Introduction

Fiery forties. Much has been written about them and more will be written, for the theme of the feat of arms is inexhaustible. The harsh years of the Great Patriotic War will never be erased in the memory of the people. A bright page in the history of the war was written by the working people of the hero city of Moscow. The eyes of millions of Soviet people and all freedom-loving mankind were riveted to Moscow. Moscow was for them the personification of the will to win, the personification of heroism, resilience and courage. In bronze, granite and marble obelisks, sculptures, memorial plaques, and the names of streets and squares, Moscow immortalized the memory of the glorious warriors who became the pride of our people. To visit these places means to touch the glory of fathers and grandfathers, to bow before their courage and heroism shown in the fight against the enemy.

German fascism, which trampled on the state and national independence of the majority of peoples Western Europe, June 22, 1941 attacked our state. In one fleeting campaign, the Nazi command expected to destroy our Armed Forces and in a month and a half to reach the Arkhangelsk-Volga-Astrakhan line. The capture of Moscow and the Central Industrial Region was the main political and strategic goal of this plan. In the autumn of 1941, the future of all mankind was decided here.

Every day Moscow acquired new features of a front-line city. She became more and more severe. Immersed in the darkness of its streets and avenues. As a result of camouflage, the Moscow Kremlin became unrecognizable. Thick covers covered the light of the Kremlin stars. Black, green, oblique and broken stripes appeared on the white stone walls of the Assumption, Annunciation and Archangel Cathedrals. Always noisy Moscow streets have become junctions of front roads. Night and day on the roads was the rumble of tanks, the rumble of tractors. Among the defenders of Moscow, an honorable place is occupied by the soldiers of the Kremlin garrison, who defended the most important objects of the capital and its ancient monuments. In honor of the fallen heroes, a plaque was installed on the Arsenal building in the Kremlin, on which exciting words are inscribed: “Eternal glory to the soldiers, sergeants and officers of the Moscow Kremlin garrison who died defending Moscow and the Moscow Kremlin from Nazi air raids in the years of the Great Patriotic War”.

Memorial "Tomb of the Unknown Soldier"

In December 1966, when the 25th anniversary of the defeat of the Nazi troops near Moscow was celebrated, the remains of the Unknown Soldier, who died a heroic death while defending the Soviet capital, were buried near the ancient Kremlin wall, in the Alexander Garden. Prior to that, the ashes of the hero rested on the 40th kilometer from Moscow along the Leningradskoye highway - at the turn, where fierce battles took place in the fall of 1941. Taking into your sacred ground the remains of a hero, Moscow thereby perpetuated the memory of all those who gave their lives for the freedom of the Fatherland.

The monument is a monumental architectural ensemble (authors - architects D. Burdin, V. Klimov, and Yu. Rabaev). Above the burial place of the Unknown Soldier, in the center is a large area. Above it rises a tombstone with five steps made of red granite. Exciting words are inscribed on the slab: "Your name is not known, your feat is immortal." A bronze lamp in the form of a five-pointed star is mounted at the base of the platform. In its center burns the fire of Eternal glory.

To the left of the grave there is a granite pylon with an inscription: “1941 to those who fell for the Motherland 1945”. To the right is a row of memorial blocks. Under their slabs are capsules with the sacred land of hero cities. Here the land is Piskarevsky cemetery, where the defenders of Leningrad are buried, who defended the city during the blockade; from the mass graves of Kyiv and Mamayev Kurgan, where the Great Battle of the Volga was fought. Here is land from the Malakhov Kurgan, from the “Glory Belt” of Odessa, and land taken at the gates of the Brest Fortress. The other three memorial blocks perpetuated the memory of Minsk, Kerch, and Novorossiysk. The tenth memorial block is dedicated to the hero city of Tula. This entire memorial row is made of dark red porphyry. The tombstone of the soldier forever covered the battle red banner, cast from ageless copper. A soldier's helmet and a laurel branch, a symbol of popular honor to the hero, are made of the same metal. At the Eternal Flame, blazing in the very center of Moscow, the words shine: Leningrad, Kyiv, Minsk, Volgograd, Sevastopol, Odessa, Kerch, Novorossiysk, Tula, Brest Fortress. Behind each of these names is boundless devotion to the Motherland, boundless fortitude and heroism.

Poklonnaya Gora

Poklonnaya Hill is the most significant monument built in honor of the victory in the Great Patriotic War. The grand opening of the Victory Memorial in Moscow took place on May 9, 1995. February 23, 1958 Poklonnaya Hill a memorial granite sign was erected with the inscription: “A monument to the Victory of the Soviet people in the Great Patriotic War will be erected here.” Soldiers marched past him in a ceremonial march. Trees were planted around, a park was laid, which was named after the Victory. In the 1970s and 1980s, 194 million rubles were collected from community work days and personal contributions from citizens. A plot of land of 135 hectares was allocated for the entire complex.

A lot of work has begun on design, discussion and selection best project the main monument of freedom. At the time, however, the issue remained unresolved, as none of those submitted to the competition were accepted. Everything remained unchanged until the general management of the construction of the Memorial was taken over by Moscow Mayor Yu.M. Luzhkov. And the construction, which threatened to fail, was completed in three years.

The Memorial includes: the main monument of the Victory (designed by Z. Tsereteli) 142 meters high; Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945 with an area of 33992 sq.m. with adjoining art gallery area of 3550 sq.m; Victory Park, spread over 135 hectares; Church of the Holy Great Martyr George the Victorious, consecrated on May 6, 1995 (architect A. Polyansky, decoration by Z. Tsereteli); outdoor exhibitions - military equipment and weapons, military equipment of the Navy, railway troops, engineering structures; administrative buildings of the museum, a depository with a restoration workshop, etc. In Victory Park there are monuments to “Defenders of the Russian Land” (sculptor A. Bichugov), “To All the Fallen” (sculptor V. Znoba) and a memorial sign “A monument to the fallen defenders of Moscow will be erected here”.

Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945 located in the heart of Victory Park. The introductory hall of the museum is decorated with a marble staircase, at the end of which are placed the Shield and Sword of Victory, made by Zlatoust masters. Busts of Marshal are also installed here. Soviet Union G.K. Zhukov; Generalissimo A.V. Suvorov, Field Marshal M.I. Kutuzov.

The memorial part of the museum is the Hall of Glory, 25 meters high, 50 meters in diameter. On the marble walls of this hall are the surnames, names and patronymics of the Heroes of the Soviet Union, awarded this title for their exploits during the Great Patriotic War. In the center of the hall there is a sculpture “Soldier of Victory”, 10 meters high. The author of this sculpture is V.I. Chill. Under the dome of the hall are bas-reliefs of hero cities, above the wreath of glory. The vault of the dome is crowned with the order "Victory".

A military-historical exposition with relics of the war years is deployed in three exposition halls of the Guards. The Hall of Memory with the sculpture “Grieving Mother” (sculptor L. Kerbel) leaves a deep impression. The books of memory contain the names of those who died in the Great Patriotic War. On the outside of the Hall of Memory are the numbers and honorary names of the military formations of the Red Army.

Around the Hall of Remembrance there are 6 dioramas of the largest battles: “Counteroffensive of the Soviet troops near Moscow in December 1941”, “Connection of fronts. Stalingrad”, “Siege of Leningrad”, “Kursk Bulge”, “Forcing the Dnieper. 1943”, “Storm of Berlin”. Dioramas made by masters of battle painting studio named after M.B. Grekov, occupy an area of 1500 sq.m.

The author of the diorama “Counteroffensive of the Soviet troops near Moscow in December 1941”, Danilevsky Evgeny Mikhailovich, based the plot on the events of November-December 1941 in the north-west of Moscow in the Yakhroma region and associated with the beginning of the defeat of the Nazi troops. Main blow the enemy wanted to attack Moscow through Dmitrov along the eastern bank of the Moscow-Volga canal. The main enemy forces were concentrated here: one tank, one infantry, one motorized division. The result of this battle was a serious defeat of the "Center" grouping. The front line moved 100-170 km west of Moscow. This was the first victory of our troops.

A rich archive of film and photo documents allows you to show the visitors of the museum military everyday life literally day after day. The cycle of newsreels about military operations at the fronts and the life of the home front, which is shown in the museum, is called “War Day”.

Based on unique materials, the guides of the Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War tell visitors about the work of home front workers during the war years, about the anti-Hitler coalition, about the role of the Russian Orthodox Church in defeating the enemy, about famous battles and battles, about famous generals and commanders, about soldiers and sailors, whose feat of arms led to the capitulation of Nazi Germany on May 8, 1945, to the holding of the Victory Parade in Moscow on Red Square on June 24, 1945 and the end of the Second World War.

Monument to the Defenders of Moscow (Leningradskoe shosse 40th kilometer)

40th kilometer of the Leningrad highway... The city of Zelenograd is one of the newest and most beautiful districts of Moscow. It spread freely in the forest near Moscow near the Kryukovo station. Here in November-December 1941. The defenders of the Motherland fought to the death. From here they began their victorious journey to the west. In the history of the great battle for Moscow, the battle near Kryukovo is one of its brightest pages. At the end of November 1941 two groups of Nazi troops broke into this area, previously operating one in Volokolamsk, the other in Klin directions. The enemy sought to crack the defenses of our troops on the move and break through to the capital. The soldiers of the Eighth Guards named after I.V. had a chance to defend Kryukovo. Panfilov of the rifle division, the second guards cavalry corps of General L.M. Dovator and the First Guards Tank Brigade, General M.E. Katukov. Desperately, despising death, they fought for every street, for every house. Our soldiers retreated only on the night of December 3rd. They understood that Kryukovo had become a stronghold of the enemy, wedged into our defenses near Moscow. To knock him out of these positions is a task of paramount importance. On January 4-6, attacks on the enemy dug in in Kryukovo were carried out by units of the 44th Cavalry and 8th Guards Divisions, together with the 1st tank brigade. The Nazis stubbornly resisted, did everything to contain the onslaught of our troops. In these battles, our soldiers performed feats of unfading glory. Only on December 6, 200 enemy soldiers and officers were destroyed. As a result of heavy fighting, the enemy was broken and on December 8th he fled from Kryukovo in a panic. Thousands of soldiers and officers died, throwing the enemy away from Moscow at the cost of their lives.

June 24, 1974 the opening of a monument to the defenders of Moscow, designed by architects I. Pokrovsky, Yu. Sverdlovsky and A. Shteiman, took place. At the grand opening there were those who had traveled the roads of the war to Berlin and those who, remaining in the rear, forged formidable weapons, and those who, having been born after the war, had never heard the thunder of cannons.

On the hill of Glory, which forever covered the ashes of the heroes, a forty-meter obelisk in the form of a trihedral bayonet rises. The contours of a five-pointed star are embossed on it. At an angle to the obelisk stands a monumental stele with a bas-relief of a warrior. A heavy helmet shadows his eyes, sternly looking out of the stone. A laurel branch is carved on one of the blocks. The words are inscribed next to it: “1941. Here, the defenders of Moscow, who died in the battle for their homeland, remained forever immortal.

At the foot of the hill on a black marble slab is a bronze bowl. On its inner side there is an ornament made of red copper - an oak branch - a symbol of eternal life. On the cup there is an inscription: "The Motherland will never forget its sons."

Monument to the Moscow heroes-militias.

In the terrible time of danger hanging over the Motherland, hundreds of thousands of workers of Moscow went to the people's militia. In the first days of the war alone, Muscovites filed 167,470 applications. Within four days, 12 divisions of the people's militia were created in Moscow. It was envisaged that they would carry the defense on the near approaches to the capital. But the situation at the front developed in such a way that in mid-July all the militia divisions advanced to the distant approaches, occupying the second line of defense at the turn: Lake Seliger - Rzhev - Vyazma - Dorogobuzh - Lyudinovo. In September 1941 Moscow divisions of the people's militia were included in the regular formations. The Moscow People's Militia carried their battle flags high, sacredly preserving the glorious fighting traditions of the Muscovites. For courage and steadfastness shown in battles with the enemy, three divisions - the Leningrad, Kyiv and Kuibyshev regions of Moscow were awarded the high rank of guards. The Union of Artists presented the workers of the Voroshilovsky District with a sculptural composition, which immortalized the feat of the militia in bronze. It was installed on Narodnogo Opolcheniya Street on May 8, 1974. Sculptor O. Kiryukhin. A memorial plaque has been opened on one of the residential buildings. It is inscribed in gold with the words:

The Street of the People's Militia was named in 1964. in honor of those formed in Moscow in 1941. divisions of the people's militia who fought for the freedom and independence of our Motherland and took part in the defeat of the fascist hordes near Moscow.

Mikhailova street

Evgeny Vitalievich Mikhailov belongs to the number of glorious pilots who repeated the feat of Nikolai Gastetello.

A monument to him was erected on the street named after him (sculptor G. Shakirov). The face of a young man in a flight helmet, as it were, protrudes from a steel stele, symbolizing the wing of an aircraft.

In March 1944 on his combat account there were 83 sorties and 5 enemy aircraft shot down. He was twice awarded military orders, front-line newspapers wrote about him. March 17, 1944 Evgeny Mikhailov, having completed the task, sent his plane to the base. Fascist anti-aircraft gunners fired from the ground. The gas tank was pierced by shrapnel, flames flashed on the wing. It was possible to jump out with a parachute, but there are enemies on the ground. The brave falcon preferred death to captivity. But he wanted this death to cost the Nazis dearly. And the pilot sent the burning plane to the train with fuel, standing on the tracks of the railway station ...

October 26, 1944 Evgeny Vitalyevich Mikhailov was awarded the high title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

There is a memorial plaque in the lobby of the Moscow school where the hero studied. At the site of Mikhailov's death, a bronze bust of the hero was erected on a high marble pedestal.

Rogachevsky lane

December 1, 1941 at the fork of the Rogachev highway near the village of Kiovo, the last attempt of the Nazi troops to break through our defenses failed. Positions there were held by artillerymen of the 13th battery of the 864th anti-aircraft regiment. Two 85-mm guns of this battery, located on the sides of the Rogachev highway, in a fierce and bloody battle, one after another, repelled the attacks of the Nazis, destroying 6 tanks and hundreds of Nazis. On December 2, the last counterattack was delivered. As a result, the enemy's attempt to break through to Moscow along the Rogachev highway was thwarted. In memory of the battles on the Rogachev highway, one of the Moscow lanes, located in the Timiryazevsky district, got its name. A memorial was erected at the fork of the Rogachevskoye and Krasnopolyanskoye highways - an anti-aircraft gun on a concrete pedestal.

Monument to the soldiers of the 3rd shock army. Silver Forest. Tamanskaya street.

April 27, 1975 In commemoration of the 30th anniversary of the Victory of the people over Nazi Germany, in Serebryany Bor, one of the picturesque districts of Moscow, a grand opening of a monument dedicated to the soldiers of the 3rd shock army took place. It is a large rectangular stele designed by the Muscovite artist A.A. Andreeva. The facade of the monument is a giant five-pointed star made of steel. Beneath a color photograph of the fascist Reichstag on fire, a red stripe skillfully embedded in concrete marks the battle path of this illustrious army.

The inscription reads:

Here in Serebryany Bor in December 1941. the headquarters of the 3rd shock army was located, whose troops took part in the defeat of the enemy near Moscow, liberated the cities and settlements Kalinin and Pskov regions, Soviet Latvia and Poland. In 1945 stormed Berlin and hoisted the banner of victory over the Reichstag.

Plant "Compressor" Memorial plaque, monument.

The Moscow Kompressor plant became the first enterprise in the country to establish serial production of the famous Katyusha rocket launchers. This task was set before the management of the plant at the end of June 1941. The factory workers showed genuine labor heroism, and in August the first BM-13 installations were presented for testing.

The gunners who were present at them were delighted with the effect of this formidable weapon. By the beginning of December 1941. as part of the three fronts that went on the counteroffensive, there were already 415 rocket artillery installations. On the territory of the plant, as a monument to the labor glory of workers, there is a “Katyusha” on a granite pedestal, and a memorial plaque is installed on the facade of the building. On the golden marble the words burn:

Here in the harsh years of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. The workers of the Kompressor plant forged weapons that were formidable to the enemy: rocket-propelled mortars, the famous Katyushas.

Yablochkov street. Square, monument-monument.

The burning tank rushed forward, through the hurricane of enemy artillery fire, through a minefield in which several tanks had already been blown up. Only a few meters remained until the end, when a mine exploded under the caterpillar. Dare overtook the heroic crew, but a passage was made in the minefield, and our tanks rushed into it. This feat near the walls of the old Russian city of Kozelsk was performed by tankers from one of the units of the 3rd Panzer Army. This army was formed in 1942. mainly from volunteers - Muscovites and Tula and became the first major tank unit. Now, in a small park on Yablochkova Street in Moscow, there is a monument-monument crowned with a combat tower of the famous T-34. The words carved on granite indicate that the monument was erected in honor of the soldiers by the 3rd Guards Tank Army.

Memorial plaques on the buildings of former hospitals.

On a number of buildings of the medical service located in different districts of Moscow, commemorative plaques have been installed that have almost the same content:

In this building from the first days of the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. housed a hospital for wounded soldiers of the Soviet army.

Such boards are available on the buildings: hospital named after S.P. Botkin, 6th City Hospital, Sklifosovsky Institute of Emergency Medicine, 1st City Hospital. Behind the modest words of the text of the commemorative plaques is the selfless work of hundreds of Moscow medical workers. At the end of 1941 in Moscow and the region there were over 200 hospitals in which tens of thousands of the wounded were being treated. Medicine won a huge victory in the Great Patriotic War. She returned to service 72% of the wounded and sick soldiers. In honor of the glorious medical patriots in Moscow near the building of the 1st Medical Institute named after I.M. Sechenov erected a monument (sculptor L. Kerbel).

French military building

On Kropotkinskaya Embankment stands a two-story building with a figured roof, decorated in the Old Russian style. During the Second World War, the French military mission was located here. In May 1956 a solemn ceremony of opening a memorial plaque on the mission building in memory of the French pilots of the Normandie-Niemen regiment took place. The inscription in French and Russian is carved on the board:

In memory of the French pilots of the Normandie-Niemen regiment, who fell during the Second World War, fighting side by side with the soldiers of the Soviet Army.

The following are the names of forty-two French pilots. The regiment's combat path went from the Moscow region to East Prussia. Its pilots made 5,300 sorties, conducted 869 air battles, shot down 268 aircraft and destroyed a significant amount of Nazi manpower and equipment on the ground.

Monument to G.K. Zhukov

Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov made a huge contribution to the victory of our country over Nazi Germany. Thanks to his skillful actions, the Nazis were defeated.

On the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the victory, a monument to this talented commander was erected on Manezhnaya Square. G.K. Zhukov is depicted on horseback.

Conclusion

On the night of May 1, 1945. after a break of almost four years, in Moscow, as well as throughout the country, the blackout was lifted, the street lights were lit again and the ruby stars of the Kremlin flashed. The light over Moscow heralded the last hour of the war.

Late evening May 8, 1945. the solemn voice of the announcer sounded, announcing the unconditional surrender of Germany. May 9, 1945 was declared Victory Day. On this day, Moscow saluted twice: at 20.00 - in honor of the liberation of the capital of Czechoslovakia, Prague, and at 22.00 - in commemoration of complete victory over Germany.

For military exploits on the fronts of the Great Patriotic War, more than 800 Muscovites received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

And June 24, 1945. On Red Square, the Victory Parade was held, in which the consolidated regiments of ten fronts, made up of the most distinguished soldiers - heroes of the battles, participated. After a solemn march, 200 fighters threw 200 banners of the defeated fascist army, captured in battles, to the foot of the Lenin Mausoleum to the beat of a drum.

Valiant warriors and tireless workers - it was they who brought the well-deserved glory to Moscow and the Motherland. On the eve of the 20th anniversary of the Victory over Nazi Germany, Moscow was awarded the honorary title of Hero City.

Hello dear.
On the eve of the holiday, let us recall some of the famous monuments
So...
"Warrior Liberator"- a monument in Berlin's Treptow Park.
Sculptor E. V. Vuchetich, architect Ya. B. Belopolsky, artist A. V. Gorpenko, engineer S. S. Valerius.
Opened May 8, 1949.
Height - 12 meters. Weight - 70 tons.

"Motherland" (Batkivshchyna-mother)
The author of the memorial is Yevgeny Vuchetich;
After Vuchetich's death, the Ukrainian sculptor Vasily Borodai took charge of the project;
Sculptors: Fried Sagoyan, Vasily Vinaykin. Architects: Victor Elizarov, Georgy Kisly, Nikolay Feshchenko.
Opened as part of the museum complex in 1981 on Victory Day.
The height of the Motherland sculpture (from the pedestal to the tip of the sword) is 62 meters.
The total height with the pedestal is 102 meters.
In one hand, the statue holds a 16-meter sword weighing 9 tons, in the other - a shield measuring 13 × 8 meters with the coat of arms of the USSR (weighing 13 tons).
The entire structure is all-welded and weighs 450 tons.
The frame itself begins at a depth of 17.8 meters (from the entrance to the museum). A concrete well with a diameter of 34 meters goes to this depth.

"Motherland is calling!"— Volgograd.
The monument is the central part of the triptych, which also consists of the monuments "Rear to Front" in Magnitogorsk and "Warrior-Liberator" in Treptow Park in Berlin. It is understood that the sword, forged on the banks of the Urals, was then raised by the Motherland in Stalingrad and lowered after the Victory in Berlin
Sculptor - E. V. Vuchetich. Engineer N. V. Nikitin
The sculpture is made of prestressed concrete - 5500 tons of concrete and 2400 tons of metal structures (without the base on which it stands).
The total height of the monument is 85 meters (the sculpture itself) - 87 meters (the sculpture with the mounting plate). It is installed on a concrete foundation 16 meters deep. The height of the female figure without the sword is 52 meters. The mass of the monument is over 8 thousand tons.
The statue stands on a 2-meter-high slab, which rests on the main foundation. This foundation is 16 meters high, but it is almost invisible - most of it is hidden underground.

Monument "Rear to front". Magnitogorsk. It is considered the first part of the triptych, which also consists of the Motherland monuments on Mamaev Kurgan in Volgograd and the Liberator Warrior in Treptow Park in Berlin.
Sculptor - Lev Nikolaevich Golovnitsky, architect - Yakov Borisovich Belopolsky.
Material - bronze, granite. Height - 15 meters.

Monument to the heroic defenders of Leningrad on Victory Square in St. Petersburg
Sculptor: M. K. Anikushin. Architects: V. A. Kamensky, S. B. Speransky
Construction 1974-1975
Height 48 m
Material: bronze, granite

"Motherland"- in St. Petersburg at the Piskarevsky memorial cemetery.
The authors of the ensemble are architects A. V. Vasiliev, E. A. Levinson, sculptors V. V. Isaeva and R. K. Taurit (“Motherland” and reliefs on the side walls), M. A. Vainman, B. E Kaplyansky, A. L. Malahin, M. M. Kharlamova (high reliefs on the central stele).

"Alyosha"- a monument to the Soviet soldier-liberator, in the Bulgarian city of Plovdiv on the hill Bunardzhik ("Hill of the Liberators").
Sculptors V. Radoslavov and others, architects N. Marangozov and others.
Height 10 meters
The prototype of the monument is an ordinary consolidated company of the 3rd Ukrainian Front Alexei Ivanovich Skurlatov, a former shooter of the 10th separate ski battalion of the 922nd rifle regiment, transferred to signalmen due to a serious wound. In 1944 he restored the Plovdiv-Sofia telephone line. In Plovdiv, Aleksey Ivanovich became friends with a telephone exchange worker, Metodi Vitanov, a member of the Bulgarian Resistance. Metodi Vitanov gave the photo of Alexei to the sculptor Vasil Rodoslavov, who created the monument based on this image

Memorial - "Brest fortress is a hero"
The memorial "Brest Hero Fortress" was built according to the designs of the sculptor Alexander Pavlovich Kibalnikov.

Sculpture "Unbowed Man" in Khatyn
Architects: Yu. Gradov, V. Zankovich, L. Levin. Sculptor S. Selikhanov. The grand opening of the Khatyn memorial complex took place on July 5, 1969.

Broken ring.(Kokkarevo, Leningrad region)
Architect V. G. Filippov. Sculptor K. M. Simun, Design Engineer I. A. Rybin;

Have a nice time of the day.

They keep the memory of the little people of the war. And even about God's little creatures - camels, donkeys and doves that helped to fight. These are monuments to courage and a broken world. And hope, of course.

"We'll all come back to you"

Praskovya Eremeevna Volodichkina had nine sons go to the front with one appeal. Six died in the war, three died of wounds, barely returning home. And then Praskovya Eremeevna herself left - she could not stand the grief that she inherited. And with her youngest son, Nikolai, she did not even say goodbye. He was finishing active service in Transbaikalia, they were already waiting for him to go home, but some of them were immediately taken to the front. When he was passing the Volga, he threw a note rolled up in a tube out of the window of the car: “Mom, dear mother. Don't grieve, don't grieve. Do not worry. We're going to the front. We will defeat the Nazis and we will all return to you. Wait. Your Kolka.

Isn't the movie Saving Private Ryan about a similar impossible story? Such cruel coincidences, in which people try not to believe (“The bomb does not fall into the same funnel a second time!”) Reveal the cruelty of time and fate. This is what - too. But in Russia there were several such families, we just do not know about all of them. Here, in Alekseevka, a suburb of Samara, circumstances developed in a certain way. In the 1980s, schoolteacher Nina Kosareva, who works at the same school where the Volodichkin brothers once studied, created an amateur memorial museum in one of the rooms of their former home. And the initiative to build the monument belongs to working group Regional Book of Memory.

And on the street of the former Krasnoarmeyskaya, and now the Volodichkin Brothers, a monument appeared - Praskovya Eremeevna, Alexander, Andrey, Peter, Ivan, Vasily, Mikhail, Konstantin, Fedor and Nikolai.

Monument to the crying horse

It is called the "monument to the weeping horse." The orphaned, exhausted bronze horse bowed its head, mourning its rider, master, friend. Fortunately, we rarely see crying horses these days. There were many of them in the Great Patriotic War. Unfortunately, the cavalrymen were practically doomed to certain death. AT civil war, which ended (relative to the beginning of the Great Patriotic War) relatively recently - just some twenty years ago, it was the cavalry that formed the basis of the army. But between the 20s and 40s of the last century, progress, including military progress, developed at a rapid pace - much faster than army administration. And as a result, many horsemen went to the front, who were helpless in front of enemy tanks and aircraft. Ossetians have always been excellent riders. It is not surprising that among them were many dead cavalry soldiers.

Postman

Triangles of front-line letters. One of the symbols of the Great Patriotic War. They were read by the whole family, and in the villages - and sometimes by the whole street, they were kept in caskets, rivers of tears were shed over them - tears of faith, hope, love. The symbol is more rear than front. Nevertheless, corporal Ivan Leontiev, forwarder-postman of the 33rd Infantry Regiment of the 6th Red Banner Rifle Division, immortalized on this monument, died in 1944 just at the front. He was delivering mail to the front line and came under enemy artillery fire. The last letter that Ivan Leontiev himself sent home was dated January 1944. Postman Leontiev was not a special hero - and he was, of course. But he became a symbol of the profession because his military fate was typical. He was awarded a medal - like many of his fellow army postmen; many times under fire he brought letters from his relatives to the soldiers in the trenches; they were waiting for him, along with his bag full of letters - and the weight of a front-line postman's bag was on average equal to the weight of a machine gun. So said at the opening ceremony employees, veterans, heads of departments of the Russian Post - everyone who participated in thinking about and discussing the monument. The monument was created with the participation of the Russian Post.

Bear and Masha

The hardships of wartime are when steppe Astrakhan camels are used as a draft force. And after all was and such. In particular, the camels Mishka and Mashka participated in the legendary Battle of Stalingrad and reached from the Lower Volga region to Berlin. Now they are cast in bronze, in their usual surroundings - next to a military gun and a soldier with a machine gun on his knees, who sat down to rest. And one of the camels, without hesitation, followed his example. Tired.

fashion magazine bronze page

A wide bronze stele, and on it - as if on an ordinary clothes hanger, on hooks, women's clothes hang. Only 17 sets, like on a bronze page from a fashion magazine. There is only one difference, and it is very significant - these are not fashionable toilets, but the uniforms of women who participated in the Second World War. These are work overalls, driver's overalls, protective clothing for a welder, medical uniforms ... Helmets, jackets, riding breeches. This monument is called very simply - Women in World War II.

The war has changed the lives of seven million British housewives. They replaced men - and became firefighters, fighters air defense, workers of the "women's land army" and defense factories, drivers and mechanics. And the inscription on the monument used a font from food cards of the war era.

This monument was created in 1997 by retired Major David McNally Robertson. The idea was supported by the speaker of the House of Commons, Baroness Betty Boothroyd, who became the patroness of the project and raised money for it on the TV show Who Wants to Be a Millionaire? About 1 million pounds was given by Queen Elizabeth II, who herself worked as a driver during the war. The rest of the funds were provided by various charitable foundations.

Quay of Bronze Shoes

Flowers are placed not only in crystal vases, but also in bronze shoes, tightly screwed to the Danube embankment. Only 60 pairs - men's, children's and women's, new, elegant, downtrodden, old-fashioned. In 1944-1945, there were also many pairs of shoes here, only not bronze ones, but real ones - both worn out and sewn in the latest fashion of the forties. Made to last a long time to their owners, to make them beautiful and elegant, to make them comfortable to walk. But the fate of these shoes - and the whole world - was different. Before the execution, people driven to the banks of the Danube were forced to take off their shoes - so that the shoes would not be lost. She did not disappear - people disappeared.

All donkeys go to heaven

Fought and died - not only people. This monument is dedicated to animals, participants of the Second World War. Not surprisingly, he appeared in England - a country where there is a medal of Maria Deakin, the highest military award for animals. It depicts carrier pigeons, a dog, camels, horses, a mule, an elephant, a wolf, a cow and a cat. And the medal - it was first awarded in 1942 - was awarded to 60 animals: just dogs, pigeons, donkeys, and an elephant, and one cat.

The cat with the highest award was named Simon (circa 1947 - November 28, 1948). He was a ship's cat from the sloop-of-war Amethyst of the Royal Navy. Was awarded "for boosting the morale" of the sailors during the Yangtze River Incident and for keeping the ship's supplies from rats. During the clash, the cat was wounded.

The inscription "They had no choice" is concise and more than eloquent. The monument was erected with private donations.

Terkin - who is he?

The most famous fictional front-line soldier is Vasily Terkin, invented and sung by Alexander Tvardovsky. Both of them - both the author and his hero - are sitting on a bivouac in the center of Smolensk - Tvardovsky's homeland - and are joking merrily about something. In this way, Vasily Terkin, as it were, embodied, from what he invented, he became real - a symbol of a well-aimed word, consolation, stamina, humility and good spirits - everything that is so necessary in a war.

pigeons

Vitya Cherevichkin lived in Rostov,

He did well in school.

And in the free hour is always usually

He released his beloved pigeons.

This song was sung by the entire post-war country. During the occupation of Rostov-on-Don, the Germans strictly forbade civilians to breed pigeons, equating them with radio transmitters - they were afraid of using pigeon mail. The feat of the teenager Vitya Cherevichkin consisted in the fact that he, being an avid dovecote, drew diagrams of the location of German units in the city, and forwarded them with pigeons to his brother in Bataysk. For this he was shot. According to another version, he simply defended his own dovecote from the invaders. And this does not detract from his merits - you need to have great courage to protect your dovecote from the enemy.

The most faithful friend

And yet the most faithful friend of man is a dog. Everywhere - and in warmth, and in trouble, and in sorrow, and in joy. Including at the front. There is nothing to add here.

Doll and teapot

Three children are warmly and very uncomfortablely dressed. The girl is holding an old, ugly, beloved doll. The boy is holding a big teapot. He is the eldest in this group, he needs to take care of the others. These are kids besieged Leningrad. And the monument itself stands in Omsk. Why? This is evidenced by the signature on the pedestal: "More than 17 thousand children were evacuated from the besieged Leningrad to the Omsk region." That's how they brought them - exhausted, pulled out of their family (if the family was still intact, alive), saved. They were taken out along the legendary Road of Life and at the risk of this very life that had just begun.

Lidice

And again - children, children, children. In total - eighty-two children; their figures are cast in bronze in full size. That is how many children - 40 boys and 42 girls were killed by the Nazis in 1942 in the Czech mining village of Lidice. The village itself was completely destroyed. This is a very laconic, very simple, strong monument.

Markovskaya Evgenia, 5th grade, Nereiko Ruslan, 5th grade, Alexey Panov, 5th grade, Daniel Popov, 5th grade

Recently, we often hear how Victory memorials are being dismantled in many cities and countries. In our project, we wanted to find, learn more about the history of the monuments, to whom and for what feats they were erected. Our duty is to honor the feat of every defender of our country, everyone who fought on the battlefield, in the rear brought the great Victory Day closer. The only thing our generation can do is take care of the monuments. And also remember the feat of our people and pass it on to their descendants.

Download:

Preview:

MO "Kuril City District"

municipal budgetary educational institution

average comprehensive school With. Hot Keys

TOPIC OF PROJECT WORK

"MONUMENTS OF THE GREAT PATRIOTIC WAR"

Compiled by: Markovskaya Evgenia, Grade 5

Nereiko Ruslan, 5th grade

Panov Alexey, 5th grade

Popov Daniel, 5th grade

Pushkar Danil, 5th grade

Scientific adviser: Subbotina Svetlana Yurievna,

Deputy Director for UVR,

MBOU secondary school with. Hot Keys.

With. Hot Keys, 2015

Introduction 3

1. Monuments of WWII 4

Conclusion 12

Literature 13

Appendix 14

Doing

This year we are celebrating the 70th anniversary of the Victory. Our people really won the most brutal war of the 20th century, saved our country, saved Europe from fascism and gave us all a future.

Recently, we often hear how Victory memorials are being dismantled in many cities and countries. In our project, we wanted to find, learn more about the history of monuments, to whom and for what feats they were erected.

Our duty is to honor the feat of every defender of our country, everyone who fought on the battlefield, in the rear brought the great Victory Day closer. The only thing our generation can do is take care of the monuments. At least three times a year (June 22, February 23, May 9) bring flowers to the foot of the monuments. And also remember the feat of our people and pass it on to their descendants.

The purpose of the work: to collect information about the monuments

Tasks:

Find out if monuments to war heroes are necessary.

Find out to whom and where the monuments were erected.

Hypothesis -

we assume that monuments have been erected in our country, dedicated to the war 1941-1945, in almost every city, even in villages and villages. The task of our generation is to know the feat of our grandfathers and great-grandfathers, to remember and be proud of them.

Methods:

Working with books and searching for information on the Internet;

Fiery forties. The harsh years of the Great Patriotic War will never be erased in the memory of the people. A bright page in the history of the war was written by the working people of the hero city of Moscow. Moscow was for them the personification of the will to win, the personification of heroism, resilience and courage. In bronze, granite and marble obelisks, sculptures, memorial plaques, and the names of streets and squares, Moscow immortalized the memory of glorious warriors.

Memorial "Tomb of the Unknown Soldier"

In December 1966, when the 25th anniversary of the defeat of the Nazi troops near Moscow was celebrated, the remains of the Unknown Soldier, who died a heroic death while defending the Soviet capital, were buried near the ancient Kremlin wall, in the Alexander Garden. Prior to that, the ashes of the hero rested on the 40th kilometer from Moscow along the Leningrad highway - at the turn, where in the fall of 1941. there were fierce battles. By accepting the remains of the hero into its sacred land, Moscow thereby perpetuated the memory of all those who gave their lives for the freedom of the Fatherland.

Here is land from the Piskarevsky cemetery, where the defenders of Leningrad, who defended the city during the blockade, are buried; from the mass graves of Kyiv and Mamayev Kurgan, where the Great Battle of the Volga was fought. Here is land from the Malakhov Kurgan, from the “Glory Belt” of Odessa, and land taken at the gates of the Brest Fortress. The other three memorial blocks perpetuated the memory of Minsk, Kerch, and Novorossiysk. The tenth memorial block is dedicated to the hero city of Tula. This entire memorial row is made of dark red porphyry. The tombstone of the soldier forever covered the battle red banner, cast from ageless copper. A soldier's helmet and a laurel branch, a symbol of popular honor to the hero, are made of the same metal. At the Eternal Flame, blazing in the very center of Moscow, the words shine: Leningrad, Kyiv, Minsk, Volgograd, Sevastopol, Odessa, Kerch, Novorossiysk, Tula, Brest Fortress. Behind each of these names is boundless devotion to the Motherland, boundless fortitude and heroism.

2. In memory of Leningrad children who died at the Lychkovo station

In the small village of Lychkovo, Novgorod region, there is an unmarked mass grave from the time of the Great Patriotic War. One of many in Russia. One of the most tragic and sad. Because it's a children's grave...

In July 1941, at the very beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the evacuation of the civilian population began from Leningrad. First of all, the children went to the rear. It was impossible then to foresee the course of hostilities ... Children were taken out of Leningrad in order to be saved, away from death and suffering. But as it turned out, they were being taken straight towards the war. At the Lychkovo station, fascist planes bombed a train of 12 wagons. In the summer of 1941, hundreds of innocent children died.

The number of dead little Leningraders is still not known. Fate smiled only a few. The rest after the bombing, local residents collected fragments. Since then, a grave has appeared in the civil cemetery in Lychkovo. A grave in which the ashes of innocent children are buried.

The sculpture consists of several parts. On a granite slab there is a flame of an explosion cast in bronze that threw a child into the air. At the foot of the slab are the toys he dropped. The author of the monument, for the construction of which the Lychkov House of Veterans from all over Russia received more than half a million rubles, was the Moscow sculptor, People's Artist of Russia Alexander Burganov. The height of the sculptural composition is about three meters.

It was a terrible tragedy. But the post-war unconsciousness is even more terrible: Lychkov's events were simply forgotten. Only a modest mass grave with the inscription "Leningrad children" reminded of them. The grave was cared for by local women from among the witnesses of the bloody bombardment for almost 60 years.

In 2003, a small monument was erected at the burial site - a bronze sculpture, which always has fresh flowers.

May 4, 2005, on the eve of the celebration of the 60th anniversary Great Victory in the village of Lychkovo, a solemn opening ceremony of the memorial "To the Children Who Died in the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945".

The monument was erected on the forecourt, not far from the site of the tragedy. Trains will pass by the monument every day, and children's voices will always be heard through the noise of the wheels. The memory of terrible tragedy that claimed children's lives.

The poet A. Molchanov wrote a poem "In memory of the Leningrad children who died at the Lychkovo station", there are these words:

Is it possible to forget

Like children in parts

collected,

So that in a mass grave,

Like fallen soldiers

Bury?..

3. Monument to children - a victim of concentration camps.

A monument to children who died in Nazi concentration camps was erected near the Makhovaya Tower in the city of Smolensk. The author is Alexander Parfenov. A monument in the shape of a fluffy dandelion made up of figures of children, and the names of concentration camps are written on the leaves of the flower: Auschwitz, Dachau, Buchenwald.

4. "Flower of Life"

In 1968, the diary of Tanya Savicheva was immortalized in stone, being integral part memorial complex "Flower of Life" on Poklonnaya Hill, is dedicated to all the children who died in the blockade ring.

5. In memory of tens of thousands of Soviet prisoners of war

In the city of Vyazma, on the eve of the Day of Remembrance and Sorrow, a memorial was opened in memory of tens of thousands of dead participants in the defense of Moscow. It is installed on the site of mass graves of the victims of the German transit camp "Dulag-184". In March of this year, the Russian Military Historical Society took control of the situation with ownerless burials on the territory of the former Dulag-184 camp, responding to an appeal public organization"Vyazemsky Memorial". The organization, which is engaged in restoring the memory of the victims of the German transit camp, includes relatives of the prisoners of the camp, search engines, veterans of the Great Patriotic War, historians, public figures, and volunteers.

45 burial ditches 100 meters long and four wide with the remains of prisoners of war remained after the Nazi occupation of Vyazma (October 1941-March 12, 1943) at the intersection of Repin and Kronstadtskaya streets. Here, in the building of the current Vyazemsky meat-packing plant - then it was an unfinished aircraft plant without a roof, windows and doors, in October 1941 the invaders organized the Dulag-184 transit camp. In the first months of the war, it turned out to be surrounded by militiamen who survived in the "meat grinder" of the Vyazemsky boiler. Many were brought from the battlefield in serious condition. Only in the first winter of 1941-1942, up to 70 thousand prisoners died. The dead were dumped into huge ditches. Seventy years later, the mass grave site has turned into a wasteland. At the request of local residents, in the 90s of the last century, a modest stele with a bell was erected in the wasteland in memory of the tragedy that happened here. There were five "death factories" on the territory of Vyazma.

The author of the project of the Vyazemsky monument in memory of the victims of the German transit camp is Salavat Shcherbakov, People's Artist of Russia, one of the leading sculptors of our country. The memorial consists of three concrete steles 3-4 meters high. On the central stele, in bronze relief, soldiers and civilians who died here are represented. Behind them are spruces and a camp tower. The composition is framed by photographs of people taken from authentic photographs of the dead, handed over to the sculptor by relatives and search engines. 50 photographic images are embedded in the surface of the monument.

The casting for the monument was made in the city of Zhukovsky, Moscow Region, the granite slab was ordered in St. Petersburg, and the concrete foundations were ordered in Smolensk. The foundation was made in Vyazma, the bronze relief - in Moscow. The total weight of all structural elements is about 20 tons.

Former prisoner Sofia Anvaer recalled: “Through the barbed wire, the inhabitants of the city saw our suffering and tried to help. Wrapped in rags, women and children approached the wire and threw over packages with some food. The prisoners rushed towards them, machine guns pounded on the tower. People fell with outstretched hands for food. Women also fell on the other side of the fence. It was impossible for us to help. Thirst joined the pangs of hunger and cold. It was no longer possible to go into the basement, where there was water - the entrance to it was blocked by a mountain of corpses. People drank, filtering through a rag, liquid mud from the yard, mixed with thousands of boots.

6. "People of the world stand up for a minute"

The main components of the complex "People of the world stand up for a minute" installed in Moscow, in memory of prisoners of Nazi death camps during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945, are three black granite slabs.

The first plate symbolizes juvenile prisoners of concentration camps who were tortured there during the war years.

The second plate is dedicated to all prisoners - men and women.

The third commemorative plate symbolizes prisoners - Soviet military personnel and is dedicated to the memory of those killed in the death camps of Buchenwald, Sachsenhausen, Dachau, Ravensbrück and Auschwitz.

7. "The Tragedy of the Nations"

In Moscow, on Poklonnaya Hill in 1997, a monument was erected "The Tragedy of the Peoples", its author is Zurab Tsereteli.

The sculpture commemorates the victims of the fascist genocide.

8. Sculptural composition "Come back with victory!"

May 8, 2009 in the exhibition complex of the open-air museum "Salute, Victory!" in the park. Frunze in Orenburg, the opening of a new sculptural

compositions. The sculptural group depicts an Orenburg woman with children mournfully seeing off the head of the family to the front, made by Moscow sculptor Vasily Nikolaev and dedicated to the feat of Orenburg women, workers, mothers in the harsh war years.

9. Sculpture "Motherland"

Sculpture "Motherland" is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the largest sculpture-statue in the world at the time of construction. Its height is 52 meters, the length of the arm is 20 meters and the length of the sword is 33 meters. The total height of the sculpture is 85 meters. The weight of the sculpture is 8 thousand tons, and the sword is 14 tons. On the this moment the statue is ranked 11th in the list of the tallest statues in the world.

The silhouette of the sculpture "Motherland" was taken as the basis for the development of the emblem and flag of the Volgograd region.

At the foot of the Motherland monument, the commander of the 62nd Army, Marshal of the Soviet Union Vasily Ivanovich Chuikov, who especially distinguished himself in the Battle of Stalingrad, is buried.

The statue is an allegorical image of the Motherland, calling its sons to battle with the enemy!

10. Monument to a grieving mother

In Zadonsk there is also a wonderful monument to Mother - Maria Matveevna Frolova, the mother of 12 children, who lost everyone at the front.

11. Praskovya Eremeevna Volodichkina and her dead sons.

“Sometimes it seems to me that the soldiers,

From the bloody fields that did not come,

Not in our land once perished,

And they turned into white cranes .... "

Cranes of memory can be found more and more often on the ground. They set off for eternal flight from various places in our Motherland.

In the Samara region, the maternal prowess of the remarkable Russian woman Praskovya Eremeevna Volodichkina and the feat of arms of her dead sons are immortalized. When the war began, all nine Volodichkin brothers left one by one to defend their Fatherland. Already in June-July 1941, they fought in different sectors of the front. Praskovya Eremeevna had to see them off alone, since the head of the family, Pavel Vasilyevich, had died by that time. But with the youngest, Nikolai, the mother did not even say goodbye. He only handed over a short note, folded into a tube: “Mom, dear mother. Don't grieve, don't grieve. Do not worry. We're going to the front. We will defeat the Nazis and we will all return to you. Wait. Your Kolka.

But Praskovya Yeremeevna never waited for her sons. No one. Five of them - Nikolai, Andrey, Fedor, Mikhail, Alexander - died in 1941-1943. After the fifth funeral, the mother's heart failed. The sixth - to Vasily, who died in January 1945, came to an empty house, in which all the wounded in the summer of 45 returned Peter, Ivan and Konstantin. But they, one by one, began to die from numerous wounds received at the front.

And on May 7, 1995, on a steep cliff not far from the house, located on the street with the symbolic name Krasnoarmeyskaya, a majestic memorial made of granite and bronze arose. Nine bronze cranes rush into the sky from an 11-meter stele. And in front of her stands a sculpture of Praskovya Eremeevna. Ahead is a 7-ton granite monument with the names of all the sons and their mother and the text: "Grateful Russia to the Volodichkin family."

12. Patriot mother Anastasia Kupriyanova and her dead sons

In 1975, a monument to the patriotic mother Anastasia Kupriyanova and her dead sons was solemnly opened in Zhodino. The composition of the monument includes two parts: on one pedestal there is a figure of a mother escorting her children to the front, a little ahead - five sons leaving for battle. The younger one, falling behind and turning around, as if he wants to say: “Wait for us with victory, mother!”

We need to remember that there was once terrible war, and Mother lost five of her sons. Victory in this war came at a heavy price, and we all must keep the peace so that our mothers never again mourn their sons.

13. Monument to the "Mothers of War"

In the Leningrad region in the village of Bobrovka, Trinity district, a monument to the "Mothers of War" was opened

14. "Sorrow Square" in St. Petersburg

The sculpture of the memorial complex is a sculpture of a mother, located on the "Sorrow Square". It contains all the pain of mothers who lost their relatives in the war.

15. Victory Monument in Penza

One of the main regional monuments dedicated to labor and military exploits in the Great Patriotic War in the city of Penza is the Victory Monument. The memorial, erected on May 9, 1975 in the new microdistrict, which later became the central district of the city, has a height of 5.6 meters and is now part of the architectural composition of Victory Square. The authors of the monument were: the St. Petersburg sculptor, who participated in the creation of the monument to the "First Settler", V.G. Kozenyuk, G.D. Yastrebenetsky, N.O. Teplov and the architect V.A. Sokhin.

Monument to labor and military glory It is presented in the form of a bronze figure of a woman with a child on her left shoulder and a defending warrior holding a rifle with one hand and protecting his mother with the other. The sculptural composition stands on pedestals of different heights, the highest point of which is a gilded branch in the hands of a child. The monument is located in the very center of five granite flights of stairs, having the shape of a five-pointed star, the continuation of which are five streets: Lunacharsky, Lenin, Karpinsky, Communist and Pobeda Avenue. In the niche of one of the walls of the ramp there is a unique Book of Memory of 114 thousand fellow countrymen who died during the Great Patriotic War, whose names were known at the time of the opening of the monument. Burning near the monument Eternal flame, lit in Moscow at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier and delivered in an army armored car to Penza.

The Victory Monument, opened on the thirtieth anniversary of the Great Victory in Penza, and today serves as a place of service for the guard of honor on May 9, February 23 and on the day of memory and sorrow - June 22.

16. Monument to Misha Panikah

The monument to Misha Panikah was opened in May 1975 in Volgograd. The creators of the monument, architect Kharitonov and designer Belousov, portrayed Misha at the moment of his heroic throw with a grenade in his hands at the main Nazi tank.

17. Monument to Soviet soldiers who fell in the battles for the liberation of South Sakhalin and the Kuril Islands in 1945.

18. Murmansk memorial "Defenders of the Soviet Arctic during the Great Patriotic War"

It is a huge figure of a soldier standing on top of one of the Murmansk hills and visible from long distance. In general, thanks to the song written in 1968, many single monuments began to be called "Alyosha" in the Soviet Union, including in Murmansk.

19. Monument to the Defenders of Moscow

40th kilometer of the Leningrad highway. The city of Zelenograd is one of the newest and most beautiful districts of Moscow. It spread freely in the forest near Moscow near the Kryukovo station. Here in November-December 1941. The defenders of the Motherland fought to the death. From here they began their victorious journey to the west. In the history of the great battle for Moscow, the battle near Kryukovo is one of its brightest pages. The soldiers of the Eighth Guards named after I.V. had a chance to defend Kryukovo. Panfilov of the rifle division, the second guards cavalry corps of General L.M. Dovator and the First Guards Tank Brigade, General M.E. Katukov. Desperately, despising death, they fought for every street, for every house. Our soldiers retreated only on the night of December 3rd. They understood that Kryukovo had become a stronghold of the enemy, wedged into our defenses near Moscow. To knock him out of these positions is a task of paramount importance. On January 4-6, attacks on the enemy dug in in Kryukovo were carried out by units of the 44th Cavalry and 8th Guards Divisions together with the 1st Tank Brigade. The Nazis stubbornly resisted, did everything to contain the onslaught of our troops. In these battles, our soldiers performed feats of unfading glory. Thousands of soldiers and officers died, throwing the enemy away from Moscow at the cost of their lives.

19. Monument to the "Defenders of Moscow"

On the Leningrad highway (23rd kilometer) there is another famous one - a composition of huge anti-tank Hedgehogs.

20. "Rear Front"

Monument located in the city of Magnitogorsk. Its height is 15 meters. The monument is a two-figure composition of a worker and a warrior. The worker is oriented to the east, towards the Magnitogorsk Iron and Steel Works. Warrior to the west, to the side where the enemy was during the Great Patriotic War. It is understood that the sword, forged on the banks of the Urals, was then raised by the Motherland in Stalingrad and lowered after the victory in Berlin. The composition also includes an eternal flame in the form of a granite flower star.

The monument is complemented by two human-height trapezes, on which the names of Magnitogorsk residents who received the title of Hero of the Soviet Union in the Great Patriotic War are written in bas-relief.

On May 9, 2005, another addition was opened, made in the form of two triangular sections, symmetrically filled with elevations of their granite, on which the names of Magnitogorsk residents who died in the Great Patriotic War are carved. There are more than 14,000 surnames in total.

Conclusion

In the course of our work, we found out that the monuments are dedicated not only to heroic warriors who shed blood at the front, but also to children, mothers, and home front workers. Monuments have been erected not only in our country, but also in other countries, the liberators of which are Soviet soldiers. Their feat is remembered and honored there.

When we conducted a survey about the need to install monuments, everyone answered that it was very important. You need to remember and know your history.

In our work, we have collected information about many monuments. Particularly touched by sculptures dedicated to children and mothers.

Literature

1. https:// fishki.net

2. https://