Zakhary Alekseevich Chepega was born on January 14 (25), 1726. He came from the family of a Ukrainian foreman from a noble family of Kulish. He grew up in the village of Borki, Chernihiv province. As an ataman, he lived alone in a simple unpretentious environment, in a small hut built over the Karasun River in an oak grove. History has not left a description of the appearance, or a portrait of this leader of the Cossacks, but before the eyes of those who have thought about the life, activities and actions of Zakhary Chepega, a strong, squat figure of a man is involuntarily drawn, impressive in body and seasoned, sedate in terms of methods of address, with a round Little Russian , with a smoothly shaven face, and large but soft outlines of the nose, lips and mouth, with gray affectionate eyes, with thick mustaches hanging down with an even thicker plumpness and with a good-natured smile, as if saying to everyone: "good, brothers, good." According to the stories told by the old Cossacks, Chepega was short in stature, but heavily built with broad shoulders, a large forelock and mustache. In appearance, he was stern and important, as all prominent foremen and sedate Cossacks behaved in general.

Zakhary Alekseevich Chepega spent his entire life as a bachelor. In the affairs of the Kuban military archive, a draft of a letter from a koshevoi to some familiar general who offered his daughter to the ataman as a bride has been preserved. The letter, presumably, was written from dictation, since Zakhariy was not taught to read and write. But he is distinguished by inimitable Little Russian humor. In 1750 Zakhariy joined the ranks of the Zaporizhian Cossacks, where he received a new surname, nicknamed Chepega. Kharko Chepiga - that's what his friends liked to call him. During the Russian-Turkish war, he distinguished himself in the capture of languages ​​and in the battles near Ochakovo. Then he ruled the Potovchanskaya palanka (district of the Zaporozhian Sich). After the defeat of the Sich in 1775, he fought in the army. A. V. Suvorov and received the rank of captain (1777) during the formation of faithful Cossacks in Ukraine in 1787 under the leadership of S. I. Bely, he was instructed to command mounted Cossacks (2800 people). After the death of Bely in the battle in the Dnieper-Bug estuary, the Cossacks elected Chepegus as their second ataman. Under his command, the Cossacks proved their right to the existence of a new "military partnership", fighting bravely near Gadzhibey, Akkerman and Bendery, where Chepega himself was wounded by a bullet through his right shoulder and awarded the Order of St. George 4th class.

During the famous assault on Izmail in 1790, Suvorov instructed him to lead the central column, which consisted of the Cossacks. Upon the capture of this impregnable fortress, the commander awarded him the Order of St. George 3rd class and promoted him to the rank of army brigadier. After the end of the war with the Turks, the Army began to be called the Black Sea, and according to the charter of Catherine the 2nd, he was allocated land for the settlement of Taman and Kuban. At the same time, the main organizational efforts for resettlement, land acquisition and arrangement of 40 Cossack huts fell on the shoulders of Chepega. In the year he was actively involved in resettlement issues, the creation of a security cordon line against the raids of the Trans-Kuban mountaineers, the construction of the capital of the Ekaterinodar Army and the harbor in the Kiziltash estuary for the Black Sea rowing flotilla. But already in 1794, on the royal order, the ataman led part of the Black Sea regiments to Poland, and under the command of Suvorov they again distinguished themselves in battles with the Polish confederates. The chieftain himself was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir of the 2nd degree and received the rank of major general. In 1795, Chepega returned to the Kuban. Making another trip to the Kuban in January 1797, Chepega caught a cold and soon died. He was buried in the crypt of the Holy Trinity Church

(later the Resurrection Cathedral was erected on this site) and Ekaterinodar. In August 1904, his name was given to the 1st Ekaterinodar Regiment of the Kuban Cossack Army. Zakhary Alekseevich Chepega 1. On what date (in our time) was Z. A. Chepega born? A) 14 C) 31 B) 25 D) How many times was Chepega married? A) 1 time C) 3 times B) 2 times D) not married 3. In what year did Zachary join the ranks of the Zaporozhye Cossacks? A) 1750 C) 1795 B) 1775 D) 1765 4. In what year was the Sich defeated? A) 1759 C) 1775 B) 1750 D) 1790 5. Where did Zakhary Alekseevich Chepega die? A) Kuban C) Chukotka B) Taman D) To the village of Borki, Chernihiv province

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Zachary Chepega

In early July 1788, G. A. Potemkin issued a decree on the appointment of a new ataman: “By courage and zeal for order and at the request of the army of faithful Cossacks, Khariton (that is, Zakhary) Chepega is determined by the ataman. I announce this to the whole army, I order it to be properly honored and obeyed. As a sign of respect, the field marshal presented Chepega with an expensive saber. Many documents have been preserved, mainly military warrants and correspondence related to Zakhary Alekseevich, but we will not find his autograph on any of them: the ataman of the Black Sea Cossack army was illiterate. Signatures on papers for him were put by a trusted officer. If we add to this circumstance the fact that Chepega's sister, Daria, was married to a serf peasant Kulish, who belonged to the landowner of the Poltava province, Major Levenets, and her three sons, even when Chepega was an ataman, were listed "with the aforementioned landowner in the peasantry" (however, one of them, Evstafiy Kulish, fled during the Turkish war to the Cossacks, acquiring the rank of lieutenant there “through various differences”, then he married and, not wanting to move to the Kuban, remained in residence in the Kherson district), then the origins of the Chepega family tree are easily guessed.

In the Sich, he had a reputation as an experienced and brave warrior, commanded cavalry, and participated in all the most important battles. During the capture of Izmail, A.V. Suvorov instructed him to lead one of the assault columns to the fortress. For military exploits, Chepega was awarded three orders and received the rank of brigadier. But not only awards marked his military path: enemy bullets more than once overtook the Cossack. However, here we are given the opportunity to give the floor to the very hero of our story: the archive preserved a letter from Chepega to the military judge Anton Golovaty, with whom he had a sincere friendship. This letter was written on June 19, 1789, immediately after a heated battle with the Turks near Bender, for which, by the way, the Black Sea people, who fought together with the Don and Bug Cossacks, received gratitude from M. I. Kutuzov. Talking about the losses of the enemy, captured Turkish banners and prisoners, Chepega further writes: “Three of all of us were wounded and one person was killed in death, 6 horses were killed and three were wounded; Yes, and I got it, a bullet pierced my right shoulder through and it is unlikely that I will recover soon, it is very difficult for me. Woe to the poor orphan ... and we can’t have time to get food, but only be so, we will endure, and pray to God, and rely on him, let him be an assistant and intercessor, seeing our justice ... then forgive, dear brother, friend and comrade, for I, having wished you blissful success in all your undertakings, remain with true respect ... "

Chepega was to be chieftain for almost ten years, and the main event in his activity, from the point of view of both contemporaries and descendants, is, of course, the foundation of Ekaterinodar and the first Kuban villages. The path to the Kuban Chepega with the army and the convoy kept land, at the end of October 1792 he arrived at the river Her, where he wintered in the so-called Khan's town at the Yeisk Spit. He reported to Golovaty that he was satisfied with the inspection of these places, the land is “capable” for arable farming and cattle breeding, the waters are healthy, and fishing ... “such extremely abundant and profitable ones have never been seen and nothing like it has been heard of ...” Note that the riches of the new region were appreciated not only by the Cossacks, who had to plow and protect these lands, but also by their Kerch, St. Petersburg and other bosses, large and small. Remarkable in this respect is such an order from Chepega to Colonel Savva Bely in Taman on January 29, 1793: “... His Excellency Mr. Major General Taurida Governor and Cavalier Semyon Semenovich Zhegulin needs fresh red fish and freshly salted caviar, and therefore I recommend your high nobility to make an effort how can I get more of it and send it by courier both to His Excellency and to the provincial prosecutor Captain Pyotr Afanasyevich Pashovkin serving with him, to the secretary and collegiate recorder Danil Andreevich Karev and to the entire provincial office ... "

On May 10, 1793, Chepega set out with the Cossacks to the Kuban River to set up border cordons, and on June 9 he camped in the Karasun Kut, where “he found a place for a military town ...” approval of the city and sending a land surveyor, writes out builders, appoints a mayor ... In the spring of 1794, with the direct participation of the ataman, a lottery was held for land for future smoking villages and on March 21 a list was drawn up, “where a place was assigned to a smoking place.” But already in June 1794, Chepega left the “newly built” military city, setting off on the order of Catherine II with two regiments on the so-called Polish campaign. On the way to Petersburg, he is invited to the royal table, and the empress herself treats the old warrior with grapes and peaches. For participation in the Polish campaign, the Cossack chieftain is promoted to general. This was his last military campaign. A year after returning to the Kuban on January 14, 1797, Zakhary Chepega died from old wounds and a “prick of the lung” in Ekaterinoda, in his hut, built in an oak grove above Karasun. His funeral took place on January 16. The funeral chariot, drawn by six black horses, was accompanied by kurynye atamans and foremen, foot and horse Cossacks, who fired from rifles and a three-pound military cannon every time they stopped and the priest read the Gospel. Twelve stops were made on the way from the house to the church, and twelve volleys resounded over the city.Ahead of the coffin, according to custom, they carried a lid with two sabers laid crosswise on it - the hetman's and the king's, bestowed on the ataman; two of his favorite riding horses were led along the sides, awards were carried on pillows made of thin green cloth, and in front of them - the ataman's mace ... Chepega was buried in the military fortress "in the middle of the place designated for the cathedral military church."

The description of his funeral was compiled by the military clerk Timofey Kotlyarevsky for Anton Golovaty, who was at that time outside the region, on the Persian campaign, and a copy of this document remained in the military archive. Ninety years later, the military archivist Varenik added a curious note to the back of the sheet, in which he reported (for future generations?) That on July 11, 1887, when digging a ditch for the foundation of a new church on the site of the wooden Resurrection Cathedral, consecrated in 1804 and dismantled in 1876, graves were dug, according to their attributes recognized as the burial places of Chepega, Kotlyarevsky, military archpriest Roman Porokhni, Colonel Alexei Vysochin, and also a certain woman, according to legend, Golovaty's wife Ulyana ... These ashes were transferred to new coffins (a coffin for Chepegi was donated by Varenik himself) and reburied under the refectory of the church under construction. During the ceremony, the military choir sang and the chief ataman Ya. D. Malama was present ... What else do we know about Chepeg? Since the old ataman “died single, and therefore childless,” historians were somehow not interested in his descendants. A branch of his family along the line of his sister Daria Kulish was lost somewhere in Ukraine. It is noteworthy that the children of his nephew Evstafiy, Ivan and Ulyana, "appropriated" the name of Chepega and then claimed the inheritance. Another nephew Evtikhiy, the son of Chepega's brother Miron, bore the Ataman surname by right, since, having lost his father early, he was taken by Zakhary Chepega as a child and was with him all the time. Before his death, the ataman, who did not see the need to make a spiritual testament, summoned Evtikhy from the farm, handed him the keys and “some papers” and talked about something in private for a long time ... Lieutenant Colonel Evtikhy Chepega also made his contribution to history: in 1804 he brought to the Kuban from Mirgorod the famous sacristy and library of the Kiev-Mezhigorsky monastery, which belonged to the Zaporizhian army. Evtikhiy died in 1806, among the property described in his house were sabers that belonged to the late ataman.

E. D. Felitsyn, who published a biographical note about Zakhary Chepeg in 1888, argued that one of them - a gold one, granted by the Empress, "is still kept in one old Cossack family." History has not preserved the portrait of Chepega. According to P.P. Korolenko, who at the end of the last century wrote down many legends heard from old-timers, he was “short in stature, with broad shoulders, a large forelock and mustache” and in general was a “type of stern Cossack”. They say that once a painter came to Chepega. “Your Excellency, it seems I will remove the partret for you.” Chepega: “Are you a painter?” Otvicha: "Malyar". - So paint the gods, and I was a general, you don’t need to paint me ... "

A memorial sign to the founder of Ekaterinodar Zakhary Chepega was installed on the building of the Kuban Medical University. More than two hundred years ago, the house of the ataman of the Black Sea Cossack army stood on this site, to which not a single monument or memorial sign has yet been erected in the city. Those who are at least a little familiar with the history of the Kuban Cossacks, at the mention of Chepeg, will remember that Catherine II fed him grapes, that he gave him a saber studded with diamonds, that he was illiterate - letters were signed for him by others. But few people know that it was Zakhary Chepega who found the place where the Cossacks laid the foundation for Ekaterinodar-Krasnodar. He also led the landing of the Black Sea Cossacks on the Taman Peninsula. And the first winter after receiving the highest diploma for the development of the local lands, he, together with the army, spent practically in the steppe, with great human losses. Reliable images of the ataman have not been preserved, but it is known for certain that Chepega fought heroically in the Russian-Turkish war, was loved by the Cossacks, and for all his severity and severity during military campaigns, in fact, he was a kind-hearted person and rarely refused anyone to help and protection.

The work was done by a student of 8 "A" class Bichurina Khristina

Zachary (Kharko or Khariton) Alekseevich Chepega(1725 - January 14, 1797, Yekaterinodar) - the second (after Sidor Bely) Cossack ataman of the Black Sea Cossack army, major general of the Russian army, an active participant in the Russian-Turkish wars of the second half of the 18th century and the resettlement of the Black Sea Cossack army to the Kuban.

Biography

The exact date and place of birth are not known. There is a version about his origin "from a noble family of Kulish". It is believed that he arrived in the Sich in 1750, when he signed up for the service as a Cossack of Kislyakovsky kuren. In 1767, he headed the border guard at the Pereviz palanka. During the Russian-Turkish war of 1768-1774, he participated in campaigns, parties, and traveling. He could neither read nor write until his death.

At the time of the liquidation of the Sich in 1775, he served as colonel of the Protovchanskaya palanka (Ukr. Protovchanskaya palanka). In 1777, in the convoy of Lieutenant General Prince Prozorovsky. On January 29 of the same year, he was granted the rank of army captain.

Since 1787, the patronage of His Serene Highness Prince Potemkin has been traced. During the trip of Catherine the Great to Taurida in the same year, Potemkin introduced the Cossack elders to the Empress, including Chepega. Former foremen of the Zaporozhian Sich asked the Empress to organize the former Cossacks into a special army, in the Russian military service. The empress gave such permission and the “Army of the Faithful Cossacks” was formed, later renamed the “Black Sea Cossack Host”.

With the beginning of a new Russian-Turkish war, the newly created Cossack troops (at the time of their greatest deployment there were up to 10,000 people) took an active part in it.

I declare through this to everyone and everyone ... that Mr. Captain Zakhary Chepega, filled with commendable zeal and zeal for the service of Her Imperial Majesty ... expressed a desire to gather volunteers and be used with them to be with the army entrusted to my superiors. That is why I allow him to recruit hunters from free people ...

Chepega's salary was 300 rubles a year, which was equal to the salary of the first ataman, Sidor Bely. By May 1788, the Chepega volunteer cavalry team was approaching 300 people. They were engaged in traveling and guarding the borders. On June 17 of the same year, in a naval battle near Ochakov, he was wounded and died on June 19, the first military ataman of the faithful Cossacks, Sidor Bely. Chepega became his successor. Although the Cossacks themselves elected I. Sukhina as ataman, but after a few days the "people's protege" was removed in favor of Chepega. Chepega himself wrote to A. Golovaty on July 5 of this year:

His Serene Highness… Prince Grigory Alexandrovich Potemkin-Tavrichesky assigned me to the army of faithful Cossacks as the Army Ataman…

Potemkin wrote about the same empress as follows:

I take the place of this venerable elder [S. Bely] entrusted the reign of the kosh to the second-major Chepega ...

The Black Sea Cossacks under the command of Chepega especially distinguished themselves in the capture of Ochakov, the fortified island of Berezan, Gadzhibey, Akkerman, Bender. In 1790, the Cossacks showed incomparable courage during the assault on Izmail.

In this Turkish campaign, Chepega was once seriously wounded in the right shoulder and was awarded the rank of army brigadier, orders of St. George and St. Vladimir, Catherine II granted the chieftain "a saber strewn with expensive stones."

After the victorious end of the Turkish war, the Russian government decided to resettle the Black Sea Cossacks to the Kuban, to protect the Russian border that had sunk to the south. Chepega took an active part in organizing the resettlement, founding Ekaterinodar and smoking villages.

Chepega also participated in the suppression of the Polish uprising of 1794. For the assault on the outskirts of Warsaw - Prague, which essentially decided the success of the entire company, he was awarded the Order of St. Vladimir 2nd class.

Zakhary Chepega was a large landowner. He had a dacha near the Gromokley tract, in the Kherson region he owned the village of Lyubarka with serfs, whom he promised to set free, but never did; in the Kuban, Chepega owned "Circassian kuts and forests" near Yekaterinodar, a huge farm on the Kirpileh River (there were 14 Cossack workers on it), a large garden and vineyard on Taman, a mill on the Beisug River and a large house in Yekaterinodar.

July 3 marks the 230th anniversary of Zakhary Chepega, ataman of the Troops of the Black Sea Cossacks, taking office. This name is associated with the resettlement of brave lads to the Kuban and the foundation of Ekaterinodar. "Komsomolskaya Pravda" prepared 10 facts about the first ataman.

1. Zakhary Chepega is one of the brightest, but at the same time mysterious figures of the Kuban Cossacks. Few people know that Chepega is actually not the real name of the ataman, but the nickname he received in Zaporozhye. And it means “handle for a plow”, because the researchers say that Zachary was not a representative of a noble family.

By the way, many Cossacks called Zacharias - Kharko Chepega. There is no mistake here, it’s just that in the Zaporozhian Sich he was known under the name Khariton.

2. After the death of Sidor Bely in 1788, the Cossacks elected their favorite, Kharko Chepega, as their ataman. The order of elections then was simple - voting at a gathering. And the old Cossacks, who themselves were once imperious foremen, chipped off the mud that had dried to their boots and sprinkled it on the head of the chosen ataman. Only after this ritual the decision came into force.

3. Many documents related to Zechariah have been preserved, but you will not find his autograph on any of them. The ataman of the Black Sea Cossack army was illiterate. Signatures on papers for him were put by a trusted officer.

4. On April 17, 1790, Prince G. A. Potemkin, appointed shortly before this “Great Hetman. Imperial Cossack troops of the Black Sea and Yekaterinoslav", presented the saber to Zakhary Chepega. Traces of this valuable gift, unfortunately, were lost.

However, in part, historians managed to trace the fate of another saber - the “royal”. In mid-August 1792, Anton Golovaty returned from St. Petersburg, where he asked Catherine II for land in Taman and Kuban "for eternal and hereditary possession." He did not come to Ekaterinodar empty-handed - he handed Chepega a “saber showered with expensive stones”, granted by Catherine II. For a long time, the gift was kept at Zacharias's house. However, after his death, according to historians, all the property of the ataman passed to his nephew Evtikhiy Chepega and “his walking wife, known for her behavior even outside the Black Sea coast. Everything that was collected by Chepega was squandered and drunk away ... ". It is possible that the saber donated by Potemkin was also lost at that time.

5. The place under the military city - Ekaterinodar - was chosen by the ataman Chepega himself and it was no coincidence. The presence of a forest, a middle location in relation to the chain of cordons and ideal lands for fortification. There was also an elevated place from which the floodplain of the Kuban was clearly visible, and where, according to all Zaporozhye rules, it was possible to create a fortification. Researchers say that Chepega tried to rebuild the old Sich in the Kuban.

6. Chepega had a simple and unpretentious life as a Cossack, he was never rich, he earned honestly.

7. Once, an artist from Yekaterinodar suggested that Chepega draw him so that his descendants would have a memory. But the ataman immediately refused this honor, remarking briefly: "Tilko gods paint."

8. Throughout his life, Chepega was a bachelor - an orphan. In the affairs of the Kuban military archive, a draft of a letter from a koshevoi to some familiar general who offered his daughter to the ataman as a bride has been preserved. It is worth saying that a friend in uniform was absolutely not embarrassed by the age difference - Zakhary was already an old Cossack, and the general’s daughter would have been suitable for him as a granddaughter. Nevertheless, the old Cossack, who refused once and for all from marriage in order to devote himself to chivalrous, according to the concepts of the Cossacks, occupations in the fight against enemies, found something to answer.

You recommend your daughter to me as a bride. Thank you. May you be healthy and prosperous,” the letter says, and then Chepega jumps to another topic. - It's a pity that they didn't come to their senses from Poland ... I wanted to take a Polish woman away, so no one was taken as a headman. I don’t know how far it will be (the author’s style has been preserved - Ed.).

9. At the very beginning of 1797, Zakhary Chepega fell ill with a "prick of the lung" (pneumonia - Auth.). And on January 14, in a modest hut built in an oak grove, he died over the Karasun River. On the 16th, the ataman was buried in the Yekaterinodar fortress "in the middle of the place appointed for the cathedral military church."

The coffin of the ataman was carried on a chariot drawn by six black horses, six foremen with lit candles walked on both sides of it, they carried a lid in front, with two sabers placed crosswise on it, donated by Tsarina Catherine II and Prince Potemkin, - military clerk Timofey described the funeral ceremony Kotlyarevsky. Chepega's two favorite riding horses were led nearby, and his awards were carried on cushions made of thin green cloth. All military regalia accompanied the koschevoi on his last journey ... Twelve times the procession stopped, and twelve times the military priest read the Gospel, after which the foot and horse Cossacks fired from their guns, and the gunner fired from a three-pound military cannon - the coffin was lowered into the grave.

10. In the summer of 1930, the brick Resurrection Church on Victory Square (now Postovaya Street) was destroyed. The burial of the founder of the city was trampled down for many decades.

Now, on the site of the temple and the grave of Chepega, there is a square of the Children's Regional Clinical Hospital.

There is a version that Z. Chepiga comes from an old Cossack family Kulish. But employees of the State Archive of the Krasnodar Territory, preparing for the publication of the biography of the atamans, discovered a document indicating that Z. Chepiga's sister, Daria, was married to a serf Kulish, who belonged to the landowner of the Poltava province, Major Levents. More recently, a version about the Albanian origin of Z. Chepigi has appeared, but the source needs to be verified. Did not receive education.

At the age of 24 (1750) Chepega arrived in Zaporozhye. In October 1769 he distinguished himself in the defeat of the Turks on the Dniester. During the first Russo-Turkish War, the Cossack flotilla on the Danube ensured the capture of the important fortress of Kiliya, the castle of Tulcea and the fortress of Isaccea.

Thanks to the skillful actions of the Cossack flotilla, almost the entire one hundred frigate Turkish fleet, which defended the besieged Izmail from the Danube, sank.

By the time of the liquidation of the Zaporizhzhya Sich (1775), Zakhary Chepiga was a colonel of the Protovchanskaya palanka. In the Manifesto, on behalf of Catherine II, it was said that the Sich was destroyed forever, like the very name of the Zaporizhzhya Cossacks, for their daring deeds and disobedience to royal decrees.

Chepega did not know the letters, the papers were signed for him by others.

Taking advantage of the Empress's trip to the south of Russia (1787), not without the mediation of Prince Potemkin, the Zaporizhzhya foremen Sidor Bely, Anton Golovaty and others presented her with a petition in Kremenchug, where, on behalf of the former Zaporizhzhya Cossacks, they expressed their desire to take part in the coming war. The request was accepted. The Cossacks took a new name - "The Army of the Faithful Cossacks" (in contrast to the "infidels" who went to the Danube in Turkey).

Catherine II granted the "troop of faithful Cossacks" a large white banner with a black eagle and the inscription "For Faith and Loyalty", small banners for kurens, an ataman's mace, small kuren seals and a seal with the inscription "Seal of the kosh of faithful Cossacks."

The chieftain of the newly created army of the Faithful Cossacks was Sidor Bely, the commander of the cavalry was Zakhary Chepiga. By a court decree of January 5, 1788, it was reported to the public that "Mr. Colonel Sidor Bely was named the military ataman of the faithful Cossacks and ordered him to establish his own kosh on the Zburyevskaya side. Therefore, the Cossacks were invited to sign up" on foot with the military ataman Sidor Belago on Zburyevskaya side, and the cavalry at the Colonel of the Army Second Major Zakhary Chepig on Gromokl.

During the second Russian-Turkish war, it was the Faithful Cossacks who captured Khadzhibey (the castle located on the site of present-day Odessa) by night assault, captured the island of Berezan with a dashing attack.

Since 1790, the Danube Cossack flotilla did not allow the Turks to enter the Danube. Near Izmail, having landed from the Danube, the Cossacks broke into the fortress in the most unexpected place.

In commemoration of the victories, the Army of Loyal Cossacks became known as the Black Sea.

Having received from the queen the title of Great Hetman of the Black Sea and Yekaterinoslav Cossack troops, Grigory Potemkin approved A. Holovaty as a Cossack military judge. Potemkin allowed the troops to settle between the Southern Bug and the Dniester, and in addition, G. A. Potemkin, admiring the courage of the Black Sea people, presented them with their own fishing grounds on the eastern coast of the Sea of ​​\u200b\u200bAzov.