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Russian names and names on the world map!

Elena Glinskaya became the first female ruler in the history of Muscovy and, admittedly, far from the worst

On the night of December 3-4, 1533, he died Grand Duke Moscow Vasily Ioannovich, recorded in the historical register as Vasily III (although, of course, he himself did not use any numbers, and he would not have tolerated it). The second wife of the Grand Duke, Elena Glinskaya, became the regent under his three-year-old son-heir Ivan - the future Tsar Ivan the Terrible. Although it is known that Vasily, being on his deathbed, categorically did not want to say goodbye to his wife.

Grand Duchess Elena Glinskaya: reconstruction by forensic expert S. Nikitin of her appearance from the skull

The circumstances of the death of a still young and quite physically strong sovereign today could be considered suspicious. Having gone hunting, he suddenly fell ill, as at first it seemed, not too seriously: according to sources, some kind of pimple seemed to jump up on his left thigh, which developed into an abscess. The thing, in general, is common for those who spend a lot of time in the saddle - horse sweat and all that. Of course, there were no antibiotics used today, but even then medicine, especially court medicine, made it possible to solve this problem, so to speak, with little bloodshed. However, it didn't work out.

The official version of what happened is extremely vague, it is only known that Vasily III, poisoning the air with a heavy stench, died in terrible agony from a purulent disease, the nature of which was never unraveled by the foreign healers who used it, and they knew a lot about such ailments! Perhaps everything is banal, but one should not discount the fact that by that time the Byzantine tradition of “baiting” the ruling persons had successfully taken root in Moscow soil. The imminent departure of the sovereign to another world, precisely in the specific circumstances of that time, was very suitable for a number of powerful boyar clans who received a completely unintelligent heir to the throne, on whose behalf they could comfortably rule the state for at least a dozen years. And what's next, no one guessed, after all, the heirs are also mortal.

And it's no secret that the boyar clans did not consider the young Ivan not only a legitimate heir, but even a legitimate one. Not only because, according to the church canons of that time, Vasily's second marriage was considered illegal, but also because the boyar nobility did not recognize Glinskaya's son as a child conceived by the sovereign. And not without reason! So the role of Grand Duchess Elena Glinskaya herself as regent was then seen simply: a screen. She was assigned the honorary role of chairing the Boyar Duma and listening to the reports of the boyars, but all real power was in the hands of the board of trustees.

Already at death, Vasily Ioannovich entrusted direct custody of Elena and two sons (the youngest, Yuri, born in 1632) to his closest and devoted assistants - the boyars Mikhail Yuryevich Zakharyin and Mikhail Lvovich Glinsky - his wife's uncle, and the butler Ivan Yuryevich Shigona-Podzhogin . To help this ruling triumvirate, Vasily gave several more well-born boyars, members of the Boyar Duma, including two brothers of the princes Shuisky. All of them swore an oath to serve the princess and the heir faithfully. As the chronicle informed, the young widow, being "in the great turmoil of the Grand Duke Vasily", withdrew from power, declaring to the boyar entourage: "As it will be more pleasant, and you do so." It didn’t work out better, the interests of the boyars differed too much, so that in its composition the board of trustees could not exist for any long time. Yes, and what kind of distant prospects are there, if the future guardians of the young Ivan committed an ugly brawl even at the deathbed of the Grand Duke, naturally almost fighting.

But what the young widow threw out already in the same December 1633, no one expected: Elena Glinskaya, relying on her favorite-lover Prince Ivan Fedorovich Ovchina (Telepnev-Obolensky), actually carried out a coup d'état, liquidating the board of trustees and subjugating Boyar Duma! By order of Elena, he was captured, imprisoned, where he was killed, the specific prince Dmitrovsky Yuri Ivanovich, the second son of the Grand Duke of Moscow Ivan III and the brother of the deceased Basil III. By order of Elena, her own uncle, Prince Mikhail Glinsky, was arrested and thrown into the dungeon. Other members of the Board of Trustees were imprisoned - Princes Ivan Fedorovich Belsky and Ivan Mikhailovich Vorotynsky. Voivode Ivan Vasilyevich Lyatskoy, together with the boyar Prince Semyon Fedorovich Belsky, fled to Lithuania in the summer of 1534. So Elena Glinskaya actually became the first female ruler in the history of Muscovy, the first empress and, admittedly, far from the worst. Rules, of course, along with his lover, Prince Ivan Ovchina (Telepnev-Obolensky). However, other historians are inclined to believe that the power of Ovchina, as well as Glinskaya, actually served as a screen for that boyar clique that did not actually manage affairs in the state at a loss to itself.

Nevertheless, let's pay tribute to Elena herself: it was her diligence that carried out the outstanding monetary reform of 1535 - the first in Muscovy to unify the monetary system. The Novgorod kopeck was taken as the basis, a hundred of which now amounted to the ruble. A single currency finally appeared in the state, which, of course, contributed to the centralization of the country. In addition, there were other achievements, especially foreign policy ones. So, the diplomats of Glinskaya managed to get the Starodub peace that was beneficial for the Moscow state from the Polish king and the Grand Duke of Lithuania Sigismund. And with Sweden they managed to conclude an agreement on free trade and benevolent neutrality, agreeing that she would not help the Livonian Order and Lithuania.

But by the end of the fourth year of the regency of the Grand Duchess, the competing boyar clans managed to find mutual language, and the regent became redundant. Therefore, on April 3, 1538, she died suddenly, although she had not been sick before. Elena Glinskaya died in terrible convulsions and torment, so no one even doubted that the boyars had poisoned her. They buried the empress on the same day, in fact, not allowing the relatives to say goodbye to the deceased. Moreover, they were in such a hurry that the metropolitan did not even perform a funeral service for her! Were the signs of poisoning so obvious that the traces of the atrocity had to be covered up as soon as possible? And a week later, the turn of her lover also came: they took Prince Ovchin "and put him in a chamber behind the palace near the stables and killed him with smoothness and iron burden."

Ilcheva Maria, Bezhentseva Alina

The geographical map included thousand years of history people, discoverers, thoughts, and heroes. On the map of Russia we read the names of Russian scientists and travelers. The work is devoted to the biography of Russian travelers. The authors consider geographic features on the map of Russia, named after them.

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"Names of Russian travelers on the map of Russia" Municipal educational institution average comprehensive school No. 6 of the Central District of Volgograd 2013

The Laptev Sea The Laptev Sea is the sea of ​​the Arctic Ocean. Most of the year it is covered with ice. The sea is named after the brothers Dmitry and Khariton Laptev, Russian polar explorers.

Dmitry Laptev Dmitry Yakovlevich Laptev is a Russian explorer of the Arctic, Vice Admiral. Since 1736, he led one of the northern detachments of the Second Kamchatka Expedition. As a result of the voyages and land campaigns of 1739-1742, inventories of the northern sea coast were carried out.

Khariton Prokofyevich Laptev - Russian naval sailor, commander of the detachment of the Kamchatka (Great Northern) expedition, who described in 1739-1742 the previously unknown coast of the Taimyr Peninsula. The northwestern coast of Taimyr, which was photographed directly by Khariton Laptev, is called the Khariton Laptev Coast. Khariton Prokofievich Laptev

Bering Sea A sea in the north Pacific Ocean covered with ice in winter. The air temperature is up to +7, +10 °C in summer and -1, -23 °C in winter. Named in honor of Vitus Bering, navigator, Russian Navy officer, Dane by origin.

Vitus Bereng Vitus Jonassen Bering is a navigator of Danish origin, captain-commander of the Russian fleet, leader of the First and Second Kamchatka expeditions that laid the foundation for scientific research coasts of Russia. Vitus Bering was born in 1681 in the Danish city of Horsens, graduated cadet corps in Amsterdam in 1703, in the same year he entered the Russian service.

The northernmost point of Russia and the Eurasian continent, Cape Chelyuskin (77°43" N and 104°18" E), is named after the polar explorer Semyon Chelyuskin

Semyon Chelyuskin Semyon Ivanovich Chelyuskin - Russian polar explorer, captain of the 3rd rank (1760). Member of the 2nd Kamchatka expedition. In 1741-42 he described part of the coast of the Taimyr Peninsula, reaching the northern tip of Eurasia. Chelyuskin was born in the Kaluga province in the Przemysl district in the village. Borishchevo.

Cape Dezhnev (formerly Cape Kamenny Nos) is the easternmost point, the easternmost continental point of Russia and all of Eurasia.

Semen Ivanovich Dezhnev Semen Ivanovich Dezhnev is an outstanding Russian navigator, explorer, traveler, explorer of Northern and Eastern Siberia, Cossack ataman, as well as a fur trader, the first of the famous European sailors, in 1648, 80 years earlier than Vitus Bering, passed the Bering Strait, which separates Alaska from Chukotka.

Russian geographical science has always occupied and now even more so occupies a leading place in world geography. This was determined by the grandiose size of the territory of our homeland, its remarkable diversity and the enormous extent of borders with neighboring countries, seas and oceans. Russian geography enjoys priority in world geography. The consciousness of the national importance of geographical research and discoveries has always aroused an active interest in geographical discoveries and research among enterprising Russian people since ancient times.

A remarkable Russian traveler, the Tver merchant Afanasy Nikitin, having left Russia in 1466, traveled to southwestern Asia and visited Iran and India. In the book he wrote, "Journey Beyond Three Seas", Nikitin gave a detailed geographical description India. Only thirty years after Nikitin's voyage did the Portuguese navigator Vasco da Gama travel for the first time from Europe to India by sea around Africa. In the discovery and exploration of the spaces of northern, central and eastern Asia, especially great importance had Russian studies.

In the XVI century. Russian Cossacks, having crossed the Ural Mountains, discovered Siberia, about which until now the Europeans knew absolutely nothing. Having first passed through western Siberia, the Cossacks gradually moved further and further east and reached the shores of the Pacific Ocean.

In 1638, Ivan Moskvitin with a detachment of thirty people discovered the Sea of ​​Okhotsk. A few years later, Vasily Poyarkov, at the head of a detachment of 132 people, was the first to enter the Amur basin and sail along this river and the Sea of ​​Okhotsk. This marked the beginning of the establishment of Russian domination in the Amur region.

In 1648, the Cossack Semyon Dezhnev and Fedot Alekseev, at the head of a small detachment on several small ships, left the mouth of the Kalyma River in the Arctic Ocean and, rounding the Chukotka Peninsula, passed into the Pacific Ocean. They discovered the easternmost cape of Asia, which they called the Big Stone Nose and which later received the name of Cape Dezhnev. Five to ten years after Dezhnev's voyage, Vasily Atlasov, at the head of a detachment of 120 people, visited the Kamchatka Peninsula for the first time and annexed it to Russia.

In 1675, a large embassy headed by Nikolai Spafarii was sent from Moscow to China. Having traveled through all of Siberia and through Manchuria to Beijing, the capital of China, Spafari presented, upon his return to Moscow, a detailed description of the new Russian possessions from the Urals to the Amur and a geographical description of China. This description of Spafarius was a very valuable work in the world literature of that time and was used by foreign scientists.

At the beginning of the 18th century, Peter I was very interested in Russia's access to the Pacific Ocean and the possibility of sailing from the Arctic Ocean to the Pacific. At his direction, an expedition was set up to Far East led by Captain Vitus Bereng and Alexei Chirikov. Bering's task was to go north on ships from the Shores of Kamchatka to look for where Asia "came together with America."

Bering and Chirikov passed on ships from the Pacific Ocean to the Arctic Ocean and returned back, confirming the correctness of the assumption about the existence of a strait between them.

Bering also has another great merit: on his initiative and under his leadership, the Great Northern Expedition (1733-1743) was equipped, as a result of which all the northern and northeastern shores of Asia with all the seas and islands adjacent to them were explored for the first time, and also the coasts of northwestern America and the Aleutian Islands. Many died from cold and illness, including the head of the expedition, Commander Bering, and their names are imprinted in geographical names: the extreme northern cape of the Asian mainland is named after the navigator Chelyuskin, the sea between Severnaya Zemlya and the New Siberian Islands is named after Khariton and Dmitry Laptev; the islands near Kamchatka, where Commander Bering died, are called Commander Islands. One of the members of the Bering expedition, Stepan Krasheninnikov, made a number of trips around Kamchatka, explored this country in detail and wrote the book Description of the Land of Kamchatka, which glorified his name. This book was the first Russian scientific work about the Siberian (islands) regions. In 1732, modest, little-known Russian navigators, the navigator Fedorov and the surveyor Gvozdev, mapped the northwestern coast of America and discovered Alaska. After that, at the end of the 18th century, many Russians visited and followed the northwestern part of America. Of these, Shelikhov and Baranov should be noted. Shelikhov founded the Russian settlements in America, did a lot for the exploration of Alaska and the development of it by the Russians.

Alaska became a Russian possession and was often called Russian America.

After the death of Shelikhov, his activities continued at the end of the 18th century. early nineteenth century Baranov, former chief ruler of the enterprises of the Russian-American Trading Company. Baranov, continuing his exploration of the western coast of America, founded in the southwest of the current United States, near the present port city of San Francisco, a Russian settlement called Ross. This graying, located in an area with fertile soil and a climate favorable for agriculture, was supposed to supply the population of Russian America with food - bread, vegetables, milk and meat.

In the nineteenth century Russian settlements in America were often visited by Russian navigators around the world - Lisyansky, Golovnin, Lazarev, Litke, Stanyukovich and others.

Navigators Korsakovsky, Khromchenko, Kashevarov and others continued to explore the shores of America. Zagoskin reached the interior of Alaska and explored them. In 1852, the ruler of the Russian-American Company published an Atlas of the North-Western Coasts of America and the Amut Islands.

Russian navigators discovered many islands in the Pacific Ocean. Of the Australian islands, New Guinea was the most difficult to explore. To study it, the remarkable Russian traveler Miklukha-Maclay, who lived among the Papuans for a long time, did a lot. In 1819-1821. Russian naval officers Thaddeus Bellingshausen and Mikhail Lazarev, on two ships they commanded, went to Antarctica to explore it on behalf of the Naval Ministry. In two and a half years of voyage, Bellingshausen and Lazarev went around Antarctica, were the first explorers to approach its shores three times, and discovered a number of Antarctic islands, capes and bays. They described them in detail and mapped them, paving the way for further research. So, near Antarctica itself, between 85 degrees and 75 degrees west longitude, the Russian expedition discovered the island of Peter the Great and the land of Alexander the First. To the north, Russian explorers visited and mapped a number of islands, of which they gave names to one in honor of the victories of the Russian army in Patriotic war(1812-1813) (the islands of Borodino, small Yaroslavets, Smolensk, Berezina, Polotsk), and others in honor of Russian navigators (the islands of Admiral Mordvinov, Vice Admiral Shishkov, Mikhailov). Several islands discovered by the Bellingshausen expedition between 60 degrees and 65 degrees south latitude were named after the participants of this expedition (the islands of Demidov, Annenkov, Leskov, Zavadovsky). One of the Antarctic seas of the Pacific Ocean was named the Bellingshausen Sea.

Antarctica is rich in coal, gold, silver, lead, iron, and the waters surrounding it are rich in whales, seals, and dolphins. There are many penguins on the mainland and islands. Over Antarctica there are the shortest air routes between the southern parts of Africa, Australia and South America. That is why, all this draws the attention of the capitalist countries to the Antarctic. The USSR has the right to priority, to participate in the administration of Antarctica.

Of the later explorers of the northeast of Asia (in the first half of the 19th century), P.A. Kropotkin, who studied and described the Lena River basin, and I.D. Chersky, who explored the basin of the Kolyma River.

A great merit in the study of Central Asia belongs to the prominent Russian geographer P.P. Semenov-Tyan-Shansky, who first explored the Chu valley, the region of the Issyk-Kul mountain lake and the Tien Shan mountains covered with eternal snow and glaciers. The works of Semenov were the basis for further scientific research Central Asia. In commemoration of Semenov's merits, "Tian-Shansky" was added to his surname.

The Russian scientists N.A. Severtsov and A.P. Fedchenko (who discovered the peak, which is now called Lenin's sand), I.V. Mushketov and others.

N.M. played a very important role in the study of the Chinese and Mongolian regions of Central Asia. Przhevalsky. Since 1870, he spent more than 9 years traveling in these areas for 20 years. He traveled and studied the highest Tibetan Plateau, the powerful Kuen-Lun mountain system, the Tarim River basin, the upper reaches of the Huang He and Yangtze Rivers, and the vast Gobi Desert. He discovered more than a dozen mountain ranges, a number of lakes and rivers. In those places that Przhevalsky studied and described, the foot of a European had never set foot before him.

During one of his travels, he fell seriously ill and died in the Tien Shan mountains.

Przhivalsky's research was continued by his student and travel companion Kozlov, who explored the Gobi Desert and found the remains of ancient city Khara-Khato, covered with sand.

However, the knowledge of Russia was completely insufficient for solving those grandiose national economic tasks that were set by the Great October Revolution.

10th grade student Slavenko

Dmitry Laptev Dmitry Yakovlevich Laptev is a Russian explorer of the Arctic, Vice Admiral. Since 1736, he led one of the northern detachments of the Second Kamchatka Expedition. As a result of voyages and overland campaigns of the year, inventories of the northern sea coast were carried out.

Khariton Prokofievich Laptev is a Russian naval sailor, commander of the detachment of the Kamchatka (Great Northern) expedition, who described the previously unknown coast of the Taimyr Peninsula in years. The northwestern coast of Taimyr, which was photographed directly by Khariton Laptev, is called the Khariton Laptev Coast. Khariton Prokofievich Laptev

Vitus Bereng Vitus Jonassen Bering is a navigator of Danish origin, captain-commander of the Russian fleet, leader of the First and Second Kamchatka expeditions, which laid the foundation for scientific research of the coasts of Russia. Vitus Bering was born in 1681 in the Danish city of Horsens, graduated from the cadet corps in Amsterdam in 1703, and entered the Russian service the same year.

The northernmost point of Russia and the Eurasian continent, Cape Chelyuskin (77°43" N and 104°18" E), is named after the polar explorer Semyon Chelyuskin

Semyon Chelyuskin Semyon Ivanovich Chelyuskin - Russian polar explorer, captain of the 3rd rank (1760). Member of the 2nd Kamchatka expedition. B described part of the coast of the Taimyr Peninsula, while reaching the northern tip of Eurasia. Chelyuskin was born in the Kaluga province in the Przemysl district in the village. Borishchevo.

Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnev Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnev - an outstanding Russian navigator, explorer, traveler, explorer of Northern and Eastern Siberia, Cossack ataman, and also a fur trader, the first of the famous European navigators, in 1648, 80 years earlier than Vitus Bering, passed Beringov the strait separating Alaska from Chukotka.

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The work was performed by students of grade 7 "B" of the MBOU secondary school No. 2, Dobrinka village Laptev Ilya Soshkin Aleksey Supervisor Fateeva E.M.

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Hypothesis: Russian travelers and researchers own many discoveries on the planet. Since there was a tradition of naming objects in honor of their discoverer or expedition leader, we believe that geographical map there should be many objects bearing the names of our compatriots. Purpose: To determine, as a result of the analysis of the world map, objects bearing the names of Russian travelers and researchers, to find out the reason for their name, to give them a brief description.

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Requirements for geographical names: The object for which the name is proposed must be unnamed. The name must be organically included in regional system geographical names. The name should clearly characterize the object and be simple, short, clear and easy to use. Names-dedications must be accompanied by a convincing justification for their legitimacy. The spelling of Russian names must strictly comply with the rules of Russian spelling, and foreign names - the rules for their translation into Russian.

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Classification of geographical names according to V.P. Semyonov - Tyan - Shansky (1924) from personal names, nicknames, surnames; from church holidays; from historical names; from a pagan cult; from ancient tribes; assigned in honor of various events and persons; from the objects that make up the typical geographical landscape of the area.

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Russian names on the world map Wrangel Island Cape Dezhnev Lisyansky Island Miklukho-Maclay Coast Bellingshausen Sea Przhevalsky Ridge Laptev Sea Pronchishchev Coast Krusenstern Strait Chersky Ridge Bering Sea Shelikhov Bay Golovin Strait Fedchenko Glacier in the Pamirs Potanin Glacier in Altai Ratmanov Island Sannikov Strait Lomonosov Ridge Cape Chelyuskin Atlasov Island

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Russian names on the world map Cape Dezhnev Bering Sea Bering Strait Bering Island Bering Glacier in Alaska Lisyansky Island Bellingshausen Sea Laptev Strait Kruzenshtern Sea Lazarev

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Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnev Semyon Ivanovich Dezhnev - an outstanding Russian navigator, explorer, traveler, explorer of Northern and Eastern Siberia, Cossack ataman, and also a fur trader, the first of the famous European navigators, in 1648, 80 years earlier than Vitus Bering, passed Beringov the strait separating Alaska from Chukotka. His name is: Cape Dezhnev, which is the extreme north-eastern tip of Asia (named Dezhnev - Big Stone Nose), as well as: an island, a bay, a peninsula and a village.

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Semyon Ivanovich Chelyuskin In the autumn of 1714, in Moscow, he was enrolled in the School of Mathematical and Navigational Sciences, which was located in the Sukharev Tower. In the 1720s, S. I. Chelyuskin served on ships Baltic Fleet as a navigator, apprentice navigator and sub-navigator. From 1726 he served in the Baltic Fleet, in 1733-1743 he participated in the Great Northern Expedition.

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Ivan Fedorovich Kruzenshtern Ivan Fedorovich Kruzenshtern is a Russian navigator, admiral. Comes from Baltic German nobles. In 1802 he was appointed head of the first Russian round-the-world expedition (1803-1806), which included the ships Nadezhda (commander K.) and Neva (commander Yu. F. Lisyansky). Description of the trip and the results of oceanographic and ethnographic research K. outlined in a three-volume work. One of the major straits of the Kuril chain, the Krusenstern Strait, is named after Kruzenshtern.

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Vitus Bering Vitus Jonassen Bering - navigator, officer of the Russian fleet, captain-commander. Vitus Bering was born in 1681 in the Danish city of Horsens, graduated from the cadet corps in Amsterdam in 1703, and entered the Russian service the same year. In 1725-1730 and 1733-1741 he led the First and Second Kamchatka expeditions. He passed through the strait between Chukotka and Alaska (later the Bering Strait), reached North America and discovered a number of islands in the Aleutian ridge. In the name of Bering, in the North Pacific Ocean, are named: an island, a strait, a sea, a Bering glacier in Alaska.

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Yuri Fedorovich Lisyansky Yuri Fedorovich Lisyansky is a Russian navigator and explorer. Captain of the second rank. Comes from an ancient Ukrainian Cossack family. Ivan Kruzenshtern and Yuri Lisyansky on the sloops "Nadezhda" and "Neva" made the first Russian round-the-world expedition. Lisyansky commanded the Neva and discovered one of the Hawaiian Islands. Lisyansky was the first to describe Hawaii in his book Journey Around the World (1812). In honor of Lisyansky are named: Lisyansky Island, a cape, a strait and a peninsula, a peninsula on the coast of the Sea of ​​Okhotsk.

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Faddey Fadeevich Bellingshausen Faddey Fadeevich Bellingshausen is a famous Russian navigator, discoverer of Antarctica. Comes from Baltic German nobles. In 1803-1806, Bellingshausen participated in the first round-the-world voyage of Russian ships on the faregat Nadezhda under the command of Ivan Krusenstern. In 1819-1821 he was the head of the round-the-world Antarctic expedition sent to the south polar seas. It consisted of the sloops "Vostok" and "Mirny", the latter was commanded by Mikhail Lazarev. The Bellingshausen Sea in the Pacific Ocean, the Thaddeus Islands and the Thaddeus Bay in the Laptev Sea, the Bellingshausen Glacier are named after Bellingshausen.

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Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev - Russian naval commander and navigator, admiral, commander Black Sea Fleet, participant of three round-the-world voyages and discoverer of Antarctica. On January 16, 1829, he (together with Bellingshausen) discovered the sixth part of the world - Antarctica - and a number of islands in the Pacific Ocean. Many geographical objects are named after him, as well as a glacier in Antarctica, scientific stations and the sea off the coast of Antarctica.

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“I named this island in the southern latitude 54˚51 ׳, western longitude 37˚13 ׳ Annenkov Island in honor of the second lieutenant on the Mirny sloop,” wrote the expedition leader Bellingshausen in his diary on December 5, 1819. This was the first geographical discovery of the Russians on the way to Antarctica. But now we may not even know who Annenkov is. The very Russian sound of the name becomes the main one in the function of the geographical name.

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Yakov Sannikov SANNIKOV Yakov (18-19 centuries - Yakut industrialist, explorer of the Novosibirsk Islands. In 1800 he discovered and described Stolbovoy Island, in 1805 discovered Faddevsky Island. In 1808-10 he took part in the M.M. Hedenstrom on surveying and exploring the Novosibirsk Islands, in 1810 he crossed island Novaya Siberia from south to north. In 1811, together with the surveyor Pshenitsyn, he bypassed Faddeevsky Island and found that it was connected to Kotelny Island by a low sandy expanse, later called Bunge Land. S. expressed the opinion about the existence of a vast land to the north of the Novosibirsk Islands, the so-called. Sannikov Land (later it was proved that it does not exist). The strait between the islands of M. Lyakhovsky and Kotelny and the river on the Novosibirsk Islands are named after S..

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Dmitry Yakovlevich Laptev Khariton Prokofievich Laptev Dmitry Yakovlevich Laptev is a Russian explorer of the Arctic, Vice Admiral. Since 1736, he led one of the northern detachments of the Second Kamchatka Expedition. As a result of the voyages and land campaigns of 1739-1742, inventories of the northern sea coast were carried out. A cape in the delta of the Lena River is named after Laptev. The Laptev Sea is named after Dmitry Laptev and his cousin Khariton. Khariton Prokofyevich Laptev - Russian naval sailor, commander of the detachment of the Kamchatka (Great Northern) expedition, who described in 1739-1742 the previously unknown coast of the Taimyr Peninsula. The northwestern coast of Taimyr, which was photographed directly by Khariton Laptev, is called the Khariton Laptev Coast.

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Ratmanov Makar Ivanovich Russian navigator and traveler. In 1784, at the age of twelve, Makar Ratmanov was appointed to the St. Petersburg Naval Cadet Corps, which was then headed by Admiral I.L. Golenishchev-Kutuzov, Toropets nobleman. Three years later, Ratmanov was promoted to midshipman and made his first voyages on various ships in the Gulf of Finland. At the end of the course on January 1, 1789, M. Ratmanov became a midshipman. M.I. Ratmanov took part in the first Russian voyage under the command of Krusenstern. Senior Lieutenant Ratmanov was appointed senior officer on Nadezhda. And here Kruzenshtern was not mistaken. Ratmanov was already a participant in numerous naval battles, for ten years before the expedition he commanded military ships. Stern, laconic, athletic, pedantic in matters of service, he was ideally suited for the role of senior assistant.

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Ferdinant Petrovich Wrangel Graduated from the Naval Cadet Corps. In 1817, as a midshipman on the sloop "Kamchatka" under the command of V.M. Golovin Wrangel went on the first trip around the world. In 1825-1827, he made a second round-the-world trip, commanding the ship "Krotkiy" F.P. Wrangel is one of the founders of the Russian Geographical Society

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Vasily and Maria Pronchishchevy Pronchishcheva Beach, Pronchishcheva Bay - these names not only mark geographical points, but can also be a symbol of fidelity, friendship and love. On the ship "Yakut", brave sailors made their way through the ice and reached the maximum northern latitude for those times (1736) (77˚29 ׳, taking into account imperfect instruments, it is possible even 77˚55 ׳). At the end of the hard way back, Vasily Pronchishchev died, and a few days later, his accompanying wife, Maria Pronchishcheva, also died. The expedition was led by Lieutenant Semyon Chelyuskin. Deep reverence and gratitude should be awakened by such names on the map of Taimyr as the Pronchishchev coast and Pronchishcheva bay. By their labors I acquired my general form map of the coast of the Arctic Ocean, which we see today, and which has become the property of all mankind.

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Nikolai Mikhailovich Przhevalsky Russian names mark mountain ranges, peaks, glaciers. On the maps different countries let's read the word Przhevalsky: Przhevalsky Ridge in China, Przhevalsky Island in the Kuril Islands, Cape Przhevalsky on Bennet Lake in Alaska. Nikolai Mikhailovich Przhevalsky walked 33 thousand kilometers across Asia, studying ridges, deserts, animals and vegetable world. The students of Przhevalsky, the geographers of the world, inscribed his name on the map of the world, the students of the students continued this tradition of memory.

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Nikolai Nikolayevich Miklukho-Maclay N.N. was a kind of “teacher of life” for the Papuans. Miklukho Maclay. Miklouho-Maclay proved by his observations that the cultural level of any people is determined not by its biological characteristics, but historical development the people themselves.

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Description of the slide:

Golovin Vasily Mikhailovich In 1812, a new strait was marked on the map in the ridge of the Kuril Islands, named after the Russian captain V.M. Golovin. During a geographical expedition, Golovin was captured by the Japanese and remained in captivity from 1811 to 1813. It was the captivity of a real scientist, a Russian man, even whose captivity became a definite starting point in the history of Japan and Russia. V.M. Golovin taught the Japanese the basics of the Russian language. Note that after a visit to Nagasaki in 1853, the Russian language began to penetrate into Japan, and the first Russian language textbooks for the Japanese were compiled. But the very first teacher was the captain-geographer V.M. Golovin

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