"I love life madly..."- said so Alexander Viktorovich German- Hero Soviet Union, commander of the 3rd Leningrad partisan brigade. It is to him that the exhibition is dedicated. Legendary brigade commander» in the department of local history literature. Even during his lifetime, there were legends about him. But the life of the brigade commander was brighter than the legend. Perhaps Herman is best described in his own words: I love life madly, it is good for its sorrows and its joy, but if you have to die, then know that I will die honestly, selflessly, I will not shame the Russian land, I will not shame my family. And if such a terrible hour ever repeats, then there will be someone to take an example from.

70 years ago, in these autumn days, the 3rd Leningrad partisan brigade fought with a large fascist punitive expedition, and on the night of September 5-6, near the village of Zhitnitsa, Novorzhevsky district, German died. About witty and daring operations, fierce battles, "concerts" on railway, death - both tragic and mysterious, about the reasons for which disputes have not subsided to this day, as well as what Herman was like with his fighters and his family, you will learn from the literature presented at the exhibition: memoirs, letters, collections of documents.

German Alexander Viktorovich (1915-1943)

The hero of the USSR

commander of the 3rd Leningrad partisan brigade

Alexander Viktorovich German// Feat of the people [Electronic resource]. – Mode of access: (date of access: 09/19/2014).

He was awarded the Order of the Red Banner (front order No. 905 of 07/30/1942), the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree (front order No. 361 of 04/18/1943).

From the award list: “Working as the head of intelligence of the 2nd OP brigade in difficult conditions, he managed to create a network of agents and gave timely information about the enemy. Performing tasks to establish communication with local partisan detachments. Participated in battles, personally led detachments, organized groups of dashing mounted scouts. Always personally participated in combat intelligence. Calm, brave and resolute in battle. By personal example, he led the fighters into battle. Fearless patriot of his Motherland / commander of the 2nd OPB of the NWF, Major Litvinenko, military commissar of the 2nd OPB of the NWF, Art. political instructor Terekhov.

From the award list: “Comrade. Herman A.V. is a tactically competent strong-willed commander. Has been fighting the German invaders behind enemy lines since August 1941. The 3rd partisan brigade for the period from July 1, 1942 to March 1, 1943 destroyed 2362 enemy soldiers and officers, derailed 13 military echelons with manpower and enemy equipment, 15 railroads were blown up. bridges, 9 enemy garrisons and 50 volost administrations were defeated, a lot of weapons and ammunition were captured. The brigade led by Comrade. Herman, due to good combat performance over the past three months, has managed to grow 4 times due to the local population. For the skillful leadership of the brigade's combat affairs, for organizing work to increase the partisan ranks at the expense of the local population, and for the excellent military deeds of comrade. German is worthy of the government award of the Order of the Patriotic WarI degree " / head of the operational group authorized. Headquarters of military unit No. 00127 in the NWF, Major Gordin, Deputy. authorized Headquarters of military unit No. 00127 in the NWF Lieutenant Colonel Tuzhikov.

Nikitenko, N. V. 3rd Leningrad partisan brigade: German Alexander Viktorovich (05/24/1915-09/06/1943), commander of the 3rd LPB from the day of formation until the day of his death on September 6, 1943 / N. V. Nikitenko // Nikitenko N. V. Partisan brigade commanders: people and destinies: (commanders of partisan brigades operating in the occupied territory of the Leningrad and Kalinin regions during the Great Patriotic War). - Pskov, 2010. - S. 70-81. – Bibliography: p. 81.

Nikitenko, N. V. Organizers of the people's struggle behind enemy lines: (on the biographies and fates of the commanders of the Leningrad partisan brigades) / N. V. Nikitenko // Pskov. - 2010. - No. 33. - P. 164-176.

Rusanova, L. F. Alexander German // Pskov chronicler: local historian. alm. / ved. ed. T. V. Veresova. - Pskov; M., 2010. - No. 2 (3). - P. 129-131: photo.

Legendary brigade commander// Novorzhevskaya Land. - 2010. - May 28 (No. 46). - P. 8 (Memorable date).

Mikhailov, P. At fifteen boyish years: [memories] / V. Mikhailov; prepared A. Fedorov // Pskovskaya Pravda. - 2009. - July 1-8 (No. 124). – P. 42: photo.

Petrov, I. Alexander German died here / I. Petrov // Pskovskaya Pravda. - 2009. - July 1-8 (No. 124). – S. 37.

On preparations for the construction of a memorial at the site of the death of the legendary brigade commander A.V. German in the Novorzhevsky district.

Zoshchenko, M. You will never forget: stories about partisans // Collected works in seven volumes. T. 7: Before Sunrise; Stories and feuilletons, 1947-1956. - M .: Time. ; Library of Russian classics [Electronic resource]. – Access mode: http://ruslit.traumlibrary.net/index.html . (Date of access: 09/19/2014).

Krylov A. Right-flank brigade commander with the heart of the heroic Danko / A. Krylov // Porkhov Bulletin. - 2006. - May 24. – P. 3.

About the Pskov roots of the famous commander of the 3rd LPB A. V. German (05/24/1915 - 09/06/1943), Herman's maternal grandfather A. Tkachenko was a small estate nobleman of the Ostrovsky district.

Butyrsky, W. Let's bow to those great years! : [Day of partisan glory in the Novorzhevsky district] / V. Butyrsky // Novorzhevskaya Land. - 2005. - September 9. - S. 1, 3: phot.

A rally at the obelisk at the site of the death of Hero of the Soviet Union A.V. German in the village of Zhitnitsa, Novorzhevsky district.

Korneev, N. P. German Alexander Viktorovich // Korneev N. P. The exploits of heroes are immortal / N. P. Korneev, O. V. Alekseev. - Pskov, 2005. - S. 183: photo.

Letter from the commander of the 3rd Leningrad brigade A. V. German to his wife F. A. German, 11 August. 1943// "War incinerated years": [sat. doc. State. Pskov archive. region]. - Pskov, 2005. - S. 158-159: photo.

Egorov, V. September 6, 2003, the village of Zhitnitsa: the day of partisan glory: [photo report] / V. Egorov // Novorzhevskaya Land. - 2003. - September 16. - P. 4-5.

Bakusov, G. Forever in the memory of the people / G. Bakusov // Sterkh (Pskov). - 2003. - 6 September. (No. 102). - S. 8-9: photo.

On the anniversary of the death of brigade commander A.V. German, reflections on the circumstances of death.

Kovalev A. The death of the brigade commander / A. Kovalev // Ostrov news. - 2003. - 6 September. – P. 3.

Memories of the death of the commander of the 3LPB A. V. German (1915-1943) near the village of Zhitnitsa, Novorzhevsky district, Pskov region.

Velkov, W. Feast of Herman Street / V. Velkov // Novorzhevskaya Land. - 2003. - 22 Aug. - p. 5.

About the holiday of the street. Herman in the city of Novorzhev, prepared by employees of the regional House of Culture.

Kolosov, W. The granary is our glory and pain / V. Kolosov // Novorzhevskaya Land. - 2002. - May 7. - p. 5.

Lapin, A. (veteran of the partisan movement). In the "captivity" of Herman: [January 1943] / A. Lapin // Novorzhevskaya Land. - 1995. - September 2. – P. 3.

Semenkov, I.(Chairman of the Council of Veterans of the 3rd and 10th LPB; commander of the 3rd LPB detachment). Zhitnitskaya tragedy / I. Semenkov // Pskovskaya Pravda. - 1993. - 4, 8 September.

Gilev, V. I. According to vital indications: notes of a partisan doctor / V. I. Gilev. - Leningrad: Lenizdat, 1990. - 159 p.

Gilev, V. I.(former head of the hospital 3 LPB named after A. V. German). He is invisible among us: from the memoirs of a partisan doctor / V. Gilev // Novorzhevskaya Land. - 1993. - 3 September. – P. 2: photo. ; Pskov truth. - 1983. - 3 September.

Gilev, W. AND. According to vital indications / V. Gilev // Land Novorzhevskaya. - 1993. - 3 September. - S. 2: photo.

Masolov, N. Zhitnitsy, September 1943 / N. Masolov // Novorzhevskaya Land. - 1993. - 3 Sept. – P. 3: photo.

Ivanov, M. ( former partisan 10 LPB (3 regiments 3 LPB)). How did the brigade commander die? : on the 49th anniversary of the death of Herman / M. Ivanov // Pskovskaya Pravda. - 1992. - 4 September. – P. 3.

Testimony of the participants of the Zhitnitsa battle about the death of brigade commander-3 A. V. German: D. M. Perfilov, G. M. Zhuravlev, A. A. Aleksandrov, Z. N. Orlova and others.

Reviews on the article:

Gilev, W. (former head of the hospital 3 LPB named after A. V. German). The death of brigade commander Herman: about the article in "Pskovskaya Pravda" "How did the brigade commander die?" / V. Gilev // Pskovskaya Pravda. - 1992. - 13 Oct. – S. 2.

Teresh, A. I managed to find out / A. Tereshch // Pskovskaya Pravda. - 1992. - 13 Oct. – S. 2.

Ivanov, G. (v. Ostrovtsy, Gdov district). Bitter truth / G. Ivanov // Pskovskaya Pravda. - 1992. - 13 Oct. – P. 3.

Letters from the commander of the partisan brigade A. V. German to his wife// Dead heroes speak: suicide letters of fighters against the Nazi invaders (1941-1945). - M., 1990. - S. 135-137.

Vinogradov, I. V. Legendary Herman // Vinogradov, I. V. Heroes and Fates. - Pskov, 1988. - S. 179-185.

Osipov, M. The last fight / M. Osipov // Pskovskaya Pravda. - 1992. - 13 Oct. - S. 2; Labor banner. - 1986. - March 18, 22, 25, 27.

Semenkov, I.(commander partisan detachment 3 LPB) . Battle for the Zhitnitsa / N. Semenkov // Young Leninist. - 1983. - 6 September. – P. 3.

Vinogradov, I. Legendary brigade commander: [3rd LPB commander Alexander Viktorovich German] / I. Vinogradov // Pskovskaya Pravda. - 1981. - 5, 6 September.

Masolov, N. V. Leningrad in my heart: (about A. V. German). - M.: Publishing house of political literature, 1981. - 126 p. : ill. - (Heroes of the Soviet Motherland).

Based on archival documents and memoirs of A. V. Herman's associates, the Leningrad journalist creates the image of a talented commander, a fearless warrior, and a charming person.

Voskresensky, M.(former head of the political department of the 3rd LPB). Veterans remember Kryukovo ...: [on the 35th anniversary of the heroic death of the commander of the 3rd LPB A.V. German] / M. Voskresensky // Banner of Labor. - 1978. - 7, 9, 12 Sept.

Voskresensky, M. Legendary brigade commander: on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the birth of the Hero of the Soviet Union A. V. German / M. Voskresensky // Political information. - 1975. - No. 9: May. - S. 17-19.

Lebedev, S.(former commissar of the 11th partisan detachment of the 3rd LPB named after A.V. German). The last battle of the brigade commander: 30th anniversary Great Victory/ S. Lebedev // Banner of Labor. - 1975. - May 13.

Malinov, E.(former deputy head of the political department of the 3rd LPB). The last battle of the brigade commander / E. Malinov // Banner of Labor. - 1973. - 6 September. – S. 2.

Sidorov, S.(deputy regiment for Komsomol 3 LPB). Last fight / S. Sidorov // Red Lighthouse. - 1973. - 6 September. - P. 4.; Labor banner. - 1973. - May 8. - S. 2-4.

Sidorov, S. Talented Commander / S. Sidorov // Communist Labor. - 1973. - 6 September.

Voskresensky, M. L. Barns: (notes of the head of the political department of the brigade) / M. L. Voskresensky // Banner of Labor. - 1969. - 9, 11, 14, 23 Aug. ; Labor banner. - 1963. - 9, 11, 14, 23 Aug.

Vinogradov, I. Father and son of the same age / I. Vinogradov // Korchaginians of the 60s / [comp. T. V. Mironov; thin G. K. Bedarev]. – M.: Soviet Russia, 1968. - S. 185-204.

Stepanov, W. Interview with the mistress of Herman / V. Stepanov; photo by V. Kolosov // Banner of Labor. - 1968. - September 17.

Memoirs of a resident of the village of Pozhito (now the Novorzhevsky district) Claudia Yakovlevna Shpineva, in whose house the brigade commander-3 A.V. German stayed.

Sinelnikov, M.(partisan of the 3rd LPB; adjutant of the chief of staff). About German, my commander / M. Sinelnikov // Pskovskaya Pravda. - 1968. - September 15.

Mironov, S. In the memory of the people: to the 25th anniversary of the battle of partisans with SS punishers / S. Mironov // Pskovskaya Pravda. - 1968. - September 10. : ph.

Nikolaev, R. Feat 25 years / R. Nikolaev; photo by V. Kolosov // Banner of Labor. - 1968. - September 10.

Vinogradov, I. Last meeting / I. Vinogradov // Pskovskaya Pravda. - 1968. - 6 September.

There are also poems dedicated to brigade commander A. V. German.

Voskresensky, M. L. And a battle broke out in Zhitnitsa ... / M. L. Voskresensky // Pskovskaya Pravda. - 1968. - 6 September. : ph.

Ignatenok, V."Everything is remembered ...": a conversation with a resident of the village of Pozhito (now the Novorzhevsky district) Claudia Yakovlevna Shpineva, in whose house the brigade commander-3 Alexander Viktorovich German / K. Ya. Shpineva stayed; the conversation was led by V. Ignatenok // Pskovskaya Pravda. - 1968. - 6 September. : ph.

Poems dedicated to brigade commander A. V. German are given.

Voskresensky, M. L. Herman leads the brigade: memoirs of a partisan / [lit. entry by N. Mosolov]. - L. : Lenizdat, 1965. - 215 p.

The author is the head of the political department of the 3rd LPB, commanded by A.V. German. Of particular interest is the story about the combat activities of the 2nd Special Brigade, in which A.V. German was deputy. commander for reconnaissance, and one of the first Red Army partisan detachments on the Soviet-German front - the detachment of them. Chkalov.

German, A. V."I will not shame the Russian land": from the letters of A.V. German / A.V. German // Pskovskaya Pravda. - 1965. - May 7. – P. 3.

Masolov, N. Covered in legends / N. Masolov // People of legends. - M., 1965. - Issue. 1. - S. 256-279; The bravest of the brave: essays on the Leningrad partisans - Heroes of the Soviet Union. - L., 1964. - S. 7-44.

Krasnikov, S. Legendary brigade commander / S. Krasnikov // Dear courage / [comp. N. V. Masolov]. - L.: Lenizdat, 1964. - S. 159-181; Heroes and deeds / [comp. N. V. Masolov]. - L., 1963. - S. 93-116: photo.

From the contents: In the 2nd Special; Innovator of guerrilla tactics; Thunderstorm punishers; Last battle.

Zoshchenko M. The wind extinguishes the sparks / Zoshchenko M. // Zoshchenko M. Stories. Feuilletons. Comedy. - M.; L., 1963. - S. 99-103 (You will never forget: stories about partisans).

Nikitin, E. Glory will not cease these days: a meeting of partisans in Novorzhev / E. Nikitin // Along the Leninist path. - 1963. - September 15. – P. 2: photo.

Voskresensky M. L. Faithful son of the motherland: from the memoirs of the head of the political department of the 3rd LPB M. L. Voskresensky / M. L. Voskresensky // Along the Leninist path. - 1963. - 6 September. : ph.

Novikov N.(former political instructor of the company headquarters detachment 3 LPB). Night of trials / N. Novikov // Along the Leninist path. - 1963. - 6 September. : ph.

Porutsenko A.(former chairman of the organizing committee for the restoration of Soviet power in the Partizan region). Unforgettable meeting / A. Porutsenko // Along the Leninist path. - 1963. - 6 September. : ph.

Karitsky, K. D. Leningrad partisans / K. D. Karitsky; About by distribution polit. and scientific knowledge of the RSFSR, Leningrad. dept. - Leningrad: [b. and.], 1962. - 96 p. : ill.

For A. Herman, see p. 56-70.

German, A. V. In the name of life on earth: two brigade commanders, two heroes: from the letters of A. V. German / A. V. German; foreword I. Vinogradova // Pskovskaya Pravda. - 1962. - September 18. – P. 3.

Vasiliev, M. Partisan brigade commander A. V. German / M. Vasiliev // Selskaya nov. - 1962. - May 8. – P. 2: photo.

Voskresensky, M. The death of the brigade commander / M. Voskresensky // On the banks of the Great: Pskov. lit. alm. - Pskov, 1947. - S. 91-100.

Voskresensky, M. Hero of the Pskov region / M. Voskresensky // Pskovskaya Pravda. - 1946. - November 10.

3 Leningrad partisan brigade

Egorov, V. Rugodevsky mountains / V. Egorov // Egorov V. On the land of Novorzhevskaya: road sketches 2. - Novorzhev, 2010. - P. 41-44: fot. ; Land Novorzhevskaya. - 2007. - 4 Dec. – p. 3

Cit. the commander of the partisan detachment N. I. Afanasyev.

Tikhanov A. They went on the attack shouting "Hurrah!" and "For the Motherland!" / A. Tikhanov // Pskovskaya Pravda. - 2008. - September 9. (No. 222). – P. 4: photo.

About the Day of Partisan Glory - a holiday in b. v. Zhitnitsy of the Novorzhevsky district (September 6, 1943, the commander of the 3rd LPB A. German died in this place); reminiscences of eyewitnesses of the last battle are given.

Nasurdinova, G. K. The role of Artemy Sagumyan in the fate of the Armenian prisoners of the Porkhov camp (actions of the 41st sabotage partisan detachment "Kerch") / G.K. Nasurdinova // Regional Studies Readings. Porkhov-Kholomki / Kom. on culture Adm. Pskov. region [and etc. ; comp. L. T. Vasilyeva]. - Pskov, 2006. - S. 158-168.

The detachment was formed on 5 Aug. 1943 from former prisoners of war and local recruits. Cit. regimental diary of Commissar Izotov and other documents. There is material about A.V. German.

Nasurdinova, G. 41st, sabotage: Armenians fought in the partisan brigade of Alexander German / G. Nasurdinova // Pskovskaya Pravda. - 2006. - September 12. - p. 5.

From the history of the "Kerchinsky" detachment, the Porkhov POW camp.

Yakovlev, T. I live on this earth...: from the competition of young journalists "Victory-60" / T. Yakovleva // Novorzhevskaya Land. - 2005. - 18 Feb. – P. 4.

Memories of the partisans of the 3rd Leningrad partisan brigade.

Egorov, V. The Third Leningrad: Chronicle of the People's War / V. Egorov // Novorzhevskaya Land. - 2003. - June 20, July 1, 18, August 12, 26, October 7. : ph.

Nobody is forgotten–nothing is forgotten: 60 years of the feat of the 3rd Leningrad partisan brigade of the Hero of the Soviet Union A. V. German: [booklet]. - Great Luke: [b. i.], 2003. - l. : ill.

Ivanov, G. Time has not erased my memory / G. Ivanov // Pskovskaya Pravda. - 2001. - 6 September. – P. 4.

Kovalev A. The Glorious Path of the Third Partisan Brigade / A. Kovalev // Ostrovskie Vesti. - 2000. - 24 Feb.

Kovalev A. Two comrades served / A. Kovalev // Ostrovskie news. - 2000. - 12 Feb.

About the partisans of the 3rd LPB A.S. Tikhanov, N.G. Ivanov.

Memoirs of a partisan I. S. Stepanov.

About the partisans who died in the battles for Zhitnitsa in September 1943.

Osipov, M. Way to the Third Brigade / M. Osipov // Banner of Labor. - 1986. - 8, 11, 22, 27 Feb.

About the struggle of 3 LPB in the Novorzhevsky district in 1942-1944.

Voskresensky, M.(head of the political department of the 3rd LPB in 1942-1943). Germanovtsy / M. Voskresensky // Pskov partisan region: memoirs of participants in the partisan movement. - L., 1985. - S. 130-140.

Frolov, V. The Battle of the Naverezh Lakes: [March 1943] / V. Frolov // Commune. - 1985. - 25 April.

Efimov, G. The second front behind enemy lines: says the commander of the partisan regiment / G. Efimov // Banner of Labor. - 1985. - April 20, 27, May 4, 9, 12, 14, 18.

Memoirs of a former partisan of the 21st detachment of the 3rd LPB about the explosion of the bridge on the Pskov-Porkhov highway in 1943

About the explosion of the bridge across the river. Keb in the summer of 1943

Sidorov, S. Glory will not cease these days: to the 40th anniversary of the formation of the 3rd Leningrad partisan brigade / S. Sidorov // Pskovskaya Pravda. - 1982. - July 31.

Sidorov, S. The storm of punishers: (to the 40th anniversary of the 3rd Leningrad partisan brigade) / S. Sidorov // Banner of Labor. - 1982. - July 29, August 10, 17, 24.

Gvozdev, K.(commander of the headquarters detachment 3 LPB). In the partisan region: [to the 40th anniversary of the creation of 3 LPB] / K. Gvozdev // Banner of Labor. - 1982. - July 20, 22, 24, 27, 29.

Ivanov, I. I. Not subject to oblivion: / I. I. Ivanov // Partisan paths of the Priilmenye / [comp. A. P. Luchin; lit. edited by N. M. Ivanov]. - L., 1981. - S. 151-156: photo.

Malinov, E. Herman's brigade smashes the enemy / E. Malinov // Banner of Labor. - 1978. - 12, 23 September.

Voskresensky, M. Rugodevsky forest: [Novorzhevsky district, 3 LPB] / M. Voskresensky // Banner of Labor. - 1978. - 21, 25, 28 Feb.

Chernov, K. In the brigade named after A. V. German / K. Chernov // Banner of Labor. - 1977. - May 8, 19, 28, June 19.

Buryanov, N. A.(commander of the detachment 3 LPB). 3rd Leningrad is fighting / N. A. Buryanov // Unbroken by the storm: partisans and fighters of the invisible front in the battle for Leningrad / [comp. N. Masolov]. - M., 1975. - S. 119-125.

Contents: On the border of the Partizan region; Legendary brigade commander [A. V. German].

Voskresensky, M. L. In Herman's brigade / M. L. Voskresensky // Glorious victory near Leningrad: [collection]. - L., 1975. - S. 548-551.

Voskresensky, M. L. Named after Herman / M. L. Voskresensky // Unbroken by the storm: partisans and fighters of the invisible front in the battle for Leningrad / [comp. N. Masolov]. - M., 1975. - S. 208-215.

About one of the military operations of the 3rd LPB near the village of Usadishche in 1943

Khudyakov, D. V.(commander of the 3rd regiment of the 3rd LPB). Sorot boiled up with fire / D. V. Khudyakov // Unbroken by the storm: partisans and fighters of the invisible front in the battle for Leningrad / [comp. N. Masolov]. - M., 1975. - S. 170-177.

Territory of Porkhovsky, Slavkovsky, Ostrovsky districts, 1943

Svetlov, G. Operation "0042" [Porkhov district] / G. Svetlov // Communist work. - 1974. - February 26, 2, 5, 7, 12, 14, 16, 21, 23, 26, 28 March, 2, 6, 9, 13, 16 April.

Malinov, E. Under a false name / E. Malinov // Leninskaya spark. - 1969. - February 16, 28, March 8, 26.

Malinov, E. After the explosion: from the memoirs of a former participant in the partisan movement in the Pskov region E. P. Malinova / E. Malinov // Leninskaya spark. - 1968. - 21, 22, 24 November.

Intelligence chief of the 3rd LPB - about the struggle of partisans in the Pushkinogorsk district.

Malinov, E. In May days / E. Malinov // Leninskaya spark. - 1968. - 6 September.

Memoirs of a former political worker of the 3rd LPB.

Zolotukhin A. The people are the winner / A. Zolotukhin // Lnovod. - 1968. - January 30, February 1.

About the actions of the 3rd LPB in the Strugokrasnensky and Lyadsky districts.

Cherniavsky, N. You can’t forget this: [memories of a veteran of the 3rd LPB] / N. Chernyavsky // Dawn of Communism. - 1967. - February 26.

Efimov, G. I.(commander of the regiment 3 LPB) . 3 Leningradskaya is coming / G.I. Efimov // Partisan bonfires are burning: memories of partisans participating in the battle for Leningrad / [comp. N. V. Masolov]. - L., 1966. - S. 291-299: photo.

About 3 LPB during the command of A.V. German.

Kostarev, I. A.(deputy commander of the 3rd LPB for reconnaissance). Scouts / I. A. Kostarev // Partisan bonfires are burning: memories of partisans participating in the battle for Leningrad / [comp. N. V. Masolov]. - L., 1966. - S. 326-333: photo.

Kostarev, I. A. Partisan paths / I. Kostarev // Communist work. - 1965. - May 3.

Unconquered land of Pskov: documents and materials, 1941-1944 / [comp. Ya. N. Almukhamedov and others]. - Pskov: Pskovskaya Pravda, 1964. - 478, p. : ill. - (Documents and materials from the history of the partisan movement during the Great Patriotic War, 1941-1944 / Arch. Department of the Executive Committee of the Pskov Region Council of Workers' Deputies, Pskov Region Party Architects).

Kugdevsky, S. The memory of the heroes is alive / S. Kugdevsky // Pskovskaya Pravda. - 1963. - September 10.

Glory will never fade, the fighting deeds of our partisans// Banner of labor. - 1963. - 8 September.

Semenkov, I. Third Leningradskaya...: from the memoirs of the commander of the partisan detachment of the brigade named after. A. V. Germana / I. Semenkov // Neva. - 1963. - No. 6. - S. 129-137.

Sidorov, S. Partisan, Komsomol / S. Sidorov // Young Leninist. - 1962. - February 22.

On the combat operations of the Komsomol detachment of the 3rd LPB on the territory of the Porkhovsky and Slavkovsky districts.

Malinov, E. On the land of the partisan: (notes of a partisan) / E. Malinov. - Pskov: Pskovizdat, 1948. - 117 p.

Sheverdalkin, P. R. Leningrad partisans / P. R. Sheverdalkin. - L.: Leningrad. gas. - journal. and book. publishing house, 1947. - 219 p. : ill.

Prepared by the head Sector of the Department of Local Lore Literature E. S. Storokozheva.

Square of Heroes

In the very center of Valdai, next to the Trinity Cathedral, there is the Square of Heroes. This is the place where the burial places of war heroes and the monument with the Eternal Flame are located.
Trinity Church.

View of the Square of Heroes from the Trinity Church.

Few people know that until 1772, on this site, on the square near the Trinity Cathedral and the Vvedenskaya Church, there was the largest and oldest cemetery of Valdai. All generations of Valdash were buried here.
In 1770, Empress Catherine II declared Valdai a city by her decree and ordered to carry out landscaping changes, including moving the cemetery outside the city beyond Pyatnitskaya Street (now Lunacharsky Street). The story about the cemetery on Lunacharsky Street (burial periods - 1770-1917) will be in one of the next part of the Valdai stories.

In the 1930s of the twentieth century, worship in the Trinity Cathedral was discontinued, the temple was closed. In 1941, an evacuation hospital worked in the building, in 1942-43. - House of the Red Army of the Political Directorate of the North-Western Front.
Valdai was the center of the front, here were the Headquarters of the NWF, the PU of the NWF, the Operational Department of the Headquarters of the Partisan Movement, the Headquarters of the Logistics, the Medical Directorate, etc. Near the building of the former cathedral, where the ancient Valdai cemetery was located, they buried soldiers who distinguished themselves in the battles for the Valdai elevation.

At the moment, there are 5 individual monuments on the square:

Pilot Nikolai Terekhin
Hero of the Soviet Union Nikolai Vasiliev.
Hero of the Soviet Union Alexander German.
Lieutenant General of Artillery Pavel Mironovich Belov
Food Commissar I. Nikolaev (participant in the civil war).

Why are these warriors famous?

Nikolay Vasilievich Terekhin
(1916-1942)

"Nikolai Terekhin was one of those guys,
Which is easier to die than to retreat back.
If such a friend is already friends, then to death, to the end,
If he fights, then without lowering his face.
If he got into trouble, he still goes ahead.
If he dies and takes the enemy to the grave.

Konstantin Simonov "The Secret of Victory"

Terekhin - Soviet fighter pilot, participant in the Great Patriotic War. One of two Soviet pilots who made an air ram three times, and two rams - in one battle:
On July 10, 1941, having used up all the ammunition, he shot down a Junkers 88 with a ram and, with his already damaged car, shot down another Junkers-88 with a second ram.
18.07. In 1941, at the end of the air battle, having no ammunition, he drove the Dornier-17 enemy aircraft into the ground with a skillful ramming maneuver.

He served in the ranks of the Red Army from 1934. Member of the CPSU (b) since 1939.
From August 1941 he commanded the 10th Fighter Aviation Regiment.
On May 30, 1942, he had 15 personally shot down enemy aircraft.

He died under unclear circumstances in an air battle on December 30, 1942. in the area of ​​Lake Vershinsky (Novgorodskaya Oblast). By the time of his death, Major N.V. Terekhin had accounted for about 250 sorties and 17 downed enemy aircraft.

Initially, he was buried in the village of Dobyvalovo, Valdai region, and after the war, his ashes were reburied in the Square of Heroes.

He was awarded the Orders of Lenin (1941) and the Order of the Patriotic War, 1st degree (1942). Introduced to the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, but was not awarded.

According to the memoirs of Terekhin's colleagues, while still at the military flying school, referring to the profession of a fighter pilot, Nikolai liked to refer to oriental wisdom: "He who goes to the mountains should not be afraid of cliffs."

Years passed, and everyone seemed to have forgotten about the bravest, selfless hero. Only scanty information remained about his unprecedented battle on the 7th day of the war in the volumes of the History of the Great Patriotic War and short biography in reference book"Heroes of air ramming" by General of Aviation A.D. Zaitsev, in which the place of the historical battle - near Mogilev - was transferred to the Leningrad Front and its date is incorrectly indicated.

These inaccuracies are easily explained - the circumstances of the death of ace Terekhin are still shrouded in mysteries. Talking about the death of their fearless commander, fellow soldiers uttered a mysterious phrase: "The group, which was led by the regimental commander Terekhin, changed course on the orders of someone from the ground and left without warning the commander. And after a few minutes of flight, his Kittyhawks were attacked by 6" Messerov "... They don't know exactly where the plane of the regiment crashed."
The documents of his personal file are not complete, to the requests of researchers to the archive of the Ministry of Defense, why Terekhin was not awarded the "Gold Star", for many years the same type of answer came: "There is no idea for the title of Hero of the Soviet Union."

Only much later, in post-Andropov times, through the efforts of Terekhin's friend Vasily Khovanov and attracted researchers - journalists, a copy of the award sheet for the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, signed six months before the death of the pilot, was found in Terekhin's personal file.

Burials of Heroes of the Soviet Union N.G. Vasilyev and A.V. Herman

Nikolai Grigorievich Vasiliev
(1908-1943)

Commander of the 2nd Leningrad Partisan Brigade. Hero of the Soviet Union (1944).

In July 1941, during a meeting of the operational group for the formation of partisan detachments, Vasiliev was offered to join the partisans. He agreed without hesitation. In Staraya Russa, the formation of the 2nd partisan brigade began from the inhabitants of Novgorod and Pskov lands. Vasiliev was appointed commander.
In the spring of 1942, the brigade carried out a daring operation. A convoy with food was transported across the front line to besieged Leningrad(223 carts).

Nikolai Grigoryevich Vasilyev died on March 25, 1943 in a hospital in the city of Vyshny Volochek from tuberculosis.

Awarded the Order of Lenin (1942), Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class (1943, posthumously), Medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" 1st class (1943, posthumously), Hero of the Soviet Union, Order of Lenin, Gold Star medal (1944, posthumously).

Alexander Viktorovich German
(1915-1943)

Commander of the 3rd Leningrad Partisan Brigade. Hero of the Soviet Union (1944)

Alexander German was born on May 23, 1915 in Petrograd in the family of an employee. In November 1933 he joined the Red Army. The beginning of the Great Patriotic War found him a student of the 2nd year of the Military Academy named after M.V. Frunze.

Since July 1941, German served in the intelligence department of the headquarters of the North-Western Front, and then acted as deputy commander of the 2nd Special Partisan Brigade for intelligence.

Since the summer of 1942, Major Alexander German was the commander of the 3rd Leningrad Partisan Brigade. Under his command, the brigade destroyed several thousand enemy soldiers and officers, derailed over three hundred railway trains, blew up hundreds of vehicles and saved thirty-five thousand Soviet citizens from being stolen into slavery.

Major German died a heroic death on September 6, 1943, leaving the enemy encirclement near the village of Zhitnitsy, Novorzhevsky district, Pskov region.

Recipients: Gold Star medal, Order of Lenin, Order of the Red Banner, Order of the Patriotic War, 1st class.

In St. Petersburg, a monument-stele was erected in honor of A. Herman.
In the village of Zhitnitsy, where Herman died, an obelisk was erected.

Food Commissar Nikolaev Ivan Nikolaevich
(died in 1918)

No information was found about this character. Perhaps he was a participant in the requisition of food supplies of the Iversky monastery. These events were described in the first part of the review of the cemeteries of Valdai (see Bishop Joseph of Valdai).

Belov Pavel Mironovich
(1898- 1942)

A native of Saratov. Chief of Artillery of the North-Western Front. Lieutenant general.
non-partisan; military education- advanced training courses for senior officers (KUVNAS) in 1931.
Participated in civil war on the Denikin, Polish, Wrangel and Antonov fronts.
Awarded the Order of the Red Star and anniversary medal"XX years of the Red Army".
He died on February 6, 1942 in the hospital from a short illness (presumably pneumonia).

Unfortunately, it was not possible to find information about how many people were allegedly buried at the site of the Square of Heroes and whether reburials were made in the future. When, in what year, the traces of burials were destroyed and the memorial of the Eternal Flame was erected at this place.
Eternal flame in the Square of Heroes

At the end of the review of the Square of Heroes, I want to tell you a little about the mystical story that happened to me. As already mentioned at the beginning, next to the Square of Heroes stands the Valdai Church of the Entry of the Most Holy Theotokos into the Temple.

This temple was built in 1776. Closed in 1930. Currently considered mothballed. The vaults of the main temple collapsed.

In 2008, under the federal program "Revival of Small Towns of Russia" 7,000,000 rubles were allocated for design and survey work to restore the Church of the Entrance of the Blessed Virgin Mary into the Church of the Lord in the city of Valdai.

The Valdai mayor's office told the press that specialists, together with archaeologists, were examining the state of the church's foundation. To do this, they made pits up to 1.5-2 meters deep near the walls of the building. In the soil layer, workers have already found fragments of ceramics, ancient coins, and the remains of burials. Based on the data obtained, documents will be drawn up for the further reconstruction and restoration of the Vvedenskaya Church.
It's been 6 years. It seems that 7 million was enough just to cover the temple with lime and tighten the facade with a fabric banner.

Going around the temple, whose architecture did not interest me, I found a small break in the boards above the side door, at a height slightly higher than my height. Switching the camera to shooting mode with a display through the display (I couldn’t reach the viewfinder), I launched my hands with the camera into the gap. On the display, absolutely wonderful views of collapsed walls made of old bricks, some fantastic roots, plants and arches crawling along the walls opened up to me. Taking shot after shot, I was glad that there was enough light coming through the gap in the roof so that I didn’t have to use the flash. I saw how the pictures “appear” on the display. They were supposed to be the "pearl" of my filming of this place.

Upon arrival, it turned out that there was not a single internal picture of the temple! And I did about 10 shots! A timer that marks the time of each frame per second (and I shoot like a photo maniac at 2-3 frames per second) shows a two-minute absence of shooting, and the frames, without losing their numbering, are completely intact until the moment when I entered the cherished threshold, to reach the gap, and then, after a 2-minute pause, they resume from the place when I had already left this ledge-threshold.

When I was told such things before, I did not believe. Now I believe. For three evenings, I went through 2,500 frames on the map several times, hoping to find THE SAME pictures. In vain. The Vvedensky church, which saw so much evil from people, chose to die closed from the eyes and lenses of idle observers. In fact, the church was destroyed. It will be possible to “restore” it only with a “new building” and it is not a fact that this will happen.

In the next part - a story about the "new" Valdai Civil Cemetery.

Heroes of the Great Patriotic War. Outstanding feats that the whole country should know Vostryshev Mikhail Ivanovich

Alexander German (1915–1943)

Alexander German

Alexander Viktorovich German was born on May 11 (24), 1915 in Petrograd in the family of an employee. After graduating from the seven-year school, he worked as a mechanic and studied at an auto-building technical school.

In November 1933 he joined the Red Army. In 1937 he graduated from the Oryol armored school and served in a mechanized brigade.

The beginning of the Great Patriotic War caught Alexander Viktorovich in Moscow as a student of the 2nd year of the Military Academy named after M.V. Frunze.

Since July 1941, Herman served in the intelligence department of the headquarters of the North-Western Front. There were fierce battles at the front. The partisan movement inflamed and expanded in the territory occupied by the enemy. The blows of the partisans would have been even more tangible if at that time their detachments had ample trained military personnel. Herman was well suited for the job. He kept in touch with the partisans, received through them intelligence data for the front headquarters, and was aware of many of their operations.

The military talent of Alexander Viktorovich was especially clearly revealed when, in June 1942, he was appointed commander of the 3rd Leningrad partisan brigade. Actually, the brigade had yet to be created, but for now there was a detachment of 150 people. It will serve as the core for the formation of the connection. Ivan Vasilyevich Krylov was appointed chief of staff, who became the closest assistant to the brigade commander in the development of operational-sabotage measures. They quickly worked together, and this greatly contributed to the successful actions of the partisans. The 3rd partisan brigade operated in many occupied areas of the Leningrad, Kalinin and Pskov regions. Before the arrival of the partisans, there was a complete dominance of the Nazis. Feeling their impunity, the occupiers sneered at the Soviet people, took away livestock and poultry from local residents, drove people to Germany. And those who did not obey the new order were destroyed.

A stray grenade and a stray bullet.

And when we press "past" - praying,

It repels us, sending us into the fire,

Our black, like bread, earth.

Mikhail Kulchitsky

Taking advantage of the carelessness of the Nazis, the partisans attacked their garrison in one of the villages. The operation was successful. The victory inspired all the fighters, added moral strength to the locals.

In a short time, the partisans of the brigade defeated nine Nazi garrisons and 50 volost administrations, derailed several enemy echelons. Large forests, rugged terrain with many lakes and swamps allowed the partisans to deliver sudden attacks on the Nazis, reliably sheltered them from the punishers, who could not use heavy equipment against the partisans - tanks, artillery. As German expected, active fighting brigades raised the working people of a number of districts of the Leningrad, Kalinin and Pskov regions to armed struggle against the invaders and their henchmen. Many of those whom the partisans saved from deportation to Germany joined the detachments of Alexander Herman. The partisans accumulated combat experience, and the size of the brigade grew. In the first three months, the number of fighters in it tripled. And by the fall of 1943, due to the admission of local residents to the brigade, it already numbered 2,500 people and turned into a formidable force.

Alive and sociable, firm when it came to following orders and discipline, the tactically competent brigade commander became a favorite of the fighters. And among the local population, his authority was high. “With our brigade commander, we will not be lost! We will follow him into fire and into water!” - said the partisans about Herman. And they had a reason for that. The punishers tried many times to destroy the brigade, but Alexander Viktorovich guessed their plans in time, led the partisans away from the blow. The combat glory of the brigade commander flew ahead of the partisan formation. His name inspired fear in the invaders.

Under the command of Alexander Herman, the brigade destroyed from June 1942 to September 1943 9652 Nazis, made 44 crashes of railway echelons with enemy manpower and equipment, blew up 31 railway bridges, defeated 17 enemy garrisons and up to 70 volost administrations.

In early September 1943, having prepared a special airfield, the partisans began to receive big land transports with ammunition, weapons, medicines, which delayed the brigade in one place for several days. The Nazis took advantage of this. Having pulled together parts of the SS, they surrounded the partisans.

I. V. Krylov recalled: “In terms of intelligence data, we decided to leave the encirclement. The brigade commander gave the order to march, and not to defeat the punishers in this village. We have no information that they appeared there. Otherwise, we would have prepared the regiments not for a campaign, but for a night battle. In such a situation, the battle formations would have been different. They would let the fourth regiment, where there were mostly very young, unfired partisans, bypass the enemy ambush, and not attack the Zhitnitsa garrison from the front after the third regiment. At 23.30, when we approached the village, the executioners from Zhitnitsa met us with fire. For the command of the brigade and its fighters, this was a bolt from the blue. When did the Germans appear in the village? How many? What weapons do they have? For the battalion commander and the headquarters, these questions were a mystery behind seven seals. For Herman, it was a difficult choice: to start a night battle or go around the village along the Shernetka River. The brigade commander ordered to storm Zhitsina.

The night battle broke out. Automatic and machine-gun bursts crackled. Every now and then, rockets flew up over the village, illuminating the field and vegetable gardens with a flickering light. The enemy side bristled with hurricane fire. However, even after that, the third regiment continued to confidently approach the enemy. Wooden buildings caught fire from incendiary bullets in Zhitnitsa. Fascist figures flickered in the disturbing light of the fire. They tried to stop the attackers. However, the regiment stepped up the onslaught, destroying the enemy, broke through the defenses. It seemed that the most difficult was left behind - the path was open. But the advancing fourth regiment, consisting of young fighters, slowed down the pace of advance, and then stopped. And this was enough for the punishers to close the gap.

Herman again led his fighters to storm. The Nazis desperately resisted, rushed into counterattacks, and fired at the partisans. Suddenly Herman stopped, looked for the commissar with his eyes, and said quietly: “I am wounded! What to do?" The commissar wanted to immediately call someone to help the brigade commander, but Herman forbade: “Be quiet! No one should know now about my injury! A nurse ran up to Herman, the commissar left the brigade commander in her care, and he hurried into the chain to lead the attack. The headquarters detachment captured the Zhitnitsa, defeated the punishers.

Herman in a fluttering cloak, with his Mauser held high, walked in the thick of the attackers. Everyone fled, but he walked firmly and, it seemed, calmly, as if he were walking not against a thick stream of bullets, but against the wind. I was next to Herman, looked back at him and admired him.

Brigade Commissar M. Voznesensky

Herman got up and, supported by a nurse, went to the village. But he was wounded for the third time. This time in the head. Alexander Herman died a heroic death on September 6, 1943.

Destroying the punishers, the 3rd partisan brigade escaped from the encirclement. In the headquarters detachment, the body of the brigade commander was carried on a wagon. The partisans followed the wagon in silence. At their request, his name was given to the brigade. As before, she continued to instill fear in the invaders.

The brigade commander was buried on the square of the city of Valdai, Novgorod Region.

By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of April 2, 1944, Major A.V. German was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for the exemplary performance of combat missions of command at the front and the courage and heroism shown at the same time.

Hero of the Soviet Union A. V. German (right) and V. P. Gordin behind the development of the operation

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Many people know the partisan heroes of the Great Patriotic War - Sidor Kovpak, Dmitry Emlyutin, Dmitry Medvedev, Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, Alexander Saburov. Books have been written about them, documentaries and feature films have been made. But in the vast expanses of the Soviet Union, involved in hostilities in 1941-1944, there were thousands of heroes whose names were lost in the hoary past.

One of these heroes is German Alexander Viktorovich (1915-1943). Having collected the facts bit by bit, we will tell the full story of this partisan.

Brief essay

• May 24, 1915 - the birthday of Alexander Viktorovich German. Place of birth - Leningrad (today - St. Petersburg).
• He graduated from a seven-year school, worked as a mechanic. In November 1933 he joined the Red Army.
• 1937 - graduate of the Orel Armored School. 1940 - entered the military academy. Frunze.
• From the very beginning of World War II, he served as a reconnaissance officer at the headquarters of the North-Western Front, after which he was appointed deputy commander of a partisan reconnaissance brigade.
• Summer 1942 - in the rank of major, German Alexander became the commander of the Third Leningrad partisan brigade.
• On September 6, 1943, he died in battle near the village of Zhitnitsy, Pskov Region.
• Over the years of service, he proved himself as a brave officer and a talented strategist. He had many awards, he was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

That sounds so dry Short story partisan German. Next, we will dwell in more detail on some facts of his life.

Before the start of the war

As mentioned above, Alexander German was born on May 24, 1915 in St. Petersburg, in a family of Russian Germans. His father and mother were simple employees. Sasha successfully completed the seven-year plan and got a job in a locksmith shop. The future partisan German combined his work with his studies, he graduated from an auto-building technical school.

In 1933, he was drafted into the army, after which the young man, dreaming of a military career, entered the Oryol Tank School. Here he studied the Constitution of the Soviet Union, the history of the Communist Party, the history of the peoples of the USSR, tactics, topography, and higher mathematics. Completed a tank driving course and studied combat techniques, did a lot of combat and construction training, developed physical strength and endurance.

In the late 30s of the 20th century, the future partisan Herman, whose biography is described in the article, married the girl Faina, they had a son, Albert, whom his father affectionately called Alyusik. Together with his wife and child, he moved to Moscow, to a communal apartment, on the street

In 1940 he became a cadet at the Frunze Military Academy in Moscow. Studied excellently. The future partisan Herman was a romantic at heart and in his free time he loved to wander alone through the streets of the capital and historical museums.

To defend the Motherland!

The war found him in his second year at the academy. Alexander Viktorovich immediately filed a request to send him to the army. In July 1941, he left to serve as a scout on the North-Western Front.

Clever, well-trained, courageous, Major Herman soon distinguished himself in the service and was awarded the Order of the Red Banner, which was personally presented to him by the front commander.

The military leadership saw great potential in the young officer, and it was decided to entrust him with a whole partisan detachment.

The beginning of the partisan path

In June 1942, by order, the hero of our article was appointed commander of the Third Leningrad Partisan Brigade, numbering just over 100 people. So the legendary partisan German Alexander Viktorovich appeared. Abandoned in the rear, he began a new life full of dangers and difficulties.

Officer Krylov Ivan Vasilievich was appointed chief of staff, with whom the partisan Herman became friends. A good comrade and closest assistant, Krylov helped the brigade commander develop operational-sabotage measures, plan partisan attacks, and reconnaissance operations.

Outstanding guerrilla commander

Partisan Herman, whose biography interests researchers in the history of the Great Patriotic War, became famous as an intelligent, resourceful and courageous commander. He owned the present. All the plans he developed were successful. His goal, along with the defeat of tactical objects of opponents, was to save the lives of his people, whom he greatly valued. In turn, the soldiers loved their commander very much for his openness, sincerity, goodwill, respected him for his firmness, strictness, ability, if necessary, to show character and will.

The Third Leningrad Partisan Brigade operated in the Leningrad, Pskov, Novgorod and Tver (then Kalinin) regions. Dense forests, many lakes and swampy terrain helped the partisans to hide safely, to deliver surprise attacks on the enemy, who could not answer them with tanks or heavy artillery.

Before the arrival of the Third Leningrad Partisan Brigade, the dominance of the Nazis reigned in these parts. The occupiers robbed local residents, abused them, intimidated and executed them. The story of the partisan hero Herman began with the fact that he, together with his people, delivered a series of crushing blows to the enemy. In record time and with minimal human losses, nine German garrisons, fifty administrative councils were defeated, five Nazi echelons were derailed, which destroyed a lot of enemy manpower and equipment.

Such successes inspired not only partisans, but also local residents, many of whom began to enter Herman's detachment. Soon the number of his brigade increased from 100 to 450 people, by the end of 1942 there were already more than 1000 partisans, and in the fall of 1943 - 2500 people! It was already a truly formidable force, the stronghold and soul of which was the hero of the Second World War German Alexander Viktorovich.

Achievements during the war

German partisan detachments liberated hundreds of settlements in the Novgorod, Pskov and Tver regions. Places in the vicinity of the cities of Staraya Russa, Dno and Bezhanitsy began to be called the Partisan Territory.

The hero of the article was one of the first to use the tactics of quick maneuvers and swift raids. During their activity, Germanic heroes:

• exterminated, according to the documents, 9652 Germans and many more undocumented enemies,
• organized 44 successful train crashes, in which the enemy lost a lot of equipment and manpower,
• blew 31,
• burned hundreds of enemy warehouses,
• destroyed 70 volost administrations,
• defeated 17 Nazi garrisons,
• saved 35 thousand Soviet citizens from captivity and deportation into slavery.

Partizan German Alexander Viktorovich, together with his fighters, accomplished many feats, their work was marked by many awards. Herman was promoted to the rank of colonel.

A capital base is equipped behind enemy lines

In addition to outstanding fighting qualities and strategic talents, partisan Herman, whose history is described in the article, also had the gift of a business executive.

It was previously mentioned that he treasured each human life entrusted to him by the highest military command. He was also worried about arranging the life of his soldiers as comfortably as possible, so that after tedious sorties the soldiers could fully relax, and in case of injury, receive the necessary medical care. Therefore, having settled in the forest, Herman's partisans settled down in a completely unconventional way: they lived with minimal but necessary amenities at a stationary base - in barracks with heating, the headquarters was located in a permanent building, kitchens, baths, a medical center and mini-hospital, warehouses.

Partisan Herman was convinced that nothing should be destroyed that could help his soldiers defeat the Nazis. Therefore, uniforms and weapons came not only from the mainland, but also replenished at the expense of trophies.

The partisans appreciated such care and said about him: "We will not be lost with our commander!", "We are behind the brigade commander - into fire and into water!"

Operating airfield and railway

Two more facts are amazing in themselves, and two more facts sound implausible: partisan Herman, whose photos demonstrate his open, bold look, built a real airfield at his base and mastered the railway!

The stationary airfield was built by the same partisans. A wide clearing has been cut in the forest, anti-aircraft crews have been made, a runway with warning posts has been equipped in accordance with all the rules, and infrastructure has been created to be able to receive large transport aircraft. Communication with the mainland was established. The partisans quickly responded to enemy attempts to destroy the airfield with attacks. Thus, the Nazi oil base in the city of Porkhov was destroyed, the German air depots in locality Pushkin mountains. As a result, for the entire existence of the partisan base Soviet aircraft they flew there regularly, supplying uniforms, food, ammunition, taking away the wounded.

An interesting story happened with the railway. In one of the reconnaissance sorties, German soldiers discovered a narrow-gauge peat railway with an abandoned locomotive, wagons and platforms. Upon closer examination, it turned out that everything was in working order, and the partisans began to actively use the narrow gauge railway under the noses of the Nazis. The railroad passed mainly through a deaf swampy area. Only one section of it approached the Podsevy station, which was controlled by the Germans. The guerrillas each time, if necessary, to pass this section, arranged shelling of the station, and each time the train safely passed the obstacle.

Attempts to destroy the squad

You should not think that the partisan Herman, together with his fighters, calmly fought behind enemy lines. The Nazis were constantly trying to destroy this brigade.

In March 1943, a large-scale punitive operation was carried out against the German partisan detachments with the forces of 4000 German soldiers and officers, reinforced by tanks and artillery. The battlefield was the village of Rovnyak in the Porkhov district of the Pskov region. During the battles, more than 900 fascists were killed, 3 enemy echelons were destroyed, 4 highway bridges were blown up, 6 tanks were knocked out. In contrast to the significant losses of the Nazis, the German partisan brigade lost 96 fighters, of which 37 were killed and 59 were wounded.

In May 1943, wanting to put an end to the partisans in the Leningrad forests, the Germans threw an entire rifle division at them. Total Soviet heroes withstood 19 battles, during which the enemy lost 1604 soldiers and officers, 7 echelons, 16 highway bridges and 2 cars were blown up. In the ranks of the partisans, 39 fighters were killed and 64 wounded.

In August 1943, a well-known specialist was invited to these parts, who destroyed many partisan detachments near Smolensk. German partisans were immediately notified of this by their scouts. Who is it? How does this mysterious specialist work? The reconnaissance group managed to establish that the fascist expert acts as follows: they take off their clothes and shoes from the captured Soviet soldiers, give trained dogs a sniff, which take the trail and lead the punishers to the place of deployment of the partisans. Moreover, neither sprinkling the path with makhorka, nor trampling the road by other people could knock the dogs off the trail. Having received this data, Alexander Herman immediately came up with an original plan. His people captured "tongue", who was led to the headquarters by a secret path through the swamps, then organized his escape, and the path was mined. When the Germans moved in a large detachment along this road to the headquarters of the partisans, the mines, of course, exploded, and the entire fascist detachment died without a single shot from our side.

Battle under the Zhitnitsy. Death of a hero

In early September 1943, Herman's partisan brigade was attacked again. This time the battle took place near the village of Zhitnitsa, Novorzhevsky district, Pskov region.

The Soviet fighters defeated the enemy, but suffered heavy losses, breaking out of the encirclement. In a hot battle on September 6, 1943, Alexander Viktorovich German, a forgotten partisan with a capital letter, died heroically.

According to the memoirs of the brigade commissar Voskresensky, the beloved brigade commander was wounded twice, but forbade the fighters to talk about it and continued to shoot back. A third head wound was fatal. The 28-year-old brigade commander died.

The body of the colonel was delivered by plane to the Soviet rear. The hero was buried in the city of Valdai, Novgorod Region, on Freedom Square.

On April 2, 1944, by the Decree of the Presidium of the USSR Armed Forces, Colonel German A.V. was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union for the impeccable performance of combat missions, courage and bravery.

Awards and titles

Partizan German Alexander Viktorovich was awarded:

• the Gold Star medal, which was awarded to persons awarded the highest title of Hero of the Soviet Union,
• for special services to the Soviet state and society,
• Order of the Red Banner for unprecedented courage and selflessness in the fight against fascist invaders,
• Order of the Patriotic War 1st class for military prowess.

memory of a hero

On September 7, 1943, the Third Leningrad Partisan Brigade was renamed the Herman Partisan Brigade in honor of its glorious commander.

In the village of Zhitnitsy, an obelisk was erected at the place where the hero died. Streets in St. Petersburg, Veliky Novgorod, Pskov, the cities of Ostrov and Porkhovo, Valdai are named after him. In St. Petersburg, a stele was also installed as a memorial to the partisan Herman.

In the city of Novorzhev, a memorial plaque was erected in honor of the deceased commander. The district administration decided that September 6 is the Day of Partisan Glory. The holiday is celebrated annually to this day with the participation of veterans, citizens, schoolchildren.

The partisan hero Herman, whose photo adorns many, is an unconditional role model. Many chapters in books are dedicated to him, his short but bright life, his courage and great humanity:

• "The exploits of heroes are immortal", authors N. P. Korneev and O. V. Alekseev, 2005 edition.
• "German Alexander Viktorovich", edited by N. P. Korneev, 1993 edition.
• "Leningrad in my heart", the author of the book was the journalist N.V. Masolov, who used archival documents, personal letters of Herman, and memories of his associates to write it. The book was published in 1981.
• "Partisan brigade commanders: people and destinies". book based archival materials wrote local historian N. V. Nikitenko. She saw the light in 2010. It tells about the partisan detachments that operated during the Great Patriotic War in the occupied territories of the Leningrad and Tver regions.
• Memoir collection "Heroes and Fates" by IV Vinogradov, 1988 edition. The writer met personally with Alexander Herman several times.
• "German leads a brigade" by the author M. L. Voskresensky, who directly served under the legendary partisan commander. The book was published in 1965.
• "Pskov Partisan" - memoirs of the partisan M. Voskresensky, head of the political department of the Third Leningrad Partisan Brigade. Book of 1979 edition.
• "According to vital indications", 1990 edition. The author is a partisan doctor V. I. Gilev.
• "The partisans swore an oath", 1985 edition. The memoirs were written by II Sergunin, Hero of the Soviet Union, a prominent member of the partisan movement. The book is based on his personal impressions, entries in the diaries of other fighters, letters and archival documents.
• "Why are they named so", 1985 edition under the authorship of Khablo E. P. and Gorbachevich K. S. The book explains the names of streets, islands, squares of St. Petersburg.

A well-groomed monument, photos, texts... for example, excellent material: http://blokada.otrok.ru/biogr.php?l=4&n=1eav&t=2 with a link to two book editions:

Probably there are descendants of the hero ... We have not forgotten anything. But the author of the publication believes that this is not so.

Herman is the forgotten Partizan with a capital letter.

Many Petersburgers know Partizan Herman Street, but few know what outstanding person this street is named after.

The detachment not only fought successfully, but also settled down completely unconventionally for the partisans - in the depths of the forests, far from the well-traveled roads, a stationary base arose, which eventually turned into a real fortified area - with capital buildings, barracks, kitchens, baths, an infirmary, headquarters, warehouses, etc. .P.

By the summer of 1942, the success of the detachment, commanding talent and economic abilities of German led to the fact that a regular partisan brigade was formed on its basis, its number increased to 2500 people, the combat zone extended to most of the territory of Porkhovskoye, Pozherevitsky, Slavkovichsky, Novorzhevsky, Ostrovsky and other districts of the Pskov region.

Now for the incredible facts:

For the first time in partisan practice, Herman created a stationary airfield near the base, cut a clearing in the forest, equipped a runway and infrastructure for receiving heavy transport aircraft, posted warning posts and anti-aircraft crews. The problem of supply and communication with the "mainland" was solved. Several attempts to lift fighter aviation to intercept partisan aircraft ended with attacks on an oil base in the city of Porkhov and aviation depots in the village of Pushkinskiye Gory, as a result, all expendable supplies of fuel, ammunition and other things were destroyed. The regiment turned out to be incompetent and could not perform combat missions at the front. They could have been scolded for the partisans, but for such consequences one can really “rattle”. The commander of the Luftwaffe regiment clearly understood this. And the planes in the "forest" flew regularly.

However, this was not enough for Herman. During one of the sorties, a “peat” narrow-gauge railway was discovered passing near the base with rolling stock abandoned on it in a hurry during the retreat - locomotives, wagons and platforms. The road led to the front line, moreover, along the most deaf marshes and swamps (in fact, peat is mined there). There was one bad luck - the section of the narrow-gauge railway passed along the outskirts of the Podseva junction station, which served as a transshipment point german army and had a strong garrison. If transportation was necessary, each time crushing blows were delivered to the station, and "on the sly" the partisan formations successfully passed a bad place. In the end (I want to live), the command of the garrison simply stopped paying attention to small locomotives and wagons scurrying back and forth through the outskirts of the station, especially since they did not create any special problems, they behaved decently and preferred to move at night. All this time, partisan transportation was carried out.from the front line to the rear of the enemy by rail . This has never happened before or since.

After the planned replacement of the former composition of the garrison, a new commandant arrived at the station, from the staff, Major Paulwitz. Despite the "subtle" hints of the shifter, the situation with the enemy trains constantly following his station struck him so much that that same evening the path was cut and another transport was ambushed. In the morning, the station was captured by a swift blow and held for several days, the garrison was destroyed, the cargoes were blown up or taken as trophies. Along the way, five bridges were blown up, including a strategic one across the Keb River. The road "got up" exactly for 12 days. Who exactly shot Paulwitz is not exactly known, at least in the reports of the brigade this feat is not listed for any of the partisans.
According to the recollections of the railway workers, the Germans soon pulled the barbed wire from the tracks to the narrow gauge and did not notice it at point-blank range.

A special group arrived from Smolensk under the command of an authoritative specialist in the fight against partisans (the name has not been preserved, and it does not matter). On the conscience of this "specialist" there were about a dozen destroyed partisan detachments in the Smolensk region. Using his agent channels, Herman revealed the secret of his success: when partisans were captured or destroyed, their clothes and shoes were taken off, they were given a sniff by ordinary police bloodhounds - after which a detachment of punishers advanced in the footsteps exactly to the partisan base, bypassing all swamps, ambushes and mines. The use of well-known methods - sprinkling traces with shag, pouring urine did not help, because this fact only confirmed the correctness of the route. Groups began to leave one way, and return - the other. Immediately after the passage "there" the path was carefully mined. As well as after the passage "back". With the "craftsman" himself (after the death of several punitive detachments, he quickly figured out what was the matter, and he himself did not "follow" this trick), they dealt with it even more gracefully: having mined in front of the captive "tongue" according to the standard "reverse path", further they led him along a secret submerged gati. It is not known exactly how, but he nevertheless escaped and returned to his people along this gati. Alive. So the ditch is clean. Abverovets, rubbing his hands contentedly, demanded a large detachment, and smiling brazenly, led him around the mines in this way. He did not return himself and "demobilized" two SS companies. The gat still exploded, without much noise. From both ends at the same time. There was no need to shoot, the swamp coped with it one hundred percent. The command was alarmed - how could it disappear without a trace ALLSS detachment, and even without any signs of combat? But no more attempts were made to find the base until the autumn of 1943.

The German brigade developed more than friendly relations with the local population. Thanks to the airport and railway station operating at the base a tolerable supply was established, so that the villagers did not see partisan food detachments, and the Germans preferred in the villages near the detachment, for well-known reasons, not to get hold of grubs and the population once again do not disturb with your presence.

Gradually, German began to change tactics in the territory under his control - from purely military to military-political. A military tribunal was organized, which held open field sessions in villages and villages (the institute of policemen and other elders and accomplices instantly disappeared as species, and the Germans who got caught were transferred to the status of prisoners of war, and were sent by rail to camps on the mainland ... yes, yes ... past that same Podseva station).

An infirmary was opened, in which the surrounding residents could apply and receive all possible medical care. In severe cases, doctors went ON HOUSE. Soviet "ambulance" in the German rear. Hmmm...
In order to resolve current issues, temporary village councils and executive committees were formed, which went to the places, engaged in propaganda work and received the population. Of course, they did not occupy the buildings opposite the German commandant's offices, as Zoshchenko ironically, they came for a short time and to a pre-selected place, but, nevertheless ...
Here the unthinkable happened. No, no, no executive committee was captured, and there were no German spies among the sick.

At the next reception of the underground executive committee, a deputation of the station garrison, a sort of wiser heirs of Paulwitz, showed up with the lowest request - they should be replaced, I really want to go back to Vaterland, to their families. And since the roads and bridges in the district are all blown up, and the roads are mined, and in general - you can’t drive through them anyway, then ... can they get a pass? Or get out on a partisan piece of iron (after all, only one is serviceable), but in the opposite direction. And they are nothing at all. With all understanding. The trains regularly pass and even the tracks are monitored so that no one hurts.

A few days later, an officer from the local field commandant's office showed up with a complaint about a detachment of foragers from some neighboring unit, who scour the villages and procure food and oats for themselves, which the villagers are not at all happy about. And since he personally and his warriors are not going to answer for this outrage with their own skin, then, is it possible ... this detachment ... well ... in general, drive it home?
It is not known how these surreal claims ended for the petitioners (the consequences are not mentioned in the primary sources, although these facts themselves are noted), but somehow they became known to the high command, including in Berlin.

To say that the command was furious is to say nothing. A whole bunch of local chiefs and officers were arrested, convicted, demoted or sent to the front. Despite the tense situation, from the front there was WHOLEa combat-ready division was removed, along with tanks, artillery and aircraft, and two SS units with a total strength of about 4,500 people.

The brigade was surrounded, stubborn battles ensued, Herman personally commanded the withdrawal, planned another brilliant combination, and, although with losses, the brigade successfully broke through to the regular troops, destroying more than half of the attacking troops.

In the village of Zhitnitsa, the advance detachment stumbled upon a garrison of punishers and defeated it. The brigade escaped from the encirclement to the Rugodevsky forests, during the battle the commander of the 3rd partisan brigade, Colonel Alexander Viktorovich German, was wounded three times, the last wound to the head was fatal. He died on September 6, 1943 near the village of Zhitnitsy. Soon an order was received from the Leningrad headquarters of the partisan movement to assign the name of Herman to the brigade and continue to call it: the 3rd partisan brigade named after Herman of the Leningrad headquarters of the partisan movement. In April 1943, Alexander Viktorovich German was posthumously awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union.

After that, the brigade continued successful operations behind enemy lines, about which you can Reading the official summary (from June 1942 to September 1943, a brigade under the command of Herman destroyed 9652 Nazis, 44 crashes of railway echelons with enemy manpower and equipment, 31 railway bridges were blown up, 17 enemy garrisons were defeated, up to 70 volost administrations, and so on. ..), I don’t understand why we know almost nothing about this person, how could the name of one of the most talented and successful military leaders, who had non-trivial strategic thinking, melt away in the fog of hoary antiquity?
A detailed description of the military operations of the brigade of Alexander Herman completely baffles - could a person act like that, achieve such amazing results in defeating the enemy in the most difficult conditions, acting behind enemy lines, when the regular army was rapidly retreating, when the outcome of the war was still completely unknown .. .

What do we know about the last heroes of the Brest Fortress, whom the Nazis saluted? What do we know about fighting behind enemy lines? What do we know about the Great Patriotic War if we are engaged in debunking existing feats, but do not want to remember other feats at all? After all, the entire Victory in the Great War should rightfully be considered popular! After all, how many "Matrosovs", "Gastello" were just names assigned to them, and there were, if not thousands, then dozens of such people. And you need to make films about such Of people, and not about "good Germans" throwing chocolates.

Thank you for your attention, study history!

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