My dear readers, hello! We have already discussed whether a child is worth it and came to the conclusion that each future first grader is individual. Someone at the age of 6 is ready to “nibble on the granite of science”, while someone even at their “five minutes to eight” regrets leaving the kindergarten.

The child is unlikely to help you with a hint whether to go to the first grade or not. How to determine the readiness of the child for school, only adults can know. Are there litmus papers that give the green light to sit at a school desk?

Lesson plan:

What can a psychologist test?

Repeating the material covered, let me remind you that for psychologists, the ability to read and write is not the most important thing in the life of a future first grader. When determining the level of readiness of a kindergartner to cross the school threshold "healers of children's souls":

1. first of all, they are repelled by the persistent desire of the child;
2. then they study the important stage of collectivization, that is, the ability to cooperate;
3. analyze the third indicator on the acquisition of knowledge - the ability to live according to instructions, that is, to obey and fulfill other people's requirements.

To make sure that the baby really meets the listed psychological conditions to plunge into a new world for him, parents who care for their child often go to see a psychologist and there they find out “eye to eye” whether they are ready or not yet.

What does a psychologist do with a child? studies it inner world with the help of tests. Many people use the “maturity” test developed by the American Geraldine Cheney. She proposes to analyze the level of preparation in several blocks, consisting of questions on:

• knowledge;
• basic experience;
• language development;
• emotional development;
• hearing abilities;
• visual perception;
• attitude towards books.

Other psychologists prefer Kern-Jirasek orientation graphic testing. It consists of:

• drawing of a person (male figure);
• drawing - a copy of a phrase consisting of written letters;
• drawing - copies of a set of points.

This test has its own scoring system, and complements it with an intellectual questionnaire.

What can a teacher check?

There is a pedagogical diagnostic developed by scientists to help kindergarten teachers. It allows you to determine in a general sense whether the child is ready for school at the level of existing knowledge. These simple tests help to identify "holes".

Task 1 on the ability to orient on a plane and count

Likeness of D. Elkonin. Not a checkered piece of paper is painted over with black color one cell. The child is given pencils of red, blue, yellow and green colors. He needs to find a black square and, as directed by the teacher, count a certain number of cells to the right-left-down-up and paint over with the specified color.

Task 2 for elementary addition-subtraction and understanding of the problem

It also requires a sheet in a cage. The simplest task is given according to the type “there are 3 cats and 2 dogs in the room”. You need to draw as many circles as there are animals in total. And then "1 cat and 1 dog left the room." You need to draw as many squares as there are animals left.

Task 3 to test the development of speech

Teachers check:

• , the ability to determine the place of sound in a word (at the beginning - middle - at the end) and the ability to highlight the necessary intonation;
• skills in making sentences of 3-5 words and determining their order (1st, 2nd, last);
• the ability to combine concepts, for example, “tomato, cucumber and pumpkin are vegetables”;
• the ability to compose stories from pictures.

Task 4 for memorization

In this case, it checks:

• the ability to read and know the author who wrote them;
• storytelling skills.

Task 5 for basic math skills with numbers

Teachers check the future first grader:

• knows the numbers from 0 to 9;
• can count up to 10 back and forth;
• can name the previous and subsequent numbers;
• whether you are familiar with the signs "+" and "-";
• can compare more-less;
• determines whether geometric figures(square, triangle, circle).

Task 6 on knowledge of the world around

Such tests suggest that the child should know:

• the appearance of common plants (spruce, birch, chamomile, bell and others);
• differences between wild and domestic animals, the main features of the appearance of birds and other living creatures, their differences, for example, crows from woodpeckers;
• signs of the seasons of nature, for example, what to eat in autumn and what in winter;
• names of all months;
• names of all days of the week.

Among other things, teachers will definitely ask a potential first-grader for the name of the country, city and street where he lives, the number of the house and apartment, full names moms, dads, grandparents, their occupations.

What can a pediatrician and dentist check?

Yes, don't be surprised. A lot of questions and discussions about whether the child is ready for school lead precisely to the pediatrician and dentist. Physicians also contribute and distinguish between passport and biological age. With a passport, everything is clear - count how many years, months, days from the moment of birth. And how to determine the biological age suitable for school?

Let's say right away that in medicine, for many, the passport and biological age do not coincide, the latter can be late with an interval of up to 1.5 years. What does it mean? This means that it is better to see the school desk out when there is a psycho-physiological readiness of the child's body for this.

To determine the biological age, the Philippine test is used, which is based on a half-height growth spurt - a significant increase in the length of children's arms and legs. Ask your preschooler to reach over the top of their head with their right hand to the lobe of their left ear. If he does this without difficulty, then we can say that he is ready for school.

“How does school maturity depend on this?!” - you will be surprised. Doctors explain simply: the Philippine test shows not only the development of the child's skeleton, but also how mature nervous system and how the child's brain is ready to perceive and process information. Pediatricians believe that rushing to send a child to school before this very jump has taken place, which helps working capacity, means dooming him to failures in his studies.

About increasing the ability to direct all the forces of the body is no longer on physical development, and you can judge the study by the teeth. When dentists fix your child, this is a favorable sign to add mental development to physiological development. In the Middle Ages, in China and Japan, this was how a child “entered the mind” was defined, already capable of answering before the law.

What can a parent check?

I propose to draw up two columns “for” and “against”, or “+” and “-” on a piece of paper in order to fill them in with the testing.

Well, gradually pluses and minuses fell on your leaflet, it remains only to calculate them, if there are still doubts, confirm yourself at a psychologist’s appointment and make a final decision.

Share how you managed to cope with these tests and are you ready to build a portfolio?

Good luck getting ready for school!

Your "School" :)

Whether a child is ready for a new school life or not is determined by the combination of such features:

• morphological;
• psychological;
• personal.

The degree of their formation depends on:

• proper maturation of the body of a preschooler (especially the central nervous system);
• the level of development of his mental processes;
• social environment in which the baby was brought up;
• personal qualities, which he developed;
• availability of basic universal learning skills.

Let's present the main types of school readiness and their characteristics in the table.

According to experts, readiness for schooling formed in children between six and seven years of age. However, each child has an individual pace of development. The decision on whether to send him to school should be made on the basis of an assessment of the entire list of necessary qualities.

Physical readiness

This type of readiness to study at school, as physical readiness, is determined on the basis of the correspondence of the level of development of the child's body to the basic age norms. A number of criteria must be taken into account.

1. Level of biological development:

• growth;
• weight;
• performance;
• a system of conditional verbal reactions;
• maturity of the digestive and urinary systems.

1. The state of health and analyzer systems. To determine the state of health before entering school, the child must undergo a medical examination and obtain a conclusion that he is healthy and can study in educational institution. Particular attention is paid to checking vision and hearing, which are of paramount importance for the perception of information.

If there are any medical deviations or contraindications, it is necessary to postpone enrollment in the first class, undergo a course of treatment or take care of creating special educational conditions for the child.

General physical development. It is determined by the presence of basic physical qualities:

• dexterity;
• speed;
• strength;
• movement coordination.

The level of development of the main types of movements:

• jumping;
• slopes;
• squats;
• crawl.

Development of fine motor skills of hands:

• hold a pen or pencil;
• draw clear lines;
• move small items
• fold a piece of paper.

Hygiene skills, self-care skills. The child must:

• wash;
• brush your teeth;
• to wash hands;
• use the toilet;
• dress;
• fasten and tie shoelaces;
• look after your appearance;
• use cutlery;
• clean up the dishes;
• organize the workplace;
• collect, fold and put away your belongings.

Knowledge of the basics of health. The child has knowledge of:

• the importance of being healthy;
• the need to protect health;
• daily routine;
• the importance of sports.

A physically healthy and prepared child, a changed daily routine and level of stress.

Psychological readiness

Consider the types of psychological readiness for school, which covers several aspects.

Mental readiness includes:

• sufficient knowledge of the world around;
• the ability to operate with existing knowledge to solve various problems;
• curiosity, the need for new knowledge;
• level mental activity which will ensure the assimilation of new knowledge;
• the presence of verbal-logical and figurative thinking;
• developed speech, sufficient vocabulary;
• developed sensory skills;
• sustained attention;
• strong memory.

Intellectual preparation for entering the school is a necessary condition for the successful mastery of the curriculum.

Social readiness is based on the following components:

• communication;
• the desire to communicate with peers, to establish friendly relations with them;
• the ability to listen to the interlocutor;
• willingness to follow the line;
• willingness to follow the leader or to show leadership qualities yourself;
• understanding of the social hierarchy, willingness to obey the requirements of elders.

The foundations of the relationship of the child with the outside world are laid in the family and develop in the process of visiting preschool. "Home" children are more difficult to adapt to the conditions of the school team.

Personal readiness to enter school is related to the degree of formation of the child's internal attitude to the fact that his role in society is changing, the attitude of adults and their system of requests to him is changing. A first-grader must consciously take the position of a student and have. It is important that his positive motivation is not based on external aspects (acquisition of new clothes, possession of office supplies, etc.), but on the fact that by attending school he will become smarter, will be able to develop his abilities and skills.

In addition, the child must be prepared that in the family he will be considered more mature and independent. Therefore, the number of demands and family responsibilities will increase. In this regard, the situation is especially difficult in families where there are still children of preschool age.

Emotional-volitional readiness implies the presence of such aspects:

• the joyful expectation of going to school;
• acceptance of goals educational activities and positive attitude towards them;
• the ability to subordinate their motives to the collective;
• the ability to consciously manage one's behavior in accordance with moral principles;
• desire to overcome difficulties;
• striving to achieve high results in their activities;
• conscious definition of some positive and negative qualities character and willingness to change;
• the presence of restraint, perseverance, independence, perseverance, discipline and organization.

A high level of emotional and volitional readiness for school is the key to successful learning. Indeed, in this case, even having problems at the initial stage of school adaptation, the child will be able to overcome them and will not experience difficulties in the future.

special readiness

Special readiness for schooling is that the child has some universal learning skills:

• name letters;
• read syllables or words;
• count, add and subtract within 10;
• write individual elements;
• draw simple objects;
• do light exercise.

This is just an indicative list. Usually such skills are formed during special classes that are held in kindergarten. Their presence is necessary for the study of school subjects provided for by the curriculum.

It is important that all the basic types of a child's readiness for school are formed at a sufficient level. Only in this case, under conditions of systematic education, the child will not experience a deterioration in health, he will cope with the requirements, successfully learn school curriculum and socio-psychologically adapts to school life.

How to prepare your child for a new life at the school desk, help him find friends and get interested in learning - all this with child psychologist Svetlana Klyuvaeva.

Natalya Kozhina, AiF.ru: Svetlana, it's no secret that some children want to study, while others don't. Do you have a recipe for how to make sure that the child goes to school on September 1st, like on a holiday?

Svetlana Klyuvaeva: The fact is that many parents start to scare the child from childhood: “When you go to school, the teacher will not wait for you there. Everything has to be done quickly. You can't mess around there." And the child grows up expecting that school is something terrible, where teachers are strict, where you can’t relax, where everything will be very tough. Is it any wonder then that your child does not want to go to first grade?

Build your dialogue with the child in a different way. At 4-5 years old, parents can tell that school is the place where you will study, make new friends, that is, school is not scary at all, but very interesting. If parents set up the child that he will be fine at school, it will be interesting, he will have many friends, he will enjoy learning something new, then the child will look forward to school as an interesting adventure in his life.

N.K. AiF.ru: At what age is it better to send a child to school, from six or still from seven?

S.K.: It is better to send a child to school from the age of 7, because, according to our psychologists who observed children who went to school early, many of them were not ready for educational activities. If in primary school they studied well due to the good memory that is present at this age, then in high school they already experienced difficulties, because other mechanisms were turned on there, such as logic, cause-and-effect relationships, and it was already difficult for them. Therefore, if you are in doubt - to give a child at 6 or at 7 years old, it is better to give at 7.

N.K. AiF.ru: What factors indicate that a child is ready for school?

S.K: If your child can work out on his own for 20-30 minutes, doing some kind of task. Not just playing or drawing what he wants, but doing the task. For example, circle a picture from dots, redraw something. This suggests that arbitrary functions are formed sufficiently for school classes. And psychological readiness can be tested in this way: ask the child if he wants to go to school. The child who is already ready, who has already formed a propensity for learning activities, will say: “I want to go to school because I will learn a lot of new things there.” He has a curiosity. A child who is not ready either does not want to go to school or talks about going there to play.

N.K. AiF.ru: School is a certain mode, how to accustom a child to it?

S.K.: It is imperative to observe the mode of getting up and going to bed, which will correspond to the time when he goes to school. That is, if a child is used to getting up at 10 or 11, and on the first of September he gets up at 7 in the morning, it will be stressful for him. Therefore, already in August, if the child is not accustomed to this, then it is necessary to teach him to get up on time for school. In all other respects, nothing special needs to be done.

N.K. AiF.ru: Svetlana, how do you feel about testing children for their inclination to the humanities or the exact sciences, is it necessary to do this?

S.K.: At an early age, the maturity of brain structures, general awareness is revealed. In principle, if parents have a desire, testing can be done. But then again, elementary school is more about process. Many parents want to shove a lot of knowledge into the child as early as possible, but the same mathematics, physics will sound later, when the child moves into high school. Therefore, in elementary school, it is better to choose not a school, but a teacher who will help the child adapt to school, love the process, and not discourage learning. In elementary school, it is this that is important, and not the knowledge that he will receive. It is important what base he gets, and special items can be studied later.

N.K. AiF.ru: How to minimize the stress of a child from a new environment and new students with whom he will meet on the first of September?

S.K.: There are many different ways, for example, you can make sure that the child goes to the first grade already having friends. To do this, you can meet several parents from your future class and, before the start of classes, arrange some joint trips to a cafe, a game center several times, so that the children can get to know each other, play, and laugh. That way, when they meet on the first of September, they will be good friends and their anxiety about what awaits them in the first grade will be relieved. In addition, to reduce anxiety, you can introduce the child to the teacher so that he knows who his teacher is before September 1, show him where his class is, where the toilet is, how to get from class to the toilet, how to ask for the toilet. If the child is anxious, if you know that he may have such difficulties, then it is better to play it, to form such a skill. Play school, where, for example, the child is a teacher, and the mother is a student. Or a bunny - a student who is afraid to go to the toilet. And such situations lose.

It is also good to play situations when the teacher asks and you are afraid to answer. Or the children are friends, you want to play with them and don't know how to approach, how to get to know each other. A child can be taught this, and then he already goes with the knowledge of how to enter into such social relations with the teacher and other children.

In the first grade, classmates can be children with a difference in age of up to two years. One only turned six and a half, others went to eight preparatory classes. Parents themselves decide whether to send their child to school immediately after kindergarten Or wait a year or two. There are three main parameters that indicate the degree of readiness of the child for school.

The child is motivated to learn

In addition to intellectual, physical, emotional and other development, there is also social development. In a normal life situation, up to a certain age, the child is merged with the mother. Gradually, he begins to physically and socially move away from her. By the age of three, he is already aware of his desires and is able to clearly explain himself, which means that he is still starting a small, but own life. At this age, children are often sent to kindergarten, where they begin to develop connections that should reach a new level by the age of five or six.

The games of the child are also transformed. At first he plays alone, then with dolls, objects, figurines, which he performs social roles, and he directs them. As the child gets older, he or she begins to take on different roles. This is how mother-daughter games, doctor, salesman or pilot games appear, which eventually become group games and begin to include elements of responsibility. The child is already able to answer for something and follow the rules.

Ideally, by the age of seven, he should have “played enough” and be ready to act according to the rules to achieve the result that seems to him necessary. It is necessary that the child had at least the beginning of educational motivation for school. If it doesn't exist at all, you can't go to school.

The child is able to concentrate

He must be able to physically sit out the lesson, not just restraining his impulses, but keeping his attention on what is happening, even if it is not interesting. At least for half an hour. A child who does not have this ability has two options for behavior: either he begins to actively move, gets up or, conversely, crawls under the desk, bullies classmates, or “falls out”. Without interfering with anyone, such a child sits quietly at a desk and even creates the illusion that he is listening to a teacher. In reality, his thoughts are somewhere far away, and only repeated shouting of the teacher can attract his attention.

This type of human development is not accidentally called emotional-volitional. Our will is based on understanding ourselves, our emotions. When we are aware of what is happening to us, we can better determine what we need to do with ourselves in order to achieve the desired result. To develop the will of the child, it is necessary to develop his emotions. For this, games to distinguish between sensations are good - hot-cold, hard-easy, fun-sad.

The child has developed intelligence and motor skills

Any violations in this area are most easily noticed. Almost all tests and tasks for preschoolers are aimed at their identification. The results are easily recorded in quantitative terms: I remembered so many words, read or counted them in such and such a time. In fact, when determining the readiness of the child for school, only this is checked.

But even here, today's children are not all smooth sailing. Experts point out that the percentage of first-graders with psychophysical infantilism is too high - a situation where a child, say, is seven years old, but looks and behaves like five. Its motor processes are underdeveloped. Not appropriate for age eye-hand coordination - vital important thing for learning. This is the ability to write, keeping the letters even and proportionate, and to read, fixing the gaze on a certain line. If the child's brain has not yet grown up to this, he is simply physically unable to do what is required of him, or he can only do it under very high stress and for a short time.