Recently there has been a lot of noise about Indian languages ​​and their localization. Almost everyone knows that India is a growing country with a huge economy and over a billion people. We firmly believe that India is a new force and localization needs will grow every year. at the beginning.

So let's take a quick look at the languages ​​in the country. What is the national language of India? If you answered in Hindi, think again! India has no national language, and even no official languages. On the one hand, one language would help unite a huge population, but on the other hand, they realized that it would be difficult for everyone to accept only one language at the expense of their regional ones. The first candidate was Hindustani, the language now known as Hindi and Urdu. He received the support of Mahatma Gandhi, but after the collapse to India and Pakistan, the Urdu case became weaker, as most of the Arab literate population remained.

Despite being planned, this decision led to strong protests from groups who felt that Hindi was being forced on them, especially in states in the south where most people spoke languages ​​of the Dravidian family that were very different from Hindi. Currently, the basis of the official status of languages ​​in India remains the constitution, along with various amendments, especially the so-called Eighth Schedule. It includes 22 languages ​​and each Indian state and union territory can decide which one it wants to adapt.

The map below shows the main official languages ​​of each Indian state and territory. How do you say "sorry" Lebanese? Answer: "I'm sorry" or "I'm sorry." If you try your luck with the Arabic word "Afuan", you will find yourself - pointed out - already as a foreigner. In Lebanon, a state equal to half the size of the Hessian, Eastern and Western elements of culture is mixed, unlike any other country in the Middle East. The official official language is Arabic. In addition, French is widely spoken and more and more English.

Walking the streets of the vibrant capital of Beirut, you see road signs in Arabic and French, advertisements in English language or a colorful combination of all three languages. First of all, the young educated classes in Beirut are fluent in all three languages. In conversations, people mingle happily. If you go on a small city tour of Beirut, it will become clear that this city cannot be more diverse.

Many Faces of Beirut The predominantly Christian Ashrafieh neighborhood in East Beirut is home to many Lebanese who, of course, speak French. Even in the small street shops in the area, most of the vendors speak English or French fluently. As such, this residential area also seems to have proven itself to many western foreigners who also contribute to the language mix. Especially in the chic and proportioned expensive language in the city center has another function.

What languages ​​are used in South Africa

It serves to demarcate and emphasize one's own education. French chic, English is necessary in business. Here you can show what you have. Fat cars, expensive clothes, or just a great workout you enjoyed. If you drive from the city center to the western district of Hamra, not only the architecture of luxury new buildings changes to a colorful mix of styles. In the shopping and nightlife area of ​​Beirut, you can hear more Arabic and English. The latter is mainly associated with the American University of Beirut, which enjoys an outstanding reputation in the Middle East.

When you enter the green campus, you feel like you are in an American cinema. American football is practiced on a sports field, and the palms are reminiscent of Los Angeles. Therefore, it seems that you are in a completely different city, especially when you visit the Muslim quarters in the west. If you want to talk to people, it helps to speak several Arabic languages. This language mix has both historical and socio-political experience. After the collapse Ottoman Empire Lebanon was under French mandate.

During this time, French was taught in private and public schools. But this was not without resistance: especially Muslims and Greek Orthodox Christians saw in the language issue the partisanship of France for the Christian Maronites, who always supported a good relationship with France. Language, ethnicity and, above all, history developed into central issues. Mostly Christian-French educational institutions refused to introduce Arabic for fear of religious and cultural assimilation.

"Lebanese" was supported, but the linguistic "Arabizar" was rejected. Denominational affiliation has become established as a fundamental element in the education system. This has changed little to this day. Arabic is prohibited! At the playground in primary school we were only allowed to speak French. Arabic has been banned, says Joseph Kai, a freelance graphic designer in Beirut. Graduated in French and Arabic. He chose English as his second foreign language at school. Joseph recalls that his father once worried that his children would learn Arabic.

Common languages ​​by counties in South Africa

Therefore, only Arabic should be spoken at home, which he still speaks to most of his parents and friends. Sometimes French and English phrases are mixed, but Arabic remains his mother tongue, in which he can most easily express himself. Looking at the Lebanese education system, it becomes clear that learning foreign languages is still a top priority. Nearly two-thirds of Lebanese students study French, about one third - in English. Those who can afford it send their children to private schools that follow either the French or the American model.

Overall, Lebanon has one of the highest literacy rates in the entire Middle East. However, this should not hide the existing shortcomings in the Lebanese education system. Even today, many schools and universities educational establishments religious communities are responsible. There are few mixed denominational schools and universities.

Although public schools are generally non-denominational, one denomination is often dominated by the neighborhood, and thus the public schools in the area. However, this mainly concerns the already economically weak and poor regions of Lebanon. These include, above all, the Bekaa plain and northern Lebanon. Here are a few who are fluent in French or English. The gap in education between the capital and the rest of the country is large. Thus, compulsory education in three languages ​​says little about real skill.

Critics of trilingual education also complain about high rejection rates and partly poor proficiency in all three languages. Especially the French have a lot of students. In recent years, this language has become increasingly unpopular, while English is on the rise. This is not only due to easier language learning. One of the main reasons is economics: English is the number one business language. You won't get far without English. Another reason is undoubtedly the eternal cultural influence West to Lebanon: American movies and series flicker on TV screens.

Developments recent years make it clear that language and writing are constantly changing. Lebanon - good example this. The wild language mix is ​​also a reflection of Lebanese culture. A bit of everything: East and West. Open to new influences while at the same time defending conservative denominational thought patterns. Mix languages ​​and at the same time separate groups. "This is Lebanon!" Karina Valda and her grandmother live in the same country, but they share worlds. Her grandmother is a part of Karina's life - and yet they couldn't even speak properly.

India: field irrigation using a mobile phone China: citizens conquer the network - under the watchful eye of the party. Over 500 in the world spoken languages. One of them disappears every ten days, at least half of which are likely to be endangered, especially minority languages.

It's the same in Bolivia, despite Evo Morales. After all, his government has now made the old languages ​​compulsory subjects. If Karina Valda was still in school, she would probably be studying Quechua today. The instructions are an integral part of the product. Do you know where, in what language should be attached?

What form of education in what language? The operating instructions must be available in the original or as a translation along with the original. Both should be marked accordingly. The translation must be accompanied by the original instructions so that the user can consult them if there is any doubt about the correctness of the translation.