Mankind was engaged in the construction of residential dungeons long before the advent of our era. Secret were needed by residents of large settlements for various needs. AT modern world the construction of underground catacombs acquired a special scope during the First World War, when chemical weapons began to be actively used. Within the territory of Soviet Union There were more than two thousand underground settlements. Underground cities of Russia still exist today.

Mystery underfoot

Many have heard about the existence of bunkers. At the same time, people often do not think about the fact that every day they pass over mysterious cities, not suspecting anything. The entrance to the dungeon can be located in the most ordinary building, for example, in a residential building. Only a limited number of people have access to the secret. These are well-tested people who live underground for years and perform certain functions. Among the underground settlements are:

Secret underground cities of Russia

It is believed that the first underground buildings appeared in Russia during the time of Ivan the Terrible's grandmother Sophia Paleolog. Of course, underground structures could have existed before, but only in the time of Princess Sophia did their creation begin to take on a large scale. Most of the underground structures were not included in the registers. Only a select few knew about their whereabouts.

The creation of dungeons is directly related to Orthodoxy. The first Christians were forced to practice their religion in secret, gathering in caves and catacombs. In memory of the first followers of Christ, underground churches and monasteries were built. The catacombs served not only as a place for quiet solitary prayer. Here they hid from Muslim horsemen from the Golden Horde and from Catholic knights from the west. The construction of dungeons required special knowledge and sophisticated equipment. In Russia there was neither one nor the other. Grand Duke John was forced to invite the Italian specialists Pietro Antonio Solari, Andrei Fioravanti and his father Aristotle.

Secret underground cities were necessary to protect not only from external, but also from internal enemies. Russia often suffered from princely strife. One ruler sought to destroy another in order to take a more advantageous throne. Even after the unification of Russia, the Grand Duke should have been wary of his close associates.

Another problem that underground structures helped to cope with was fires. Unlike Western Europe, where preference was given to stone during construction, wood was used in Russia. Every year there were strong fires, after which entire streets burned out. People lost not only houses, but also other property that had been accrued over the years. The richest residents of the capital began to build dungeons where they could store the most valuable things. After the tower burned down, the catacombs also became a temporary place of residence for the victims of the fire.

The underground cities of Russia, built several centuries ago, still exist today. They were not entered on the maps, and the entrance to them was kept in the strictest confidence. Sometimes the keeper of the secret died before he could pass on his secret to the next keeper. In this case, the underground city remained a secret forever. Probably, the secret will be revealed only by archaeologists of the future.

Underground cities: video

Humanity has been buried underground for a long time. To protect yourself, hide your secrets, prepare for the inevitable. Examples include dugouts, ancient underground tunnels, catacombs, bunkers, and even entire cities.

Turkey. Derinkuyu, Cappadocia. In 1960, archaeologists accidentally discovered the underground village of Derinkuyu, which has up to 18 levels. Presumably, it was built in the 8th century BC. e. fugitives hiding from enemies. One could live there for a long time without fear of the longest siege. Who these builders were, from whom they were hiding and who pursued them, scientists cannot yet answer for sure.

France. Naur. In ancient times, in the north of France, the Romans made a stone quarry under the forest. In the Middle Ages, the locals adapted the quarry as a shelter where they could hide from mercenaries and armed groups. In the constructed caves, 3 thousand people could hide, wells, chapels, bakeries and even stables were hollowed out there.

Mining salt for seven centuries, people dug deeper and further into the ground. Empty spaces gradually began to settle down, turning into a seven-level palace. The tunnels stretch for 300 kilometers and are located at a depth of more than 200 meters.

Ethiopia. Lalibela. In the African country, the memory of King Gebre Meskel Lalibela has been preserved. His reign falls between the 12th and 13th centuries. The king from the Zagwe dynasty was a restrained in food, fair in deeds and an ambitious ruler in thoughts. Having once visited Jerusalem, he began to build a semblance of the Holy City. Of course, he doesn’t have such monuments in the Eternal City, but there are a large number of catacombs deepened into the ground, where different ones are still found.

Italy. Orvieto. On the Italian hills is the ancient town of Orvieto. It is interesting not only for architectural buildings located on the surface, but also underground. Even the ancient Etruscan tribes began to deepen here. Each generation expanded, enlarged and ennobled the dungeon. Until it turned into a semblance of a real city.

Jordan. Peter. Perhaps Petra is the most famous city carved into the rocks. It is difficult to call it underground, as the buildings seem to be in plain sight. However, recent excavations have shown that passages and rooms go deeper and further into the rocks. Once upon a time, trading life was in full swing on the territory of Petra, until the ways of transporting goods shifted.

USA. Burlington. During the Cold War, shelters were built all over the world, usually for high-ranking officials. In the American city of Burlington, underground bunkers were dug out and equipped, representing a whole complex capable of accommodating up to 4 thousand people. There were offices, medical rooms, cafeterias, and an Air Force radio station and studio. In 2004, the building was demolished.

China. Beijing. Chinese large-scale plans and fears are legendary. In the 60s and 70s they dug into the ground, fearing an atomic war. A shelter of such magnitude was created under the capital that more than a million Chinese could live there for six months, eating and having fun without leaving the surface.

Now everyone modern city represents locality with a huge number of buildings, streets and other infrastructure that we see on the surface. However, as it turned out, this whole organism may well exist underground. We bring to your attention a list of the ten most famous underground cities in the world.

Burlington

This city was built by the government of Foggy Albion during the Cold War. The bunker occupied 240 hectares and could accommodate approximately 3,600 statesmen. Burlington occupied the site of a former stone quarry. He could boast of having underground lakes. The conditions created in the city made it possible to stay in the bunker for three months. The Prime Minister took care of placing here not only a church, water purification facilities, but also a pub. A radio station was specially provided for communication between the government and the people. A huge number of roads even made it possible to place a railway station. The city existed in working condition for more than forty years.

Cappadocia, Turkey

Cappadocia is a whole complex of underground settlements, consisting of 36 cities. The purpose of building cities, first of all, was protection from the enemy. One of the largest cities consisted of 12 floors, and its population was approximately several thousand inhabitants. It's hard to believe, but underground there were even special rooms for livestock, as well as everything necessary for processing agricultural products. Thanks to the ventilation windows, it was possible to stay underground for quite a long time. Currently, these underground cities are in a dilapidated state, and local residents use the first floors for household needs.

Kish, Iran

Kish is a small island located in the Persian Gulf in southern Iran. It is the country's main beach resort. However, not everyone knows that there is an underground city under it, whose age is approximately two thousand five hundred years. The city is so shrouded in mystery that it doesn't even have a name. According to residents, it was previously used to manage water resources. Currently (as of 2013), hotels, restaurants, cinemas are being built in it, and very soon the underground city will be open to tourists.

Coober Pedy, Australia

Seventh place in the list of the most famous underground cities in the world is Coober Pedy. This underground city in Australia was built by residents at the beginning of the last century for their families. The main purpose of building the city was protection from the heat. Even underground, the temperature here reaches 26 degrees, so to get really cool, you need to go down to a depth of six meters. The owners of some houses boast private pools. The city has a gallery and a museum. You can also visit the Orthodox Church.

The age of this underground city is about 700 years. The mine consists of nine levels, on which there are huge halls, mysterious corridors and long tunnels. Each of these rooms is decorated with salt sculptures. The underground city in Wieliczka boasts not only a majestic chapel, but even lakes. This is the only mining facility that has been operating since its construction until today. Three levels of the mine are open to tourists. On the third level, you will descend to a depth of 130 meters and will be able to follow the history of salt mining from the 11th century to the present day.

Portland, Oregon, USA

In the center of this city there is a whole system of underground Shanghai tunnels. In the tunnels there were special hotels for sailors, where they could rest between flights. However, the walls of these tunnels seem to still remember all the horror of the past. According to the stories of Portland residents, human trafficking was previously carried out in the underground city. Recruiters were engaged in selling men as sailors on ships, and the captains paid them a large amount of money for this. Rumor has it that ghosts roam the tunnels at night. Most researchers have noted this underground town as the most mystical in the entire district. For the bravest tourists, there is a special opportunity to plunge into the past; excursions have recently been held in the tunnels.

City of the Gods

It is known that the only of the seven wonders of the world that have come down to us are the pyramids in Egypt. Not only are the pyramids of Giza already of great interest to tourists, but now they are talked about incessantly. The fact is that researchers believe that under these pyramids there is a whole underground city with a huge number of tunnels and passages. Scientists have already mapped a huge underground city that could potentially be located in this place. The City of the Gods is still shrouded in mystery and is the most mysterious of all the cities that are underground. However, given the interest in the pyramids of Giza in Egypt, which arose back in 1978, we can safely assume that all the secrets will soon be solved.

Moose Jaw, Saskatchewan , Canada

Unlike the beautiful underground city, which was built for protection during military conflicts, Moose Jo was supposed to protect residents from negative weather conditions. A whole network of tunnels and underground passages saved workers from severe frosts. However, soon after the construction, the crime bosses, who did not pass the dry law that came into force in January 1920 in the United States, found another use for the city. A casino, a brothel, and an institution where you could buy illegal alcohol appeared in it. That is why it is called mini-Las Vegas. There is evidence that even the most famous American gangster, Al Capone, appeared in these criminal gangs.

The Spanish town of Setenil de las Bodages

It is worth noting that this city is not underground, its location is even more interesting - it is located in the rock. As far as safety is concerned, the residents of the city are fine with that. Firstly, these rocks have stood motionless for several million years, and secondly, the city has been located in them for more than eight centuries. It is a small city with a population of three thousand inhabitants. The houses are so skillfully and competently built between the rocks that they look like a glove. In addition, the rocks are not only pleasing to the eye, but also perform a practical function - in winter they protect houses from cold winds, and in summer - from extreme heat.

A huge network of tunnels, 30 kilometers long, was dug during the reign of Mao Zedong. City building underground northern capital took about 10 years. Not surprisingly, the result exceeded all expectations. The city boasted a huge number of cafes, restaurants, shops, theaters, schools, hairdressers and even special areas for ice skating. The main purpose of this city was to protect the population in the event of an attack by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR). Since 2000, the city has been open to the public and is currently a big hit with tourists from all over the world. And some of the premises are now used as hostels, hotels and even theaters.

Living underground must be interesting. Especially if the history of the place goes back centuries, shrouded in secrets and replete with mysterious facts.

Matmata, Tunisia

Local residents, a Berber community, live in the town of Matmata in Tunisia. They themselves dig holes in the ground, under caves, to hide from the scorching heat. Between themselves, all the rooms in the caves are connected by passages.

The origins of the caves are unknown, but there is a myth that for the first time the Berbers were forced to dig underground dwellings in order to free themselves from the Egyptian invaders.

There is also a legend that some terrible monsters were found underground, from which they had to be buried deep in holes where they could not penetrate. It is curious that no one knew about Matmata until 1967, and now many residents of this place live off tourists, organizing small exhibitions and fairs in their own homes.

Sonnenberg, Switzerland

Switzerland has no nuclear weapons. However, fearing for the lives of its citizens, the government of the country issued a decree according to which every house built after 1968 must have its own bomb shelter. The walls of the bomb shelter must be able to withstand the equivalent of an explosion of 50 megatons of TNT at a distance of up to 700 meters.

In fact, the government fears that the country may become a military training ground in the implementation of NATO's plans in the Warsaw Pact, so it took such measures. The underground shelter is a long multi-kilometer tunnel that leads from Switzerland to Italy. Its length is 1550 meters, there is an ordinary asphalt road.

The tunnel is designed for a long-term stay of about 2,000 people. Ventilation is provided here. Unfortunately, the doors to the tunnel weighed 350 tons and it was found that there was no way to close them. I had to partially dismantle the object. However, it still has its own control system, engineering networks, a prison for 350 people, a command post, an air filtration system.

Despite the fact that it is completely impossible to equip shelters, the Swiss government still obliges them to be built. Residents use the vaults as cellars. They store inventory, tools, products, wines there. Of course, according to Sonnenberg - the most famous building of this type in the country.

Jurong Caves, Singapore

Singapore is an actively developing city. Oil is extracted here, the tourism business is flourishing. In the rock suites, it was decided to create a unique space to accommodate 607,000 sq.m. living space.

4 primitive houses were built, where 200 scientists live, oil and gas reserves are located. In fact, Jurong is a trading platform for the sale of oil and gas, as well as its production, storage and exploration.

Villa Suterren, Montreal, Quebec, Canada

In 1962, residents of a rather cool (for Canada) region began to build an underground city, and construction is still ongoing. Under the ground is a real living city with a network of shops, residential spaces, offices, banks, hotels. There will be a subway system. That is, the metro, which is underground in the territory, which is underground.

Underground city in Beijing

An elaborate and huge bomb shelter has been built in Beijing. The result was the city of Dixia Cheng. It is spread over an area of ​​85 km, at a depth of 8 to 18 meters from the surface of the earth. Construction began in 1970. For a long time, in anticipation of a war with the USSR, it was closed, and in 2000 it became a local landmark. More than 90 entrances lead to the complex, many of which are disguised in large shopping centers. Tourists describe the place as "really dark, damp and creepy." To be honest, a disgusting place. Absolutely unkempt, uncomfortable and definitely not for claustrophobes. Some sort of underground cell.

Salt mines, Poland

But the Poles excelled.

The salt mine is located in the Krakow area and is considered a UNESCO heritage. It was built in the 13th century, and has a length of more than 287 km in depth. Table salt has not been mined here since 2007.

Today, the mine has a completely different look. Chandeliers were hung here, statues were placed, elements of chapels were built and a chic cathedral was built. The mine is located in the town of Velichka. The mine has a long and beautiful history. Entire generations of crowned persons were treated here, every year the mine was decorated and new architectural objects were created here, the cathedral is a local treasure and decoration, the walls are decorated with tiles and statues, and in general the atmosphere inside is simply royal. A real underground palace.

Coober Pedy, Australia

This place is practically waterless and uninhabited, with a strange landscape. Once people lived here and mined opals (a rich deposit is located here). Today, the Coober Pedy Museum houses art galleries and shops.

Natural and man-made underground cavities are found in all countries of our Earth. But in the People's Republic of China (PRC), they are observed in great abundance, rationally mastered and profitably used.

Underground life in China has existed inconspicuously for several millennia and only today reveals some of its secrets to the curious gaze of foreign tourists.

A bit of history

Man's use of underground spaces in China originates from the development of caves - reliable protection from the vicissitudes of the climate, predatory animals and greedy enemies.

Naturally, preference was gradually given to ground-based housing options, but in some areas where the use of underground space has become a tradition, well-established methods of organizing various functional processes underground have been developed.

In northern China, underground space has been used and continues to be used for about 4,000 years in areas where 35 to 40 million people live today. Arid conditions are common to such areas, and underground spaces help regulate the climate of the environment in which people live.

In China, the underground temple of Ding in Beijing is especially revered, where 13 emperors are buried. In 1974, an underground memorial of Emperor Qin was found, built about 2000 years ago: many people know these 8000 ceramic sculptures of warriors, horsemen, chariots on an area of ​​almost 4 hectares.

During the Tang Dynasty (7th-10th centuries), underground warehouses for food storage were massively built - the largest was preserved in the city of Han and consists of 412 spacious barns.

40 million Chinese live in caves

More than 4 thousand years ago, on the Loess Plateau, located in the northern part of Shaanxi Province, people began to dig caves for living. In these areas, loess soils are very viscous and hard, which is why they shrink very little. Usually caves are dug in the side of the mountain. They are simple, easy and cheap to build. These caves are warm in winter and cool in summer.

Residential houses under the ground were decided in China in two versions: a recess and a grotto.

A recess in the form of a rectangular pit usually has dimensions of 8x10 m with a depth of 8 m. There are 3 rooms on each side of the recess, but they lack sun.

But the dwelling, arranged in an artificial grotto, thanks to the open area in front of it, receives enough sunlight.

The height and width of the cave is more than three meters, and the depth reaches 20 meters. The entrances of all caves are oriented to the south, towards the sun, as it is most convenient for daylight. Some caves are not fortified, others are lined with stones or bricks. Cave houses lined with bricks on the outside are considered more beautiful.

To this day, there are many cave houses on the Loess Plateau, in which more than 40 million people live.

Thus, the family of the Chinese peasant Zhang Zhijun lives in 8 cave houses arranged in three tiers. The two upper caves were dug by Zhang Zhijun's father in 1962. To this day, they have retained their former appearance. The construction of the intermediate three caves was completed in 1964, and a few years ago they were reinforced with bricks. Zhang Zhijun lives here with his wife, younger son, daughter-in-law and grandson.

Below, at the foot of the mountain, there are three caves of the lower tier, which were built more than 20 years ago. The family of the eldest son now lives there.

The area of ​​Zhang Zhijun's brick cave is over 20 square meters. Sunlight enters through the window. In the very depths of the cave there is a large couch "kan". On one side of the “kan” there is a stove. There, Zhang family members prepare food.

Three walls around the couch are decorated with beautiful paper cutouts and drawings. Wang Kewen, a researcher at the Yan'an Museum of Mass Popular Culture in Shaanxi Province, explained that this is done, on the one hand, to decorate the room, and on the other, to avoid bed linen from touching the wall.

Wang Kewen said, “For a long time, an original art form has developed in northern Shaanxi. For every local resident, the yaodong cave is a kind of world in miniature. Local women are very fond of beauty and always diligently decorate their home to make it more elegant and comfortable. They stick paper patterns on windows, walls and even on the ceiling. Some of these works have fully absorbed character traits yaodong cave art.

Yaodong houses are attracting more and more tourists, both Chinese and foreign. Many families have prepared their caves to receive them. Zhang Zhijun said the following about this:

“A lot of tourists come to us. Sitting on a couch, they often praise the interior decoration. We treat our guests to special local dishes and also perform our Yangge dance for them. Foreigners love paper cutouts, and the daughter-in-law shows tourists how to make them.”

Today, the locals have gradually realized the value of the yaodong houses they have lived in for generations, and this understanding has helped them improve their lives.

Yangjialing Village is home to the world's largest complex of cave structures, arranged in 8 rows with a total of more than 300 rooms. Paintings made by peasants are pasted on the walls, paper cutouts on the windows, and stone millstones, a table and chairs are displayed in front of each cave. Everything has a special rural flavor.

For tourists in some caves, the traditional couch has been replaced by a bed. Many caves have a latrine and household items. The yaodongs are very clean and everything is adapted for a comfortable life.

A series of amazing underground dwellings, carved out of the rock, with a total of about 10,000 houses, is located in the city of Sanmenhee in Henan province, Central China.

Six generations of families have lived in underground dwellings for more than 200 years. Currently, these houses are under protection.

However, many local peasants, looking at the urban ones, begin to move from the yaodongs and build themselves spacious one-story or two-story houses. The Chinese government is actively and fruitfully helping them in this.

Grimaces and paradoxes of the Beijing underground

In the capital of China, according to statistics, there are 10 million square meters. m of underground space used for various purposes. Only the underground shelter near Beijing stretched for 30 kilometers under the city.

Its construction began during the Second World War and it could accommodate 5 million (!) People. In 1969, by order of Mao Zedong, construction was continued.

The main purpose of the facility was to create an emergency shelter for the government of the country in case of war.

Chinese officials would have accommodated in it with great comfort: schools, hospitals, shops, hairdressers, restaurants and even a skating rink were built in the underground city.

The underground city could simultaneously accommodate forty percent of the inhabitants of Beijing. Many buildings in Beijing are said to have had secret hatches that led to this underground city.

In 2000, this secret underground complex was opened to tourists. Currently, the underground city has premises used as camp sites for young people.

What the official data says

Skyscrapers in Beijing are being built very quickly. House prices are rising just as fast. Every year, according to official statistics, 600,000 migrants come here to earn money from all over the country, and they simply cannot afford normal apartments.

“Not counting the new arrivals, there are approximately 5 million migrants permanently living in the city. Most of them rent rooms underground. But how many, exactly, is not known, ”says sociology professor Li Shi.

Hundreds of thousands of the country's citizens who come to Beijing in search of work cannot afford an apartment other than a tiny basement room or bomb shelter, with no heating or ventilation.

Visitors often agree to any, even the lowest salary. They do not receive benefits, insurance and benefits. And if Beijingers from overpopulated houses can apply for new apartments, then migrants, people without a residence permit, cannot count on such social support.

“According to the law, each person must have at least 9 square meters of housing. But if these apartments are banned, then we need to create other affordable housing, right? How to solve this problem is not yet clear,” says architect Zhang Guang.

The authorities, in turn, turn a blind eye to this problem. On the one hand, China is trying to fight rapid urbanization. On the other hand, it is simply impossible to imagine the life of a huge metropolis without people who agree to any job.

Underground nuclear base project 816 is open to foreign tourists

The nuclear weapons plant in the suburbs of Chongqing in Southwest China is a gigantic underground nuclear base.

Codenamed 816, this until recently secret underground project is the largest man-made cave ever built in the world.

When Soviet-Chinese relations deteriorated sharply, then to strengthen China's national defense and prevent a possible Soviet nuclear attack and invasion of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics into the territory of the People's Republic of China, the secret "Project 816" was developed, which began to be implemented in 1966.

More than 60,000 servicemen of the engineering troops of the People's Liberation Army participated in the implementation of the project, the surface area of ​​​​the cave is more than 104,000 square meters, the total length of the tunnels is more than 20 km.

The complex has a total of 18 artificial caves. bound friend with a friend, a total of more than 130 roads and tunnels (cars are adapted to drive in tunnels), the artificial cave has a height of 79.6 meters (20 storey building).

The construction was erected from 1966 to 1984, the construction went on for 17-18 years, and was almost at the completed stage, but due to changes in cold war and the international situation, the project was canceled in February 1984.

In April 2010, the facility was declassified, the multifunctional underground base 816 became open for local Chinese tourists to visit the bunker, and now, since 2016, the 816 underground project has been freely accessible to foreign tourists.

The Pentagon is concerned about the size of the "Great underground wall of China"

The United States is trying in vain to reveal the length of nuclear weapons storage tunnels and the number of nuclear warheads in China. People's Republic, and the ability of the United States in the event of a military conflict to "neutralize" them.

On January 2, 2015, US President Barack Obama signed the New National Security Concept Development Act, which ordered the US Strategic Command (STRATCOM) to submit a report by August 15 of the same year on "the underground network of tunnels in the PRC and the US capabilities to use conventional and nuclear forces to neutralize such tunnels and destroy what is stored in them.”

Previously, a Georgetown University team led by Phillip Karber conducted a three-year study to identify a complex of nuclear tunnels in China that is believed to be 3,000 km long.

In 2011, the report "Strategic Implications of China's Underground Great Wall" concluded that American intelligence estimates regarding China's nuclear arsenal were incorrect. Carber estimated that China could have 3,000 nuclear warheads hidden in tunnels in several areas.US intelligence believed that China, at best, could have an arsenal of 300 warheads.

The Karber group report says that China has complex system tunnels for nuclear testing and storage of warheads, which are much larger than needed for an arsenal of 300 warheads.

In addition to estimates by Karber, retired Russian Colonel General Viktor Yesin, who believes that China has an arsenal of 3,600 nuclear warheads, appeared in the press, but Hans Kristensen, director of the Nuclear Information Project of the Federation of American Scientists, considers these data to be erroneous, with which he agreed. STRATCOM.

Analysts are wondering how the US will use conventional and nuclear forces to neutralize China's tunnels? Tests nuclear bombs low penetrating power, such as B61-11, proved disappointing.

It is not clear whether the Robust Nuclear Earth Penetrator program or the improved B61-12 nuclear bombs will be able to solve such problems.

Given the areas, lengths and varying depths of the tunnels outlined in the Karber Group report, more than one nuclear bomb will be needed to destroy them.

The conclusions of the Carber group are extremely disappointing for the Pentagon. Analysts believe that China's nuclear arsenal could instantly destroy 50 million US citizens, about 50% of the population will suffer from radiation sickness with a catastrophic reduction in life expectancy, two-thirds of the 7569 hospitals will be destroyed or unable to perform their functions, half of the doctors may die.

A third of the power generation capacity and 40% of the national food production potential will be destroyed due to the destruction of agricultural land and the subsequent radioactive contamination. 100 million Americans will suffer from hunger within 10 years.

“As a result, the lives of 200 million Americans will be lost, the rest of the survivors will live in darkness with a diet, lifestyle and its duration, equivalent to the conditions of existence in primitive times,” Carber concludes.

Underground life in China strikes with its intentions and goals

Today, the specialists of this country have set themselves a new goal, namely, the creation of an underground city with a full-fledged, functioning infrastructure.

The Xinhua news agency reports on the organization of a company engaged in the development of underground space on the basis of the China Construction Corporation.

Officially, this organization is located in the southwest of China, in the city of Chengdu. Peng Jianhua, deputy general manager of the company, said that negotiations on the construction have already begun, and if they are successfully completed, the first underground city will appear under the Jinyu Olympic Park.

There are many hopes for this project, because such changes can be a big step in the development of all mankind, the development of new spaces for life.

Everything suggests that in the near future there will be not only a number of residential buildings underground, but also catering facilities, medical institutions, cultural, entertainment and commercial components, and children's institutions will also be provided.

Thoughts on the construction of an underground city appeared as a result of the postponed 8-magnitude earthquake that took place in Sichuan province in 2008. The result of these events was the emergence of underground dwellings, which have become a more reliable alternative that can protect against external madness.

The idea was accepted and sparkled with new perspectives, and to top it off, it should be noted that modern technologies allow you to bring sunlight underground, which will make people's lives in new conditions more comfortable.

This project is not the first in the history of China, as this moment an underground bunker of gigantic dimensions of about 16 hectares has already been built, where 6,600 people will find their shelter.

On the territory there is a hospital, incinerators and food warehouses. The bunker will be able to fully feed the living population for a month.

Conclusion

The experience of developing underground space in China is based on the traditional methods of organizing the environment, and not on their introduction from the outside. The implementation of these traditions has intensified in recent decades due to the problems of finding ways for the further development of cities.

Examples of the functioning of the underground spaces of cities in China show that their multifunctional purpose is successful, and not just trade functions, as it was at the initial stage.

Boris Skupov