Military service
Years of service:	1980 - present. temp.
Affiliation:	USSR 22x20px USSR → Russia 22x20px Russia
Type of army:	Railway Troops Railway Troops
Rank:	Russian Air Force Lieutenant General lieutenant general
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Oleg Ivanovich Kosenkov(born April 21, 1959) - Russian military commander, lieutenant general. Head of the Main Directorate of the Railway Troops of Russia, Honored Military Specialist of the Russian Federation.

Biography

Born on April 21, 1959 in the village of Temrovichi (Chausky district, Mogilev region, BSSR). In 1980 he graduated from the Leningrad higher school Railway Troops and Military Communications named after M. V. Frunze

Since 1980, he served in the railway troops, was the commander of a pile driver platoon, then the commander of a concrete works company of a separate railway battalion. In 1985, he became commander of a concrete works company, then chief of staff and commander of a separate railway battalion. In 1990 he entered the Military Logistics and Transport Academy at the Command Military Transport Faculty, graduated in 1993. He was deputy commander and commander of a separate railway brigade.

In 1997 he entered and in 1999 graduated from the Military Academy of the General Staff of the Armed Forces.

In 1999 he became the commander of a separate railway brigade, then deputy commander of the railway corps.

In 2001, he was appointed to the position of Deputy Head of the Military Transport University - Head of the Faculty of Leadership Training. Since 2002 - chief of staff - first deputy commander of the railway corps. In 2008, he took the position of Chief of Staff - First Deputy Commander of the Railway Troops.

In 2010, he was appointed head of the Main Directorate of the Railway Troops of the Armed Forces of Russia.

Married, has two daughters.

Awards and honorary titles

• Order "For Service to the Motherland in the Armed Forces of the USSR" III degree
• Medal "For the development of railways"

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Links

• - site of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.
• - "Echo of Moscow"

An excerpt characterizing Kosenkov, Oleg Ivanovich

But I did not give in... Apparently, my famous “long-suffering” helped, which amused everyone around since I was still a baby. My father once told me that I was the most patient child that he and my mother had ever seen, and that it was almost impossible to piss me off. When others completely lost patience with something, I still said: “Nothing, everything will be fine, everything will work out, you just have to wait a bit” ... I believed in the positive even when no one else believed in it . But it was precisely this trait of mine that Caraff, even with all his excellent knowledge, apparently still did not know. Therefore, he was infuriated by my incomprehensible calmness, which, in fact, was not any kind of calmness, but was only my inexhaustible long-suffering. I simply could not allow that, while doing us such inhuman evil, he also enjoyed our deep, sincere pain.
Although, to be completely frank, I still could not explain some of the actions in Caraffa's behavior to myself ...
On the one hand, he seemed to be sincerely admired by my unusual “talents”, as if it really had some meaning for him ... And he was always sincerely admired by my “famous” natural beauty, as evidenced by the delight in his eyes, every time we met. And at the same time, for some reason, Karaffa was very disappointed with any flaw, or even the slightest imperfection, which he accidentally discovered in me and was sincerely infuriated by any of my weaknesses or even my slightest mistake, which, from time to time, to me, like to any person, sometimes it even seemed to me that I was reluctantly destroying some non-existent ideal created by him for himself...
If I didn’t know him so well, I might even be inclined to believe that this incomprehensible and evil person loved me in his own way and very strangely ...
But, as soon as my exhausted brain came to such an absurd conclusion, I immediately reminded myself that it was about Karaffa! And he certainly did not have any pure or sincere feelings inside him! .. And even more so, such as Love. Rather, it was like the feeling of an owner who found an expensive toy for himself, and who wanted to see in it, no more and no less, as soon as his ideal. And if the slightest flaw suddenly appeared in this toy, he was almost immediately ready to throw it straight into the fire...
– Is your soul able to leave your body during life, Isidora? - interrupted my sad thoughts with another unusual question of Karaff.
“Well, of course, Your Holiness! This is the simplest thing that any Vedun can do. Why is it of interest to you?
“Your father uses this to get away from pain ...” Karaffa said thoughtfully. “Therefore, there is no point in torturing him with ordinary torture. But I will find a way to get him to talk, even if it takes a lot longer than I thought. He knows a lot, Isidora. I think even more than you can imagine. He didn't reveal half of it to you!... Wouldn't you like to know the rest?!
– Why, Your Holiness?!.. – trying to hide my joy from what I heard, I said as calmly as possible. “If he didn’t reveal something, then it wasn’t time for me to find out yet. Premature knowledge is very dangerous, Your Holiness - it can both help and kill. So sometimes you need to be very careful to teach someone. I think you must have known this, after all, you studied there for some time, in Meteor?
- Nonsense!!! I am ready for everything! Oh, I've been ready for so long, Isidora! These fools simply do not see that I need only Knowledge, and I can do much more than others! Maybe even more than they are!
Karaffa was terrible in his “DESIRE for what is desired”, and I realized that in order to gain this knowledge, he will sweep away ANY obstacles that come his way ... And whether it will be me or my father, or even baby Anna, but he will get what he wants, he will “knock” him out of us, no matter what, apparently he has already achieved everything that his insatiable brain set his sights on before, including his current power and visiting Meteora, and, most likely, much, much more, oh what I preferred not to know better, so as not to completely lose hope in victory over him. Caraffa was truly dangerous for humanity!.. His super-crazy "faith" in his "genius" exceeded any usual norms of the highest existing conceit and frightened him with his peremptory attitude when it came to his "desired", about which he had not the slightest idea but only knew that he wanted it ...

S. BUNTMAN - Well, we are holding our next meeting, but it is on record. Anatoly Yermolin, Sergey Buntman presenters. Our guest is Oleg Ivanovich Kosenkov, head of the Main Directorate of the Railway Troops. Oleg Ivanovich, good afternoon.

O. KOSENKOV - Good afternoon.

S. BUNTMAN - We will now solemnly celebrate the 160th anniversary of the railway troops. And, of course, we will not tell the whole story to the railroad and the troops. But let's start again and in this way we will turn to the recent past. In the current state, how did you go through the transition at all to new system management, to all that is called a new look? What is the most important thing that has happened to you lately?

O. KOSENKOV - Well, firstly, taking this opportunity, I want to congratulate all the personnel of the railway troops, veterans of the railway troops on the holiday of the 160th anniversary of the formation of the railway troops, wish them good health, all the best.

S. BUNTMAN - We are joining.

A. YERMOLIN - With pleasure.

S. BUNTMAN - Yes.

O. KOSENKOV - In answer to your question, it means that, like all the armed forces, so the railway troops, respectively, have undergone changes in the organizational structure, in the organization of command and control of the railway troops. This means that today, according to the organizational and staff structure, the railway troops consist, therefore, of the Main Directorate of the Chief of the Railway Troops, with four directorates of the railway troops of the military districts. Here it corresponds to the new system of deployment of districts - the western department of the railway troops of the western military district, the department of the railway troops of the central military district, southern and eastern. Accordingly, the management of the railway troops of the districts ... they include separate railway brigades. In total, the railway troops have 10 separate railway brigades of constant readiness. And the units of central subordination, which are closed to the head of the Main Directorate of the Railway Troops, are mainly training units for the training of junior specialists. Well, both in the entire system of the Ministry of Defense, and in the railway troops, it means educational institution- Military Transport Institute, it is a branch of the Academy of Logistics and Transport. Accordingly, they are subordinate to the Department of Education of the Ministry of Defense. This is the training of officer cadres, the training of non-commissioned officers, platoon commanders.

S. BUNTMAN - Now it is also suspended, yes, like everyone else, admission is suspended.

O. KOSENKOV - Yes, as in all the armed forces, the same applies to the military transport institute of the railway troops. To date, the number of railway troops is 24.5 thousand personnel. Of these, 1870 officers, 3332 contract soldiers / sergeants, 2500 are civilian personnel, the rest are conscripts. If we take the ratio of military personnel on contract and military personnel on conscription, then according to the payroll, 18% of the personnel on conscription are military sergeants on contract. So, today, if you look at the analysis of the staffing of the railway troops, it means that they meet all the requirements of the governing documents general staff, the Minister of Defense, that is, they are staffed, equipped with serviceable equipment - up to 100%, with standard equipment necessary to carry out tasks for the regular purpose of the troops.

S. BUNTMAN - What is the main equipment of the railway troops?

O. KOSENKOV - The equipment of the railway troops is ... if we divide it this way, then if we take the railway, it consists of a subgrade, the upper structure of the track and artificial structures. Artificial structures, if you take it, we have bridges, culverts, these are tunnels. This means that according to the technology of erecting the subgrade and also for restoration in case of destruction, we have equipment for the construction and restoration of the subgrade, these are separate railway mechanization battalions, which are mainly armed with excavator complexes (the so-called mechanization company), bulldozer complexes and, accordingly, cars, dump trucks for transporting soil, either for the construction of an embankment, or for restoration when it is destroyed. If we take further the complex of works, these are the upper structures of the track. This is a rail-and-sleeper lattice, which is laid ... either it can be reinforced concrete, or a wooden sleeper. But mostly we now have reinforced concrete.

S. BUNTMAN - On reinforced concrete, of course, yes.

O. KOSENKOV - Separate railway track battalions are intended for this, which have the main weapons on themselves - these are track layers for laying the upper structures of the tracks, not by elements, that is, they completely lay the rail and sleeper grid, it is sewn up on the link assembly stands of the so-called ZSS 500, this is productivity per day, that is, 500 meters of grating can be produced per shift, followed by loading it on a roller platform and sending it to the place of laying the superstructure of the track. After laying the superstructure, the track goes, respectively, the ballasting of the track. To do this, we have separate operating platoons as part of a separate railway track battalion, which are armed with hopper, dump car turntables, this is for transporting, so to speak, inert materials, loose materials - either a sand and gravel mixture for ballast, or crushed stone . Next comes the ballasting of the upper structure of the track, respectively, with hopper turntables. There are also shunting diesel locomotives, in a platoon there are three diesel locomotives, 20 hopper turntables and 20 dump car turntables. Accordingly, heating cars for crew accommodation are also turntables. Accordingly, next comes the finishing of the upper structure of the track: these are cars. Continuous action to straighten the track, straighten the track, set the track on the axis, set the track ... that is, finishing it completely to reduce manual labor. If you paid attention, in some section of the road, for example, railway workers are doing, then there is a power station, the so-called B-4, a sleeper tamper, this is, let's call it that, a small-scale mechanized tool for performing small amounts of work, there, 10-15 -20 meters. And large volumes - I called you just such a technique.

S. BUNTMAN - Practically you can build a railway.

O. KOSENKOV - Practically yes.

A. YERMOLIN - For this, probably, they were created ...

O. KOSENKOV - Railway troops are intended: for the construction of new lines, detours (if used on war time), as well as to restore technical cover, barriers and dimensioning of railways, this is with regard to wartime. If we take the difference between the technology of the Russian Railways society ...

S. BUNTMAN - I just wanted to ask, yes.

O. KOSENKOV - So, they have equipment mainly, not mainly, but all equipment is intended, let's say so, for capital construction and restoration. They have all the equipment on the railroad. That is, in order to drive equipment to the stage, let's say so, from the station and perform certain tasks on some stage, there, station A to station B, which means that their equipment leaves only by rail. And in the event of the destruction of this station, there is no way to approach. This means that their equipment will come out after the interrupted movement can be restored at some stage, there, or at some section to complete the work. That is our equipment, well, it is more cumbersome equipment, it differs in that we basically have all the equipment on a combined course. That is, we have a railroad and a car. We send our equipment by road or by highway, as we call it. We find a low place where the equipment can go. She is put on a combined move. And then the equipment goes already, respectively, by rail.

S. BUNTMAN - And I wonder why civil railway construction cannot apply this ... it may have eased a lot of our suffering with the reconstruction and repair of railways?

O. KOSENKOV - And civil engineering also uses some elements. We have a question about… jointly with the joint-stock company Russian Railways on cooperation in this area. Apply.

S. BUNTMAN - After all, very close cooperation is necessary.

O. KOSENKOV - Very close is necessary.

S. BUNTMAN - Because with the planning of those ways that you spoke of, bypass and additional ones. All this should be included in a single system.

O. KOSENKOV - Well, if we call it that, we have a unified plan for the technical cover of our country. And there are determined the forces to carry out these tasks, including the railway troops, divisions of the Russian Railways society and the Transstroy corporation. At the head of all these structures is the Ministry of Transport and Construction. Therefore, we have close cooperation here. And as for wartime, and as for peacetime. Fulfilling all the tasks that our troops now face, if we do not work closely with the Russian Railways joint-stock company, then it will be very difficult, so to speak, for us alone.

S. BUNTMAN - No, well, it's simply impossible.

O. KOSENKOV - Even impossible.

A. YERMOLIN - And as for the GOSTs, SNIPs, there ... so, when you build, say, in wartime conditions, do you immediately build a capital road, or then it needs to be redone to a normal one?

O. KOSENKOV - No. According to technology, throughout science, we have three types of restoration. The most basic type of recovery is short-term. How is it different, the type of recovery is short-term? It is necessary to skip the echelon, you understand? If there was a destruction, it accumulated at the station or on the stage of the echelon, the most important task is to ensure the passage of traffic. When we have secured the passage of traffic, the next step is to build up this traffic. That is, we miss one pair of trains, for example, two pairs of trains per day. And you need 24 pairs of trains per day. Next comes the build-up, that is, the construction of second tracks, the restoration of some other tracks that have been restored. Immediately we make a smooth move, that is, we missed an interrupted movement - it went. The main type is short-term recovery. Next comes the restoration. And then comes this capital construction. Short-term recovery - we will literally say, for an operation, or for a day. Temporary - up to a month. And capital is already not less than 100 years.

A. YERMOLIN - I wish we could use such an approach to solve the problems of Moscow traffic jams.

S. BUNTMAN - Yes. I unloaded one, yes, and then to deal with it thoroughly. Generally a wonderful thing, of course. And who decides which type of restoration is now needed? Or they automatically enter….

O. KOSENKOV - In the course of the current situation, a decision is being made. If, as I have already said, we have what we need ... and we have a big congestion, then it is imperative to apply only a short-term recovery. But it is the main type of restoration according to all legislative documents.

S. BUNTMAN - Tell me, please, Oleg Ivanovich, how much is it now ... well, we talked about technology, but there are also devices, path diagnostics, because here we see, we see with our eyes, there, a gap, right? Little did it happen. An explosion, there, or it is not known what. How deep, how far does the damage to the railroad tracks go? Here, do you already have electronic diagnostics for this?

O. KOSENKOV - Well, about electronic diagnostics, we will say that we are inferior. These questions are being worked out. We have both R&D work and R&D work. Right now, we are also carrying out R&D work on new track machines. Accordingly, there will be an idea… it won't be, and it is already the idea of ​​those issues that you just mentioned.

S. BUNTMAN - Because, probably, it is important. It just seems...

O. KOSENKOV - Without fail.

S. BUNTMAN - Because we can expect what ... you know, as they say, about the same cars they say - hidden damage can be no one knows where.

A. YERMOLIN - The construction of railways, in our country at least, is sometimes influenced by very surprising factors. One of our guests was the commander of the Strategic Missile Forces. And he said that thanks to those trains that carried ballistic missiles and moved around the country, we have very high-quality railways. That is, there was laid such ...

S. BUNTMAN - Reserve?

A. YERMOLIN - The margin of safety is huge, that you should still be grateful not only to the railway workers, but also ...

O. KOSENKOV - I disagree to some extent, and rightly so. I will not reveal military secrets. Yes, there was such an order. It was called, we will say so, it had a name - the 625th. It was for the construction of what you have now called.

A. YERMOLIN - Well, this is BZHRK - a combat railway missile system.

O. KOSENKOV - I had to take part, being a company commander, chief of staff of a separate bridge railway battalion, battalion commander. And repeatedly I rented many such stations in Vologda region, Kostroma region and Yaroslavl. It's all fresh in my mind. The requirements for access roads and dead ends of the missiles of these BZHRKs - they were a little higher even than the requirements of those than for the main passage, where the ... passage was going. Why and why this is, I think you do not need to explain, you yourself will understand. And why.

A. YERMOLIN - It is very heavy. Or rather, dangerous.

O. KOSENKOV - Yes, very heavy. God forbid this composition will come down. You yourself noted this ... but considering, I will tell you that now for ... as for the railways, we will, in general, our roads of the Russian Federation, then, accordingly, Russian Railways JSC is very scrupulous about major repairs and replacements ... here, the presence on December 22 last year at the summing up of the results of the president of the Russian Railways joint-stock company summed up the results ... a very large amount of work has been completed, namely on the new construction of railways, but a very large amount is underway for major repairs, including replacement, as we have already said, of wood with reinforced concrete.

S. BUNTMAN - Is there still a lot of wood left?

O. KOSENKOV - Still preserved. But mostly...

S. BUNTMAN - In general, there should be a replacement.

O. KOSENKOV - Yes, the replacement is underway. Even if the sleeper is wooden for 5-7 years, and at least 25 years it is a reinforced concrete sleeper.

S. BUNTMAN - Yes.

A. YERMOLIN - Well, the BZHRK was taken out of production, out of service. But now there are completely new models of traffic organization, for example, Sapsan, high-speed roads. Does this somehow affect you or is it only local areas so far? Moscow-Peter, Moscow-Novgorod.

O. KOSENKOV - But how can they affect us, the railway troops ... they do not affect us in any way.

S. BUNTMAN - But in principle.

A. YERMOLIN - Standards do not change? The same GOSTs, construction.

O. KOSENKOV - Approaches? They change. The quality of the path changes, that is, the seamless path. Already, respectively, the excess of the outer over the inner rail. Accordingly, of course, standards change. Depending on the speed, of course, there are already approaches to the requirement of the superstructure of the track.

A. YERMOLIN - But you are not guided by them yet? Are you focusing on…

O. KOSENKOV - No, we are guided by the standard ... anyway, to ... we are guided. If we make some secondary access road, accordingly, the diagram of the sleepers changes there, you understand, the higher the speed, the more diagram of the sleepers to hold the rail ...

A. YERMOLIN - I heard so many new words in this program.

O. KOSENKOV - And if there is some kind of secondary access road, then, accordingly, there is less diagram, and why put some kind of reinforced concrete there, lay down the R-65 rail, if you can put the inventory R-50 there. Now Russian Railways has moved ... no longer applies. The most minimal type of rail is the R-65 rail. 50th, 43rd ... these are the rails ...

S. BUNTMAN - What is the main difference?

O. KOSENKOV - This is the height along the rail head.

S. BUNTMAN - Height. Yes?

O. KOSENKOV - Yes.

S. BUNTMAN - That's amazing. You say that you have now learned so many new words. But you understand what's going on. Why do I love overseas cinema? That in any film, there, action, any, there, thriller and so on, there is so much technique and you learn so much. Two big films about the railroad came out in a row. And about this… Once again, I am amazed why we cannot make a sensible film with intense action, but which would correspond to reality, correspond to some interesting things. I know half of everything about the modern railroad from American cinema.

O. KOSENKOV - Invite us more often.

S. BUNTMAN - Yes, we are happy to.

O. KOSENKOV - We are with the joint-stock company Russian Railways.

S. BUNTMAN - We would love to.

O. KOSENKOV - With the president or the head, the head of the department ...

S. BUNTMAN - Up to the point that absolutely amazing ones are produced ... and the Germans make any models of railways that millions of people are fond of.

A. YERMOLIN - Here is some kind of psychological ...

S. BUNTMAN - Millions of people who are fond of these ... I saw a terrible Bavarian uncle, I thought - here is some kind of nationalist, and he opens the book "Catalogue of Railway Models" and begins to read it, to collect all this. This is very educational stuff. Well, what is possible. And your technique should be in these models. We must also model this for the guys, for collectors. It's a good deal, here's some 16mm way. It's me who stepped back because it's always very inspiring. Railway troops appeared 160 years ago. Did the importance of railways as means of communication become clear immediately, or did it take some time after the first railways?

O. KOSENKOV - You know that the first railway was created St. Petersburg - Tsarskoye Selo and for what purposes. Accordingly, the first operational company was created to operate this road. Accordingly, this is where the name of the railway troops came from. Accordingly, when industry and the economy developed, and the development of railways showed that the main mode of transport, and we will not leave now, which is a mass share of transportation, is still transported by rail. Today, congratulating those who were awarded a government award, a departmental award of the Ministry of Transport, the Minister of Transport even answered, well, on the eve of ... we have the Day of the Railway Worker on August 7.

S. BUNTMAN - Yes.

O. KOSENKOV - Celebrated. First Sunday of August. Considering that there is a lot of competition water transport, air, railway, after all, only rail transport transports the share at the present stage, I quoted the words of the Minister of Transport. Accordingly, with the development of the economy, the development of railways also proceeded. And so every year it became that without railways it would be at all ...

S. BUNTMAN - No, they just develop, modernize, but as such, the railways remain, and ...

A. YERMOLIN - The standards are practically ...

S. BUNTMAN - No one has come up with anything yet.

O. KOSENKOV - And I think we won't think of anything else. We already come up with different designs that used to be a bridge to build, now there are floating ones, there are various others, you know, we used to have ... we had. We could let a two-axle car pass ... the 50th rail went, the 65th rail went. Let's go the pathless way. Wooden sleepers were replaced by reinforced concrete. Well, a number of others. Previously, the turnout was transferred by a transfer mechanism with a wind vane, now it is ... Therefore, the process does not stand still. The movement is moving forward.

S. BUNTMAN - And even with temporary repairs, when you make some workarounds, you still have to save some ... you never know what gets spoiled, the old ones must be preserved ...

O. KOSENKOV - Definitely.

S. BUNTMAN - And manual translation of the arrow, and ...

O. KOSENKOV - Absolutely, yes, yes.

S. BUNTMAN - There should be those devices that insure in case of failure of very many modern ... modern equipment. I want to remind you that our guest is Oleg Ivanovich Kosenkov, head of the Main Directorate of the Railway Troops. And we will try to answer all your questions. I remind you that the program is being recorded. We will talk about how military personnel live and what they face literally every day, monthly, weekly, because these are the troops, these are the working troops that have been working all our, thank God, peacetime. Now we will break for a few minutes, and then we will continue.

S. BUNTMAN - We continue our program. It is hosted by Anatoly Yermolin and Sergey Buntman. And our guest is Major General Kosenkov, head of the Main Directorate of the Railway Troops. Please tell me, when at the end of the previous part I said that these are working troops, it feels like you are constantly involved. Either repair, or God forbid, a natural disaster, the destruction of the paths, constant viewing, the same monitoring, the buzzword that we love to say. Checking the status of everything. This is how it really goes both regularly and freelance, how do the railway troops serve? Here, what does it consist of?

O. KOSENKOV - Well, on a regular basis ... as in all the armed forces, in the railway troops, because they are part of the armed forces of logistics. The academic year begins on December 1 and ends, respectively, in the month of November with a preparatory period in October for these tests. Accordingly, we will call it that the training period is from December-January-February, usually where we prepare theoretically, well, starting from March and usually on October 1, we complete tasks. If our other troops do not go to training grounds, our regular training grounds, where they conduct shooting, where missile launches, then our regular training grounds are objects for performing production tasks. Basically, we have tasks - they are big tasks for us, but we will say that we solve them with honor. This is the repair of access roads to the objects of the Ministry of Defense, to complex logistics bases, to objects of space forces, strategic missile forces, we have already mentioned here the commander of the troops, the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Defense, and a number of others, I will not list ... air force, the navy ... that is, I will say this, to all kinds, to all types, it is necessary to bring material reserves, material means, create them so that people can complete their tasks, so that people are fed, provided with all kinds. Everyone has some kind of storage somewhere, and all this is served, respectively, by rail. You can't bring it by car. Everyone has access roads everywhere. In order to exploit them, keep them in a normal condition, they need to be put in order, and this is the task set by the Minister of Defense in order to complete the maximum next year. And as we said, not in the short-term recovery, which we called, but in the capital one. And don't go there for 25 years. Put it all in order. We have them, it turns out, troops are scattered around the districts. Accordingly, these facilities ... we try, when the troops have become part of the districts, so that, for example, the western railway brigade of the district will be attracted to the central or eastern one ... no, he has his own brigades, 2-3 of them are obtained if we have 10 brigades. They perform within the county. But it turns out sometimes not, because there are space troops, there are rocket troops, so they can be located in another district, and since all the units that are located in one territory of this district are occupied, we will use the railway brigades of other districts. Depending on the assigned task, well, we are trying, and the Deputy Minister of Defense, General of the Army Bulgakov, demands from us, we are fulfilling his instructions, respectively, to start all this work somewhere in March, we begin their implementation in March, tasks. We start in bulk after May 9 and finish them before October 1, followed by departure to the points of permanent deployment, preparation for the final test, passing the final test. Accordingly, preparation for the new academic year. And the new school year starts on December 1st. This is about regular.

S. BUNTMAN - This is a regular situation, yes.

O. KOSENKOV - The task was set by the Minister of Defense, the Deputy Minister of Defense, General of the Army Bulgakov. This mechanization unit, I already told you what it is, a separate railway mechanization battalion, performs the tasks of bunding the arsenals of the main rocket and artillery department.

A. YERMOLIN - This is very important.

O. KOSENKOV - Yes, storage facilities, open areas for storage of ammunition, other... that is, the construction of earthen ramparts around these storage facilities, that is, embankment is underway. The mechanization battalion is engaged in its regular purpose. These are his quarries, land, carriage, laying, well, let's say that it does not turn out to be that long, but anyway, if it is long, then it turns out to be very voluminous.

A. YERMOLIN - It has always been like this, or, here ... taking into account what is happening now in the arsenals, here, just yours ...

O. KOSENKOV - We started it ... the embankment was, was carried out, but we did not bring in the railway troops before that. A number of storage facilities have been bunded, but many have not yet been bunded. There is still a lot to be done. Last year we made 462 vaults. Here, this year we have a task - 361 storage facilities. This turns out to be about 1,200,000 m^3 of land. This is if taken by quantity. Now they are being carried out by 5 separate railway mechanization battalions. With the same task, as I called it, and other parts, that from the month of May they begin, before October 1 they finish. In October, they pass the inspection, the point of permanent deployment, we repair equipment. Well, I won't repeat which one I mentioned. And, accordingly, further training of specialists in the classroom, dismissal, conscription of personnel. But in connection with the situation that we may have, we will not go far for examples, the events that took place in Abakan, across the Abakan River, when the support was washed away by floods and the 55-meter span structure fell, are very fresh. . Then, accordingly, by decision of the Minister of Defense, at the direction of the Minister of Defense, it was decided to provide assistance, assistance so that our economy does not suffer, to restore this railway bridge. Here the situation was already there, that, accordingly, a unit was alerted ... a separate bridge railway battalion of the 5th separate railway brigade in Abakan. Even those tasks that were set - they had to be postponed a little for the time being, because there is such a task.

S. BUNTMAN - Extraordinary.

O. KOSENKOV - Extraordinary, yes. Here, the joint-stock company "Russian Railways" provided us with great assistance, on the allocation of an additional set of collapsible overpass, respectively, and the government of the Russian Federation quickly made a decision, that is, once again showed that our system is working, and God forbid, there were no natural disasters, but it was all done quickly.

S. BUNTMAN - And what are the conclusions? Because it's all on the one hand, these are terrible and disturbing incidents, natural disasters. But their elimination, now, the fight against them - it must ... some lessons from it. Now, what lessons have you learned from this? What was the most important thing for you? Well, we can learn a lesson… everything works as well as it should for us… we need to tweak here, we need to do something here. Was it helpful?

O. KOSENKOV - It was useful. The first lesson had to be done, let's say that the engineering staff of units, formations, teams for making a decision ... but it seems that we made a decision, but you need to make it right the first time, you understand? Assess the situation, evaluate the river itself, how it is, what, it is still a mountain river, it is unpredictable. You see, it’s not like some kind of ordinary river in the European part, where it’s calm, its current is long ... in this regard, that ... and sometimes such a formulaic solution that we’ve already got used to it, that there will be such shakes so to speak, and it was not. Although last year the exercise was also held on a tributary of this in Minusinsk ... only from this ... in terms of equipment, in terms of equipment, it means that no lessons needed to be done, that is, the sanitary structure is completed, here ... that's just in this regard.

A. YERMOLIN - And what are the most difficult works you consider?

O. KOSENKOV - The most difficult work is considered to be pavement.

S. BUNTMAN - Bridges after all.

O. KOSENKOV - Yes, yes, after all, bridges. The most difficult work is the construction, let's say so, of any bridge, even small, medium, large. And as the bridgemen say, I myself graduated from higher military school of railway troops and military communications in the 80th year, faculty of construction of artificial structures. And as the bridge builders say, if you have built a support, consider that you have built a bridge. The most difficult thing about the bridge is to build supports, on which you need to install or, there, push the superstructure. This is a very time-consuming work, especially on such rivers as the Abakan, the Yenisei, it is…

S. BUNTMAN - Very serious engineering training is needed.

O. KOSENKOV - Very serious engineering training, very serious.

A. YERMOLIN - But, by the way ...

S. BUNTMAN - Are the tunnels less complicated?

O. KOSENKOV - The tunnels are also complex. I'm just... bridges... I mean artificial structures. Also very complex. Any artificial structure is complex. Let's even take an inventory pipe, a small one, there, a meter in diameter, two meters, and even then this is a complex engineering structure. If the area is swamped by everyone else. If it is not even given such engineering importance as it should be, the same technical conditions, the same building codes and rules are observed, then this can also make troubles and then in operation.

S. BUNTMAN - If it's a bridge, there's a lot to take into account, of course. But the tunnels, after all, too ... this is a completely peculiar preparation needed. And depending on what blockage if in the tunnel, and what is there. And the appropriate use of appropriate technology. How to clear these blockages. Will you suddenly have to go through again.

O. KOSENKOV - Also complex engineering structures. Yes, it's undeniable.

S. BUNTMAN - Yes. Tell me, please, now, now ... here you are talking. That's what we talk about all the time. When a bridge is a support. When the tunnels, we remember how they were passed before, but then there were shields and many, many things, and tubing layers, and other things. Is something completely new in technology coming to both yours and civilians now? Because we thought a lot about how to make bridges often and unsupported to make bridges, the calculation of structures, plus windage, there, and so on. So, something comes to you, or even more, from your environment, from your troops, some witty interesting new engineering solutions appear? How does science work?

O. KOSENKOV - Science is advancing, probably, we won't even say that ... it is advancing. This has already been shown during the construction of the ring road in St. Petersburg, we have it here in Moscow, everywhere. Bridge building is underway. Also in the railroad industry. As for the tunnels, I also agree with you that work is already underway on development and on other issues. We are like railway troops, we don’t have a tunnel battalion ... general course at the military transport university, of course, they pass ... a bridgeman, not knowing the structure of the tunnels - this is not a bridgeman ... but we do not have such units, units. And special equipment for performing tasks ...

S. BUNTMAN - And in which case, who does it?

O. KOSENKOV - This is dealt with, respectively, by the joint-stock company Russian Railways. They have specialized tunnel squads… and even if we open the pages of the technical cover plan like this, this task is entrusted to the Transstroy Corporation and JSC Russian Railways. And artificial structures for large ones - for bridges, for pipes ... well, we don’t count pipes. And the big bridges, the middle ones… they are, accordingly, assigned to us. As for the innovations in the railway troops, well, you yourself have already said here, and I said that the main task of the troops is, after all, the organization of the restoration and technical protection of the railways. Troops, they are troops, in order to complete tasks in wartime, not to interrupt our movement, here ... we won’t say that Russia has how many roads it has ... there is probably no country in the world that has the number of roads like the Russian Federation. And we are working in the field of application of new structures, new technologies for restoration, as we have called, here, by types of restoration, so that it seems to be short-term, but this restoration will be considered temporary according to the use of such or other structures.

S. BUNTMAN - Well, of course, but nothing should happen during this time ... that's something else.

O. KOSENKOV - Here. If we use, for example, for the short-term restoration of any ... well, not any bridge, where we have water barriers, respectively, not in width, but in the depth of the river, in terms of the speed of the flow, floating railway bridges. It is called so "NZhM-56", floating railway bridge NZhM-56. This is already, we will say, I don’t know, there is the 56th year of construction, there is the 59th, my peers, there are others ... good designs, of course, that’s all. Accordingly, the troops developed a new bridge-tape "NZhM VT, which successfully passed the test across the Volga in Yaroslavl. By order of the Minister of Defense was adopted. And now there is a serial production of this bridge. This bridge allows, therefore ... its guidance ... its fastenings directly to rail pontoons ... to let through which trains, then both automotive and caterpillar vehicles can pass through it. If only automotive vehicles passed along NZhM-56, there was a wooden flooring directly on the pontoons to the side to allow only automotive vehicles to pass, then this one is already directly ... and, accordingly, it already withstands the modern load, not the loads that were 30-50 years ago ...

S. BUNTMAN - Well, yes.

O. KOSENKOV - Two-axle cars of 12 tons per axle, namely the modern load.

S. BUNTMAN - Biaxial, I don't know... except for museums...

O. KOSENKOV - Well, I take ... for this he was calculated back sometime. under modern loads. That is, if we, for example, let a train of 20 wagons pass, then these are ordinary 46 wagons, all loaded, the bridge passes freely, there is no need to tighten the bolts somewhere, anchor again, look at the pontoons, that's it. It works like a whole tape in these matters too... Accordingly, we also deal with technical questions regarding pile driving, pile driving, inventory bridge structures. Here, I named the inventory bridge structure for you ... we will already say that the structure is a good design, so we used it when restoring the bridge across the Abakan, we mounted 55 meters with RM-500, here, but it allows passage, we will only say, basically railway transport. If during the installation of flooring, then you can skip automobile transport, but not caterpillar, that is, it will not withstand such a load. Now we have developed, the production of an experimental sample is underway, and we plan to test it in the 12th year, in the 12th year, it is called the "inventory railway bridge", which under the modern load, which, without re-equipment, flooring and everything else, will be able to skip automotive equipment, as well as modern caterpillar equipment that we now have.

S. BUNTMAN - Is it already incorporated in it? It has this reserve and this opportunity.

O. KOSENKOV - And if this RM-500 design - it is used mainly on small watercourses, which means denser soils, then this one can already be used on deeper watercourses, with a higher flow rate, if at two meters per second it is already scary , because there is a washout under the support, shoes ... there will be a subsidence, respectively, a collapse, then these structures are already on screw piles, they have support under the wrapping shoes ... and weak soils are not terrible, and there are already such watercourses in this ...

S. BUNTMAN - Well, yes, great.

O. KOSENKOV - Therefore, science does not stop, it goes forward.

S. BUNTMAN - Because we remember even a civilian one stands and stands ... something there ... 35 years ago, the piles were completely ... absolutely unrecognizable, unrecognizable.

A. YERMOLIN - Are you sure that there are combat standards? And what are they? Here's how much you owe...

O. KOSENKOV - There are combat standards. If there were no combat standards ... then it would be possible to say how it was done ... we can’t keep, for example, if we don’t have a standard that we need a train in a day, so that it has already gone and passed, the troops demand ... the troops need material resources, the troops need fuel, the troops need ammunition, and we will say with our charter that, excuse me, you stand for a month, because we will not restore? There are standards. There are standards. They are prescribed... if we restore the bridge with the preparation of structures, we must restore 30-40 linear meters of the bridge per day. The track battalion must restore the upper structure of the tracks 3 kilometers a day, after laying the tracks it is finished and pass 3 kilometers. The mechanization battalion - it has production capabilities, it’s all been tested, it’s all been tested during exercises, it’s all a collection of standards ... which means it must produce up to 14 thousand cubic meters per day, this is a full-fledged full-time battalion, which is armed with 9 excavators, it costs 8 bulldozers, one of them heavy, and 42 dump trucks, respectively, and finishing equipment, I mean rollers, graders, and so on and so forth. If a floating railway bridge, this is a short-term restoration for the main types of restoration, this is a bridge that we quickly built, and you understand, there is no need to build any supports, nothing, nothing, if the watercourse allows, and accordingly it has already been determined ... in case of destruction, there is an option restoration, how it is being restored - along the old axis or on a bypass, or by a floating railway bridge. All this is provided. There are already cordoned off approaches for floating railway bridges to some bridges. It is induced during the day, its length is 500 meters. One set of 500 meters should be hovered during the day. This is with the design when they are already lying on the shore. That is, the ferry is being assembled, the ferry is being put on the axle of the bridge, and that’s it, within a day we should, accordingly, with a ready approach to the bridge, I mean filling the embankment, laying the track, skip the traffic, respectively. And it all comes together. We will not be so that we have built a bridge and are waiting for the railway workers, for example, to make the upper structure for us ... this is all going on in a complex. It all comes together.

S. BUNTMAN - And everything is calculated, how, when, what should be done.

O. KOSENKOV - And all this was calculated in peacetime, even in cooperation, as I called it, with the Transstroy corporation, the Russian Roads joint-stock company, we build floating bridges, and Russian Railways JSC does everything, and all this there is interaction, and we conduct joint exercises. Right now, literally in September, we will have the strategic exercises of the Center-2011, and on the eve of this exercise, special exercises will be held under the leadership of the Deputy Minister of Defense, General of the Army Bulgakov.

S. BUNTMAN - Before there are additional teachings.

O. KOSENKOV - Then it will go ...

S. BUNTMAN - Teaching for teachings?

O. KOSENKOV - No, well, this is for the preparation of units, units, and then those units, respectively, similar to these exercises. And the railway troops, respectively, are involved in the exercises together with the Russian Railways joint-stock company, the Transstroy corporation. We will play one of the questions at a real object of technical cover across the Yenisei, near Abakan, a floating railway bridge 448 meters long will be built. And the rest of the work, all that relate to the approaches to the bridge, all this will be done by the subdivisions of the Russian Railways joint-stock company ... on all these issues.

S. BUNTMAN - In this regard, by the way, well, many years have passed since the Great Patriotic War, so now former saboteurs have begun to write in their memoirs that the so-called rail war was ineffective, because the enemy was rebuilding the destroyed areas too quickly.

O. KOSENKOV - That is, yes.

S. BUNTMAN - By the way, are there your analogues in some other countries now, namely the railway troops?

O. KOSENKOV - Are there analogues in other countries? Well, if there was when Soviet Union, then there were analogues in Bulgaria, and Poland, and in Germany there were. Haven't heard it now.

S. BUNTMAN - That is, this is being solved with the help of ordinary, private railways.

O. KOSENKOV - Well, let's say so. They have some railways... let's call it that... one of our regions, some Moscow, there, or Leningrad. And we have a stretch of railways, a network ...

S. BUNTMAN - Oleg Ivanovich, but tell me, please, you still studied the history of both your troops and railways ... after all, in the end, the factor that our gauge is wider than in Europe played some role, in collisions?

O. KOSENKOV - In what sense? In victory in the Great patriotic war…

S. BUNTMAN - Well, in principle, yes.

O. KOSENKOV - I think not.

S. BUNTMAN - No, after all ...

O. KOSENKOV - I think not. Who cares?

S. BUNTMAN - What's the difference? Still, everything can be done and redone. Here. Well, yes, even now, in my opinion, we have overcome all this technical inconvenience. In general, it was an amazing decision, of course, then to make completely different tracks. Tell me, please, now, what is the main thing? In what field? We talked about technology, we talked about tasks, about structural reorganization. They did not talk about the financial situation of the servicemen. So what state is it in now? And provision, and new allowances, housing, life ... officers, first of all, and military personnel under the contract.

O. KOSENKOV - Well, if we talk about the material support of military personnel, here, first with officers, respectively, it means that we get that, in addition to receiving a monetary allowance, which is due to our full-time position, we have a soldier ... we get 3 railway brigades, respectively, with a decision by the commission of the Ministry of Defense and at our request receive 400 th order all officers. These are the brigades that, based on the results of combat training and on the basis of the results school year achieved better results. We have a separate railway brigade in Ryazan, a separate railway brigade in Abakan and a separate railway brigade, which is stationed in Bryansk, well, this is the department of brigades. Battalions - they are also deployed in other areas. In addition, monthly, respectively, quarterly payments are made by order of the Minister of Defense of the so-called, it is called 1010, this saves money, respectively, payments are made to officers. Now there are no delays. If an officer rents an apartment for rent, it means that he doesn’t have such a problem that he, there, tomorrow the money will come, he receives them on time, a month a month, that is, the 15th came, that’s it, he wrote a report, he received the money , but maybe they sometimes do not coincide with renting an apartment, which can be more expensive there ... in this regard, only if some cities, we will say such, are large ... Here ... what is providing an officer now ... with cash ... well, such I didn’t hear a single officer’s complaints, being in the army and being at the graduation, which we had just recently in the month of June, the graduates have now arrived all, 100%, complaints about the allowance so ... well, of course, we always want more ...

S. BUNTMAN - Everyone is waiting for the prime minister to fulfill his promise, when the lieutenant will receive 70,000.

O. KOSENKOV - You see, I think that the more money, the better, probably ... there is never a lot of them. Therefore ... but there are no such complaints. And while talking, now analyzing the arrival of officers, we want to gather all the graduate officers of this year on the 22nd now, to sum it up ... which means that not a single officer who has arrived in the troops has yet written a letter of resignation. Those who left, let's say so, immediately after graduation, expressed a desire to retire as a lieutenant in the reserve, so everyone was satisfied with the order of the Minister of Defense, respectively, all this was implemented, this order. Well, as you already said, our Supreme Commander, summing up the results of the activities of the armed forces for the 10th year and setting tasks for the 11th year, from the rostrum of the General Staff Academy club assured all the leadership of the armed forces that from January 1 On the 12th year, respectively, there will be an increase in the monetary allowance for military personnel. Here. The Minister of Defense of the Supreme Commander-in-Chief… not a question, but in the course of the question a question was asked to the Minister… that is, the President asked… in such a way, do you think, in order to keep financial incentives going on… if, for example, a serviceman will receive normally… 400th order, order 1010… the president said to work on this issue, and this stimulation will definitely remain, that is, it’s not like that… and we got 400 in 2011… we increased it, and there won’t be.

S. BUNTMAN - No, we were just talking about this.

O. KOSENKOV - The most important issue... that money is important, that a military officer, a contract soldier, a sergeant, he must live somewhere with his family, and a bachelor is also in a hostel. As of today, we have a question regarding the provision of servicemen with housing, let's put it this way, that the issue is being resolved, well, the issue is being resolved quite well. If we take parts of the central subordination, to date, 19 officers and contract servicemen have not received from me only a notice to receive housing. The rest got everything.

S. BUNTMAN - Only 19?

O. KOSENKOV - These are parts of the central subordination, I mean.

S. BUNTMAN - I see.

O. KOSENKOV - The rest received. The situation with the troops is a little bit worse, but they got it from… that is, the Department of Housing, everything is going on, that is, officers receive notifications, very fruitful work has now begun on drawing up social employment contracts so that military personnel can move in and, accordingly, live. That is, this program is not worth it, I unequivocally declare ...

S. BUNTMAN - That is, she is coming?

O. KOSENKOV - She is coming.

S. BUNTMAN - God forbid, and it will come true. Once again, we congratulate you on the anniversary of the troops. Oleg Ivanovich Kosenkov, Head of the Main Directorate of the Railway Troops. Thanks a lot. This completes the transmission.

O. KOSENKOV - Thank you, all the best.

A. YERMOLIN - Thank you.

Major General Oleg Kosenkov, Head of the Main Directorate of the Railway Troops, became a guest of the next edition of the Military Council program broadcast on the Ekho Moskvy radio station and the Zvezda TV channel.

Corr.:- Oleg Ivanovich, what tasks are the Railway Troops solving today?

Oleg Kosenkov:- Like all the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation as a whole, the Railway Troops have tasks for both peacetime and wartime. In wartime, they are designed to organize technical cover, restoration, blocking and demining of the country's railways. In peacetime, they perform the tasks of maintaining, accumulating material resources necessary for the restoration of the railways of the Russian Federation, training specialists of the Railway Troops, performing tasks for the construction and repair of access roads of the Ministry of Defense, are involved in the construction of railways by order of Russian Railways and other organizations who have railroad tracks in their charge. So, to date, two separate railway brigades are building a ring road with various types coating on which military motorists will learn to drive in extreme conditions. At this site, quarries will be built to work out the entry and exit and dunes will be poured to work out the movement on the sandy road. Construction is expected to be completed by December 1, 2013.

Corr.:- That is, the engineering experience of the railway workers was also useful in the construction of roads?

Oleg Kosenkov:- Yes, since the embankment of a road and a railway is in principle carried out in the same way, however, with some peculiarities: after all, the loads on them differ significantly. So the mechanization battalion of a separate railway brigade performs tasks according to its regular purpose.

Corr.:- This brigade of constant readiness?

Oleg Kosenkov:- Yes. All our railway brigades are on constant combat readiness. The Main Directorate of the Railway Troops reports to the Deputy Minister of Defense, General of the Army Dmitry Bulgakov, who oversees logistics in the Armed Forces of the Russian Federation. Brigade tailored mobilization reserves completed 100%.

Corr.:- What is the difference between railway brigades and civilian organizations of the same purpose?

Oleg Kosenkov:- Russian Railways is mainly focused on the capital construction of railways. The main task of the Railway Troops is to restore the tracks, but we do not forget about capital construction either. To do this, we train the appropriate specialists.

Last year, for example, the support of the railway bridge connecting the aluminum plant near Abakan with the railway line was washed away. The support sank, there was a drop of two span structures 55 meters long. JSC "Russian Railways" was ready to take on the overhaul of the bridge, but it would take three months. The plant could be left without work. Therefore, after the management of the plant appealed to the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation, we were given the task of restoring the bridge. This was done by the 5th separate railway brigade. Prefabricated structures were used, and a week later the bridge was restored under the short-term option. While the restoration was going on, we ensured the movement of traffic and the normal operation of the plant.

Corr.:- How to get into the Railway Troops? What are the replenishment requirements?

Oleg Kosenkov:- Of those who were educated in railway colleges, we train locomotive drivers, assistant drivers, railway crane operators. If those who want to serve in our country have no education, then after registration through the military registration and enlistment office they will be sent to a training center for the training of junior specialists.

Corr.:- Has the military department been preserved at the Moscow State University of Communications?

Oleg Kosenkov:- Not. But military departments remained in Rostov and Far East public universities ways of communication. Taking into account the results of the monitoring, today we have enough specialists coming from these universities, and those who studied in the relevant military and civil institutions previously and now in stock.

Corr.:- How long does it take to train a good specialist of the Railway Troops?

Oleg Kosenkov:- This primarily depends on the level with which the conscript came to us, whether he has special education. In general, we train our contingent in 22 specialties, which are necessary to fulfill the tasks assigned to the Railway Troops. The main ones are locomotive drivers, assistant locomotive drivers, compilers and drivers of railway cranes. The training lasts at least five months. AT training center We also train excavators of heavy excavators, pontooners, boat mechanics, track fitters for the railway troops ... All of them receive diplomas of a general civilian standard.

After serving in the army, such a specialist can work in accordance with his qualifications at Russian Railways.

Corr.: What are the troops doing now?

Oleg Kosenkov:- By October 1, we need to complete repairs at 68 objects of the Ministry of Defense. In total, more than 100 km of tracks will be repaired. About 110 turnouts will be laid. Mechanization battalions are currently performing the tasks of bunding storage facilities at 328 arsenals of the Main Rocket and Artillery Directorate. The total volume of earthworks is more than 3 million cubic meters. And, as I said before, two mechanization battalions are building a training road.

Corr.:- What is the rolling stock in your troops?

Oleg Kosenkov:- In the track battalions, the main type of weapons is shunting locomotives with hopper-dispensers. For the movement of personnel and drivers, there are heating wagons. There are universal pile-driving units with which we are armed. Successfully serves the military railroad and new equipment created at the turn of the century. Including lifting and leveling machine PRM-RM, straightening and leveling machine VPRM-G, flat lifting frame-screw support (RVO), collapsible crane SRK-20M, mobile folding pile driver MSK-1M, mobile repair complex PRK-1 , pontoon carrier ANS-10 and ANS-10U-T.

Corr.:- Is there an armored train in service?

Oleg Kosenkov:- Yes. We have two armored trains. They are in two restoration railway battalions of the 37th separate railway brigade. While, as in the song, stand on the siding. An armored train is a military unit of constant readiness, which can begin to perform its regular task within an hour. The task of the armored train is to escort military echelons. It has a supply of materials for the rapid restoration of the superstructure of the track.

Corr.:- And who covers the Railway Troops during the fighting?

Oleg Kosenkov:- If necessary, the commanders of the troops of the military districts allocate units that will provide cover during the restoration of railways and bridges. Each of our battalions has a guard platoon. Armored trains also have the corresponding forces and means. Cover elements are trained annually in special tactical exercises.

Corr.:- Do you often spend them?

Oleg Kosenkov:- Every year, 10 railway pontoon-bridge battalions conduct exercises on practical building of railway floating bridges. Moreover, in different climatic and natural conditions.

Corr.:- What are the main problems of the Railway Troops to be solved in the near future?

Oleg Kosenkov:- Like all the Armed Forces, the Railway Troops are being improved, rearmament is actively underway in accordance with the State Defense Order. So, by 2020, up to 75% of new equipment should be in service with the troops. We will achieve this. Today, the problem that would not be solved remained chronic, there is no one in our troops. Yes, there are critical issues, but they are solvable. For example, we have significantly reduced the number of accidents and crimes.

Corr.:- How do you assess the social security of the military personnel of the Railway Troops, their provision with housing?

Oleg Kosenkov:- All parts of the Railway Troops and the management of brigades are in major cities. These are Komsomolsk-on-Amur, Yekaterinburg, Omsk, Abakan, Volgograd, Khabarovsk, Ryazan, Smolensk, Pskov. And also Svobodny, the metropolitan area. Proximity to large centers makes it possible to provide those in need with places in kindergartens, jobs for the wives of servicemen. Military camps are equipped, maintained by JSC "Slavyanka". Issues related to corporate housing and payment of compensation for sublease of premises in case of its absence have been resolved. The situation with permanent housing is not bad. These matters are under my control.

Corr.:- How often do you use the railway yourself?

Oleg Kosenkov:- As needed. When I go on business trips, on vacation ...

Corr.:- At the same time, you observe how the movement is organized? After all, each profession has its own characteristics?

Oleg Kosenkov:- I graduated from the military school of the Railway Troops and Military Communications with a degree in the construction of artificial structures, therefore, when driving along railway bridges or along a highway, I always wonder what a railway bridge is. I'm wondering how they apply modern technologies seamless path, which is figuratively called "velvet".

Corr.:- Do the troops have a museum?

Oleg Kosenkov:- Yes. It is located in the training center in the village of Zagoryansky. There is also a training ground for modern equipment, which is used in the Railway Troops. All of it is in working order.

Corr.:- In your professional opinion, how should the Russian railway network be developed?

Oleg Kosenkov:- Every year, at the invitation of Vladimir Yakunin, I take part in a meeting on the development of JSC Russian Railways. Particular attention is paid to capital construction railway tracks Far East and application of new technologies. Of course, a country with more than 85,000 kilometers of railways needs their constant development and improvement. A lot depends on us, railroad workers in uniform.