Kulikova A.

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Research project in psychology "The meaning of color in human life" Project author: Anna Kulikova, student of the 7th grade Head: Voronova E.E.

Introduction From our birth to our very last day our lives, we are accompanied by various colors. We see them every day and do not try to focus our attention on it all the time. We choose colorful beautiful clothes, furniture, interiors and much more, just based on the understanding of “like - dislike”. We do not even notice how colors affect our lives, our behavior, mood, character every day. Color is a mysterious phenomenon. Even in sleep and with our eyes closed, we can't stop seeing colors. Color is the source of many paradoxes of thinking. By the way, the main postulate of the council of doctors at the court of ancient Chinese emperors is interesting. This one of the most ancient laws said: all shades of red are responsible for the physical health of the body, blue tones help to "tune" the mind, yellow gamma is responsible for the state of mind. I really want to analyze the choice and preference of colors in people of different ages. That is why I chose the topic “Color in human life”. Throughout the study, we learn the relationship between color and the emotional state of a person, as well as the influence of a person's age on color choice.

The purpose of the work: to study the effect of color on behavior and emotional condition human, influence age features to a particular color preference. Research objectives: To study theoretical basis question. To study the priority color in people of different ages. To study the relationship between the emotional state of a person and color preferences. Develop recommendations for the use of colors in clothing and interior design. Research methods: literature study, analysis of various sources, observation, questioning, synthesis, experiment. Object of study: colors. Research hypotheses: each age level has a preference for a certain color, the color affects the behavior and emotional state of a person.

Color in human life Color effect Few of us think what role color plays in life, but meanwhile, not only the perception of the world around us, but also our mood depends on it. Do you want to be in harmony with yourself and the world? Colors can have physical and mental effects. Indeed, our life is unthinkable without the richness and charm of colored forms. Color is able to please and upset, it can affect our well-being and ability to work. Green color resurrects the thought of the refreshing effect of nature. The blue color, perhaps, evokes in us an idea associated with touching cold water, the breath of a dark night. The effect of color is quite strong and spontaneous only if it is the result of an intellectual interpretation. Parents are not often imbued with the saturation of colors in the drawings of children, and therefore lose control over emotional experiences child, which subsequently develop into neurosis, negativism, unwillingness to learn, and later to live with someone. The most ordinary drawing will help to detect and resolve the conflict in the child's soul. Most often it is used for correction by psychologists. And this happens both in schools and in special institutions. Drawing, according to psychologist Oksana Litvinenko, also helps adults. Therefore, draw more often, especially after nervous excitement. It works much more effectively than sedative tranquilizers. And if you see thick strokes of dark colors in your works, especially gray, black, dark brown, destroy (burn) such drawings, as if cutting off everything bad from your "I".

Characteristics of colors The perception of colors and shades can be compared to a musician tuning his instrument. All shades are capable of evoking elusive responses and moods in a person’s soul, which is why he seeks the resonance of the vibrations of color waves with the inner echoes of his soul. There are 2 main groups into which colors are divided. These are the colors of the Warm scale, and the colors of the Cold scale. Warm colors are: Red, yellow, orange, brown and all their shades, as you know. They create for those who look at them or wear them, a feeling of coziness, comfort, relaxation, peace, cause a feeling of closeness, emotional attraction. Cold tones, which include all shades of blue, blue, green, purple, gray, make us be more collected and active. But at the same time, they can cause people around you to feel distance, closeness, detachment. Characteristics of colors Since ancient times, when a person gained the ability to perceive the beauty of the world around him, his attention was riveted to the magic of color.

Red Since ancient times, people have shown a special passion for the color red. In many languages, the same word denotes the color red and, in general, everything beautiful, beautiful. Among the Polynesians, the word "red" is synonymous with the word "beloved." In China, a sincere, frank person is called a "red heart", while the heart of an evil, treacherous person is black. Red is primarily associated with blood and fire. Its symbolic meanings are very diverse and contradictory. Red symbolizes joy, beauty, love and the fullness of life, and on the other hand - enmity, revenge, war, is associated with aggressiveness and carnal desires. Red is the main heraldic color. On the banners, it symbolizes rebellion, revolution, struggle, independence. Red encourages people to make quick decisions. Red color also fills with energy and courage, gives a feeling of strength, thanks to which you can accomplish what you have planned. This is why politicians often wear red ties, especially before presidential elections. Red evokes strong emotions, including passion. But in home decor, there are limits to red: use it only in rooms where you intend to work or spend time in conversations - in living rooms (if you use red for a dining room, be prepared for guests to eat twice as much). Red color is preferable for walk-through rooms where you do not need to spend a lot of time - in halls and corridors. In the nursery, it can lead to insomnia. Red captures attention and brings objects painted in it to the fore. Red is the first color you lose sight of at dusk; it is indistinguishable at long distances.

White White color symbolizes purity, spotlessness, innocence, virtue, joy. He is associated with daylight and heavenly bodies, as well as with the generative force that is embodied in milk and eggs. The concept of the generally accepted, legal, true is associated with whiteness. In the Christian tradition, white denotes kinship with the divine light. Angels, saints and righteous people are depicted in white. White is associated with purity, innocence, virtue and loyalty. No wonder it is popular at weddings. Before the advent of washing machines, only wealthy people could afford white clothes. It was assumed that a person in white clothes had a high social status - he did not have to do dirty manual labor. White color symbolizes truth and justice. Since childhood, we know that the "knight in white" will always come to the rescue. White is the color of innocence and purity. At Slavic peoples white color symbolizes sincerity, purity of soul and thoughts. People who are attracted to white are constantly in search of themselves and striving for perfection.

Black Black symbolizes misfortune, grief, mourning, the death of everything that moves and breathes. Black is associated with darkness and earth and is the true emblem of everything hidden, secret and unknown. Many peoples associate blackness with night, and night with evil and witchcraft. At night human life is exposed greatest danger. If a "black tie" is indicated on the invitation cards, this emphasizes the importance of the event and conveys information that the costume must be strict, since the meeting will be official. Black is authoritarian and in large doses can give the impression of aggressiveness. Black is considered conservative and respectful. It seems to people that black figures weigh more than the same white figures.

Yellow Psychologists say that yellow is the happiest color on the spectrum, it inspires optimism and joy. The association with the sun gives yellow a special aura, denotes wisdom, intelligence, imagination, a tendency to spontaneity. Yellow color is instantly registered by the brain, stimulating its work and nervous system. A high degree of yellow visibility promotes fast, clear thinking. Yellow brings other colors to life, making hot colors dazzling and bringing cool colors back to life. That's why this color is a favorite in home interiors, filling any room with warmth and light. The most common use of yellow is in the kitchen and dining room - it helps increase appetite. In small doses, yellow helps create a happy atmosphere for friendly conversations, but prolonged proximity to bright lemon can cause brain overexcitation and anxiety. Yellow is the happiest color, it represents warmth, optimism and joy. Yellow actively protrudes into space, and therefore is considered the most noticeable color; it is preferred for road signs and various types of packaging. Yellow stimulates clear thinking. Yellow activates other colors, making hot colors radiant and enlivening cool colors. The abundance of yellow can tire. Its muted tones are conducive to communication, while its golden tones are associated with the idea of ​​wealth. Yellow, as a symbol of the sun, relieves stress and gives hope. A stream of yellow light symbolizes warmth and comfort and strengthens the nerves.

Blue Blue is the color of the sky and the sea. It combines some kind of contradiction of excitement and peace, causes a feeling of cold and reminds of a shadow. The blue surface seems to move away from the person, captivates the eye into the depths. For many peoples, the blue color symbolized the sky and eternity. In Christian culture, it is associated with incomprehensible mysteries, with eternal divine truth. For romantics, blue is the color of dreams and longing for an unearthly ideal. Blue can also symbolize kindness, fidelity, constancy, location, and in the language of heraldry it means chastity, honesty, good fame and fidelity. "Blue blood" speaks of a noble origin. If blue is your favorite color, then you are in good company. Blue is the most beloved of all colors. Indeed, if you stubbornly look at the blue color, then this leads to a decrease in the frequency of the pulse and respiration and, for some time, lowers blood pressure. Before the invention of refrigerators, when food was stored in kitchens and pantries, these spaces were painted cobalt to repel insects, which are noted to avoid blue. Blue color in kitchens is popular in our time. During the election campaign, politicians, wanting to inspire confidence, often wear blue suits. Bright blues are ideal for outfits that you can wear to a party or social event, in which case you will get all the latest gossip, because you will be more frank than others. Dark blue tones are associated with high social status, stability and dignity.

Green Green is the color of grass and leaves. For many nations, it symbolized youth, hope and fun, although sometimes immaturity, insufficient perfection. The green color is extremely material and has a calming effect, but it can also produce a depressing impression (it is no coincidence that longing is called "green", and the person himself "turns green" with anger). This color is associated with ideas about life and growth, is considered relaxing, has healing properties, the ability to soothe and refresh. The more muted the green color, the higher its calming properties. This is one of the reasons why hospital walls are painted the colors of sea foam. Intense green is the color of mature trees, tall and stable. This color is often found in the offices of lawyers and financiers. And in general, this is the color of money! Olive is associated with power and is used by the military, while green grass evokes new life and growth and symbolizes fertility. Shades of green can be used harmoniously in home decor. Bright green will bring into the house a sense of the pulse of natural, natural life and "open" the interior to the park surrounding the house. Green scales are refreshing, which makes them indispensable in kitchens. Pale green evokes a nice clear feeling and is ideal for the nooks and crannies of the home - bathrooms and bedrooms. The green color combines humility, sophistication and a sense of antiseptic cleanliness, which is why it is used in the decoration of resorts. Shades of green give a feeling of cleanliness and freshness, they are especially popular on cosmetic boxes. In general, products in green packaging are perceived as environmentally friendly. Pale green is a soothing and relaxing color. It helps improve vision. Dark green colors are associated with stability and growth. Around the world, green is a symbol of safety. Therefore, it is adopted to indicate the beginning of movement in traffic lights. People who prefer green are reliable and generous. Green is the color of hope, naturalness and freshness. Green color calms, and its abundance can cause depression, "green longing". Green lovers are modest, restrained, patient and not prone to violent manifestation of their feelings.

Experimental work Stages of research 1. At the beginning of research work I found and studied material about the meaning of colors, their characteristics and the influence of color on the emotional state and behavior of people. 2. Then I decided to test my hypothesis that each age level has a preference for a certain color. To do this, a survey was conducted among the students. primary school, younger teenagers, students of the senior teenage and youthful age and school teachers. The study involved: - students of junior school age(7-10 years old) - 3 pm - junior adolescence(11-14 years old) - 15 hours - senior adolescents and youth (15-18 years old) - 15 hours - adults from 30 to 45 years old - 15 hours

Primary school students prefer red and blue-blue colors. Red expresses vitality, activity, means all sorts of inclinations and aspirations to get results and achieve success, impulsiveness, the will to win. Blue means complete calm, contentment, peace. He personifies the bonds by which a person binds himself to others; association, a sense of community. Red - blue - harmony and activity in cooperation, emotional satisfaction, cooperation and mutual understanding for the benefit of creation.

Middle school students prefer blue and black colors. Blue means complete calm, contentment, peace. He personifies the bonds by which a person binds himself to others; association, a sense of community. Black always hides in itself everything that it carries; he is "mysterious". It is associated with curiosity, it attracts, frightens. Black color always challenges a person to try to free his essence, that is, a person must go through black in order to know how much white is in it.

High school students prefer red and black colors. The red color represents power, he always achieves what he wants. He is always in motion, always a source of energy. It symbolizes passion, excites passion, i.e. loves passionately, hates passionately and believes passionately. He is characterized by maximum in feelings. Black always hides in itself everything that it carries; he is "mysterious". It is associated with curiosity, it attracts, frightens. Black color always challenges a person to try to free his essence, that is, a person must go through black in order to know how much white is in it. Red-black - dramatization, impulsive excessive desires.

The teachers of the Gavrilov school prefer blue (and shades of blue) and red (and shades of red). People who prefer blue color try to put everything in order, systematize. They always have their own point of view; dedicated to what they do. Blue color is constancy, perseverance, perseverance, devotion, dedication, seriousness, rigor. Red expresses vitality, activity, means all sorts of inclinations and aspirations to get results and achieve success, impulsiveness, the will to win. Conclusion: my hypothesis that each age level has a preference for a certain color turned out to be correct and the color characteristic confirms this.

Conclusions: 1. The study of the relevant literature showed that each color has its own symbolism and its own psychological characteristics. Green is the color of hope, naturalness and freshness. Green color calms, and its abundance can cause depression, "green longing". White is the color of innocence and purity. People who are attracted to white are constantly in search of themselves and striving for perfection. Black is the color of mystery, sadness, evil and death. Creative personalities, philosophers of life prefer to dress in black. Yellow color excites and creates a good mood. People who are attracted to yellow are open to everything new. They have good analytical skills and a sharp mind. Blue calms, cools, relaxes and pacifies. Love for the blue color speaks of conscientiousness and honesty. Red is the color of life, joy, strength and health. People who prefer red are impulsive, energetic - they are true lovers of discussions and disputes. 2. Depending on age, each person prefers a certain color: Primary school students - red, blue, which indicates the activity of this age and the desire to succeed. Younger teenagers - blue and black, means a sense of community and contradictions, the desire to know everything unknown. Older teenagers and young men - red, black, which indicates the drama and impulsiveness of this age. Adults (teachers) are blue and red, which indicates that they have their own point of view on everything that surrounds them, conscientiousness and rigor, impulsiveness and activity.

Thank you for your attention!

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MBOU "Gavrilovskaya Sosh"

Research project

Psychology

"The meaning of color in human life"

Kulikova, Anna

7th grade student

Supervisor:

Voronova E.E.,

educational psychologist

Gavrilovka village

2014

Introduction: the relevance of the issue, the theme of the project, the purpose and objectives of the work ..3

1. Color in human life……………………………………………...5

1. Color effect ....……………………………………….5
2. Color scheme………………………………………………...6
3. Characteristics of primary colors…………………………….7

Red…………………………………………………………..7

White…………………………………………………………..9

Black………………………………………………………….10

Yellow………………………………………………………….12

Blue……………………………………………………………12

Green…………………………………………………………14

1. Experimental work………………………………………15

1. Stages of research………………………………………….15
2. Research results…………………………………….16

1. Conclusion (conclusions)…….…………………………………….…18

Literature ……………………………………………………………..21

Application …………………………………………………………..........22

Introduction

From our very birth until the very last day of our life, we are accompanied by various colors. We see them every day and do not try to focus our attention on it all the time. We choose colorful beautiful clothes, furniture, interiors and much more, just based on the understanding of “like - dislike”. We do not even notice how colors affect our lives from day to day,our behavior , mood, character.

Color is a mysterious phenomenon. Even in sleep and with our eyes closed, we can't stop seeing colors. Color is the source of many paradoxes of thinking.
Believe it or not, the color of your clothes can help you get promoted, convince in an argument, challenge friends to a frank conversation, improve your well-being, emotional state. The colors of clothes can give us confidence, strength, or vice versa, create a feeling of awkwardness. This applies not only to the field of clothing, but also to the decoration of your home, advertising. Colors in the home encourage or discourage family conversation and can even cause insomnia.

Since color affects people's behavior, it makes sense to understand how and why certain reactions to color occur?

It just so happened that a person sees the world in colors. Color is present in almost everything, so it is fair that it affects a person in the same way as everything else. Many do not notice that color is a real miracle - a great gift sent to us from above. And only a few can comprehend all its diversity and power.

By the way, the main postulate of the council of doctors at the court of ancient Chinese emperors is interesting. This one of the most ancient laws said: all shades of red are responsible for the physical health of the body, blue tones help to "tune" the mind, yellow gamma is responsible for the state of mind. I really want to analyze the choice and preference of colors in people of different ages.

That's why I chosetopic "Color in human life."

Throughout the study, we learn the relationship between color and the emotional state of a person, as well as the influence of a person's age on color choice.

Objective: to study the influence of color on the behavior and emotional state of a person, the influence of age characteristics on the preference for a certain color.

Research objectives:

1. To study the theoretical basis of the question.
2. To study the priority color in people of different ages.
3. To study the relationship between the emotional state of a person and color preferences.
4. Develop recommendations for the use of colors in clothing and interior design.

Research methods:study of literature, analysis of various sources, observation, questioning, synthesis, experiment.

Object of study: color spectrum.

Research hypotheses:each age level has a preference for a certain color, the color has an impact on the behavior and emotional state of a person.

1. Color in human life

1. color effect

Few of us think about the role that color plays in life, but meanwhile, not only the perception of the world around us, but also our mood depends on it. Do you want to be in harmony with yourself and the world?

"All living things strive for color," the great Johann Wolfgang Goethe once said. Goethe developed the concept of color: all dark colors soothe, light ones excite. Blue comes out of darkness, yellow comes out of light. These are the main colors, the rest come from them. Colors can have physical and mental effects. Indeed, our life is unthinkable without the richness and charm of colored forms. Color is able to please and upset, it can affect our well-being and ability to work. Representatives of various sciences have long noticed the power of the effect of color on a person: many philosophers and physicists, physiologists and doctors, psychologists again and again turned to the problem of color, tried to solve it - each in his own way, more often by touch, intuitively. At the cradle of floriculture stood the greatest minds of mankind - Aristotle, Leonardo da Vinci, Newton, Goethe, and later - I.P. Pavlov, S.N. Vavilov and many others.

There is an opinion that the expressiveness of color is based on associations. The red color excites because it reminds us of the phenomena associated with fire, with blood. Green color resurrects the thought of the refreshing effect of nature. The blue color, perhaps, evokes in us an idea associated with touching cold water, the breath of a dark night.

However, as the well-known American art psychologist Rudolf Ariheim quite rightly asserts, the associative theory in the study of color gives as little as in other areas of knowledge. The effect of color is quite strong and spontaneous only if it is the result of an intellectual interpretation.

Max Luscher, the world famous Swiss psychotherapist, was the first to create color diagnostics in the 20th century. Intuitively preferring or rejecting certain colors, a person appears as he really is. It can be said that the color choice cannot lie.

Parents are rarely imbued with the saturation of colors in the children's drawings, and therefore lose control over the child's emotional experiences, which subsequently develop into neurosis, negativism, unwillingness to learn, and subsequently live with someone. The most ordinary drawing will help to detect and resolve the conflict in the child's soul. Most often it is used for correction by psychologists. And this happens both in schools and in special institutions.
Drawing, according to psychologist Oksana Litvinenko, also helps adults. Therefore, draw more often, especially after nervous excitement. It works much more effectively than sedative tranquilizers. And if you see thick strokes of dark colors in your works, especially gray, black, dark brown, destroy (burn) such drawings, as if cutting off everything bad from your "I".

1. Characteristics of the color scheme

The perception of colors and shades can be compared to a musician tuning his instrument. All shades are capable of evoking elusive responses and moods in a person’s soul, which is why he seeks the resonance of the vibrations of color waves with the inner echoes of his soul.

There are 2 main groups into which colors are divided. These are the colors of the Warm scale, and the colors of the Cold scale. Let's take a closer look at their impact on us.

Warm colors are: Red, yellow, orange, brown and all their shades, as you know. They create for those who look at them or wear them, a feeling of coziness, comfort, relaxation, peace, cause a feeling of closeness, emotional attraction.

Cold tones, which include all shades of blue, blue, green, purple, gray, make us be more collected and active. But at the same time, they can cause people around you to feel distance, closeness, detachment.

1. Color characteristics

Since those ancient times, when a person gained the ability to perceive the beauty of the world around him, his attention was riveted to the magic of color.

Red. Since ancient times, people have shown a special passion for the color red. In many languages, the same word denotes the color red and, in general, everything beautiful, beautiful. Among the Polynesians, the word "red" is synonymous with the word "beloved." In China, a sincere, frank person is called a "red heart", while the heart of an evil, treacherous person is black. Red is primarily associated with blood and fire. Its symbolic meanings are very diverse and contradictory. Red symbolizes joy, beauty, love and the fullness of life, and on the other hand - enmity, revenge, war, is associated with aggressiveness and carnal desires. Red is the main heraldic color. On the banners, it symbolizes rebellion, revolution, struggle, independence. It is interesting that among many tribes of Africa, America and Australia, warriors, preparing for a fight, painted their bodies and faces red. Carthaginians and Spartans wore red clothes during the war. Healing properties were also attributed to the red color, the ability to resist the evil eye and witchcraft, red threads, fabrics, corals, flowers and plants help from evil spirits and the evil eye. The Chinese tied something red to children's hands, accustoming them to look at this color as the best protective agent against evil spirits. In many countries, women tie their hands with red thread so that they do not get sick and no one jinxes them. Red also means power, greatness. In Byzantium, only the empress had the right to wear red boots. The Emperor signed in purple ink and sat on a purple throne. For many peoples, red symbolizes the south, flame and heat.

Red color speaks of danger, excitement, passion, strength, aggression and success. This is not only an emotional, but also a physiological reaction. The color red causes shock, it completely captures attention and requires effort to perceive. Focusing on red leads to an increase in heart rate and blood pressure. Ever wondered why so many fast food restaurants are painted red? This color activates the salivary glands, which leads to feelings of hunger and tires the eyes, causing us to eat more and then leave the room faster. Due to its powerful effect on your nervous system, red can make you restless and restless. Casino owners have noticed that people bet more and play more risky with red, and therefore it is used in sectors where they play big. Red encourages people to make quick decisions. Red color also fills with energy and courage, gives a feeling of strength, thanks to which you can accomplish what you have planned. This is why politicians often wear red ties, especially before presidential elections. Red evokes strong emotions, including passion. But in home decor, there are limits to red: use it only in rooms where you intend to work or spend time in conversations - in living rooms (if you use red for a dining room, be prepared for guests to eat twice as much). Red color is preferable for walk-through rooms where you do not need to spend a lot of time - in halls and corridors. In the nursery, it can lead to insomnia. Red captures attention and brings objects painted in it to the fore. Red is the first color you lose sight of at dusk; it is indistinguishable at long distances.

White color symbolizes purity, spotlessness, innocence, virtue, joy. He is associated with daylight and heavenly bodies, as well as with the generative force that is embodied in milk and eggs. With whiteness is associated the representation of the generally accepted, legal, true. In the Christian tradition, white denotes kinship with the divine light. Angels, saints and righteous people are depicted in white. Byzantine writers spoke of the whiteness of truth. In some nations, kings and priests wore white clothes, which symbolized solemnity and greatness. In Lithuanian, "white people" are honest people, in Hungarian, "white people" are women. In Russia, "white" meant free, noble, righteous: "white Russia", "white tsar", "white peasants" free from all taxes, "white land" - church land, "white light". This light opposes the afterlife, like a white day against a black night. However, white can also have the opposite meaning. The Slavs dressed their dead in white clothes and covered them with a white shroud. It is customary for some African and Australian tribes to paint the body with white paint after the death of someone close to them. In China and some other Asian and African countries, white is the color of mourning. In the old days, white mourning was also used by the Slavs. The ancient Greeks always wore white underwear at night to have good dreams. In India, China and Japan, white symbolizes death, as it is identified with angels and heaven. In white clothes, ghosts and ghosts appeared to people. "White man" was called a brownie in the Bryansk region.

White is associated with purity, innocence, virtue and loyalty. No wonder it is popular at weddings. Before the advent of washing machines, only wealthy people could afford white clothes. It was assumed that a person in white clothes had a high social status - he did not have to do dirty manual labor. White color symbolizes truth and justice. Since childhood, we know that the "knight in white" will always come to the rescue. In the good old westerns good guys always wore white hats and the bad ones wore black ones. Medical devices are most often white, apparently accentuating the sterility and cleanliness inherent in healthcare facilities. Staff white coats, white bandages and cotton wool come to mind. Although white is a neutral color, it is considered cold because it is associated with snow and ice. White is often used to express sterility and safety. AT international law The white flag is considered a call for a truce. White is used on packages of dairy products and refined products.

White is the color of innocence and purity.

Among the Slavic peoples, white color symbolizes sincerity, purity of soul and thoughts.

People attracted to white,

Black color symbolizes misfortune, grief, mourning, the death of everything that moves and breathes. Black is associated with darkness and earth and is the true emblem of everything hidden, secret and unknown. Many peoples associate blackness with night, and night with evil and witchcraft. At night, human life is at its greatest risk.

In ancient Mexico, during the ritual sacrifice of a person, the faces and hands of the priests were painted black. Black eyes are still considered dangerous, envious. Sinister characters are dressed in black, the appearance of which portends death. According to the English ethnologist W. Turner, the black color, often denoting death, fainting, sleep or darkness, is associated with an unconscious state, with the experience of clouding, darkening of consciousness. Among the Arabs, the expression "blackness of the eyes" means beloved, "blackness of the heart" - love. Thus, black can also have a favorable meaning. It is perceived this way, for example, in the arid regions of Africa, where there is little water and black clouds promise fertility and abundance. Black bulls, goats or birds are sacrificed to guardian spirits who send rain, while the priests also dress in black. Black is the most authoritarian and overwhelming color of the spectrum. It is associated with death and darkness, creating an unsettling feeling of the unknown. People fear that the world may disappear into a black hole, and if a black cat crosses the road, then expect trouble. The impression generated by the black color is endowed with great power. Guards, bodyguards prefer black uniforms. Expensive limousines are usually black in color, this is intended to suggest that those in the car are important people. Recent statistical analysis American football games revealed an interesting pattern: referees are more likely to penalize a team that plays in black, because its players seem to the referees to be more aggressive. If a "black tie" is indicated on the invitation cards, this emphasizes the importance of the event and conveys information that the costume must be strict, since the meeting will be official. Black is authoritarian and in large doses can give the impression of aggressiveness. Black is considered conservative and respectful. It seems to people that black figures weigh more than the same white figures.

Yellow. Psychologists say that yellow is the happiest color of the spectrum, it inspires optimism and joy. The association with the sun gives yellow a special aura, denotes wisdom, intelligence, imagination, a tendency to spontaneity. Yellow color is instantly registered by the brain, stimulating its work and nervous system. A high degree of yellow visibility promotes fast, clear thinking. Yellow brings other colors to life, making hot colors dazzling and bringing cool colors back to life. That's why this color is a favorite in home interiors, filling any room with warmth and light. The most common use of yellow is in the kitchen and dining room - it helps increase appetite. In small doses, yellow helps create a happy atmosphere for friendly conversations, but prolonged proximity to bright lemon can cause brain overexcitation and anxiety. Yellow is the happiest color, it represents warmth, optimism and joy. Yellow actively protrudes into space, and therefore is considered the most noticeable color; it is preferred for road signs and various types of packaging. Yellow stimulates clear thinking. Yellow activates other colors, making hot colors radiant and enlivening cool colors. The abundance of yellow can tire. Its muted tones are conducive to communication, while its golden tones are associated with the idea of ​​wealth.

Yellow, as a symbol of the sun, relieves stress and gives hope. A stream of yellow light symbolizes warmth and comfort and strengthens the nerves.

Blue is the color of the sky and the sea. It combines some kind of contradiction of excitement and peace, causes a feeling of cold and reminds of a shadow. The blue surface seems to move away from the person, captivates the eye into the depths. For many peoples, the blue color symbolized the sky and eternity. In Christian culture, it is associated with incomprehensible mysteries, with eternal divine truth. For romantics, blue is the color of dreams and longing for an unearthly ideal. Blue can also symbolize kindness, fidelity, constancy, location, and in the language of heraldry it means chastity, honesty, good fame and fidelity. "Blue blood" speaks of a noble origin. It was considered mourning ancient egypt and among some peoples of America, the French call horror "blue fear" (recall the tale of the "Bluebeard"). Among the Slavic peoples, blue served as a symbol of sadness, grief, and was associated with the demonic world.

If blue is your favorite color, then you are in good company. Blue is the most beloved of all colors. Indeed, if you stubbornly look at the blue color, then this leads to a decrease in the frequency of the pulse and respiration and, for some time, lowers blood pressure. Before the invention of refrigerators, when food was stored in kitchens and pantries, these spaces were painted cobalt to repel insects, which are noted to avoid blue. Blue color in kitchens is popular in our time. During the election campaign, politicians, wanting to inspire confidence, often wear blue suits. Bright blues are ideal for outfits that you can wear to a party or social event, in which case you will get all the latest gossip, because you will be more frank than others. Dark blue tones are associated with high social status, stability and dignity. In home decor, dark blue tones will give a room a regal feel and create a serious atmosphere, while lighter and brighter blue volumes will add charm to it. It has been noticed that the color blue is associated with a sweet taste, which is why it is often used on packages of sugar and other sweets. People work more productively in blue-colored rooms, and studies have confirmed that weightlifters lift more weight when they exercise in blue-painted gyms. Almost all of our associations with blue are positive, which confirms its uplifting and peaceful nature. Blue can push space apart, and time seems to flow more slowly in its presence.

Green. Green is the color of grass and leaves. For many nations, it symbolized youth, hope and fun, although sometimes immaturity, insufficient perfection. The green color is extremely material and has a calming effect, but it can also produce a depressing impression (it is no coincidence that longing is called "green", and the person himself "turns green" with anger).

This color is associated with ideas about life and growth, is considered relaxing, has healing properties, the ability to soothe and refresh. The more muted the green color, the higher its calming properties. This is one of the reasons why hospital walls are painted the colors of sea foam. Intense green is the color of mature trees, tall and stable. This color is often found in the offices of lawyers and financiers. And in general, this is the color of money! Olive is associated with power and is used by the military, while green grass evokes new life and growth and symbolizes fertility. Shades of green can be used harmoniously in home decor. Bright green will bring into the house a sense of the pulse of natural, natural life and "open" the interior to the park surrounding the house. Green scales are refreshing, which makes them indispensable in kitchens. Pale green evokes a nice clear feeling and is ideal for the nooks and crannies of the home - bathrooms and bedrooms. The green color combines humility, sophistication and a sense of antiseptic cleanliness, which is why it is used in the decoration of resorts. Shades of green give a feeling of cleanliness and freshness, they are especially popular on cosmetic boxes. In general, products in green packaging are perceived as environmentally friendly. Pale green is a soothing and relaxing color. It helps improve vision. Dark green colors are associated with stability and growth. Around the world, green is a symbol of safety. Therefore, it is adopted to indicate the beginning of movement in traffic lights. People who prefer green are reliable and generous.

Green is the color of hope, naturalness and freshness.

Green color calms, and its abundance can cause depression, "green longing".

Green lovers are modest, restrained, patient and not prone to violent manifestation of their feelings.

1. Experimental work

1. Research stages

2.1.1. At the beginning of my research work, I found and studied material about the meaning of colors, their characteristics, and the effect of color on the emotional state and behavior of people.

2.1.2. I decided to test my hypothesis that each age level has a color preference. To do this, a survey was conducted among primary school students, younger teenagers, students of older adolescence and youth and school teachers.

The study involved:

Pupils of primary school age (7-10 years old) - 15 hours.

Younger teenagers (11-14 years old) - 15 hours.

Senior adolescence and youth (15-18 years old) - 15 hours.

Adults from 30 to 45 years old - 15 hours.

1. Research results

1. A study of the relevant literature showed that each color has its own symbolism and its own psychological characteristics. Green - the color of hope, naturalness and freshness. It calms, and its abundance can cause depression, "green longing". White - the color of innocence and purity. People who are attracted to white are constantly in search of themselves and striving for perfection. Black - Yellow excites and creates a good mood. People who are attracted to yellow are open to everything new. They have good analytical skills and a sharp mind. Blue soothes, cools, relaxes and pacifies. Love for the blue color speaks of conscientiousness and honesty. Red - the color of life, joy, strength and health. People who prefer red are impulsive, energetic - they are true lovers of discussions and disputes. 0

Primary school students prefer red and blue-blue colors.

Red Blue Red-blue - harmony and activity in cooperation, emotional satisfaction, cooperation and mutual understanding for the benefit of creation.

Middle school students prefer blue and black colors.

Blue means complete peace, contentment, peace. He personifies the bonds by which a person binds himself to others; association, a sense of community. Black Black

High school students prefer red and black colors.

Red color represents power, he always achieves what he wants. He is always in motion, always a source of energy. It symbolizes passion, excites passion, i.e. loves passionately, hates passionately and believes passionately. He is characterized by maximum in feelings. Black always hides in itself everything that carries; he is "mysterious". It is associated with curiosity, it attracts, frightens. Black color always challenges a person to try to free his essence, that is, a person must go through black in order to know how much white is in it. Red Black Dramatization, impulsive excessive desires.

The teachers of the Gavrilov school prefer blue (and shades of blue) and red (and shades of red).

People who prefer Blue colour , trying to put everything in order, systematize. They always have their own point of view; dedicated to what they do. Blue color is constancy, perseverance, perseverance, devotion, dedication, seriousness, rigor. Red expresses vitality, activity, means all kinds of inclinations and aspirations to get results and achieve success, impulsiveness, the will to win.

Conclusion: my hypothesis that each age level has a preference for a certain color turned out to be correct and the color characteristic confirms this.

1. Conclusion

As you know, colors have a psychological effect. The psychology of color is concrete and acts equally on all people, regardless of fashion. Therefore, when creating your image in a photograph, your personal image or interior, try to match the color to the mood that is needed when creating the image. Currently, scientists are making active attempts to use the influence of color on human psychophysiology for commercial and domestic purposes. At the same time, as already noted, each person perceives color in his own way. Therefore, decorators and designers, designing the interior of premises, must always take into account socio-demographic characteristics - gender, age, profession, etc. However, there are also some General characteristics the effects of colors on humans. The predominance of any color (or combination of colors) in the design of the room creates a certain emotional and business environment. It is known that the color scheme of the interior affects the subconscious of a person. And not only for performance, but also for the results of work.

Conclusions:

1. A study of the relevant literature showed that each color has its own symbolism and its own psychological characteristics. Green - the color of hope, naturalness and freshness. Green color soothes, and its abundance can cause depression, "green longing". White - the color of innocence and purity. People who are attracted White color, are constantly in search of themselves and striving for excellence. The black - the color of mystery, sadness, evil and death. Creative personalities, philosophers of life prefer to dress in black. Yellow excites and creates a good mood. People who are attracted yellow, open to everything new. They have good analytical skills and a sharp mind. Blue soothes, cools, relaxes and pacifies. Love to blue color speaks of conscientiousness and honesty. Red - the color of life, joy, strength and health. People who prefer red - impulsive, energetic - these are true lovers of discussions and disputes.

2. Depending on age, each person prefers a certain color:

Primary school students- Red Blue, which speaks of the activity of this age and the desire to succeed.younger teenagers- blue and black, means a sense of community and contradictions, the desire to know everything unknown.Older teenagers and youth- Red Black, which speaks of the drama and impulsiveness of this age.adults (teachers)– blue and red colors, which indicates the presence of their own point of view on everything that surrounds them, conscientiousness and rigor, impulsiveness and activity.

Literature

1. Auer Xaver, Freeling Heinrich Man - color - space. M.,

"Stroyizdat", 2003.

2. Dragunsky V.V. Color personality test. – M.: Ed. Harvest,

2000. (Series "Library of Practical Psychology").

3. Guidelines for the use of the eight-color Luscher test. Comp.

Dubrovskaya O.F. Ed. 4th rev. – M.: Ed. "Cogito-Center", 2001.

4. Klar G. Luscher test. Color psychology. – M.: Ed. "Peter", 1998.

5. Lusher M. Personality assessment through color selection. – M.: Ed.

"EKSMO-Press", 1998.

6. Freeling G., Auer K. Man - color - space. – M.: Ed. "Peter", 1995.

APPENDIX

Class color scheme.

When choosing an interior color, there is only one rule: when choosing a gamut for the new design of your room, remember that the color should give the energy that you lack. It is better to use yellow tones, but in small quantities. Large doses of yellow give rise to excessive greed, and small doses stimulate brain activity and increase the efficiency of mental work. Moderate doses of yellow contribute to the success of negotiations, as they stimulate the desire to find compromises. Brown - yellow (honey) combines the lightness of yellow and the severity of brown. The need for happiness and completeness, the enjoyment of position. Yellow-brown is the color of diligence and rigor. Cream has a mild effect, expands the space, facilitates the perception of reality, gives confidence that everything will be in order. Yellow-brown - unlimited freedom, existence without any problems and duties, complete internal security.

Many have known about the meaning of color in human life since childhood, although they are not always aware of it (from birth, someone is surrounded by pink, and someone is blue). Colors are symbols of certain events, they please or annoy, in connection with which they are divided into "favorite" and "unloved", in general, they are endowed with a special meaning. There is a whole section in psychological science that studies a person's ability to perceive and designate colors, which is called the psychology of color perception. Despite the fact that the existing color scheme may seem the same to us for everyone, and we think that the other person sees the color the same as we see it, in fact, the perception of color largely depends on many factors: cultural, social, physiological , psychological, etc. So, for example, if a person feels unwell, then he can be annoyed by shades that others like, and at other times seemed pleasant to him. Another example - since childhood, seeing a woman in a white elegant dress, children guess that this aunt is a bride, but a woman in a completely black outfit evokes sad thoughts about mourning and funerals. But these children, most likely, live in Western culture, since in some countries of the East, on the contrary, white is generally considered mourning.
Color improves well-being, cheers up, helps to tune in to the working mood, etc. The choice of colors is often unconscious and by the preference of one color or another, you can learn a lot about another person. On this basis, very effective color personality tests have even been created, the most famous of which is the Luscher test. That is why it is useful to know the main characteristics of colors in order to be able to use them quite consciously - for correction own behavior, as well as to create in the eyes of others the desired impression of oneself. For example, a person who comes in a smart bright red suit to get a job in a serious institution where everyone dresses modestly may lose to an applicant who appears in a strict dark purple or classic black suit. But at a festive party, a girl in bright red will attract much more attention than a girl in clothes of a calmer color. Skillfully choosing the colors that surround you in life - clothes, wallpaper, furniture, etc. - You will not only be able to become more effective in communicating with others, but also influence yourself. So, if you are sad, then surround yourself with orange and yellow, at least drink a glass of freshly squeezed orange juice, carefully examining it before each sip - coupled with a citrus aroma, color will add optimism to you even faster.

The meaning of red

The red color symbolizes vital energy, stimulates and excites. It is the color of bold and decisive, but, on the other hand, it can be sympathetic to aggressive, cruel and vindictive people. If you want to look sexy, bold and expressive, choose red.

The meaning of orange

Orange is a symbol of optimism, creativity, freedom, love of life, goodwill and sociability. The man in orange clothes looks young and cheerful. Use this color in rooms designed for communication. He also believes that orange wallpaper in the kitchen stimulates the appetite, which is good for some (bad eaters) and not so good for others (those on special diets).

The meaning of yellow

Yellow color stimulates energy, optimism, mental activity and brings back the love of life. It is useful to use it in offices where they do mental work and high concentration is needed. In clothes, like orange, it helps to look young, perky and active.

The meaning of green

Green is a calm and balanced color. Helps to relax and calms the nervous system. By dressing in green, you signal your friendliness and poise. A green interior can help with insomnia, suits emotionally unbalanced people, and also reduces appetite - use light shades of green in the bedroom or in the kitchen. Dark green and emerald green help to concentrate attention (use to decorate your office).

The meaning of blue

Blue symbolizes wisdom and tranquility. Suitable for rest rooms, cools and soothes. Blue clothes indicate that you are sensitive, have a good imagination and maybe naive.

The meaning of blue

Blue is a symbol of devotion and justice. Causes respect. In the interior, it is suitable for finishing the bathroom (in combination with objects of warm colors) and bedrooms. In clothes, blue is chosen by serious, responsible and independent people.

The meaning of purple

Violet is the color of kindness and wisdom, sharpening the senses, balancing energy and sharpening intuition. It is also called the color of kings. Suitable for decoration of rooms for relaxation and meditation. In clothes it gives the impression of a wise, mysterious person.

The meaning of white

White is the color of purity and perfection. Dress in white if you want to emphasize your accuracy, decency, honesty and cleanliness. Use it in the interior to refresh dark rooms.

The meaning of black

Black is a symbol of the unknown and mysterious, but also a gloomy perception of life. Wear black if you want to emphasize your sophistication and authority. Do not abuse this color, as a person who constantly wears black clothes may seem closed to others, unwilling to communicate.
In clothes and in the interior, colors are most often combined or supplemented with small attributes of a shade that is different from the base tone, and different shades of the same color are also combined. Remember that choosing this or that color, you not only create a certain impression of yourself in the eyes of others, but also affect your well-being.

municipal budgetary educational institution

« secondary school№1 named after the Hero Soviet Union B.N. Emelyanova

Trishchenko Elena Alexandrovna

teacher, methodologist

Shchekino, Tula region

2018

INTRODUCTION

"Only to those who love color, its beauty and inner essence are revealed. Everyone can use color, but only to those who are selflessly devoted to it, it allows them to comprehend their secrets"

(I. Itten)

Color plays an important role in human life. It is a great happiness that we see the world in color. Without it, life would be boring and dull. However, a person does not acquire color vision immediately.

Since ancient times, each specific color has been given a certain semantic meaning. The colors in which the world is painted have not only a purely psychological or emotional significance for us: they deeply affect our character and our health.

The color environment affects the performance, depending on the type of labor activity of a person and his character. The great Goethe, depending on the type of works he created, used glasses made of variously colored glasses. He noted that red and yellow colors amuse a person, excite his energy, while blue causes despondency, suppresses a person’s mood and self-control. By the way, it has been established that most birds and insects are afraid of blue and blue colors.

It has now been proven that color affects the rhythm of heart contractions, respiratory rate, arterial pressure and muscle tension. So, in a yellow room, a person’s pulse is normal, in a blue one it is slow, and in a red one it is noticeably quickened. If a person's hand is irradiated with red or orange light before measuring the grip strength of the hand, then the strength readings increase significantly. In red-adapted persons, motion sickness develops much later than in blue-adapted persons.

When choosing the interiors of the rooms of your apartment, it is better to focus on those colors that are in harmony with the biological needs of a person. This, above all, applies to wallpaper and curtains. For that room or corner of the room where one of the family members has to work often and for a long time - write, read, count, mentally concentrate - it is best to stop at green tones, avoiding blue and blue. Otherwise, the one who works at the table will constantly be sleepy.

In our life experience, we almost never deal with pure color. We see orange orange, green grass, brown eyes, blue skies, not just individual colors.

It is almost impossible for us to separate color information from the one that accompanies it, from the contrast in which we perceive color. It is clear that the more diverse the information, the more reliable it is. What we see, hear, touch, remember, feel - all this synthesizes a single and inseparable picture of the world.

In this regard, it became interesting to me: how my peers, students of the gymnasium, perceive color.

I guessed hypothesis ), that a person perceives color not as an independent phenomenon, but as a characteristic of something.

Target - to study the color preferences of schoolchildren.

Tasks:

Study the available literature on the topic.

Create and conduct a survey.

Analyze survey results and draw conclusions.

I . MAIN PART

1. Color in our life

In human life, color performs not only a distinctive function. Its influence on the psyche has long been noticed.Color has become one of the most commonly used symbols. That is why it never happens, it is accidental in heraldry, national clothes, jewelry, architecture.

Artists are well aware of the importance of color in creating images, and therefore they are careful about its choice. Van Gogh in 1885 said with admiration: "Color in itself expresses something."

AT different languages there are from one hundred to one hundred and fifty names of flowers. Although our eye is able to distinguish much more. Representatives of different cultures relate to color nuances in their own way. For example, Russians distinguish between blue and blue, but the British do not. Some African and Australian tribes only know three or four words for flower names. There are tribes in New Guinea that have only two color designations.

Some experts, when asked what color is, answer that it is a sensation. If we keep in mind the physical nature of light, then we can say that its rays are not colored. A stream of light is a combination of waves of different lengths and frequencies that irritate receptors, the excitation of which causes us to experience color. Thus, color depends on the nature of light, and on the structure and functioning of the visual system. So, he is really our feeling.

Meanwhile, psychologists drew attention to the subjectivity of color perception. So, any single color or combination of colors can be perceived differently, depending on the spatial arrangement of the color spot, its shape and surface texture, mood and cultural level of a person. At the same time, color can also affect our mood and state. Therefore, designers and fashion designers attach such great importance to it.

Scientists have found that colors affect a person in different ways, depending on age, ethnic background and climate. A certain color or group of colors can cause an unequal reaction, the difference lies only in tones and shades. Experiments have shown that colors affect not only the human psyche and his emotions, but also his physiological parameters. Canadian scientists conducted an experiment in the effect of color on the pulse, blood pressure and respiratory rate. After the subjects examined the orange-red color, their heart rate and breathing became more frequent, and their blood pressure increased. Their nervous system reacted differently to dark blue: their pulse and breathing slowed down, and their blood pressure decreased.

Scientists have developed methods for studying the human psyche based on the preference for colors. The first creator of color diagnostics was a Swiss psychotherapistXXcentury Max Luscher.

Intuitively preferring or rejecting certain colors, a person appears as he really is. Such tests are based on the idea that color preference characterizes different emotional states. So, blue symbolizes devotion, green symbolizes self-affirmation, red symbolizes excitement, expansion, yellow symbolizes the desire for experiences ... If one of the life components is in discord, then the color corresponding to it begins to irritate latently, and the subject intuitively puts it at the very end of his preferences and, as it were, tries to displace the color that is unpleasant for him, at the same time replacing it with another - as a rule, achromatic (gray, black, brown, purple). Color compensation indicates how a person compensates for a failure in his state with passivity, switching to health problems, going into a fantasy world, or simply aggressiveness.

But color can not only reflect the emotional state, but also modulate it. It is on this that psychotherapeutic techniques using color are based.

How beautiful and diverse our world is thanks to the abundance of flowers!

2. Origin and names of flowers

Colors are annoying and soothing, screaming, arguing with each other and living affectionately one next to the other. In their struggle or agreement, there is the effect of color on a person through the sense of sight.

K. Petrov-Vodkin

Every object has its own color. Some objects are only recognizable by color. Color helps us know if the berries are ripe, or that autumn has already arrived, because the green leaves have turned yellow or reddened. Even the air, coloring differently, given forests or mountains, helps us navigate in space. AT different time day, depending on the lighting, the shades of the sky, water and earth change.

The whole world in all its beauty, the shape of objects and the material from which they are made, space, and lighting we see thanks to the variety of colors.

It is important to remember that color can not only please, but also cause irritation, anxiety, a feeling of longing or sadness - in other words, color has an emotional impact on a person.

Some colors calm the nervous system, others, on the contrary, irritate. Green, blue, blue have a calming effect, and purple, red, orange, yellow colors have an exciting effect.

It is known that a person in need of physical rest, emotional peace, instinctively chooses dark tones. If the body needs to give energy through outward activity or intellectual creativity, then the natural reaction will be to choose light bright colors.

The action of colors is due to both the direct influence on the human body and the associations that colors cause on the basis of all previous human practice.

One of the first to explore the effect of color was I. Goethe, who, as a poet, was able to convincingly feel that green contained kindness, peace, the ability to calm the eyes and soul, blue evokes a feeling of cold, and red acted intimidatingly on him.

I. Goethe liked to look at the same landscape through glasses of green, yellow, red and other colors and observe how the perception and emotional state of a person change.

It is generally accepted that red, rich in associations, is exciting, warming, revitalizing, active, energetic; yellow color - warm, invigorating, cheerful, attractive; orange color - cheerful, joyful, fiery, kind. Rich in associations and green, it creates a calm, pleasant and peaceful mood. But the blue color is characterized as serious, sad, dreary, sentimental. Violet color connects the emotional impact of red and blue colors - it is both attractive and repulsive, full of life and at the same time causing melancholy and sadness.

The designation of color, paints are divided into two groups - ancient (such as "white" and "black") and relatively new, which the Old Russian language did not know - they came from foreign languages, and most are derived from the names of objects with a characteristic color.

Scarlet .

In the Turkic languages, scarlet means "pink", "light red", "red". Our word came from there (by the way, almost all words start with the letter "A"). And the fact that in our country it began to mean "bright red" is quite natural: when moving from language to language, the meaning of words often changes even more than their sound form.

Crimson and crimson .

Sometimes shades of red paint (up to brown!) were called the common Slavic word bagr. From this arose the names crimson and crimson. Crimson is called a thick red color, and crimson is a pure bright red color. For example, a crimson glow is a crimson sunset.

White.

Once upon a time (in the common Indo-European language) there was a root bhe; it meant "shine", "shine". Remember, the word birch also goes back to this root, probably due to the sparkling, unlike the others, silvery trunk of this wonderful tree. It was from that root that “white” appeared, and from it both underwear and squirrel, which we talked about, and many other words.

White color means purity, innocence, freshness and coolness, truthfulness and clarity. White color is a “bottomless hole”, emptiness, it causes the pupils of the eyes to narrow quickly and therefore quickly tire. Too passionate people need to concentrate more often on pure white.

Burgundy.

Pronounced from bordeaux meaning "dark red". Borrowed in the eighteenth century from French, where boraeaux, "dark red", "the color of Bordeaux wine" (made in Bordeaux). Why speak so long: dark red, when you can say "bordeaux" briefly and sonorously.

Blue .

The etiology here is extremely brief, the color is named after the color of the dove's neck.

Blue symbolizes the cosmic spirit, truth, spirituality. This is innocence, peacefulness, yielding calmness, well-being. Blue is considered the color of boys. In this color, such character traits as freedom, carelessness, carelessness, optionality, friendliness, a tendency to change the situation are manifested.

It has been experimentally established that blueness not only puts you to sleep, but also creates a feeling of freshness, which is also important for falling asleep quickly. Bedrooms should be painted in blue and blue tones.

Yellow.

Interestingly, this word has the same root as the words gold, green. In the Lithuanian language, for example, "golden" would be yellow, the primary meaning here was, apparently, "yellow-shining".

Yellow associated with science, observation and analysis. According to its qualities, yellow means wealth, dreams, fantasies, courage, joy, intimacy, youth, as well as envy and jealousy. If you stay in a bright yellow room for a long time, a severe headache may begin.

Green.

The same ancient root as yellow. AT Old Russian there was a word zel - "shoots of winter." The words cereal, greens are close to him.

Green color means a state of health and "elastic tension". Psychologically, this is expressed in active will, perseverance and constancy. Green color is used to treat some mental disorders, hysteria, nervous fatigue. Not without reason, by the way, tables for card games or for playing billiards and table tennis in most cases have a green color - the color of self-control, mental balance.

Brown.

Brown means the color of cinnamon - a reddish - brown spice - powdered from the bark or even pieces of the bark of the tropical tree cinnamomum. The spice is overseas, but the name cinnamon is purely Russian "Little crust" (from the bark).

In brown orange fades to black. The discomfort of the orange color goes inward, is not realized. Brown is usually perceived as heavy, rough, disgusting. This is a sign of decomposition, decay, death, a symbol of animal feelings, passions and base desires.

There are many reasons for brown discomfort: poor health, family troubles, belonging to an asocial environment, participation with adults in dramatic social events - evacuation, flight, emigration, and finally, mental disability.

Red.

Apparently, our ancestors liked the scarlet color so much that they replaced the old Slavic name black with a new one - red, that is, “the best”, “charming”, “beautiful”. The root “kras” is included in the words denoting everything that was pleasing to the eye: a red girl, a red fellow, a red sun.

It should also be said that the red color in Ancient Russia was called both scarlet and scarlet, very consonant, but somewhat differently in dialects. Red paint was made from a special kind of worms (worms), hence the name.

Pink color - the color of optimism. Pink is red diluted with white. Its psychological strength is weaker than that of red. The "pink" person does not finish and often does not even begin what the "red" will undertake. Pink is considered the color of girls. He personifies refined love, tenderness, immaturity, weakness, timidity, sentimentality, attractiveness. Pink color relaxes like no other.

Orange color means holiness and health. It is usually associated with medicine. According to its qualities, the orange color symbolizes heat, energy, ripeness, as well as joy, warmth. The combination of orange and black colors - heroism and courage. If you are in an orange-colored room after a hearty dinner, then this facilitates the work of the stomach. But the same orange color can cause stomach pains in a person if the very process of eating takes place in his environment.

Black color symbolizes darkness, gloom, mourning, death, absorption, as well as heaviness, hopelessness. It burdens, enhances the influence of a nearby color.

Grey colour - it is a symbol of anger, meanness, fenced off and routine. At the same time, it is the color of secrecy, self-importance, fatigue. Not understanding whether you like gray or not is the first sign of fatigue.

Blue color means wisdom, fidelity, coldness, impassibility, calmness. Purple is a very powerful color. It means night, mystery, mysticism, suggestibility, modesty, abstinence, as well as sadness, disaster, old age, eclipse.

3. Color and person

Color can evoke both pleasant and unpleasant feelings. This property of color allows psychologists to determine the emotional warehouse of a person’s character, his mood. When a person is asked to choose a color, he subconsciously chooses one that matches his own color vibrations. What exactly, and in what sequence of colors he chooses, gives information about the physical, emotional and mental state of a person. This information concerns a new period of our life. In order to realize this choice, you need to know the language of color. Each color has its own meaning. Let's take blue as an example.

Blue - means complete peace, contentment, tranquility. It personifies the bonds by which a person connects himself with the outside world, unification, a sense of community. As they say, this is the light of fidelity, it also personifies the depth of feelings. It is a prerequisite for the ability to empathize, a symbol of aesthetic experiences and contemplation. This color is most suitable for meditation. It symbolizes contentment and fulfillment. Blue is timeless and therefore is a symbol of traditions of enduring values, serves to perpetuate the past.

Anyone who prefers the color blue needs a calm and orderly environment, free from anxiety, upheaval and grief, in which events develop smoothly and traditionally, in which relationships with other people are serene and free from disagreements. The person feels the need to trust other people, and others can trust him.

If a person rejects the blue color, then he rejects existing friendships, family, and professional ties. Because they do not meet his high requirements. He finds them either boring or burdensome.

Our color preferences depend on many things - on age, mood, season, weather, health, on changes in our character, on fashion.

Studies by physiologists have shown, for example, that blue reduces blood pressure and inhibits emotional manifestation. But very few people realize how much color affects our well-being, mood, and even work efficiency.

The French physician Ferre investigated the relationship between labor productivity and color. He found that when working for a short time, labor productivity increases with red light, and decreases with blue. When working for a long time, green light contributes to increased productivity, while indigo and violet reduce it. These studies relate primarily to physical labor, to muscular work, but their results should also be taken into account in mental labor.

The Romanian physician Stefanescu-Goanga investigated the effect of color on respiration and pulse rate. According to the data obtained, the frequency of respiration and pulse increases with purple, red, orange and yellow, while when exposed to green, indigo and violet, the pulse and breathing slow down. The physiological effect should be reduced, first of all, to the power of expressiveness, that is, the colors themselves cause certain physiological reactions. Steel poles should be painted light colors, low spaces can be made "higher" by painting ceilings light green or light blue. Contrasting colors (yellow - black) are particularly suitable for marking hazardous areas in a plant. For information purposes, it should be noted that there are many shades of colors, such as dark cool colors (dark blue, dark green) and light warm colors (bright pink, sunny yellow).

People can not only perceive colors, but also conjure them up in their imagination. The process of reproduction of received information is always accompanied by experiences. The impression of the beauty of a person, a workplace, a landscape, immediately after they have been perceived, and its impact is determined by a whole sum of factors, which includes the social experience of a person.

Therefore, it is recommended to paint in blue and blue tones rooms and equipment where there is a significant heat generation and where there is a lot of noise. Red and yellow colors have an exciting effect, so they should be used sparingly.

II . STUDY

Organization and conduct of the study

The administration of our school pays great attention to the color design of classrooms, corridors and the dining room. For example, our walls are painted blue, which symbolizes purity, peace and has a peaceful effect on children, as well as paintings of nature and flowers hang on the walls.

In the classrooms of our school, yellow color prevails, which gives the impression of lightness, joy, and reduces the fatigue of students in the classroom.

One way or another, color is usually perceived as the color of objects or as the color of a room. It has been established, for example, that people prefer one color (mostly no more than 2-3). The so-called cold colors (blue, green) speak of calmness, tenderness, sadness, and the warm colors yellow, orange indicate strength, authority, activity and a joyful mood.

To determine the color preferences of students, I conducted a sociological survey. A total of 75 people were interviewed.

The respondents were asked the following questions:

What color do you prefer in clothes?

What, in your opinion, is the most successful color scheme in the design of the school classrooms (name the number and name of the classroom)?

What color do you associate with success, luck?

When processing the survey results, I used mathematical method counting data. As a result, I compiled a summary table by class for each question.

Processing of received data

Question 1 : What color do you prefer in clothes?

In total, answers were given: these are 19 options for color preferences.

The most popular are black and white. They were chosen by every fourth and fifth, respectively. A few "lagging behind" are blue, gray, red and green.

Question 2 : What, in your opinion, is the most successful color scheme in the design of the classrooms of the gymnasium (name the number and name of the cabinet)?

A total of 85 answers were given: 11 options.

The most popular classrooms in the gymnasium (in terms of color design) was the physics classroom. These classrooms are dominated by colors: pistachio, lilac, woody.

Question 3 : What color do you associate with success, luck?

A total of 119 answers were given: 12 options.

Conclusion

Thus, the study showed that color is indeed perceived by a person as an accompanying information of an object. This is evidenced by the survey results.

"Color portrait" of a schoolboy.

they prefer mostly black (uncertainty) and white (purity, virtue) colors in clothes, less often - blue (wisdom, calmness), gray (maturity, wisdom), red (passion, strength) and green (life, growth);

they like to be in a room decorated with pistachio, lilac, tree flowers, which symbolize perseverance, diligence, constancy, unshakable faith in success;

and with luck, success, yellow, white, green and red are associated (inspire optimism and joy, is associated with purity and fidelity, life and further growth, excitement, passion, strength).

1. CONCLUSION

The role of color is important in the aesthetic, artistic perception of the world. Color preferences are inextricably linked with cultural characteristics and established traditions.Our emotional response to color is incredibly strong. The perception of color depends on the physiological characteristics of your eyes and on the condition nervous system, from life experience and the environment.

Intuitively preferring or rejecting certain colors, a person appears as he really is.

So, blue symbolizes devotion, green - self-affirmation, red - excitement, expansion, yellow - the desire for experience. If a discord occurs in one of the life components, then the color corresponding to it begins to irritate implicitly, and the person intuitively puts it at the very end of his preferences and, as it were, tries to displace the color that is unpleasant for him, at the same time replacing it with another - usually achromatic (gray , black, brown, purple). Color compensation indicates how a person compensates for a failure in his state with passivity, switching to health problems, going into a fantasy world, or simply aggressiveness.

Color draws its significance from reality, and its impact is determined by a whole sum of factors, which includes the social experience of a person.

Having studied the theoretical material, I came to the conclusion that color draws its significance from reality, and its impact is determined by a whole sum of factors, which includes a person's social experience.

In order to create a "color portrait" of the students of the gymnasium, I conducted a sociological survey, which allowed me to draw certain conclusions. I can say with confidence that I coped with the set goal and tasks, and the hypothesis about the perception of color by a person not as an independent phenomenon, but the characteristics of something received its experimental confirmation.

this work can be used as a methodological material by a psychologist, as additional material for class hours, can help the designer in the design of the school premises, and can also be used as a practical guide for choosing the color scheme of the suit, depending on the situation, the desired effect.

Color is something that surrounds each person every day, causes special emotions and sensations. The choice of clothes, interior items, improvised means and much more according to shades and palettes directly speaks of a person’s preferences, his state of mind and inner feelings. Preferences in colors also characterize the temperament and mood regarding the upcoming event.

The meaning of colors in psychology

Choosing the right tone contributes to various effects and can even guarantee success in various endeavors (at work, dating, dating important people And so on).
Understanding what certain shades and combinations carry in themselves, it will be easier for each person to navigate and even direct the course of events in the right direction. You can understand your state, see changes in your friends and acquaintances, help improve your mood and much more by choosing and combining certain colors in your style and environment (objects on your desktop, home interior, etc.).

Experts have proven that certain events or memories are directly related to a particular color. Almost everyone associates various holidays and events with bright colors, such as red, orange, green, pink, yellow, etc. Sad events always blow in black or gray tones.
Subconsciously, people similarly perceive and react to colors. Since childhood, a person gets used to perceive red as an alarming sign, prohibition and anxiety. Green, on the contrary, allows you to perform the desired actions, confidently move forward without feeling danger. Each of them has its own characteristics, differently affect the perception and psychological state of a person.

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF RED IN PSYCHOLOGY

Since ancient times, people have shown a special interest in the color red. In many languages, the same word denotes the color red and, in general, everything beautiful, beautiful. Among the Polynesians, the word "red" is synonymous with the word "beloved." In China, a sincere, frank person is said to have a "red heart", while the heart of a bad, treacherous person is black.
Red - exciting, hot, activating, association with danger and aggression. Red is easy to draw attention to any advertisement. The pulse and blood pressure may increase if you look at red for a long time. Red gets tired quickly.
People who prefer red love to be leaders. Almost all of their senses are at their maximum. They are persistent, do not like to put things off. It often happens that those who prefer red are demonstrative and selfish, intolerant, stubborn and cruel. A woman in red, most often, tends to flirt with guys.
Red color also means power, greatness. In Byzantium, only the empress had the right to wear red boots. The Emperor signed in purple ink and sat on a purple throne. For many peoples, red symbolizes the south, flame and heat.

Orange color in psychology

Orange is pretty close to yellow. It has similar features and properties. Cheerfulness, positive attitude, passion, willingness to solve complex problems, joy and spontaneity - all this carries this version of the palette. Orange has a positive effect on a person and takes him out of a depressive state after heavy losses and disappointments. Included in the list of the best colors for psychotherapy.

Lovers of this color have forgiving, easy-going, bright character traits. It is worth considering that their feature is inconstancy and arrogance.

Purple color in psychology

When you combine red and blue, you get purple. Deciphering this shade has certain difficulties and several nuances. Most artists in antiquity painted pregnant girls using this palette shade. This phenomenon is explained by consonance with sensuality.
AT modern world experts argue about its negative and even depressive effects on a person. Most self-critical, gloomy, dissatisfied personalities prefer to surround themselves with purple objects and clothing. Using it in small amounts can be beneficial, because purple overestimates self-esteem. It should be noted that this color is not used when working with the elderly and young children.

SIGNIFICANCE OF PINK

Pink is a soft color that dulls the emotions of anger and aggression. In places where children with antisocial behavior are corrected, pink walls or furniture are often used. If after a hard day you come home angry and aggressive, look at something pink and your aggression will disappear.
Pink can mean goodness, passion, romance, love. Those who prefer pink want to live life to the fullest, desire new experiences, are hardworking and do not like to rest. But sometimes people who prefer pink can be frivolous, childish, who love to show off in front of everyone.
Pink is the color of life, of all living things. He talks about the need to love and be kinder. Those who like him can get excited about the most insignificant thing. In people who are overly pragmatic, this color causes irritation.

Blue colour

This shade in psychology symbolizes calmness and contentment. It balances mood swings and other aspects of the human psyche, evens out well-being throughout the day. It is recommended for the design of work areas and offices, when it is necessary to develop discipline, diligence, organization, and leadership qualities among employees.
Blue color develops the ability to find profitable compromises, make cold, balanced decisions. It disposes to the stable functioning of all systems of the human body, including mental processes.
It is used as a balancing lever, which returns the mind and contributes to the rapid rehabilitation of people with neurosis and other mental conditions. The whole psychology of the color of the sea is based on this.

Green color

It is a completely natural and maximally adapted color, which causes only positive feelings in a person's life.
Naturally, many shades of green can cause some discomfort e.g. neon. Over time, they irritate the visual analyzer, contributing to fatigue, and worsen well-being. But, besides this, neon shades improve appetite, causing a feeling of hunger. It is often used in rooms that are intended for eating.
Other shades of green are more calm and peaceful. Favorably affect the vision and well-being of a person. A return to the primitive beginning of a person associates green with something natural and native, so it is perceived very easily in any interiors, clothes and household trifles.

Black color - meaning in psychology

Many people believe that everything connected with black has a negative meaning, but in fact it is not.
It embodies authoritarianism, it has been proven that people in black clothes become more weighty, so it is not for long surprising that rich people prefer it.
In some cases, the color value indicates a serious psychological imbalance. If black prevails in the drawings of children, then it is urgent to contact a specialist.
A person who prefers this color is a mystery and, choosing such clothes, he unconsciously tries to attract the attention of others. If dark tones prevail in the wardrobe, then this indicates that such and such important things are missing in life.
Black color in psychology has a connection with sexual attractiveness. People who love him agree to experiments in bed.

The meaning of white in psychology

The lightest representative of the color scheme is the personification of purity, innocence, joy and fidelity.
It means freedom of opportunity and the removal of all existing barriers. White color in psychology is a symbol of equality, because it combines other shades.
A person who prefers white is completely given to any business, wanting to bring it to perfection. He is open to the world and easily senses deceit.
Understanding what colors mean, it is worth noting that this light shade also has an opposite meaning, which is due to the fact that it is able to neutralize other colors, personifying emptiness.

The meaning of gray in psychology

The average neutral value between black and white is occupied by gray, so it does not distract from important matters. According to surveys, there are very few people who prefer it in their wardrobe and life in general.
Gray color in psychology means that the person who likes it puts the mind in the first place, not emotions. For insecure people, clothes of this color give strength.
Consider a mixture of black and white a shade of calm, balance, realism and order.
Doctors and psychologists are sure that people who love gray are on the verge of nervous and emotional exhaustion.

Yellow

The color of gold, which since ancient times was perceived as a frozen color of the sun. This is the color of autumn, the color of ripe ears and withering leaves, but also the color of illness, death, the other world.
In many nations, women preferred yellow clothes. Often, yellow color served as a hallmark of noble people and upper classes. For example, Mongolian lamas wear yellow clothing with a red sash.
On the other hand, among some peoples of Asia, yellow is the color of mourning, sorrow, sadness. In Europe, a yellow or yellow-black flag meant quarantine, and a yellow cross meant plague. Among the Slavic peoples, yellow is considered the color of jealousy, betrayal, and in Tibet, jealousy is literally called “yellow eye”. Let's also remember the "yellow press" and the "yellow house"

Blue color - meaning in psychology

If you want to calm down and inspire confidence in another person, it is recommended to use blue. With it, you can earn respect and emphasize your social status.
Blue color in psychology is a symbol of stability. It stimulates and motivates well, so it is recommended to paint the walls in the office with it.
Blue is a symbol of straightness and stability.
In the design of the hospital, this shade is used, since it has been proven that it gives strength to seriously ill people, helping them fight ailments. Athletes, training in the hall with blue walls, achieve the best results in competitions.

The meaning of brown in psychology

If a person prefers things with such a shade in his life, then this indicates his self-confidence. Psychologists recommend that you always use brown in moments of life when many problems arise. He inspires hope in a person that everything will turn out well.
Brown in psychology means that the people who choose it love to work and always tell the truth. When going to an interview, it is recommended to wear brown clothes.
It is associated with common sense, reliability and resilience, but it is also associated with frustration and depression.
Brown combines red, which contains aggression and activity, and yellow, which extinguishes these qualities.
Finding out the meaning of colors, it is worth pointing out that brown fans love life in all its manifestations, but at the same time they are reasonable. In critical situations, they can show composure and rationalism.
As for the sex life, the “brown” person prefers conservatism and traditionalism. For him, in the first place is the emotional state, and then, already physiology.

Burgundy color - meaning in psychology

To form this shade, red and brown are used, so the characteristics inherent in them are transferred to burgundy. In life, he is preferred by strong business people who are conservative, confident and solid.

Burgundy color in psychology personifies power and strength. If you often use it in clothes, you can develop assertiveness, stamina and determination.

It is important to bear in mind that in large quantities, Bordeaux begins to negatively affect the psyche and can cause depression, so psychologists recommend using color in doses.

When analyzing the meaning of colors, it is worth pointing out that people who wear burgundy things are energetic, and they have excellent organizational skills, but at the same time they are stingy with emotions.