Linguistics test 1 course. Screening test for the course “General Linguistics. Test.7. Interfix is for
I option
1. The study of general problems related to the structure and functioning of any language in society is
A) linguistics
B) private linguistics
C) philology
D) general linguistics
2. The cognitive function of language is the ability
B) express the internal state of the speaker
C) serve as a means of communication
3. Relations that connect language units of the same level in the system are called
A) linguistic
B) paradigmatic
C) stylistic
D) syntagmatic
4. The elementary minimum part of the value, its component is
D) archisema
5. Non-limiting (non-discrete) language units include
C) quasi-morphemes
D) free phrases
6. The grammar of Panini expounds
A) Sanskrit grammar system
B) Sanskrit lexical system
C) Sanskrit phonetic system
D) stylistic features of Sanskrit
7. The first centers of Arabic linguistics arose in Basra and Kufa in
B) VII - VIII centuries.
8. Paradigmatics is
9. At the origins of Russian psycholinguistics were
A) I. A. Baudouin de Courtenay, S. Kartsevsky
B) V. V. Vinogradov, L. V. Shcherba
C) F. F. Fortunatov, F. I. Buslaev
D) L. S. Vygotsky, A. M. Leontiev
10. Language signs represent the following type of semiotic units
A) copies or images
B) signs or symptoms
C) signs-symbols
D) proper signs
11. He represented the complex essence of the language in a number of antinomies (dialectical contradictions)
A) W. von Humboldt
D) G. Steinthal
12. Representatives of the behavioral trend in psychology
C) have nothing to do with the development of psycholinguistics
13. The "General Rational Grammar" developed by the learned monks of "Por - Royale" was based on
B) philosophy
C) psychology
D) natural science
14. National bilingualism is typical for such a language situation when
A) citizens of the country use colloquial and literary language
B) citizens of the country know their native dialect and national language
C) people of different nationalities live in the country
D) the country has two official languages
15. The merit of neogrammarists is
A) their discovery of the language law
D) empiricism and inductivism
16. Among the founders of the sociological trend in linguistics were
B) A. Meie, L. Bloomfield, A. Bergson
C) F. de Saussure, W. von Humboldt, L. Hjelmslev
17. The thesis "Language, considered in itself and for itself, is the only and true object of linguistics" belongs to the famous linguist
A) S. Bally
C) F. de Saussure
D) J. Vandries
18. The theory of psychological communication was put forward by
A) A. Kh. Vostokov
B) A. A. Shakhmatov
C) A. A. Potebnya
D) F. I. Buslaev
19. Moscow Linguistic School is a representative
A) logical direction in linguistics
B) formal direction in linguistics
C) psychological direction in linguistics
D) sociological direction in linguistics
20. Linguodidactics is
II option
1. Diachronic universals are
A) grammatical universals presented in ancient languages
B) general trends in the development of various languages
C) the history of the formation and development of one of the syntactic categories
D) semantic universals that have lost their meaning
2. Understanding the phoneme as the minimum unit of psychophonetics is associated with the name
A) Baudouin de Courtenay
B) E. D. Polivanova
C) N. V. Krushevsky
D) V. A. Bogoroditsky
3. What is the essence of N. Chomsky's concept?
A) The transition of language from the subject form to the form of activity
B) Supra-individualization of speech activity
C) The notion of the universality of the innate rules of language operation
D) Speech activity as one of the types of human activity
4. A pidgin results from
B) the disappearance of a language to replace it
D) mass interethnic contacts
5. "New Doctrine of Language" developed
A) V. V. Vinogradov
B) I. And Meshchaninov
C) N. Y. Marr
D) L. V. Shcherba
A) modality, time, face
B) time, face
C) modality, face
D) modality, time
7. Linguodidactics is
A) a pedagogical discipline dealing with the development of a child's speech
B) a scientific discipline dealing with the description of the language system and its units for educational purposes
C) a linguistic discipline dealing with the development of language ability
D) discipline that develops problems higher education
8. The emergence of nationalities is associated with
A) the development of the productive forces of society
B) replacing former tribal ties with territorial ties
C) the emergence of private property and the collapse of primitive communal relations
D) the development of the productive forces of society, the emergence of private property, the collapse of primitive communal relations and the replacement of former tribal ties with territorial ties
9. The division of mankind into races is completely connected with the division of the population
A) territorial
B) ethnic
C) social
D) religious
10. Relations that connect language units of the same level in the system are called
A) linguistic
B) paradigmatic
C) stylistic
A) A Leontiev
B) J. Miller
C) L. V. Shcherba
D) L. S. Vygotsky
12. Non-limiting (non-discrete) language units include
C) quasi-morphemes
D) free phrases
13. Moscow Linguistic School presents
14. The elementary, minimal part of the value, its component is
D) archisema
15. The activities of the Prague Linguistic Circle are connected with
A) descriptive linguistics
B) glossematics
C) sociolinguistics
D) functional linguistics
16. The theory of psycholinguistic communication was put forward by
A) A. Kh. Vostokov
B) A. A. Potebnya
C) A. A. Shakhmatov
D) F. I. Buslaev
17. The languages used for international communication are
A) Afrikaans, Swahili
B) English, Russian
C) Lithuanian, Armenian
D) Chinese, Mongolian
18. He represented the complex essence of the language in a number of antinomies (dialectical contradictions)
A) W. von Humboldt
D) G. Steinthal
19. The cognitive function of language is the ability
A) express the internal state of the speaker
B) serve as a means of communication
C) influence the addressee of the speech
D) serve as a means of cognition of the surrounding world, express the activity of consciousness
20. The study of general problems related to the structure and functioning of any language in society is engaged in
A) linguistics
B) private linguistics
C) general linguistics
D) philology
III option
1. The merit of neogrammarists is
B) individualism and psychologism
C) atomism, emphasized historicism
D) empiricism and inductivism
2. The doctrine of language as a category of living organisms belongs
A) G. Steinthal
B) A. Schleicher
C) W. von Humboldt
D) G Curtius
3. The origin of any language must be considered with
A) the culture of a native speaker of a given language
B) the mentality of the people themselves
C) socio-economic development of the people
D) the history of the people themselves - the native speaker of this language
4. Most domestic researchers of synchrony and diachrony proceeded from the thesis
A) synchrony and dachrony are in sharp opposition to each other and therefore retain their specificity
B) synchrony and diachrony, constantly interacting, lose their specificity
C) synchrony and diachrony constantly interact, retaining their specificity
D) the opposition of synchronic and diachronic points of view is completely absolute and uncompromising
5. Among the founders of the sociological attack were
A) F. de Saussure, A. Meillet, J. Vandries, E. Benveniste
B) R. Rask, F. Bopp, W. von Humboldt
C) G. Steinthal, A. Schleicher
D) A. A. Shakhmatov, F. F. Fortunatov
6. The study of general problems related to the structure and functioning of any language in society, with the functions of the language, is engaged
A) linguistics
B) private linguistics
C) philology
D) general linguistics
7. Foreign psycholinguistics arose in
A) early 20th century
B) 70s of the XX century
C) 50s of XX century
D) late 19th century
8. Consciousness is
A) manifestation of language ability
B) the highest form of mental reflection of reality
C) one of the sides of the relationship between language and thinking
D) self-realization of a linguistic personality
9. What is the essence of thinking?
A) Thinking is the essence of the human brain
B) The quality of any natural language
C) The system of expressing the meaning of words
D) Property of artificial language
10. The elementary, minimal part of the value, its component is
D) archisema
11. Understanding the phoneme as the minimum unit of psychophonetics is associated with the name
A) N. V. Krushevsky
B) V. A. Bogoroditsky
C) E. D. Polivanova
D) Baudouin de Courtenay
12. A pidgin results from
A) conscious human activity
B) mass interethnic contacts
C) constant contact of two languages
D) the disappearance of a language to replace it
13. The division of mankind into races is connected with the division of the population
A) ethnic
B) territorial
C) religious
D) social
A) time, face
B) modality, face
C) modality, time, face
D) modality, time
15. Non-limiting (non-discrete) language units include
C) quasi-morphemes
D) free phrases
16. Moscow Linguistic School presents
A) logical direction in linguistics
B) formal direction in linguistics
C) psychological direction in linguistics
D) sociological direction in linguistics
17. The founder of American structuralism (descriptive linguistics) is
B) E. Sapir
C) L. Bloomfield
D) G. Gleason
18. Relations that connect language units of the same level in the system are called
A) linguistic
B) paradigmatic
C) stylistic
D) syntagmatic
19. Semantic classifiers (keys) indicated
A) what vowels make up the word
B) how many syllables are in the word
C) what semantic sphere, area of reality does this word refer to
D) what consonants are included in the word
20. W. von Humboldt interpreted language as
A) a set of cultural, figurative and verbal signs
B) sign system
IV option
1. Analogy is
A) grammatical changes in the language
B) establishing an associative relationship between language units
C) assimilation of some elements of the language to other elements of the same level, more common and productive, or convergence of such elements
D) changing the semantics of the word according to the metaphorical type
2. The founder of Copenhagen structuralism (glossematics) is
A) H. I. Uldall
B) K. Togeby
C) K. Werner
D) L. Elmslev
2. The doctrine of the morphological structure of the word was developed in the works of a representative of the Kazan Linguistic School
A) V. A. Bogoroditsky
B) N. V. Krushevsky
C) J. A. Baudouin de Courtenay
D) A. I. Alexandrova
4. The first centers of Arabic linguistics arose in Basra and Kufa in
A) VII - VIII centuries.
5. The theory of psychological communication was put forward by
A) A. A. Shakhmatov
B) A. Kh. Vostokov
C) A. A. Potebnya
D) F. I. Buslaev
6. The communicative function of language is the ability
A) serve as a means of cognition of the surrounding world, express the activity of consciousness
B) serve as a means of communication
C) express the internal state of the speaker
D) influence the addressee of the speech
7. The study of general problems related to the structure and functioning of any language in society is engaged in
A) linguistics
B) private linguistics
C) philology
D) general linguistics
8. Moscow Linguistic School presents
A) logical direction in linguistics
B) formal direction in linguistics
C) psychological direction in linguistics
D) sociological direction in linguistics
9. The relations that connect language units of the same level in the system are called
A) paradigmatic
B) linguistic
C) syntagmatic
D) stylistic
10. The thesis "Language, considered in itself and for itself, is the only and true object of linguistics" belongs to
A) S. Bally
C) J. Vandries
D) F. de Saussure
11. The elementary minimum part of a value, its component is
D) archisema
12. W. von Humboldt interpreted language as
A) sign system
B) a set of cultural, figurative, verbal signs
C) semiotic system of verbal and non-verbal signs
D) an exponent of the spirit and character of the people
13. Non-limiting (non-discrete) language units include
C) quasi-morphemes
D) free phrases
14. Representatives of the behavioral trend in psychology
A) are major critics of psycholinguistic theories
B) made a great contribution to the development of psycholinguistics
C) have nothing to do with psycholinguistics
D) deny the very possibility of the existence of psycholinguistics
15. Historical and cultural area is
A) same as language union
B) the union of several language unions
C) the unification of peoples and their languages on the basis of common cultural and historical traditions, the nature of writing, the cultural layer of vocabulary, etc.
D) association of peoples on the basis of ethnic kinship
16. The merit of neogrammarists is
A) their discovery of the sound law
B) individualism and psychologism
C) atomism and emphasized historicism
D) empiricism and inductivism
17. Among the founders of the sociological trend in linguistics were
A) A. Meie, L. Bloomfield, L. Hjelmslev
B) F. de Saussure, W. von Humboldt, A. Bergson
C) F. de Saussure, A. Meillet, J. Vandries, E. Benveniste
D) J. Vandries, A. A. Shakhmatov
18. The primary types of speech activity include
A) speaking and reading
B) reading, writing
C) writing and listening
D) speaking and listening
19. Linguistic signs represent the following type of semiotic units
A) copies or images
B) signs or symptoms
C) signs-symbols
D) proper signs
20. Pragmatics is
A) a special area that studies the appropriateness of using certain speech structures
B) a section of linguistics that studies the functioning of language signs in speech
C) a direction that studies the ways of applying the achievements of sociolinguistics in practice
D) a discipline that studies the rules of behavior of an individual in society
Correct answers are marked with "+"
1. The Tatar language belongs to
a) Indo-European
B) Turkic
c) Altaic languages.
2. Agglutinative languages are characterized by
a) polysemy of affixes,
b) the absence of suffixes,
C) the unambiguity of affixes.
3. Phraseologism reach the handle- this is
a) fusion
B) unity
c) combination.
4. Word zashkvar- this is
A) jargon
b) professionalism,
c) dialectism.
5. Japanese language uses
a) syllable
b) hieroglyphic,
C) syllabic and hieroglyphic writing.
6. Does not apply to the way of expressing grammatical meaning
A) reduction
b) suppletivism,
c) reduplication.
Test.7. Interfix is for
a) connections between the prefix and the root,
B) joining two roots,
c) suffix and ending compounds.
8. Meaning of the word plate ‘aircraft aliens’ formed by
A) metaphorical transfer,
b) metonymic transfer
c) or is direct.
9. Highlight row with languages only Indo-European family:
a) Greek, Armenian, Basque,
B) Greek, Latin, Sanskrit,
c) Latin, Aramaic, Gothic.
10. One of the theories of the origin of the language is called
A) the theory of labor cries,
b) the theory of joint activity,
c) the theory of ritual singing.
11. The unit of grammar is not
a) a morpheme
b) a phrase
C) phoneme.
12. The Marxist theory of the origin of language is associated with the name
a) Marx
B) Engels
c) Lenin.
13. Concept language family characteristic of
A) genetic
b) typological,
c) linguistic and geographical classification of languages.
14. The idea of language as a sign system was laid
a) Wilhelm Grimm
B) Ferdinand de Saussure,
c) Mikhail Lomonosov.
15. The hypothesis of linguistic relativity suggests dependence
a) language from geographical location,
B) thinking from language,
c) language from thinking.
16. The emergence of comparative historical linguistics was influenced by the study
A) Sanskrit
b) Chinese characters,
c) the languages of the peoples of Polynesia.
a) text
B) an offer
c) a phrase.
18. Deals with the problems of state languages
a) ethnolinguistics,
b) psycholinguistics,
C) sociolinguistics.
19 - Test. euphemism is
a) territorially limited vocabulary,
B) a neutral word that replaces a rude or inappropriate one,
c) the antonym of anachronism.
20. Dead languages include all languages in the series
a) Hebrew, Greek, Latin,
b) Sanskrit, Farsi, Hindi,
C) Latin, Gothic, Old Church Slavonic.
21. The main ways of expressing grammatical meaning for analytical languages:
A) word order in a sentence, function words,
b) word order in a sentence, affixation,
c) affixation, suppletivism.
22. English is one of the
a) synthetic
B) analytical,
c) polysynthetic languages.
23. In which row are the representatives of structuralism named?
A) Willem Mathesius, Roman Jacobson,
b) Edward Sapir, Benjamin Lee Whorf,
c) Nikolai Trubetskoy, Alexander Potebnya.
24. Does not apply to the ways in which homonyms appear
a) the collapse of polysemy,
b) a coincidence as a result of borrowing a word,
C) conscious replacement of borrowing with the original word.
25. Transliteration is the exact ratio
a) between the sounds of two languages,
a) between the sounds of one language and the letters of another,
B) between the signs of writing of two languages.
Test - 26. Diacritical marks in writing are
a) signs clarifying or changing the meaning of other signs, +
b) a synonym for punctuation marks,
c) only accent marks.
27. Not related to obsolete vocabulary
a) archaic
B) neologisms,
c) historicism.
28. Phraseologism - unit
A) vocabulary
b) morphology,
c) syntax.
29. Polysemy is
a) polyphony
b) complexity,
B) ambiguity.
30. Not a recognized language family
a) Turkish
B) Nostratic
c) Semitic-Hamitic.
Didactic unit: “Live and dead languages, artificial languages. Prospects for the linguistic development of mankind. Language contacts. Bilingualism"
| 1. international |
| 2. natural |
| 3. artificial |
1. General linguistics studies:
A) the laws of origin, development, structure and functioning of a particular language;
B) general laws of origin, development, structure and functioning of languages.
2. The internal organization of the language is studied by the sciences:
A) cognitive linguistics, contrastive linguistics, sociolinguistics;
B) phonetics, morphology, syntax, lexicology.
3. The processes of generation and perception of speech are studied by:
A) sociolinguistics;
B) syntax;
C) psycholinguistics.
4. Cognitive linguistics studies…
A) the processes of generation and perception of speech;
B) the interaction of language and culture;
C) the processes of structuring human knowledge in language.
5. The comparative study of languages is carried out by the sciences included in the section
A) intralinguistics;
B) comparative studies;
C) extralinguistics.
6. Linguistics is one of ...
A) humanities, social sciences;
B) natural sciences.
7. The basis for the development of the general theory of linguistics was ...
A) comparative linguistics;
B) comparative historical linguistics;
C) cognitive linguistics.
1. Language is essentially a phenomenon…
A) biological;
B) social;
B) mental.
2. Specify an incorrect statement:
A) the physical signs of a person are not related to language;
B) the existence and development of language is subject to the laws of nature;
C) language arises and develops only in a group of people.
3. The essence of the language is manifested in its properties:
A) express feelings and emotions, influence the psyche of people, establish contact with the interlocutor, create artistic texts;
B) to carry out the expression of thought, to name objects and phenomena of reality, to accumulate knowledge in verbal form, to be a means of knowing the world, a means of obtaining new knowledge.
4. The main function of the language:
A) regulatory
B) contact;
B) communicative.
5. The function of using language as a means of influencing the psyche
another person is called...
A) symbolic;
B) regulatory;
B) suggestive.
1. The position that language as a system exists in the mind of a person, and it functions in speech, was substantiated by ...
A) I.A. Baudouin de Courtenay;
B) F. de Saussure;
C) W. von Humboldt.
2. The system of signs that is stored in the human brain is called ...
B) text.
3. L.V. Shcherba proposed to distinguish between the following aspects of the language:
A) speech activity, language system, language material;
B) language system, speech activity, language ability.
4. Indicate the incorrect version of the characteristics of the features of the language in comparison with speech:
A) a means of communication, a social phenomenon, a relatively stable system of sign units, independent of the situation and the environment of communication;
B) the process of communication, a physical and physiological phenomenon, variant, contextually and situationally determined.
5. The set of psychological and physiological conditions that provide speaking and understanding is called ...
A) speech activity;
B) language ability;
C) linguistic competence.
6. In what main aspects does language activity manifest itself?
A) ... in the language system and speech;
B) ... in speaking and understanding;
C) ... in the language system, speech and text.
1. The language of animals ...
A) is inherited, has a limited set of meanings, unidirectional communication, closeness;
B) is not inherited, acquired as a result of training, transmits any information.
2. Artificial languages are created in order to ...
A) to adapt to the environment;
B) transmit limited information under certain conditions;
C) to give people a simple, easy to learn means of international communication.
3. In the artificial languages Volapuk, Interlingua, Esperanto...
A) grammar is constructed, and vocabulary is borrowed from natural languages, partially modified;
B) grammar and vocabulary are constructed according to their own rules.
4. Mark those languages / alphabets that perform a compensatory function:
A) dactylology;
B) gesture speech;
B) Morse code
D) Braille.
5. The system of conditional signals includes:
A) traffic lights chemical formulas, flares, the language of flowers;
B) gestures, facial expressions, physical contact, pauses.
1. Indicate the incorrect statement: Thinking is ...
A) the highest form of reflection of reality;
B) subjective reality;
C) objective reality.
2. According to the theory of verbal thinking...
A) language is the material support of thinking;
B) thinking is not connected with the motor speech code.
3. Specify an incorrect statement:
A) the CPC has a sensory nature;
B) Code of Criminal Procedure contains signs of verbal language.
4. Who first expressed the idea of the influence of language on thinking?
A) F. de Saussure;
B) W. von Humboldt;
C) E. Sapir.
5. According to the theory of linguistic relativity ...
A) each language has its own logic of thinking;
B) the development of the language is determined by society.
6. What term denotes the totality of the fixed in
units of the language of people's ideas about reality at a certain stage in the development of this people - a) a cognitive picture of the world;
B) linguistic picture of the world.
1. According to the linguistic theory of F. de Saussure, a linguistic sign is ...
A) bilateral mental essence;
B) one-sided entity.
2. Semiotics is a science…
A) about sign systems in nature and society;
B) the specifics of linguistic signs.
3. Indicate which of the signs of the sign is indicated incorrectly:
A) has an ideal character;
B) is not connected with the designated object by a causal relationship
C) denotes something outside of it.
4. According to the unilateral concept of the sign
A) the value is not integral part the sound shell of the word;
B) the value is included in the sign.
5. Between the plane of expression of the language system and the plane of content there is
A) full compliance;
B) asymmetric ratio.
6. Indicate the correct statement:
A) semiotics reveals one of the aspects of the language - sign;
B) a linguistic sign does not differ from many other signs.
1. Indicate the incorrect statement: The system is ...
A) a complex whole, consisting of interdependent and interdependent elements and performing a single function;
B) a set of connections and relationships between elements.
2. In the language system:
1) hierarchy relationships reflect ...
A) opposition of units;
B) the entry of simple units into more complex ones, the dependence of some units on others;
2) in the language system, paradigmatic relations are
A) the relationship of units located linearly in the statement;
B) relations in a group formed from units that have similarities and
differences;
3) attitudes of motivation reflect ...
A) the relationship between the expression plan and the content plan;
B) the connection of a new, derived unit of language with the original unit.
3. Why is language a heterogeneous system? Eliminate excess.
A) it is formed by homogeneous elements;
B) it is formed by heterogeneous elements;
C) it has irregular elements.
4. The pressure of the system is manifested in the fact that ...
A) there are unrealized opportunities in the system;
B) irregular elements tend to adapt to the typical ones.
5. What determines the dynamism of the language system? Eliminate excess.
A) opposition of language tradition and living language practice;
B) the contradiction between the system and the structure of the language in the course of its development;
C) the presence of variability of the elements of the language system.
6. What level is not the main level of the language?
A) phonological;
B) lexical;
C) phonomorphological;
D) syntactic.
7. What language model is characterized in the definition: a fuzzy limited set of systemically organized heterogeneous units united by a common feature or function:
A) level model of the language;
B) field model;
C) associative-verbal model.
1. Phonetics as a science studies ...
A) sounds from the point of view of their meaningful function;
B) acoustic and articulatory features of sounds, change
sounds in speech.
2. The elements of the phonological system of the language are
A) allophones;
B) phonemes;
B) sounds.
3. The definition of a phoneme as a sound type, in which sounds that are close to hearing and articulation are combined, belongs to ...
A) Moscow phonological school;
B) the Leningrad phonological school;
C) the London phonological school.
4. The phonological content of a phoneme is ...
A) the totality of its permanent features;
B) the totality of its distinctive (differential) features;
C) a set of variable features.
5. The main types of oppositions of phonemes were described by ...
A) I.A. Baudouin de Courtenay;
B) N.S. Trubetskoy;
C) L.V. Shcherba.
6. The structure of the phoneme system of any language is determined by ...
A) privative, one-dimensional, proportional oppositions;
B) privative, multidimensional, isolated oppositions.
7. The prosodic level of the language is formed by ...
A) stress and intonation;
B) stress, intonation and alternation of sounds;
C) stress and syllables.
8. Consonant languages are dominated by ...
A) vowel sounds
B) consonants.
9. Distribution is...
A) opposition of phonemes in pairs;
B) the set of all possible environments (combinations) in which
phoneme occurs.
10. According to the theory of syllabophonemes, a phoneme contains ...
A) the image of a syllable;
B) the image of sound.
1. Morphology as part of grammar studies ...
A) a system of words;
B) a system of grammatical categories, grammatical means.
2. What is the name of the hierarchical organization of words according to root and derivational morphemes?
A) word-formation subsystem;
B) inflectional subsystem.
3. Traditionally, parts of speech are distinguished on the basis of ...
A) syntactic and semantic criteria;
B) morphological, syntactic and semantic criteria;
C) morphological criterion.
A) large groups of words according to inflectional affixes;
B) a system of grammatical forms opposed to each other,
expressing a common grammatical meaning.
5. Indicate in which row only examples of lexicogrammatic categories of words are given:
A) verb aspect, noun case, qualitative and relative adjectives;
B) transitive and intransitive verbs, animate and inanimate nouns, qualitative and relative adjectives.
1. Indicate which macrocomponent of the word carries information about the most common and essential features of the word:
A) denotative;
B) connotative.
2. Indicate which macrocomponent carries information about the features of the functioning of the unit in speech:
A) connotative;
B) functional.
3. To denote the sound shell of a word, the term is used:
A) a seed
B) a token.
4. Which of the signs of the word do not have absolute power, that is, they do not work in all languages:
A) phonetic design;
B) grammatical formality;
C) the presence of a value;
D) impermeability;
D) reproducibility in speech.
5. The internal form of the word is ...
A) a value element that reflects the attribute that was put into
the basis for the name of the subject;
B) the totality of the features of the object reflected by the word.
1. The systemic organization of vocabulary is based on ...
A) the semantics of words;
B) the systemic nature of the world.
2. Systematic vocabulary is manifested:
A) in the possibility of combining words based on semantics into groups;
B) in the polysemy of words.
3. What association of words is characterized in the following definition: a large group of words of one part of speech, united by one word -
identifier, the meaning of which is fully included in the meaning of the rest of the words of the group:
A) thematic group;
B) association group;
C) lexical-semantic group.
4. Specify the correct definition of the lexico-semantic field:
A) a set of a large number of words of different parts of speech, phrases and phraseological units related to the same sphere of reality;
B) a set of words of different parts of speech associated in the mind of a person with a certain word - a stimulus;
C) a collection of a large number of words of one or different parts of speech,
united by a common concept.
5. The systemic organization of vocabulary as a whole has ...
A) a hierarchical structure;
B) field structure.
6. In the description of the main features of the lexical system of the language, exclude the superfluous:
A) multidimensionality;
B) variability;
B) rigidity;
D) openness.
1. The study of the plan of expression of the proposal is engaged in ...
A) constructive syntax;
B) communicative syntax.
2. The block diagram of the proposal is ...
A) a set of two word forms expressing a subject and a predicate
B) the totality of all members of the proposal.
3. Structural diagram is a sign…
A) propositions
B) predicativity;
B) modality.
5. Modality conveys…
A) the correlation of the utterance with the moment of speech;
B) the relationship of what is reported to reality in terms of possibility
Or impossibility of implementation.
6. In terms of the plan of content, the positional scheme of the sentence is a sign ...
A) predictability;
B) propositions
7. What is the name of the set of semantic components that describe the situation referred to in the sentence:
A) a proposition
B) positional diagram
8. What is the name of the part of the sentence that contains new information for the interlocutor?
A) a diagram
D) proposition.
9. Specify an incorrect statement:
A) the actual division of the sentence coincides with the structural
articulation;
B) the actual division of the sentence is a semantic division
suggestions for known and new information.
1. The diachronic description of the language involves the study of ...
A) language changes within the same state;
B) language changes in different periods of time.
2. What is meant by differentiation in diachronic language learning?
A) ... the process of interaction between dialects of one language or
B) ... socially determined stratification of the language;
C) ... the historically determined process of splitting the language into dia-
lectures or into separate related independent languages.
3. Sound laws...
A) fix the correspondence of sounds in different periods of development of one
one or more related languages;
B) reflect the alternation of sounds.
4. The most ancient parts of speech are ...
A) noun and adjective;
B) noun and verb;
C) verb and adverb.
5. The oldest type of sentence was…
A) two-part;
B) one-component;
C) one-part impersonal sentence.
6. In an ancient sentence, the connection between words was carried out ...
A) with the help of unions;
B) with the help of adjoining;
C) with the help of adjacency and assimilation.
7. In development complex sentence played a big role...
A) participles and participial phrases;
B) selection of a logical subject and a predicate.
1. Mark the external (extralinguistic) factors of language development:
A) contacts of languages;
B) the action of analogy;
C) language policy;
D) revolutions, wars;
D) population migration;
E) speech economy.
2. The law of economy of speech efforts is ...
A) in a person's desire to minimize mental and physical
efforts in speech activity;
B) in the desire of the language to include each new fact speech into a certain system of language forms.
3. What is the self-development of the language?
A) in the struggle of opposites;
B) in evolutionary development.
4. The most mobile subsystem of the language, reflecting changes in
the life of society is…
A) vocabulary;
B) grammar;
B) vocabulary.
5. Why does the language stop developing, “dies”? Eliminate excess.
a) in connection with changes in public life;
B) due to the fact that the community of people speaking it is disintegrating;
C) due to the fact that the language is losing social functions.
6. What is the reason for the progress in the development of the language? Eliminate excess.
A) ... with a change in its internal structure;
B) ... with the expansion of the social functions of the language;
C) ... with the development of opportunities to express new content.
1. What is the two-way connection between language and society?
A) language is a necessary condition for the existence of society;
B) the development of the language is determined by society;
C) language arises only in society, and the existence of society
provided by language-based communication.
2. The national language exists in several forms:
A) book and colloquial speech;
B) literary language, dialects, jargon, vernacular;
C) scientific, official business, journalistic, colloquial
3. Which of the signs is not typical for the literary language:
A) oral form of existence;
B) codification of norms;
C) stylistic differentiation.
4. Literary Russian language is ...
A) language fiction;
B) a strictly standardized form of the language;
C) book version of the Russian language.
5. Non-normative forms of language include ...
A) territorially limited form;
B) literary language;
C) social dialects;
D) vernacular.
6. The main scope of functioning of the territorially limited
A) the scientific field;
B) everyday communication;
B) publicity.
7. What determines the social differentiation of the language?
A) ... the presence of territorial dialects;
B) ... social differentiation of society;
C) ... language contacts.
8. What are the consequences of fundamental social changes (war, revolution) for the development of the language? Eliminate excess.
A) expanding the scope of the use of the literary language;
B) democratization of the language;
C) updating political vocabulary and phraseology;
D) displacement of dialect boundaries;
D) linguistic purism.
9. What is the name of the set of political, legal, administrative
negative and economic measures taken by the state to
purposeful language development?
A) language policy;
B) language situation.
Key to tests
Test No. 1: 1b, 2b, 3c, 4c, 5b, 6a, 7b. Test No. 2: 1b, 2b, 3b, 4c, 5c. Test #3:
1b, 2b, 3a, 4b, 5b, 6c. Test No. 4: 1a, 2c, 3a, 4a, b, d; 5a. Test No. 5: 1c, 2b, 3b,
4b, 5a, 6b. Test No. 6: 1a, 2a, 3a, 4a, 5b, 6a. Test No. 7: 1b; 2: 1)b; 2)b; 3) b; 3b,
4b, 5c, 6c, 7b. Test No. 8: 1b, 2b, 3b, 4b, 5b, 6a, 7a, 8b, 9b, 10a. Test number 9: 1b,
2a, 3b, 4b, 5b. Test No. 10: 1a, 2b, 3b, 4b, d; 5a. Test No. 11: 1a, 2a, 3c, 4c, 5b,
6c. Test No. 12: 1a, 2a, 3b, 4c, 5a, 6b, 7a, 8c, 9a. Test No. 13: 1b, 2c, 3a, 4b,
5c, 6c, 7a. Test No. 14: 1a, c, d, e; 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a, 6a. Test No. 15: 1c, 2b, 3a, 4b,
Main literature
1. Popova Z.D. General linguistics: textbook. allowance / Z.D. Popova,
I.A. Sternin. - M. : AST: East-West, 2007. - 408 p.
2. Introduction to linguistics: a course of lectures - Voronezh: Origins, 2004. - 154 p.
3. Workshop on the course "Introduction to linguistics": textbook. allowance / comp.
HE. Charykov. - Voronezh: Origins, 2008. - 58 p.
4. General linguistics: in 2 hours, Part 1: Common problems language: study.-method.
allowance / comp. ON THE. Kozelskaya. - Voronezh: Voronezh Publishing House. state university,
2004. - 36 p.
5. General linguistics: in 2 hours. Part 2: Language system: textbook.-method. allowance / comp.
ON THE. Kozelskaya. - Voronezh: Voronezh Publishing House. state un-ta, 2005. - 44 p.
additional literature
1. Gorelov I.N. Fundamentals of psycholinguistics: textbook. allowance / I.N. Gorelov,
K.F. Sedov. - M. : Labyrinth, 2002. - 256 p.
2. Mechkovskaya N.B. General linguistics: structural and social typology
Giya of languages: textbook. allowance / N.B. Mechkovskaya. - 2nd ed. - M .: Flint:
Nauka, 2001. - 312 p.
3. Sternin I.A. Language and thinking: textbook.-method. allowance / I.A. Sternin. -
Voronezh: Voronezh Publishing House. state un-ta, 2004. - 23 p.
Subject: General linguistics
Section 1. History of linguistics
Topic 1. Introduction
1. The function of the language that influences the addressee is
J cognitive
Jcommunicative
R appellative
J metalinguistic
2. Learns the language from different angles
R linguistics
Jliterary criticism
J story
J logics
J psychology
J philosophy
3. Considers language as a means of expressing the content of a work
J linguistics
Rliterary criticism
J story
J logics
J psychology
J philosophy
4. Sees in the language forms of expression of units of thought
J linguistics
Jliterary criticism
J story
R logics
J psychology
J philosophy
5. Questions of generation and perception of speech studies
J linguistics
Jliterary criticism
J story
J logics
R psychology
J philosophy
6. Creates a common language research methodology
J linguistics
Jliterary criticism
J story
J logics
J psychology
R philosophy
7. In terms of structure, linguistics is divided into
8. From the point of view of specific languages, linguistics is divided into
Jphonetics, morphemics, lexicology, etc.
RRussian studies, German studies, novelistics, etc.
Jdialectology, stylistics, terminology, etc.
Jpsycholinguistics, typological linguistics, comparative studies, etc.
9. From the point of view of functioning and social variation, linguistics is divided into
Jphonetics, morphemics, lexicology, etc.
JRussian studies, German studies, novelistics, etc.
Rdialectology, stylistics, terminology, etc.
Jpsycholinguistics, typological linguistics, comparative studies, etc.
10. From the point of view of the methodology and methodology for describing the language, linguistics is divided into
Jphonetics, morphemics, lexicology, etc.
JRussian studies, German studies, novelistics, etc.
Jdialectology, stylistics, terminology, etc.
Rpsycholinguistics, typological linguistics, comparative studies, etc.
Topic 2. Linguistic teachings in ancient world
11. The creation of reference books on various branches of science is characteristic primarily for
Rancient egypt
J ancient india
J ancient China
J ancient greece
12. Panini's grammar was created in
R ancient india
J ancient greece
J ancient rome
13. The concept of a null morpheme appeared in
R ancient india
J ancient China
J ancient greece
J ancient rome
14. The theory of parts of speech originated in
J ancient india
J ancient China
R ancient greece
J ancient rome
15. The dialogue "Cratyl" was created in
J ancient india
J ancient China
R ancient greece
J ancient rome
16. Rhetoric as a science originated in
J ancient india
J ancient China
R ancient greece
J ancient rome
17. Grammar teaching originated in
J ancient india
J ancient China
R ancient greece
J ancient rome
Topic 3. Linguistic ideas of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance
18. The dispute between nominalists and realists in the Middle Ages contributed to the development of problems
Rlinguistic meaning
Jphonetic laws
Jtheory of parts of speech
J syntax
19. Arabic linguistics of the Middle Ages used the results
RIndian linguistic tradition
JChinese linguistic tradition
JJapanese linguistic tradition
JJewish linguistic tradition
20. For the first time in the history of the culture of modern times, the question of folk and literary languages was raised
J in France
J in Germany
R in Italy
J in Russia
Topic 4. LinguisticsXVII – XVIII centuries
JJ.-J. Rousseau and I. Herder
RA. Arno and K. Lanslo
JA.Arno and P.Nicole
JI. Herder and A. Arno
R I.Yu.Scaliger
J I. Herder
J M.V. Lomonosov
J G.W. Leibniz
23. A supporter of the phonetic principle of Russian spelling was
J M.V. Lomonosov
RV.K.Trediakovsky
J M.Smotrytsky
J A.Kh.Vostokov
24. Came up with the idea of creating a universal means of communication based on means that act as a function of natural language,
R F. Bacon
J R. Descartes
J G.W. Leibniz
J M.V. Lomonosov
25. Proposed the idea of creating a philosophical language based on a small number of elementary units
J F. Bacon
R R. Descartes
J G.W. Leibniz
J M.V. Lomonosov
26. Tried to understand the essence of human thinking through the study of language
J F. Bacon
J R. Descartes
R G.W. Leibniz
J M.V. Lomonosov
27. The impetus for the development of symbolic logic was given by the ideas
J F. Bacon
J R. Descartes
R G. W. Leibniz
J M.V. Lomonosov
28. The problem of comparing all modern languages peace among themselves, as well as with their earlier forms, for the first time put forward
J F. Bacon
J R. Descartes
R G.W. Leibniz
J M.V. Lomonosov
29. The relationship between the Slavic languages, as well as between Russian, Latvian, Greek, Latin and German was first pointed out by
J F. Bacon
J R. Descartes
J G.W. Leibniz
R M.V. Lomonosov
30. For the first time about the relationship of Sanskrit with Greek and in Latin declared
J F. Bacon
J R. Descartes
J G.W. Leibniz
J M.V. Lomonosov
R W. Jones
Topic 5. LinguisticsXIX century
31. At the origins of comparative historical linguistics was not
J R.K.Rask
J A.Kh.Vostokov
J J.Grimm
R A. Schleicher
32. The idea that all European languages were based on four "mother languages" was proposed by
J F. Bacon
J R. Descartes
J G.W. Leibniz
J M.V. Lomonosov
R I. Scaliger
33. Divided all the languages of the world into Aramaic and Scythian groups
J F. Bacon
J R. Descartes
R G.W. Leibniz
J M.V. Lomonosov
34. Established that all Slavic languages \u200b\u200bcome from common Slavic,
J F. Bacon
J R. Descartes
J G.W. Leibniz
R M.V. Lomonosov
35. M.V. Lomonosov compared languages mainly on the material
Jnouns
J verbs
J pronouns
R numerals
J F. Bacon
J R. Descartes
J G.W. Leibniz
J W. Jones
R F. Schlegel
37. The term "Indo-Germanic languages" was introduced into scientific circulation
J F. Bacon
J R. Descartes
J G.W. Leibniz
J W. Jones
R F. Schlegel
R R.K.Rask
J F.Bopp
J J.Grimm
J A.Kh.Vostokov
J R.K.Rask
R F.Bopp
J J.Grimm
J A.Kh.Vostokov
J R.K.Rask
J F.Bopp
R J.Grimm
J A.Kh.Vostokov
J R.K.Rask
J F.Bopp
J J.Grimm
R A.Kh.Vostokov
42. The task of revealing the secret of the origin of inflection was set by
J R.K.Rask
R F.Bopp
J J.Grimm
J A.Kh.Vostokov
43. F. Bopp in his research focused on
J phonetics
J vocabulary
R morphology
J syntax
J R.K.Rask
R F.Bopp
J J.Grimm
J A.Kh.Vostokov
45. Three stages in the development of human language: creation, flourishing of inflection and striving for clarity singled out
J R.K.Rask
J F.Bopp
R J.Grimm
J A.Kh.Vostokov
46. The law of movement of consonants proposed
J R.K.Rask
J F.Bopp
R J.Grimm
J A.Kh.Vostokov
47. The founder of scientific etymology is considered
R A.F.Pott
J G. Curtius
J A. Kuhn
J A. Schleicher
48. The founder of linguistic paleontology and comparative mythology is
J A.F.Pott
J G. Curtius
R A. Kuhn
J A. Schleicher
Topic 6. Wilhelm von Humboldt - the founder of theoretical linguistics
49. The emergence of the concept of "internal form" is associated with the name
J F. Bopp
RW. von Humboldt
J F. de Saussure
J A. Schleicher
50. The desire of the human spirit to free itself from language is, according to W. von Humboldt, an antinomy
Rinseparable unity and inconsistency of language and thinking
J language and speech
Jspeech and understanding
Jcollective and individual in language
Topic 7. Naturalistic concept of language
51. The "family tree" theory was proposed
R A. Schleicher
J I. Schmidt
J A.F. Pottom
J G. Curtius
R A. Schleicher
J I. Schmidt
J A.F.Pott
J G. Curtius
Topic 8. Logical concept of language
53. In XIXcentury, the largest representative of the logical trend in Russian linguistics was
R F.I. Buslaev
J V.I.Dal
J N.A. Dobrolyubov
J I.I.Sreznevsky
Topic 9. Psychological concept of language
54. The representative of the psychological direction in linguistics was
R A.A. Potebnya
J F.I. Buslaev
J A.A. Shakhmatov
J A.M. Peshkovsky
55. The psychological direction in linguistics included
JMoscow Linguistic School
RKharkov Linguistic School
JKazan Linguistic School
JPrague Linguistic School
Topic 10. Aesthetic concept of language
56. Focused on the study of language from its expressive function
J A. Schleicher
R K. Vossler
J G.Shuhardt
J R. Meringer
Topic 11
57. At the center of the teaching lies the concept of the grammatical form of
Jrepresentatives of the Kazan Linguistic School
Jrepresentatives of the Prague School of Linguistics
Rrepresentatives of the Moscow Linguistic School
Jrepresentatives of the Copenhagen School of Linguistics
58. Phoneme theory was developed in
JPetersburg Linguistic School
JKharkov Linguistic School
59. The founder of the Moscow Linguistic School was
R F.F.Fortunatov
JJ.A. Baudouin de Courtenay
J L.V. Shcherba
J A.M. Peshkovsky
60. Representatives of the Leipzig linguistic school belonged to
Rneo-grammatical direction in linguistics
Jpsychological direction in linguistics
Jstructural linguistics
Jlogical direction in linguistics
Topic 12. Linguistics of the endXIX- early 20th century
61. Phoneme theory was developed in
JMoscow Linguistic School
RKazan Linguistic School
JLeipzig Linguistic School
JLondon School of Linguistics
Topic 13. Linguistics of the twentieth century. Structuralism of Ferdinand de Saussure
62. The terms "figure, determination, constellation" are used in
Jfunctional linguistics
Jdescriptive linguistics
R glossematics
Jgenerative grammar
63. The founder of the Prague School of Linguistics is
J A.Martine
J A. Meie
R W.Mathesius
J N.S. Trubetskoy
64. Does not apply to structuralist
RMoscow School of Linguistics
JCopenhagen School of Linguistics
JPrague School of Linguistics
JAmerican linguistics
65. Franz Boas, Eduard Sapir, Leonard Bloomfield were the founders
Rdescriptive linguistics
Jpsycholinguistics
Jfunctional linguistics
Jsociolinguistics
66. Generative semantics is actively developed mainly
R in the USA
J in Russia
J in France
J in Germany
67. The main goal of revealing the internal relationships and dependencies of the components of the language was
Rstructural direction of linguistics
Jpsychological direction of linguistics
Jlogical direction of linguistics
Jareal direction of linguistics
68. The basic principles of functional linguistics were formulated
J R.O. Jacobson
J N.S. Trubetskoy
J S.O. Kartsevsky
R V.Mathesius
Topic 14. Domestic linguistics in the 20-90s of the twentieth century
69. The founder of the Japhetic theory was
R N.Ya.Marr
J E.D. Polivanov
J I.I. Meshchaninov
J V.V. Vinogradov
Section 2. Theory of language
Topic 15. The nature and essence of language
70. The main function of the language is
Rcommunicative
J metalinguistic
J cognitive
J emotional
71. Influencing a person with the help of language is
R communicative function language
Jmetalinguistic function of language
Jcognitive function of language
Jemotional function of language
72. The hypothesis that language arose at a certain stage in the development of society in connection with the need for a communication process is called
J logoic
Jonomatopoeic
J interjet
R social
Topic 16. Significance of the language
73. The property of a linguistic sign is not
Junmotivated sound side in relation to real things
Jthe ability to enter into linear relationships with other signs
Jvariability in time when the conditions of its use change
Rdirect display of real things
74. According to the method of sign formation, signs are divided into
75. According to the completion / incompleteness of the process of generation, signs are divided into
Jsigns of primary meaning and signs of secondary meaning
Rsigns are complete and signs are incomplete
Jpotential signs and actual signs
Jcharacterizing signs, identifying signs, quantitative signs, deictic signs, connective signs and substitutive signs
76. According to correlation / non-correlation with the act of speech, signs are divided into
Jsigns of primary meaning and signs of secondary meaning
Jsigns are complete and signs are incomplete
Rpotential signs and actual signs
Jcharacterizing signs, identifying signs, quantitative signs, deictic signs, connective signs and substitutive signs
77. According to the totality of the main features, the signs are divided into
Jsigns of primary meaning and signs of secondary meaning
Jsigns are complete and signs are incomplete
Jpotential signs and actual signs
Rcharacterizing signs, identifying signs, quantitative signs, deictic signs, connective signs and substitutive signs
78. Proper names as linguistic signs are
Jcharacterizing
Ridentifying
Jquantitative
J deictic
J ligamentous
Jsubstitute
79. Numerals as linguistic signs are
Jcharacterizing
Jidentifying
Rquantitative
J deictic
J ligamentous
Jsubstitute
80. Personal pronouns as linguistic signs are
Jcharacterizing
Jidentifying
Jquantitative
R deictic
J ligamentous
Jsubstitute
81. Prepositions as linguistic signs are
Jcharacterizing
Jidentifying
Jquantitative
J deictic
R ligamentous
Jsubstitute
82. Unions as linguistic signs are
Jcharacterizing
Jidentifying
Jquantitative
J deictic
R ligamentous
Jsubstitute
83. Are part of the subject or phenomenon that people perceive and study
R signs-signs
J signal signs
J signs-symbols
Jsubstitute signs
84. Unmotivated sound, visual or other conventional signs conveying information are
J signs-signs
R signal signs
J signs-symbols
Jsubstitute signs
85. Visually motivated conventional signs conveying information are
J signs-signs
J signal signs
R signs-symbols
Jsubstitute signs
86. Secondary signs that replace not objects, but primary signs, are called
J signs-signs
J signal signs
J signs-symbols
Rsubstitute signs
Topic 17. Language as a system
87. Paradigmatic relations between language units are
88. Syntagmatic relations between language units are
Rthe ability of elements to combine with each other
Jrelations of structurally simpler language units with more complex unit
Jrelations of choice, associations, they are based on the similarity and difference between the signifiers and the signified units of the language
Jthe ability of linguistic elements to replace each other
89. The language system consists of more particular systems, which are called
R levels
J structures
J segments
J components
90. The particular systems that make up a language are called
J structures
R levels
J segments
J components
91. Does not apply to the main levels of the language
J phonetic
J morphemic
J lexical
Rmorphonological
J syntactic
Topic 18. Language and speech
92. The concept of language and speech delineated
R F. de Saussure
J L.V. Shcherba
J F.F.Fortunatov
JJ.A. Baudouin de Courtenay
Topic 19. Language and society
93. The relationship between language and society is studied in
Rsociolinguistics
Jpsycholinguistics
Jareal linguistics
Jcontrastive linguistics
94. Social change is directly reflected in
R vocabulary
J phonetics
J morphology
J syntax
95. The scope of language policy does not include
Jcreation of the alphabet
Jlanguage codification
Jspelling reform
Jpunctuation reform
Rterritorial stratification of language
Topic 20. Language and thinking
96. The relationship between language and thinking is studied in
Jsociolinguistics
Rpsycholinguistics
Jneurolinguistics
J psychosemantics
Topic 21. Phonetics
97. A sign of a phoneme is not
Jphoneme as an abstract unit of language is opposed to sound as a specific unit
Ja phoneme is a unit of the sound structure of a language that serves to identify and distinguish between meaningful units
Jallophones of one phoneme form the area of its realization
Rphoneme is a specific unit of speech flow
Topic 22. Lexicology
98. The main nominative unit of the language is
J phoneme
J morpheme
R word
J phrase
Topic 23. Word formation and grammar
99. Has a general categorical value of pronominality
R pronoun
J adverb
J modal word
Topic 24. Social and functional structure of languages
100. The highest form of the national language is
Jthe language of fiction
Rliterary language
J vernacular
J dialect
Topic 25. Classification of languages and methods of their research
101. Sanskrit is included in
RIndian group of the Indo-European family of languages
JIranian group of the Indo-European family of languages
JGreek group of the Indo-European family of languages
JGermanic group of the Indo-European family of languages
102. Sociological classification of languages is
J
J
J
R
103. Genealogical classification of languages is
Rthe study and grouping of the languages of the world based on the determination of family ties between them
Jestablishing the similarities and differences of languages on the grounds that reflect the most significant features of the linguistic structure
Jestablishing the type of languages by its structure
Jdetermining the type of languages according to the function they perform in society
104. Morphological classification of languages
Jdetermines the type of languages based on the function they perform in society
Jgroups the languages of the world based on the definition of family ties between them
Restablishes the similarities and differences of languages on the grounds that reflect the most significant features of the linguistic structure
Jsets the type of language depending on the degree of kinship
105. The Nostratic macrofamily does not unite
JKartvelian and Uralic languages
JDravidian and Altaic languages
JAfroasian and Indo-European languages
RIndo-European and Sino-Tibetan languages
106. Amorphous languages are languages
J
J
R
J
107. Inflectional languages are languages
Rwhich are characterized by inflection through inflection, which can be a means of expressing several grammatical meanings
Jin which grammatical meanings are expressed not by the forms of the words themselves, but by functional words with significant words, the order of significant words, intonation of the sentence
Jwhich do not have affixes and in which grammatical meanings are expressed either by adjoining one word to another, or by means of function words
Jin which affixes are single-function
108. Analytic languages are languages
Jwhich are characterized by inflection through inflection, which can be a means of expressing several grammatical meanings
Jwhich do not have affixes and in which grammatical meanings are expressed either by adjoining one word to another, or by means of function words
Rin which grammatical meanings are expressed not by the forms of the words themselves, but by functional words with significant words, the order of significant words, intonation of the sentence
Jwhich are characterized by inflection through the forms of the word itself
109. Polysynthetic languages are the same as
Janalytical languages
Jinflectional languages
Rincorporating languages
Jamorphous languages
110. Incorporating languages are the same as
Rpolysynthetic languages
Janalytical languages
Jinflectional languages
Jagglutinative languages
111. Slavic languages included in Indo-European family, do not form a subgroup
Rnorthern
Jsouthern
Jwestern
Jeastern
112. French refers to
JGermanic branch of the Indo-European family
RRomance branch of the Indo-European family
JSlavic branch of the Indo-European family
JIranian branch of the Indo-European family
Topic 26. Letter
113. Transmits the sound image of the word
Rphonographic writing
Jideographic script
Jpictographic letter
Jcuneiform writing
Section 3. Methodology
Topic 27. Methods of language research
114. The technique of internal reconstruction is part of
Jtypological method
Jdescriptive method
Rcomparative historical method
Jareal method
115. Studying the geographical distribution of certain linguistic phenomena
Rareal linguistics
Jcomparative studies
Jtypological linguistics
Jcomparative linguistics
