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Topic: Landscape is a sphere of art in which an attitude to nature is formed

LANDSCAPE (French paysage, from pays - locality, country) is a genre of fine art (or individual works of this genre), in which the main subject of the image is wild or, to one degree or another, nature transformed by man. Depicting the phenomena and forms of the natural environment of a person, the artist expresses both his attitude to nature and the perception of it by contemporary society. He does not paint nature, but conveys his inner state in painting, so each artist has his own favorite color combinations, techniques, and individual attitude to color. Because of this, the landscape acquires emotionality and significant ideological content. Picturesque works help to see this world through the eyes of people of bygone times.

The inexhaustible diversity of nature has given rise to fine arts different kinds landscape genre: marina (it. marina, from lat. marinus - sea) - one of the types of landscape, the object of which is the sea; urban, rural, park landscapes - a picture in which the artist depicted a view of the area (streets, alleys, squares, small courtyards of the city.); architectural landscape - a kind of landscape that is in close contact with the urban landscape (the difference between them lies in the fact that in the architectural landscape the artist focuses on the image of the architectural monuments themselves in synthesis with environment); industrial (industrial) landscape - an image of an enterprise of industry, construction and other objects of scientific and technological progress; lyrical landscape (landscape - mood) - a picture in which feelings, soul feelings dominate the rational mind.

Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin (1832 - 1898) On the high bank of the Kama, among meadows, fields, lakes and beautiful pine forests, the ancient town of Yelabuga is located. The great Russian artist Ivan Ivanovich Shishkin was born here, spent his childhood and worked for many years. Ever since childhood, the Yelabuga pine forests have outlined the main theme of Shishkin's paintings - the theme of Russian nature. The artist was rightly called "the hero of the Russian forest." Through the forests, he showed in his works the strength and epic power of the Motherland, its spiritual generosity and beauty.

In the painting “Pine Forest” (1872), the idea of ​​​​the forces of Russia, its greatness was voiced: on the banks of a quiet, shallow forest stream, still young, but already strong, slender pines stretch to the sky.

The canvas “Pine Trees Illuminated by the Sun” (1886) was painted entirely from life. Notice the intensity of the light in the painting. Transparent shadows are depicted interestingly and expressively. This is the first work where the author uses the fragmentation of the composition.

Fedor Alexandrovich Vasiliev (1850 - 1873) One of the most gifted students of Shishkin was Fedor Alexandrovich Vasiliev. He was born into the family of a petty postal official. His childhood passed bleakly, the family constantly experienced financial difficulties. For some time, the future artist works as a postman, and then enters a drawing school. Having lived only 23 years, he created a number of amazing, memorable works. The artist is interested in various states of nature that give rise to various emotions in the soul - joy, anxiety, sadness, delight, hopelessness, confusion, enlightenment, etc.

The painting The Thaw (1871) brought fame to the young artist. Her sad lyrics evoke sad thoughts about the poverty and disorder of Russian life. (A dilapidated hut, a poorly dressed peasant). The picture masterfully and with poetic power reveals the transitional state of nature.

The best work of Russian and world painting is the landscape "Wet Meadow" (1872). The summer rain had just passed, and through the blue disturbing clouds, the rays of the sun illuminated the bright green of the grass with sparkling raindrops, made the marsh water sparkle; the shadow of the cloud fell to the ground. Against the background of the sky, a cluster of green trees looms in clear silhouette. The green-blue color scheme of the picture is subtly developed in all its richness of shades. It wonderfully conveys moist air, wet foliage of trees, grass. The composition is balanced. The picture gives rise to a complex change of feelings, sometimes bright and joyful, sometimes sad and disturbing.

Isaac Ilyich Levitan (1861 - 1900) There are artists whose names shine on us from the past and warm us. One of them is Isaac Ilyich Levitan. Character traits his landscape - the simplicity of the motive, combined with a deep inner content, unity, integrity, materiality of objects. Levitan was born in the town of Kybarty, now Kibartai in Lithuania, in the family of a poor railway employee. Levitan and his brother entered the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture. For his success, Levitan was exempted from tuition fees.

Vladimirka In 1892, Levitan painted a picture from life, finishing it in several sessions. The emptiness of the road, the clouds hanging over it, the lonely figure of a wanderer - all this creates an alarming and painful atmosphere, inspired by the thoughts of the thousands of prisoners who passed here. And only the sunlight at the horizon, and the church whitening in the distance personify a ray of hope

Practical work Perform work on a picturesque image of a landscape (from memory and impression).

On the topic: methodological developments, presentations and notes

TYPES OF DOMINANT ATTITUDES OF JUNIOR SCHOOLCHILDREN IN RELATION TO NATURE: DIAGNOSTIC ASPECT

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Methodology for identifying interest and attitude to nature in elementary school

Every year, the school conducts testing of students to determine the level of ecological culture, where the attitude towards nature, interest in it is revealed. But in primary school Teachers are having trouble...

Man is inextricably linked with nature, he is a part of it. And the enjoyment of nature, the desire to find in it consonance with one's feelings, one's ideals, has always been a source of creativity for writers, composers, and artists.

"The Seasons" by Tchaikovsky- this is a kind of musical diary of the composer, capturing episodes of life, meetings and pictures of nature dear to his heart. As his brother M.I. Tchaikovsky later recalled: "Pyotr Ilyich, as rarely anyone, loved life<...>Every day was significant for him and he was sad to say goodbye to him at the thought that there would be no trace of everything experienced. "The music of one of Tchaikovsky's musical masterpieces, the piano cycle" Times This cycle of 12 characteristic paintings for piano can be called an encyclopedia of Russian estate life of the 19th century, of the St. Petersburg city landscape. In his images Tchaikovsky captures the endless Russian expanses, and rural life, and paintings of St. Petersburg city landscapes, and scenes from the domestic musical life of Russian people of that time. Each picture captures one of the months of the year with a bright event falling on that month. For example, February - "Shrovetide", March - "Song of the Lark", August - "Harvest", December - "Christmas". 12 plays - 12 pictures from Tchaikovsky's Russian life received epigraphs from the poems of Russian poets during publication.

Brief introduction to the opera "Khovanshchina", which the composer Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky named "Dawn on the Moscow River" — this is not only a landscape sketch of amazing beauty, but also a symbolic picture of the dawn rising over the country at the behest of young Peter, the hope for a wonderful future morning in Russia. The introduction draws an image of an old Russian city waking up at sunrise, when roosters call to each other and the trumpets of the night watch are heard.

No less popular are the images of nature in painting.

Motivated by lofty patriotic feelings, the artists strove to show the mighty and fertile Russian nature as a source of possible wealth and happiness.

A serious contribution to the development of the Russian landscape was made by such famous artists, how Alexey Savrasov, Ivan Shishkin, Fedor Vasiliev, Arkhip Kuindzhi, Vasily Polenov, Isaac Levitan.

The majestic, mighty beauty of the northern taiga expanses is shown in the paintings Ivan Shishkin. Many of his paintings are based on a "portrait" image of a place. "Morning in a Pine Forest", "Rye"- paintings that do not just depict a “piece” of Russian nature, but tell whole stories about Russian expanses.

Another landscape painter Arkhip Ivanovich Kuindzhi. Talented self-taught artist. His paintings amaze with the effect of unusual lighting - solar and lunar. Kuindzhi did not make natural studies, but "composed" his paintings or painted from memory. His wonderful paintings: "Ukrainian Night", "Moonlight Night on the Dnieper", "Birch Grove" and etc.

Lyrical "landscapes-moods" Isaac Levitan show all the beauty of the nature of central Russia. His paintings are full of sadness and lyricism, some are imbued with a deep philosophical meaning, for example: “Golden Autumn” and “At the Pool”, “Quiet Abode”, “Evening Bells” and “Over Eternal Peace”.

Images of nature in painting Fyodor Vasiliev acquired spirituality, special poetry, romanticism and depth of feelings. In his paintings, Vasilyev captured the bright and spectacular moments of the life of nature, and also showed the spiritual involvement of man in nature. In his paintings, the painting style is characterized by sonorous accents of color spots, the dynamism of a free brushstroke. Vasiliev's paintings gained particular popularity. "After the Thunderstorm", "Thaw", "Return of the Herd".

The beauty of the Earth in art (poetic landscape)

A.S. Pushkin called art a “magic crystal”, through the facets of which people around us, objects, and phenomena of everyday life are seen in a new way. At all times, painters, composers and writers reflect in their works various natural phenomena that excited them. Through feelings and experiences, they convey their vision of the world.

Man began to depict nature in ancient times. But these images served as a background for a portrait or everyday scene. And only in the 17th century did paintings of a new genre appear - landscapes (from the French. pay age view, image of any area). Paintings in which nature has become their main content. This genre was created by Dutch painters. Artists share with the viewer the joy of communicating with nature, teach him to see the beauty of the earth. They usually painted on small canvases and later

became known as the "little Dutch".

Middle Ages. Landscape.

Aiguille rock and Porte d'Aval

Artists share with the viewer the joy of communicating with nature, teach him to see the beauty of the earth. Love for the motherland begins with the landscape. The genre has internal "cells". There are landscapes of water spaces marinas. The artists who wrote them were called marine painters. I.E. Repin asked the well-known marine painter I.K. Aivazovsky to register the sea.

Farewell, free element!

For the last time in front of me

You roll blue waves

And shine with proud beauty

Like a friend's mournful murmur

How to call him at the farewell hour

Your sad noise, your inviting noise

I heard in last time……

I.E. Repin "Pushkin by the Sea" I. Shishkin "In the Wild North"

For the romantic artists I.I. Shishkin, A. Kuindzhi, A. Savrasov, I. Levitan, the landscape becomes the main means of expressing a deep civil content.

"In the wild north stands alone

On the bare top of a pine

And dozing, swaying, and loose snow

She is dressed like a robe...

And she dreams of everything that is in the distant desert,

Alone and sad on a rock with fuel

A beautiful palm tree is growing. (M. Yu. Lermontov)

In the Tver Lake District, Isaac Ilyich Levitan found a motif that turned into the painting “Spring. Big water.

Knee-deep frozen in water

Like awkward sisters teenagers

And tremble in the spring wind

These thin-barreled birches

Aristarkh Lentunov "Ringing"

There is an architectural landscape, the Venetians loved it, there is also an urban one.

"Sensation of sound, hum, and certain types compositions in the form of stretched strings give the impression of an organ or a giant harp."

Thanks to works of art - literary, picturesque, nature always appears before people in a different way: majestic, sad, tender, jubilant, mourning, touching. These images attract a person, touching the finest strings of his soul, help to touch the unique beauty of his native nature, his native land, his home.

Man is inextricably linked with nature, he is a part of it. And the enjoyment of nature, the desire to find in it consonance with one's feelings, one's ideals, has always been a source of creativity for writers, composers, and artists.

"The Seasons" by Tchaikovsky- this is a kind of musical diary of the composer, capturing episodes of life, meetings and pictures of nature dear to his heart. As his brother M.I. Tchaikovsky later recalled: "Pyotr Ilyich, as rarely anyone, loved life<...>Every day was significant for him and he was sad to say goodbye to him at the thought that there would be no trace of everything experienced. "The music of one of Tchaikovsky's musical masterpieces, the piano cycle" Times This cycle of 12 characteristic paintings for piano can be called an encyclopedia of Russian estate life of the 19th century, of the St. Petersburg city landscape. In his images Tchaikovsky captures the endless Russian expanses, and rural life, and paintings of St. Petersburg city landscapes, and scenes from the domestic musical life of Russian people of that time. Each picture captures one of the months of the year with a bright event falling on that month. For example, February - "Shrovetide", March - "Song of the Lark", August - "Harvest", December - "Christmas". 12 plays - 12 pictures from Tchaikovsky's Russian life received epigraphs from the poems of Russian poets during publication.

Brief introduction to the opera "Khovanshchina", which the composer Modest Petrovich Mussorgsky named "Dawn on the Moscow River" - this is not only a landscape sketch of amazing beauty, but also a symbolic picture of the dawn rising over the country at the behest of young Peter, the hope for a wonderful future morning in Russia. The introduction draws an image of an old Russian city waking up at sunrise, when roosters call to each other and the trumpets of the night watch are heard.

No less popular are the images of nature in painting.

Motivated by lofty patriotic feelings, the artists strove to show the mighty and fertile Russian nature as a source of possible wealth and happiness.

A significant contribution to the development of the Russian landscape was made by such famous artists as Alexey Savrasov, Ivan Shishkin, Fedor Vasiliev, Arkhip Kuindzhi, Vasily Polenov, Isaac Levitan.

The majestic, mighty beauty of the northern taiga expanses is shown in the paintings Ivan Shishkin. Many of his paintings are based on a "portrait" image of a place. "Morning in a Pine Forest", "Rye"- paintings that do not just depict a “piece” of Russian nature, but tell whole stories about Russian expanses.

Another landscape painter Arkhip Ivanovich Kuindzhi. Talented self-taught artist. His paintings amaze with the effect of unusual lighting - solar and lunar. Kuindzhi did not make natural studies, but "composed" his paintings or painted from memory. His wonderful paintings: "Ukrainian Night", "Moonlight Night on the Dnieper", "Birch Grove" and etc.

Lyrical "landscapes-moods" Isaac Levitan show all the beauty of the nature of central Russia. His paintings are full of sadness and lyricism, some are imbued with a deep philosophical meaning, for example: “Golden Autumn” and “At the Pool”, “Quiet Abode”, “Evening Bells” and “Over Eternal Peace”.

Images of nature in painting Fyodor Vasiliev acquired spirituality, special poetry, romanticism and depth of feelings. In his paintings, Vasilyev captured the bright and spectacular moments of the life of nature, and also showed the spiritual involvement of man in nature. In his paintings, the painting style is characterized by sonorous accents of color spots, the dynamism of a free brushstroke. Vasiliev's paintings gained particular popularity. "After the Thunderstorm", "Thaw", "Return of the Herd".