The composition of the countries of southern Europe. Summary of the lesson "Countries of Southern Europe. Italy". Population and economic activity

The video tutorial allows you to get interesting and detailed information about the countries of Southern Europe. From the lesson you will learn about the composition of Southern Europe, the characteristics of the countries of the region, their geographical position, nature, climate, place in this subregion. The teacher will tell you in detail about the main country of Southern Europe - Italy. In addition, the lesson provides interesting information about a tiny country - the Vatican.

Topic: Regional characteristics of the world. Foreign Europe

Lesson:Southern Europe

Rice. 1. Map of the subregions of Europe. Southern Europe highlighted in green ()

Southern Europe- cultural and geographical region, which includes states located on the southern peninsular and insular parts of the region.

Compound:

1. Spain.

2. Andorra.

3. Portugal.

4. Italy.

5. Vatican.

6. San Marino.

7. Greece.

8. Croatia.

9. Montenegro.

10. Serbia.

11. Albania.

12. Slovenia.

13. Bosnia and Herzegovina.

14. Macedonia.

15. Malta.

16. Sometimes Cyprus is referred to as Southern Europe.

Southern Europe is washed by the waters mediterranean sea.

The climate in most of southern Europe is subtropical Mediterranean.

Almost the entire territory of Southern Europe is located within hard-leaved evergreen forests and shrubs.

The population of the region exceeds 160 million people.

Southern European countries with the largest population:

1. Italy (61 million people).

2. Spain (47 million people).

3. Portugal and Greece (11 million people each).

At the same time, the population of the Vatican is less than 1000 people, and the population density is almost 2000 people. per sq. km.

The most numerous peoples of Southern Europe:

1. Italians.

2. Spaniards.

3. Portuguese.

The religious composition of the region is diverse. In general, the southwestern countries of the region profess Catholicism, the southeastern countries - Orthodoxy, Albania and partly in Bosnia and Herzegovina - Islam.

Rice. 2. Map of the religious denominations of Europe (blue - Catholicism, purple - Protestantism, pink - Orthodoxy, yellow - Islam). ()

According to the form of government, Spain, Andorra, the Vatican are monarchies.

The most powerful economies in the region are Italy and Spain.

All the countries of Southern Europe are characterized by the modern type of population reproduction.

Most high level urbanization in Spain (91%) and Malta (89%).

In most countries, the mining industry, agriculture, mountain pastoral animal husbandry, the production of machinery and instruments, fabrics, leather, the cultivation of grapes and citrus fruits are widespread. Tourism is very common. Spain and Italy are world leaders in tourism. The main branch of specialization, in addition to international tourism, is Agriculture, in particular, this area is rich in grapes, olives, rather high rates in the cultivation of cereals and legumes (Spain - 22.6 million tons, Italy - 20.8 million tons), as well as vegetables and fruits (Spain - 11.5 million tons , Italy - 14.5 million tons). Despite the predominance of agriculture, there are also industrial areas, in particular, the cities of Genoa, Turin and Milan are the main industrial cities of Italy. It should be noted that they are located mainly in the north, closer to the countries of Western Europe.

Italy. Population - 61 million people (4th place in overseas Europe). Capital - Rome.

The full name is the Italian Republic. It borders France in the northwest, Switzerland and Austria in the north, and Slovenia in the northeast. It also has internal borders with the Vatican and San Marino. The country occupies the Apennine Peninsula, the Padan Plain, the southern slopes of the Alps, the islands of Sicily, Sardinia and a number of small islands.

Italy has a variety of minerals, but their deposits are for the most part small, dispersed over the territory, and often lie inconveniently for development. Italy is a developed industrial and agricultural country. It is characterized by a combination of highly developed industry in the north and backward agriculture in the southern regions. The economy is dominated by powerful industrial and banking monopolies. In agriculture, especially in the south, the survivals of feudalism are strong and backward forms of agriculture dominate. Much land still belongs to large landowners. Peasants rent tiny plots and pay for it up to half of the harvest. Italy is poor in coal and iron ore, but in its bowels there is a lot of mercury, pyrites, gas, marble, and sulfur. About 40% of the electricity consumed by the Italian industry is provided by hydroelectric power stations. The most powerful of them are built on the northern rivers. Italy became the first country in the world to make extensive use of groundwater heat for electricity generation. Several nuclear power plants have been built. The leading place in the industry is occupied by mechanical engineering. Italian factories produce cars, motorcycles, aircraft, and ships.

Over the past twenty years, 6 million Italians have left in search of work in other countries. The army of the unemployed is constantly replenished by ruined peasants. In Italian agriculture, the leading place belongs to agriculture. Dairy and meat animal husbandry is developed only in the northern regions. The most common cereals are wheat and corn.

Grapes are grown everywhere. The area occupied by vineyards is larger here than in any other country in the world. Italy exports a lot of wine, as well as oranges, lemons, and vegetables. There are many large industrial cities in the north. The most significant of them is Milan. It is the economic capital of Italy. Industrial districts surround the city in a continuous ring. The plants and factories of Milan are owned by several trusts that control a significant part of the country's industry.

On the coast of the Ligurian Sea, in Northern Italy, there is the largest seaport in the country - Genoa. Genoa is a large industrial city. Here are the country's largest shipyards, oil refineries, metallurgical and machine-building plants.

Of all the developed countries, Italy has the sharpest territorial contrasts in the level of industrialization. In Southern Italy, less than 15% of the economically active population is employed in industry, and about 40% in the Northwest. The vast majority of the most advanced science-intensive industries are also concentrated here.

The regional policy pursued by the Italian government and the EU is aimed at eliminating the economic backwardness of a number of central and southern regions of the country. The industrialization carried out in these areas involves the construction of small light and food industries in small and medium-sized towns in Central and Southern Italy. There is an accelerated development of coastal industrial centers (Ravenna, Taranto, Cagliari in Sardinia, etc.) based on the use of imported raw materials, in particular oil.

In the structure of Italian industry, there is a constant increase in the share of the manufacturing industry - the basis of Italian industry. The leading place in the manufacturing industry is occupied by the machine-building complex, whose share exceeds 35%. These include: general engineering; production of vehicles; production of electrical and electronic equipment; metalworking and production of metal products.

There is some lagging behind Italy from other industrial countries in terms of scientific potential, so the country in the MGRT specializes in the production of machinery and equipment of medium and low science intensity, supplying a fairly wide range of engineering products to the world market. In particular, it is one of the largest manufacturers of agricultural machinery, electrical household, packaging and food equipment, machine tools, textile machinery, rolling stock and other vehicles.

Italy is one of the world's largest producers and exporters of consumer goods of high quality and exquisite design.

Fuel and energy complex. Italy is extremely poor in energy sources and has an unfavorable energy balance. On average, only 17% of needs are covered by own resources. Almost 70% of the energy balance comes from oil. According to this indicator, Italy is comparable among post-industrial countries only with Japan: about 15% - for natural gas, 7 - 8% - for coal, hydro- and geothermal energy. Own oil production is small - 1.5 million tons per year. Italy buys 98% of all oil consumed abroad (over 75 million tons). Oil comes from Saudi Arabia, Libya, Russia. Italy has the largest Western Europe in terms of installed capacity by the oil refining industry (200 million tons), but the degree of its use is very low. Gas is imported from Russia, Algeria, the Netherlands. Italy buys about 80% of solid fuel. Hard coal is imported from the USA and South Africa.

Over 3/4 of electricity is generated at thermal power plants, which use mainly fuel oil. Therefore, electricity is expensive, there is a large import of electricity from France. After the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, it was decided to stop the operation of existing nuclear power plants and not build new ones. The main goals of the state energy program are to save energy consumption and reduce oil imports.

Ferrous metallurgy of Italy works on imported raw materials. Own production is insignificant - 185 thousand tons per year. Coking coal is imported entirely from abroad, mainly from the USA. Italy is a major exporter of scrap metal, as well as ores of alloying metals.

The import of raw materials for the industry predetermined the placement of the largest metallurgical plants on the sea coast in Genoa, Naples, Piombino, Taranto (the last, the largest in the EU, with a capacity of 10 million tons of steel per year).

On the world market, Italy specializes in the production of thin, cold-rolled steel and steel pipes. The main products of non-ferrous metallurgy are aluminum, zinc, lead and mercury.

The country ranks second in the EU and sixth in the world in metal rolling, accounting for 40% of ferrous metal production in the EU.

The Italian chemical industry specializes in the production of petrochemicals, polymers (especially polyethylene, polypropylene) and synthetic fibers.

The industry is highly monopolized, dominated by large firms. ENI ranks first in Europe in the production of acrylic fibers, second in the production of plastics, and third in the production of fertilizers. "Montedison" provides 1/4 of the production of chemical fertilizers in the country. "SNIA" specializes in the production of chemical fibers, plastics, dyes, plant protection products, medicines.

Italy ranks fifth in the world in drug production.

The oldest and most important region of the chemical industry is the North-West. Due to the aggravation of the ecological situation, the lack of free space, and difficulties with power supply, this region specializes in the production of fine chemicals. Major centers are: Milan, Turin, Mantua, Savona, Novara, Genoa.

Northeast Italy specializes in the production of bulk petrochemicals, fertilizers, synthetic rubber (Venice, Porto Marghera, Ravenna).

Profile of Central Italy - inorganic chemistry(Rosignano, Follonica, Piombino, Terni and others).

Southern Italy specializes in the production of organic synthesis products, mineral fertilizers (Brenzi, Augusta, Gele, Torto Torres and others).

Mechanical engineering is the leading branch of Italian industry. It employs 2/5 of all industrial workers, creates 1/3 of the total value of industrial output and 1/3 of the country's exports.

The industry is characterized by a high share of transport engineering in production and exports. Italy is one of the world's leading car manufacturers. The largest automobile company is Fiat (Italian car factory in Turin). It is diversified and produces locomotives and wagons, tractors, ship and aircraft engines, road transport vehicles, machine tools, and robots. The capital of Fiat is Turin, where the headquarters and the largest Mirafiori factory are located; automobile plants have also been built in Milan, Naples, Bolzano, and Modena. The company has its branches in many countries of the world. In the 1960s participated in the construction of the giant plant VAZ in Togliatti. Fiat is one of the top ten largest car manufacturers, accounting for 5.3% of world production.

Rice. 4. Car "FIAT" 1899. ()

Ferrari is known for making racing cars.

The international specialization of Italy is the production of not only cars, but also motorcycles, scooters, mopeds and bicycles.

Shipbuilding is a crisis branch of transport engineering; the tonnage of ships launched annually does not exceed 250 - 350 thousand barrels. reg. t. Shipbuilding centers: Monofalcone, Genoa, Trieste, Taranto.

Diverse products manufactured by the electrical industry - refrigerators, washing machines, televisions. The industry is highly concentrated in Milan, its suburbs and in neighboring cities - Varese, Como and Bergamo.

The production of products in electronics is growing. Italy manufactures personal computers, electronic components.

Light industry was developed in Italy. The country is one of the world's largest producers and exporters of cotton and woolen fabrics, clothing and footwear, furniture, jewelry and earthenware, etc. Italy ranks second in the world after China in the production of footwear. Italy is famous for its designer houses.

Rice. 5. Giorgio Armani - Italian fashion designer ()

Services sector. Tourism and banking play a leading role in the industry. Tourism is the most important source of income. More than 50 million tourists visit Italy every year. More than 3/4 of the total turnover of the Italian tourism business falls on three cities: Rome, Venice and Florence. Almost all tourists arriving in Rome visit the unique state of the Vatican. So-called shopping tourism is also developing, attracting wholesalers of Italian small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as individual consumers of Italian clothing and footwear.

In Italy, all types of transport are well developed. More than 90% of passengers and 80% of cargo are transported by cars. The main transport artery of the country is the "freeway of the sun", connecting Turin and Milan through Bologna and Florence with Rome. In the external transport of goods, maritime transport prevails; 80 - 90% of imported goods are delivered by sea. The largest ports are Genoa (handling 50 million tons per year) and Trieste (35 million tons per year). The country's main coastal port is Naples.

Agriculture is dominated by crop production. The main crops are wheat, corn, rice (1st place in terms of collection in Europe; over 1 million tons per year), sugar beet. Italy is one of the world's largest and Europe's leading producers of citrus fruits (over 3.3 million tons per year), tomatoes (over 5.5 million tons), grapes (about 10 million tons per year; over 90% is processed into wine) , olives. Floriculture and poultry farming are developed.

Vatican located on the Vatican Hill in the northwestern part of Rome, a few hundred meters from the Tiber. The Vatican is surrounded on all sides by Italian territory. The Vatican has a non-profit planned economy. Sources of income - primarily donations from Catholics around the world. Part of the funds is tourism (sale of postage stamps, Vatican euro coins, souvenirs, fees for visiting museums). Most of the workforce (museum attendants, gardeners, janitors, and so on) are Italian citizens.

Almost the entire population of the Vatican is subjects of the Holy See (citizenship of the Vatican does not exist).

The status of the Vatican international law- auxiliary sovereign territory of the Holy See, the residence of the highest spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church. The sovereignty of the Vatican is not independent (national), but stems from the sovereignty of the Holy See. In other words, its source is not the population of the Vatican, but the papacy.

Homework

Topic 6, Item 3

1. What are the features geographical location Southern Europe?

2. Tell us about the economy of Italy.

Bibliography

Main

1. Geography. A basic level of. 10-11 cells: Textbook for educational institutions/ A.P. Kuznetsov, E.V. Kim. - 3rd ed., stereotype. - M.: Bustard, 2012. - 367 p.

2. Economic and social geography of the world: Proc. for 10 cells. educational institutions / V.P. Maksakovskiy. - 13th ed. - M .: Education, JSC "Moscow textbooks", 2005. - 400 p.

3. Atlas with a set of contour maps for grade 10. Economic and social geography of the world. - Omsk: Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Omsk Cartographic Factory", 2012. - 76 p.

Additional

1. Economic and social geography of Russia: Textbook for universities / Ed. prof. A.T. Khrushchev. - M.: Bustard, 2001. - 672 p.: ill., cart.: tsv. incl.

Encyclopedias, dictionaries, reference books and statistical collections

1. Geography: a guide for high school students and university applicants. - 2nd ed., corrected. and dorab. - M.: AST-PRESS SCHOOL, 2008. - 656 p.

Literature for preparing for the GIA and the Unified State Examination

1. Thematic control in geography. Economic and social geography of the world. Grade 10 / E.M. Ambartsumova. - M.: Intellect-Centre, 2009. - 80 p.

2. The most complete edition of standard variants real tasks USE: 2010. Geography / Comp. Yu.A. Solovyov. - M.: Astrel, 2010. - 221 p.

3. The optimal bank of tasks for preparing students. Unified state exam 2012. Geography: Tutorial/ Comp. EM. Ambartsumova, S.E. Dyukov. - M.: Intellect-Centre, 2012. - 256 p.

4. The most complete edition of typical options for real USE assignments: 2010. Geography / Comp. Yu.A. Solovyov. - M.: AST: Astrel, 2010. - 223 p.

5. Geography. Diagnostic work in the format of the Unified State Examination 2011. - M .: MTSNMO, 2011. - 72 p.

6. USE 2010. Geography. Collection of tasks / Yu.A. Solovyov. - M.: Eksmo, 2009. - 272 p.

7. Tests in geography: Grade 10: to the textbook by V.P. Maksakovskiy “Economic and social geography of the world. Grade 10 / E.V. Baranchikov. - 2nd ed., stereotype. - M.: Publishing house "Exam", 2009. - 94 p.

8. Study guide for geography. Tests and practical tasks in geography / I.A. Rodionov. - M.: Moscow Lyceum, 1996. - 48 p.

9. The most complete edition of typical options for real USE assignments: 2009. Geography / Comp. Yu.A. Solovyov. - M.: AST: Astrel, 2009. - 250 p.

10. Unified state exam 2009. Geography. Universal materials for the preparation of students / FIPI - M .: Intellect-Center, 2009. - 240 p.

11. Geography. Answers on questions. Oral exam, theory and practice / V.P. Bondarev. - M.: Publishing house "Exam", 2003. - 160 p.

12. USE 2010. Geography: thematic training tasks / O.V. Chicherina, Yu.A. Solovyov. - M.: Eksmo, 2009. - 144 p.

13. USE 2012. Geography: Standard exam options: 31 options / Ed. V.V. Barabanova. - M.: national education, 2011. - 288 p.

14. USE 2011. Geography: Standard exam options: 31 options / Ed. V.V. Barabanova. - M.: National Education, 2010. - 280 p.

Materials on the Internet

1. Federal Institute pedagogical measurements ().

2. federal portal Russian Education ().

List of countries in southern Europe. Tourism: capitals, cities and resorts. Maps of foreign states of the Southern Europe region.

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The sunniest, most cheerful and fertile region of the Old World, Southern Europe seems to have been created by the Creator exclusively for the tireless enjoyment of life. Absolutely everything that the soul and body needs is harmoniously combined in its open spaces: a wonderful climate, a warm sea and wonderful beaches - for any color and texture: pebble, white sand, and rocky, delicious, and most importantly, healthy cuisine, on whose ingredients they acquire a healthy blush even for slender young ladies, a variety of wines (also for every color and taste), and finally - an impressive number of sights and cultural objects, as well as (where without it!) Exciting and, importantly, high-quality shopping. In a word, there would be a desire - to realize anything is possible in Southern Europe.

It is easy to remember the countries of the region by reaffirming the rule: this includes everything related to the “southern shores”, primarily the coast of the Mediterranean Sea.

These are the states located on the Iberian and Apennine Peninsulas: Portugal, Spain, Andorra and Italy, Vatican City, San Marino, respectively, plus the owners of their own access to the sea Monaco and Greece, the blessed Mediterranean islands of Malta and Cyprus and the countries of the Balkan Peninsula : Croatia, Montenegro, Serbia, Albania, Macedonia, etc.

From a tourist point of view, Southern Europe is the most resort region of the "civilized" abroad, without focusing on the Arab surroundings or tropical exoticism. A high-quality beach holiday in a sedately noble European setting with a large share of spiritual food in the form of a rich “excursion”. Among other things, all the conditions for the “exchange of experience” are created here - thanks to a single Schengen visa, it costs nothing to combine a vacation somewhere on the Cote d'Azur with an excursion in the footsteps (and works) of da Vinci or a good time on the Alpine heights. As for the pricing policy, here Southern Europe offers simply mass coverage: if you want, go to the popular Greek resort for a couple of hundred EUR “from the nose”, or if you want, go to the pompous openwork palace on the Croisette. In this sense, South European beaches compare favorably with exotic ones - the shock of all five senses, of course, is not the same, but tourists with any scale of spending can afford to splash around in foreign territorial waters.

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Somewhere in the Mediterranean

What else is good about Southern Europe is the climate that is pleasant for the domestic sense of touch. On the one hand, there are no sudden changes in the weather - summers are traditionally hot, winters are moderately cool. On the other hand, the longed-for warmth in the midst of the Russian winter (say, +18 ° C on the Italian "heel" in January) and the real Mediterranean summer, as opposed to the restless northern cyclones - with air trembling from the heat, cicadas torn in every way, piercing blue of the sea and sky and soothing warm evenings somewhere on the terrace of a fish restaurant in Cyprus.

And of course, one cannot fail to mention the mouth-watering dishes of South European cuisines, the mere sight of which makes even the staunchest adherents of gastronomic asceticism cloud their minds. All those soft cheeses, olives and new wine, juicy tomatoes and fresh herbs, a deafening variety of fish and seafood, an Edenic amount of ripe fruits, sweets, cakes and tartlets... In general, you already understood that in Southern Europe you should definitely go into everything heavy, despite the conventions and despite the treacherously crawling to the next "top ten" arrow of the scales!

The article contains geographical characteristics region. Describes the economic features of the countries of Southern Europe. Contains interesting historical facts.

Briefly about the countries of Southern Europe

Southern Europe is the cradle of the greatest ancient civilizations, as well as the birthplace of the championing of Christianity throughout Europe. This region has produced the world's greatest explorers and conquerors. Southern Europe has a grandiose history. Evidence of this can be architectural structures and monuments of art.

The region's economy is based on:

mining industry;
animal husbandry;
agriculture;
the manufacture of machines and devices;
skin;
textiles;
cultivation of agricultural and horticultural crops.

The main branch of specialization is agriculture. In addition, tourism infrastructure is actively developed in Southern Europe.

Rice. 1. San Marino.

The largest industrial centers are located in the northern regions of the region.

List of Southern European countries and their capitals

Southern Europe is a region of the globe, which is localized in the southern European latitudes.

Rice. 3. Maltese representation in Rome.

The states that make up the content of the region are located for the most part on the Mediterranean coast.

Belgrade received city status in the 2nd century. This happened during the existence of the Roman Empire. Around the year 520, Slavic people began to inhabit the city.

The total population is close to 160 million people.

States of Southern Europe and their capitals:

Albania - Tirana;
Greece - Athens;
Bosnia and Herzegovina - Sarajevo;
Vatican - Vatican;
Italy Rome;
Spain Madrid;
Macedonia - Skopje;
Malta - Valletta;
San Marino - San Marino;
Portugal - Lisbon;
Slovenia - Ljubljana;
Serbia - Belgrade;
Croatia - Zagreb;
Montenegro - Podgorica.

The geographical specificity of the countries of Southern Europe, which are located on the peninsular and island areas of the Mediterranean, is that they are located on the main sea routes from Europe to Asia, Africa, and Australia. All states of the region are historically and economically closely connected with the sea.

What have we learned?

We found out which of the states that make up the region is the smallest, as well as which countries are included in Southern Europe. We learned the reason for the economic stability of some states of Southern Europe. Get an idea of the geographic location of the region.

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Southern Europe is a geographic region, which usually includes countries located on the coast, regardless of their culture and history. Thus, in addition to those powers that are part of social concept Europe, the western part of Turkey is often equated with this region, although this issue is still controversial.

Countries in this region

The states that are located in this are well known to everyone, so now we will briefly list them, and also call their capitals:

Albania - Tirana.
Serbia - Belgrade.
Bosnia and Herzegovina - Sarajevo.
Cyprus - Nicosia.
Macedonia - Skopje.
Slovenia - Ljubljana.
San Marino - San Marino.
Croatia - Zagreb.
Portugal - Lisbon.
Spain Madrid.
Montenegro - Podgorica.
Monaco - Monaco.
Italy Rome.
Andorra - Andorra la Vella.
Greece - Athens.
Vatican - Vatican.
Malta - Valletta.

In addition to Turkey, there is another "disputed" country that some geographers include in this area - France. However, the majority does not accept this version, based on the fact that the climate in this state is too cold.

Geographical position

The southern part of Europe is conveniently located on the peninsulas, which, with their shores, overlook the waters of the Mediterranean Sea and Atlantic Ocean. For example, Spain and Portugal, as well as Andorra, are on Italy, San Marino and the Vatican are on the Apennine, and Greece is on the Balkan. Powers such as Cyprus and Malta do occupy separate islands located in the Mediterranean basin. It is due to the fact that all these countries are facing the waters of this warm sea, the climate here has developed very mild and warm. It is called so - the Mediterranean, and depending on the latitude, the name changes from subtropical to tropical. Southern Europe is a very mountainous area. In its western part, Spain separated from France by the Pyrenees, in the central Alps they pass clearly along the border of Italy, and in the east the Southern Carpathians approach the region.

Territory and population

The diversity of nature, relief, cultures and population, as well as many mysteries and secrets, keeps the historical region of Southern Europe. Its area is 1033 thousand square meters. km., and the total population is over 120 million people. However, it is impossible to say something general about the culture of the entire region. Differences can be seen even in the fact that some countries are too urbanized, while the inhabitants of others prefer to live in villages. For example, in Spain the percentage of urbanization is 91%, in Italy - 72%, and in Portugal - only 48%. Remarkably, almost all of Southern Europe is inhabited by the indigenous inhabitants of this area - Mediterranean Caucasians live here. Many countries have a minimum percentage of natural population growth. Therefore, this race is considered one of the aging on earth.

Local climate and tourism

Everyone knows that the southern cities of Europe are a real magnet for any traveler. Some go here to see the sights, but most people come to the Mediterranean resorts to enjoy the local warmth and sun. The most important thing is that in the summer months it is not stuffy and not sultry here, but simply very warm. The air temperature rises to 28-30 degrees, and the coolness that comes from the sea fills the air with moisture, which makes it much easier to endure the heat. Such well-known resort cities as Genoa, Malaga, Barcelona, Lisbon, Cadiz, Athens, Naples and many others annually gather millions of tourists from all over the world.

Nature and economics

Southern Europe is a rich region. A lot of minerals are concentrated in its bowels - mercury, copper, aluminum, uranium, gas, sulfur, mica and much more. Therefore, it is well developed here. In regions remote from cities, there are numerous farms, in connection with this, most of the rural population of Europe is engaged in animal husbandry. Each of the above countries receives a considerable share of income from tourism. This region is considered one of the most visited in the world, because there are hotels and restaurants for every taste and budget. But nevertheless, agriculture is considered the most important, and most importantly, the most ancient in Southern Europe. Nature decreed that it is here that olives, grapes, citrus fruits, dates, legumes grow best, and, of course, a wide variety of vegetables and fruits.

Conclusion

The region of Southern Europe is not only an attractive and picturesque corner of the world, but also a historically important territory. A significant part of world culture was born here, which later spread to other areas of the planet. The great heritage of Greece and Rome, the barbarism of Gaul and other regions of the Iberian Peninsula - all this came together and became the basis for our current traditions.

Southern Europe is a region located in the south of Europe. The countries that make up this region are located mainly on the Mediterranean coast. The population is approximately 160 million people.

List of Southern European countries: Albania, Greece, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Vatican, Italy, Spain, Macedonia, Malta, San Marino, Portugal, Slovenia, Serbia, Croatia, Montenegro.

The most big country Italy, with a population of 61 million people, and the smallest San Marino, with a population of just over 30 thousand people. The population density is quite high, on average from 10 people per km2.

In the countries of Southern Europe, there is mainly a subtropical Mediterranean climate, the average summer temperature is +25 degrees, and in winter - +8 degrees. The fauna and flora of this part of Europe is represented by species that have not been affected by the glacier. You can meet roe deer, markhorn goats, servals, monitor lizards, foxes, badgers and raccoons, and from the fauna: holm oaks, olives, myrtles, cypresses, junipers, chestnuts and other amazing plants. Every year, the pleasant Mediterranean climate attracts millions of tourists from all over the world.

The economy of Southern Europe is based on mining, animal husbandry, agriculture, machinery and equipment, leather, fabrics, citrus and grapes. Autumn tourism is highly developed, Spain is in second place in the world in tourism, after France. And yet, the main industry of specialization, if we exclude tourism, is agriculture, olives, grapes, cereals and legumes, as well as fruits and vegetables are grown in Southern Europe. And in the north of the region are industrial cities such as Turin, Geno and Milan.

Southern Europe is the birthplace of the largest ancient civilizations (Greek, Roman, Gaul, etc.), the birthplace of the largest defender of Christian Europe, the birthplace of the greatest explorers and conquerors, and last but not least, the birthplace of great scientists and athletes. Southern Europe has great story, many evidence of which has survived to this day, in the form of architecture and the greatest works of art.