Latin is sometimes called a dead language. A language that has fallen out of living use and is preserved in written monuments, as an exception, is also in regulated use. Dead language - A language that has ceased to be a means of communication of a certain ethnic community, has lost carriers that transmitted given language naturally from generation to generation.

Many words in modern languages ​​have Latin roots, Latin is the basis of writing for many languages. Moreover, in some American schools, the Latin course is becoming more popular. It created many significant literary works, it was spoken and written in the Roman Empire, which influenced the development of all of Europe.

See what a "dead language" is in other dictionaries:

Although Latin language considered a dead language, that is, not used by people in everyday life, Latin occupies a very special place among other languages ​​of the planet. Latin is the official state language of the Vatican City State, and is used for Catholic religious worship. At the same time, the vitality of these proverbs and sayings suggests that that message of reason and wisdom from the depths of centuries to the present day has not been lost at all.

But is Latin really dead?

The Latin language itself, its study, translations from Latin into Russian also reveal to us huge cultural layers, hitherto unknown. No wonder, because from the time of antiquity until the very recent past, the Latin language was mandatory in many areas of the life of a European person. A useful conclusion can be drawn from Morozov's system: you need to get at least a little familiar with Latin, because the Latin language is the foundation and progenitor of the majority European languages.

After all, it is still spoken in the Catholic world, and not only in the Vatican. And most importantly - it is the language of science, literature, the language of traditions, medicine. And in general, if from many modern European languages ​​\u200b\u200bto remove all of them Latin basis(roots, endings, whole words and expressions), then what will remain of their rich vocabulary? The Russian language, which was formed many centuries after the collapse of the Roman Empire, absorbed the juices of beautiful Latin through the Western European languages.

And we believe in you, because you easily learned to speak a language that is much more difficult than English! Tired of being like everyone else? The best way stand out - knowledge of dead languages: this is an automatic pass to the club of misunderstood intellectuals.

Linguistic Encyclopedic Dictionary

At one time, Latin was much the same international language like English now. Nevertheless, Latin is the mother of the modern Romance languages ​​such as French, Spanish and Italian, as well as the aunt of many other European offshoots.

Now it is one of the most studied dead languages, therefore, it will not be any problem to take it up: you can find courses and even a tutor. We must give this oldest Indo-European whale its due - at over 3,000 years old, it is not quite dead yet. Several thousand Sanskrit speakers and understanders can be found in India, and it remains one of the country's 22 official languages.

But having mastered Sanskrit, you can start to Hindi, read the Vedas in the original and open the third eye. In addition, tattoos in exotic Sanskrit are much more original than in pop Latin. Volapyuk was the first project of a world language, its history lasted only a few decades and ended in failure.

A dead language is a language that was once written down, it was once spoken, but for various historical reasons it was not used and disappeared from active communication. And for this, too, thanks to the ancient, but flourishing languages. A large number of words in European (and not only) languages ​​have latin origin(see also international vocabulary).

Latin (or lingua Latina) is a language that is considered dead. It is one of the oldest written languages Indo-European family. Romance languages ​​originate from it, and this is French, and Italian, and Spanish with Portuguese, and a number of other languages. Many words in modern languages ​​have Latin roots, Latin is the basis of writing for many languages.

But is Latin really dead?

Of course, for more than a thousand years no one has spoken Latin as their first language. Even the best teachers Latin cannot use it in Everyday life. Latin has not been required for admission to universities for a long time, it is not popular among students.

But! Latin is still in use! Moreover, in some American schools, the Latin course is becoming more popular. Why do people learn this dead language?

Many significant literary works were created on it, it was spoken and written in the Roman Empire, which influenced the development of all of Europe. Latin is needed by linguists, historians, physicians and biologists, lawyers, chemists. Knowledge of Latin catchphrases increases the level of culture. Latin makes it possible to touch ancient culture, makes it easier to learn other Romance languages.
In addition, today the Latin language - official language Vatican, Holy See and Order of Malta.

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Is the Latin language dead?

But even the same Onegin, "not having a high passion" for literary pursuits, nevertheless
“... knew quite well in Latin,
To parse epigraphs,
Talk about Juvenal
Put vale at the end of the letter
Yes, I remember, though not without sin,
Two verses from the Aeneid.

That is, in the society to which Eugene belonged, they knew and studied the Latin language: they read Virgil's Aeneid, at the end of the letter the Latin vale set.

And here are the memoirs of Pushkin himself, from the same "Eugene Onegin":
“... read Apuleius willingly,
Didn't read Cicero...

At the Lyceum, reading Cicero, that brilliant orator and politician, was mandatory, so Pushkin could not help but read it. And Apuleius, the ancient Roman writer and rhetorician, Alexander Sergeevich read for his own pleasure. Many of Pushkin's contemporaries, like himself, used in their works latin words, appeals to Greek and Roman poets, ancient mythological characters. All this suggests that Latin did not "go out of fashion" in the 19th century.

Despite the fact that now the Latin language is considered a dead language, that is, not used by people in everyday life, Latin occupies a very special place among other languages ​​of the planet.

It cannot be called dead for the simple reason that, although not a single nation uses it today as a language of communication, nevertheless, the Latin language is widely used in special areas of human activity.

Among the ordinary inhabitants of the planet, who have nothing to do with science or medicine, the Latin language has firmly established itself in the cultural environment: as classic examples of proverbs and sayings that have rightfully entered all modern languages, as examples of the wisdom of ancient civilizations. At the same time, the vitality of these proverbs and sayings suggests that that message of reason and wisdom from the depths of centuries to the present day has not been lost at all.

The Latin language itself, its study, translations from Latin into Russian also reveal to us huge cultural layers, hitherto unknown. No wonder, because from the time of antiquity until the very recent past, the Latin language was mandatory in many areas of the life of a European person. Many works were written in Latin the greatest poets, writers and thinkers of the Renaissance: Giovanni Boccaccio, Petrarch, Leonardo da Vinci ...
The wisdom of the ancient world broadens one's horizons, brings up high morality, evokes associations with the events of recent history. Latin is not dead. Having stood the test of time, it continues to live in modern languages, scientific, technical, fiction and in journalism, in oral speech. Of interest are the sayings that are still used in fiction, journalism, and oral presentations by experienced speakers to this day. Acquaintance with them is useful to every educated person.

A priori- in advance, that is, before the results are received.
^ Conditio sine qua non- an indispensable condition, without which the event is impossible.

De facto- by virtue of the fact, really.
De iure- by virtue of law, legally.
^ Pro form- for appearances, formally.

Nota bene!- note, remember well. Abbreviated as N.V. Marked by the author in the margins of the manuscript or by the reader in the margins of the book.
^ Post scriptum after what was written. In short, P.S. Indicates postscript after the end of the letter.
status quo- the status quo.
status quo ante- a situation that existed before, that is, until a certain moment.
^ Verte- turn (the page), the same as "see. on the back." A mark that is placed in the lower right corner of the page.
Vade mecum Literally, come with me. AT modern meaning- a guide-reference book, which in many languages ​​is called - vademekum.
^ Persona grata- Desirable person. Refers to guests of honor, outstanding people who enjoy universal respect.
Persona nongrata- an undesirable person, those whom society does not accept. Declaring someone persona non grata in diplomatic language means expulsion from the country.
^ Et cetera- and so on (abbreviated - etc).
Lapsus memoriae- memory error. The Russified word "lapse" refers to any random error, wrong step.
Sapienti sat- Reasonable is enough. Used when everything is clear and no additional arguments are needed.
Alibi- in the other place. Currently, an alibi is a legal

proof of the innocence of the suspect in the crime, who at the time of the crime was in another place.

Many catchphrases are widely used today.
^ Ab ovo usque ad mala from eggs to apples. Meaningful from start to finish. Often used in an abbreviated version - ab ovo (from the egg), that is, from the beginning. The origin of this saying is due to the fact that the Romans lunch began with eggs and ended with fruit.
^ Oh, sancta simplicitas! Oh, holy simplicity! It is used as a response to a naive or illiterate statement or behavior of a gullible person, maliciously misled. Attributed to Jan Hus (1371-1415), the ideologist of the Czech Reformation, who was burned at the stake by the Inquisition. The martyred Gus uttered these words when a woman from the crowd threw a log into the blazing fire.
^ Contra spem spero- I hope without hope.
Malo mori quom foedari Better death than dishonor. Honour dearer than life- this idea is repeated in various variations in many sayings.
Veni, vidi, vici I came, I saw, I conquered. With these words, Julius Caesar (100-44 BC) announced his victory at the Battle of Zela over the Pontic king. In our time, it is used with the success of any business - a report, a concert, sports, a lawsuit, etc.

^ Homo sum, humani nihil a me alentum puto [homo sum, humani nihil and me lienum puto]. I am a man, nothing human is alien to me (from Terence).

Festina lente Hurry slowly, that is, do it quickly, but carefully, without haste.
^ Finis coronat opus- the end crowns the deed, the end crowns the deed.
Manus manum lavat- hand washes hand. Means mutual responsibility, which the Romans knew long before modern corrupt officials.
^ Panem et circenses!- Meal'n'Real! According to the satirist poet Juvenal (I-II centuries AD), this was the main requirement of the Roman crowd. As history has shown, the tastes of the crowd differ in constancy.
^ Repetitio est mater studiorum Repetition is the mother of learning. One of the unchanging principles of pedagogy.
A nicus Plato, sed magis amica veritas[amikus Plyato, sed magis amika varitas]. Plato is my friend, but the truth is dearer (words attributed to Aristotle).

Audi, vide, sile[audi, video, power]. Listen, look and be silent. If you listen, look and be silent, thoughts about life are born.

^ Cogito, ergo sum[cogito, ergo sum]. I think, therefore I exist.
The author of this saying is René Descartes, a French philosopher of the 17th century.

Dum spiro, spero[dum spiro, spero]. While I breathe, I hope. Wonderful phrase! It would be nice for each of us to remember it. Because hope dies last.

Dixi[dixie] I said; I spoke out. And this, as a rule, is pronounced at the end of a speech. Everything is short and clear.

^ Ad Hominem
Such an expression means criticism of the opponent, not related to his opinion, but rather to reputation, that is, in our opinion it will be “Who are you anyway!?”.

^ Fortunam suam quisque parat[fortunam suam kviskve parat]. Everyone finds his own happiness.

Feci quod potui, faciant meliora potentes[faci quod potui, faciant melior potentes]. I did what I could, whoever can, let him do better.

^ Ne cede malis[ne tsede malis]. Do not lose heart in misfortune.

Nil desperandum[nil desparandum]. Never despair.

Omnia vincit amor[omnia vincit amor]. Love conquers everything. Do you agree: love conquers everything?

^ Volens nolens[volence nolens]. Willy-nilly.

Volo, non-valeo[will, non valeo]. I want to, but I can't.

Is the Latin language dead? The state itself - dead - tells us that this language is a living organism: it is born, develops ... and dies. A language dies when there are no people left on earth who would speak it, use it every day. The speakers of this language no longer exist, and from this point of view, it is dead. However, he did not share the fate of other dead languages. It remained in many other languages ​​of the world, in the terminology of physicians, biologists, zoologists and lawyers ... Latin managed to have a strong influence on almost all areas of life, and it is in them that it continues to live

Describing the languages ​​of the world, linguists use various classification principles. Languages ​​are combined into groups according to the geographical (territorial) principle, according to the proximity of the grammatical structure, on the basis of linguistic relevance, and use in everyday speech.

Using the latter criterion, researchers divide all the languages ​​of the world into two large groups - living and dead languages ​​of the world. The main feature of the former is their use in everyday language practice by a relatively large community of people (people). Living language is constantly used in everyday communication, changes, becomes more complex or simplified over time.

The most noticeable changes occur in the vocabulary (vocabulary) of the language: a part acquires an archaic color, and, on the contrary, more and more new words (neologisms) appear to denote new concepts. Other systems of the language (morphological, phonetic, syntactic) are more inert, changing very slowly and inconspicuously.

A dead language, unlike a living one, is not used in everyday language practice. All its systems are immutable, they are conserved, unchanging elements. Dead language, captured in various written monuments.
All dead languages ​​can be divided into two large groups: firstly, those that were once, in the distant past, used for live communication and subsequently, for various reasons, ceased to be used in live human communication (Latin, Ancient Greek, Coptic, Old Norse, Gothic). The second group of dead languages ​​are those that no one has ever spoken; they were created specifically to perform certain functions (for example, Old Slavonic language- the language of Christian liturgical texts). A dead language is most often transformed into some kind of living, actively used one (for example, ancient Greek gave way to modern languages and dialects of Greece).

It occupies a very special place among the rest. Without a doubt, Latin is a dead language: in a living speaking practice it has not been used since about the sixth century AD. But, on the other hand, Latin has found the widest application in pharmaceuticals, medicine, scientific terminology, Catholic worship (Latin is the official "state" language of the Holy See and the State of the Vatican). As you can see, "dead" Latin is actively used in various spheres of life, science, and knowledge. All serious philological higher educational establishments necessarily include Latin in the course of study, thus preserving the traditions of classical liberal education. In addition, this dead language is the source of short and capacious aphorisms that have passed through the centuries: if you want peace, prepare for war; memento Mori; doctor, heal yourself - all these idioms"originally" from Latin. Latin is a very logical and harmonious language, cast, without frills and verbal husks; it is not only used for utilitarian purposes (writing recipes, forming a scientific thesaurus), but is also, to some extent, a model, a language standard.

Latin is one of the most amazing languages. It is considered dead, as it has long gone out of colloquial use, but it is taught at universities, used in the scientific community, and many words from Latin are still in use. The Latin language is partly dead, and partly preserved as the language of science, medicine, terms.

Latin language

Latin, or Latin, is one of the oldest Indo-European languages who had writing. It appeared among the peoples of ancient Italy around the second millennium BC, displaced other languages ​​spoken by the Italians, and became the main one in the west of the Mediterranean. The language reached its greatest flourishing in the first century BC, when the development of the so-called classical Latin began - literary language, on which Cicero, Horace, Virgil, Ovid wrote. Latin improved simultaneously with the development of Rome and its formation as the largest state in the Mediterranean.

Further, this language survived the periods of postclassic and late Latin, in which similarities with the new Romance languages ​​were already outlined. In the 4th century, medieval Latin was formed, which was significantly influenced by Christianity. The Bible was translated into Latin, and since then it has become a sacred language. All theological works were written on it. Renaissance figures also used Latin to write their works: Leonardo da Vinci, Petrarch, Boccaccio wrote in it.

Latin is a dead language

Gradually, the Latin language disappeared from the speech of people; in the Middle Ages, more and more often as spoken language local dialects were used, but Latin lived in religious texts, scientific treatises, biographies and other works. The rules for pronunciation of sounds were forgotten, the grammar changed a little, but the Latin language lived on.

It can be officially called a dead language since the 6th century, after the fall of the Roman Empire, when barbarian states began to flourish and Latin gradually fell out of everyday use. Dead language linguists call a language that does not exist in everyday life, is not used in live oral communication, but exists in the form of written monuments. If there is not a single person who speaks the language as if it were their own, then the language is considered dead.

But Latin is a special dead language, which can be called such with a stretch. The fact is that it is still actively used in many areas of life. Latin is widely used in medicine and biology, as well as in other sciences, but even in ordinary life people still use some proverbs and sayings in Latin.

In addition, Latin is actively used by the Catholic Church, it is the official language of the Vatican, the Holy See and the Order of Malta.

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