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GLINKA KONSTANTIN DMITRIEVICH

Glinka, Konstantin Dmitrievich - soil scientist and geologist (born in 1867). He graduated from the course at St. Petersburg University. He was a professor of soil science at the Novo-Alexandria Institute of Agriculture and Forestry. Since 1908, he was in charge of soil research in Asiatic Russia, organized by the resettlement departments, and was the editor of Proceedings of Soil Expeditions in Asiatic Russia. The most important works: "On the Question of Forest Soils" ("Materials for the Study of Russian Soils", issue V, 1889); "Steppe afforestation in connection with the question of the reasons for the settlement of the Russian steppes with predominantly herbaceous vegetation" ("Materials for the Study of Russian Soils", issue VII, 1893); "About a new twin fusion in gypsum" ("Proceedings of the St. Petersburg Society of Natural History", 1894); "New deposit of pyromorphite" (ib., 1895); "Analcim from the outskirts of Baku" ("Proceedings of the Warsaw Society of Natural History", 1895); "Glauconite, its origin, chemical composition and nature of weathering" (1896, master's thesis); "Zur Frage uber die Aluminiumsilicate und Thone" ("Zeitschr. f. Kryst.", 1899, vol. 32); "Research in the field of weathering processes" (1906); "Soil Science" (1908); "Brief summary of data on the soils of the Far East" (1909); "On the Question of the Soils of Turkestan" (1910); "On the so-called burozems" (1910); "On the difference between podzolic and marsh types of weathering" (1911).

Brief biographical encyclopedia. 2012

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GLINKA KONSTANTIN DMITRIEVICH
(1867-1927) Russian soil scientist, one of the founders of domestic soil science, academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1927); promoter of genetic soil science. Proceedings on the zonality of the soil cover, ...
GLINKA KONSTANTIN DMITRIEVICH
Konstantin Dmitrievich, Soviet soil scientist, Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1927). IN …
GLINKA KONSTANTIN DMITRIEVICH
soil scientist and geologist, b. in 1867. At the end of the course in St. Petersburg. University was left in 1890 in the department ...
GLINKA KONSTANTIN DMITRIEVICH
GLINKA KONSTANTIN DMITRIEVICH
(1867 - 1927), soil scientist, organizer and leader of soil-geographic expeditions to Siberia and Central Asia (1908 - 14). Works on zoning ...
GLINKA, KONSTANTIN DMITRIEVICH
? soil scientist and geologist; genus. in 1867. At the end of the course in St. Petersburg. the university was left in 1890 by ...
GLINKA in the Directory of Telephone Codes of Russian Cities and Mobile Operators.
GLINKA in the Directory of Settlements and Postal Codes of Russia:
673235, Chita, ...
KONSTANTIN in the Concise Dictionary of Mythology and Antiquities:
(Constantinus), called the Great. Roman emperor who reigned between 306-337. from R.H. He defeated all his co-rulers, and, as they say, ...
KONSTANTIN in the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary:
XI (1403-53) the last Byzantine emperor from 1449 (from 1428 he was despot of the Morea), from the Palaiologos dynasty. Killed during the defense of Constantinople from ...
GLINKA in the Big Encyclopedic Dictionary:
(Hlinka) Andrei (1864-1938) organizer (1918) and leader of the clerical Slovak People's Party (dissolved on September 1, 1944 by the decision of the Slovak National ...
KONSTANTIN in the Great Soviet Encyclopedia, TSB:
"Grand Duke Konstantin", a merchant steamer of the Russian Society of Shipping and Trade (ROPIT), armed and included in the Russian Black Sea Fleet before ...
KONSTANTINE MARTYR in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
one of the most revered saints of the Georgian church. He came from a princely family and, together with his brother David, was a hereditary ruler ...
KONSTANTIN in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
Duke of Sparta, Crown Prince of Greece (born 1868), eldest son of King George I of Greece and Queen Olga; got military...
GLINKA RUSSIAN. DVORYANSK. GENUS in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
Russian noble family, Polish origin. Petrokovsky Crown Tribunal, in 1631, the family of G., the coat of arms of Trzhaska, was recognized as an ancient. noble. Surname G...
GLINKA THRESHOLD in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
threshold on the river Mste, from among the Borovitsky, Novgorod provinces, Borovitsky district. Drop 5 ft., length 300 ...
GLINKA KAOLIN in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
or kaolin, a high grade of ordinary clay, is a decomposition product of feldspar rocks, the composition is aluminum silicate. White or slightly yellowish powder, ...
GLINKA in the Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Euphron:
Glinka (Fyodor Nikolaevich), brother of S. N. Glinka (1786 - 1880); he was brought up in the first cadet corps. In 1805 - 06, ...
KONSTANTIN in the Modern Encyclopedic Dictionary:
VII Porphyrogenitus (905 - 959), Byzantine emperor from 913, from the Macedonian dynasty. The author of works containing important information about Russian-Byzantine relations ...
KONSTANTIN in the Encyclopedic Dictionary:
VII Porphyrogenitus (905 - 959), Byzantine emperor from 913, from the Macedonian dynasty. The author of works containing important information about the Russian-Byzantine ...
KONSTANTIN
KONSTANT'IN PAVLOVICH (1779-1831), great. prince, 2nd son of imp. Paul I. Member of the campaigns A.V. Suvorov (1799-1800), Father. wars of 1812. Since 1814 ...
KONSTANTIN in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
KONSTANTIN NIKOLAEVICH (1827-92), great. prince, 2nd son of imp. Nicholas I, adm. (1855). In 1853-81 More led. min-vom, made a number of progress. …
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KONSTANTIN VSEVOLODOVICH (1186-1218), great. Prince of Vladimir (since 1216). In 1206-07 he reigned in Novgorod. With the support of the book. Mstislav Mstislavich Udaly and ...
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KONSTANTINO II (b. 1940), King of Greece in 1964-74, from the Glücksburg dynasty. From Dec. 1967 in Italy. Deprived of the throne as a result ...
KONSTANTIN in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
KONSTANTINO I (1868-1923), King of Greece in 1913-17, 1920-22, from the Glücksburg dynasty. Command. Greek army in Greco-tour. war of 1897, Balkan wars ...
KONSTANTIN in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
Konstantin XI (1403-53), the last Byzantine. emperor from 1449 (from 1428 he was despot of the Morea), from the Palaiologos dynasty. Tried to organize resistance to the Turks. …
KONSTANTIN in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
KONSTANTIIN VII Porphyrogenitus (905-959), Byzantine. emperor from 913, from the Macedonian dynasty. The author of works containing important information about Russian-Byzantine. relationships 10…
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KONSTANTIIN V (719-775), Byzant. emperor from 741, from the Isaurian dynasty. Suppressed in 743 resurrection. metropolitan nobility. Defeated the Arabs...
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KONSTANTIIN I the Great (Constantinus) (c. 285-337), rom. emperor from 306. Consistently carried out the centralization of the state. apparatus, supported Christ. church, while also preserving…
GLINKA in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
GLINKA Fed. Nick. (1786-1880), Russian. poet. Brother S.N. Glinka. Member Fatherland. war of 1812, part. "Union of Salvation", one of the hands. "Union...
GLINKA in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
GLINKA Ser. Nick. (1776-1847), Russian. writer. Brother F.N. Glinka. Patriotic activities during Fatherland. war of 1812. Published by w. "Russian Bulletin" ...
GLINKA in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
GLINKA Mikh. Iv. (1804-57), composer, founder of the Russian. classical music. Op. "Life for the Tsar" ("Ivan Susanin", 1836) and "Ruslan and Lyudmila" ...
GLINKA in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
GLINKA Const. Dm. (1867-1927), one of the founders of the fatherland. soil science, acad. USSR Academy of Sciences (1927); promoter of genetics soil science. Tr. according to the zoning of the soil ...
GLINKA in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
GLINKA Dm. Bor. (1917-79), Hero of the Soviets. Union (1943 - twice), regiment. (1951). In Vel. Fatherland war to exterminate. aviation; OK. …
GLINKA in the Big Russian Encyclopedic Dictionary:
GLINKA (Hlinka) Andrei (1864-1938), organizer (1918) and leader of the clerical nationalist. Slovak nar. party (dissolved on September 1, 1944 by decision of the Slovak National ...
KONSTANTIN in the Encyclopedia of Brockhaus and Efron:
? Duke of Sparta, Crown Prince of Greece (born 1868), eldest son of King George I of Greece and Queen Olga; received …
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KONSTANTIN in the dictionary of Synonyms of the Russian language:
apostle...
KONSTANTIN in the Complete Spelling Dictionary of the Russian Language:
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GLINKA in the Modern Explanatory Dictionary, TSB:
(Hlinka) Andrew (1864-1938), organizer (1918) and leader of the clerical Slovak People's Party (dissolved on September 1, 1944 by the decision of the Slovak National Council). …
GLINKA
clay, pl. no, w. 1. Reduce-caress. to clay (colloquial, rare). 2. The highest grade of clay - kaolin, used. in calico printing...
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clay, w. (Region). Wild field…
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Data: 2008-05-26 Time: 12:37:06 Navigation Wikipedia=Konstantin Dmitrievich Balmont Wikisource=Konstantin Dmitrievich Balmont (1867-1942) — poet, essayist, one of the most prominent representatives of …
USPENSKY KONSTANTIN VASILYEVICH
Open Orthodox Encyclopedia "TREE". Uspensky Konstantin Vasilyevich (1872 - 1937), archpriest, holy martyr. Commemorated November 12th...
MURETOV MITROFAN DMITRIEVICH in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox Encyclopedia "TREE". Muretov Mitrofan Dmitrievich (1851 - 1917), professor at the Moscow Theological Academy. Born into a family…
CONSTANTINE THE GREAT in the Orthodox Encyclopedia Tree:
Open Orthodox Encyclopedia "TREE". Saint Equal-to-the-Apostles Constantine the Great (+ 337), Emperor of Rome (306-337). Full name: Flavius Valerius Constantine

Soil scientist and geologist; genus. in 1867. At the end of the course in St. Petersburg. University was left in 1890 in the department of mineralogy and geology, and in the same year was appointed curator of mineralogy. office. In 1894 he moved to the Novoaleksandria Institute of Agriculture. household and forestry as an assistant in the departments of mineralogy with geology and soil science, and in 1895 he was appointed adjunct professor at the department of mineralogy with geology at the same Institute. In 1901, after the death of Prof. Sibirtsev, moved to the Department of Soil Science. Soil research began under the guidance of prof. Dokuchaev, taking part in two expeditions in the Poltava province. and in Voronezh. The most important works: "On the Question of Forest Soils" ("Mat. according to the study of Russian soils", issue V, 1889); "Steppe afforestation in connection with the question of the reasons for the settlement of the Russian steppes with predominantly herbaceous vegetation" ("Mat. according to the study of Russian soils", issue VII, 1893); "About a new twin intergrowth in gypsum" ("Tr. St. Petersburg. General. Natural.", 1894); "New deposit of pyromorphite" (ib., 1895); "Analcim from the neighborhood. Baku" ("Tr. Warsaw. Common. Est.", 1895); "Glauconite, its origin, chemical composition and nature of weathering" (1896, master's thesis); "Zur Frage über die Aluminiumsilicate und Thoûe" ("Zeitschr. f. Kryst.", 1899, vol. 32).

(Brockhaus)

Glinka, Konstantin Dmitrievich

Rus. soil scientist, acad. (since 1927, corresponding member since 1926). Student of V. V. Dokuchaev. In 1889 he graduated from St. Petersburg. un-t, specializing in mineralogy. Under the influence of Dokuchaev, he became interested in soil science and from the very beginning of his scientific activity, along with mineralogical. and geochemical research, studied the soil. In 1895, he took the chair of mineralogy and geology at the Novo-Alexandriysk Agricultural Institute. in-those, and in 1901, after the death of H. M. Sibirtsev, - the Department of Soil Science. In 1913 he organized Voronezh. s.-x. in-t, was his dir. and at the same time taught a course in soil science. Since 1922 - rector and prof. Len s.-x. in-ta. G. was the first dir. Soil Institute of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.

The main, deeply fruitful idea, expressed for the first time G. in his master's thesis. "Glauconite, its origin, chemical composition and nature of weathering" (1896), was to establish the stages in the processes of weathering and the transformation of primary minerals into secondary ones. G. believed that in the process of weathering of aluminosilicates and silicates, hydrolysis is a typical reaction, as a result of which salts are converted into acids by replacing their bases with hydrogen. This process takes place gradually and goes through intermediate forms such as acid salts. The end products of weathering - silicoaluminous acids - as well as intermediate products, can retain crystalline. structure. G. first developed the method of mineralogical. studies of fine fractions of soils. His work in the field of weathering laid the foundations of the original Rus. school of soil mineralogy, which was widely developed in the Soviet era. G.'s first work on soil science (1889) was devoted to gray forest soils. In it, he considered these soils as a special independent type of soil formation that occurs under grassy broad-leaved forests. Thus, he refuted the view of S.I. Korzhinsky about the origin of gray forest soils as a result of the degradation of chernozems. Under the guidance of G. Dokuchaev conducted a soil survey in Poltava. (1894), Pskov. (1899-1906), Novgorod. (1903) and Smolensk. (1902-03) lip. He was the organizer and leader of numerous soil-geographical. expeditions to Siberia and Central Asia (1908-14), as a result of which huge land funds were opened for agricultural. development. The results of G.'s research made it possible to compile the first soil map of the Asian part of the USSR. G. paid much attention to the study of the zonality of the soil cover, questions of the genesis and classification of soils. The classification of soils proposed by G., in present. time has only a historical importance, but at one time it contributed to the general development of this problem.

In direct connection with the classification is the problem of soil evolution. In an article on the tasks of the historical Soil Science (1904) G. wrote that every particle of the soil is in perpetual motion. G. connected the "eternal variability" of the soil with the activity of living organisms. Later, however, he departed from a broad and correct understanding of the problem of soil evolution.

G. is the founder of paleosol science, which is of great importance for paleogeography.

Cit.: Soil formation, characteristics of soil types and soil geography. (Introduction to the study of soil science), P., 1923; Soils of Russia and adjacent countries, M.-P., 1923; Salt licks and solonchaks of the Asian part of the USSR (Siberia and Turkestan), M., 1926; Schematic soil map of the globe, "Yearbook of Geology and Mineralogy of Russia", 1908, v. 10, no. 3-4; Dispersed systems in soil, L., 1924; Essay on the soils of Yakutia, in the book: Yakutia, Leningrad, 1927; On the question of the classification of Turkestan soils, "Soil Science", 1909, vol. 11, no. 4; Soils, 2nd ed., M.-L., 1929; Russian soil science (A brief historical essay), "Notes of the Leningrad Agricultural Institute", 1924, vol. 1; Tasks of historical soil science, "Notes of the Novo-Alexandriysk Institute of Agriculture and Forestry", 1904, vol. 16, no. 2; Brief summary of data on soils of the Far East, St. Petersburg, 1910; Soil science, 6th ed., M., 1935.

Lit .: Prasolov L. I., K. D. Glinka in Asian soil expeditions and in the Dokuchaev committee, "Proceedings of the Soil Institute named after V. V. Dokuchaev", 1930, no. 3-4; Polynov B., Konstantin Dmitrievich Glinka (To the 35th anniversary of scientific and pedagogical activity), "Notes of the Leningrad Agricultural Institute", 1925, v. 2; his own, Works of K. D. Glinka in the field of studying the processes of weathering of minerals, "Proceedings of the Soil Institute named after V. V. Dokuchaev", 1930, no. 3-4, (App., pp. 19-25); Neustruev S. S., Academician K. D. Glinka’s ideas on the genesis and classification of soils, ibid.; Berg L. S., K. D. Glinka as a geographer. there; In memory of K. D. Glinka, Collection, L., 1928; Liverovsky Yu., Creative path of academician K. D. Glinka, "Soil science", 1948, No. 6.

Ch And nka, Konstantin Dmitrievich

Genus. 1867, mind. 1927. Soil scientist, mainly engaged in soil science (zonality of soil cover, genesis and classification of soils). Since 1927 he has been an academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR.

(now Dukhovshchinsky district , Smolensk region) - November 2 , Leningrad) - Russian professor, geologist and soil scientist, organizer of science, academician of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR (1927).

Biography

Family of K. D. Glinka:

Education

In 1876-1885. studied at the Smolensk classical gymnasium. IN 1885 enrolled in natural sciences Faculty of Physics and Mathematics, St. Petersburg University. IN 1889 graduated from the University with a diploma of the 1st degree. At the request of V. V. Dokuchaev, he was left at the department mineralogy to prepare for a professorship. IN 1890 appointed curator of the mineralogical cabinet at the University.

Dissertations

Candidate - 1896 , University of Moscow: "Glauconite, its origin, chemical composition and weathering patterns".
Doctoral - 1909, Moscow University: "Research in the field of weathering processes".

In 1889 - 1906. was in the reserve of the army infantry. Dismissed for reaching the mandatory term in the reserve.

Scientific work

Geological and soil research began at the University under the guidance of V. V. Dokuchaeva. Participated in his Poltava (1889-1890) and in the expedition of the Forest Department (1892). He organized research in Smolensk, Novgorod (early 1890s), Pskov (1898-1899) and Voronezh (1899, 1913) provinces.

In 1906-1910. K. D. Glinka directs soil and geological research on the evaluation of the lands of the Poltava, Tver, Smolensk, Novgorod, Kaluga, Vladimir, Yaroslavl, Simbirsk provinces.

In 1908-1914. headed soil research in Asian Russia and participated in expeditions of the Resettlement Administration of the Ministry of Agriculture in connection with Stolypin agrarian reform.

In 1913-1917. founded and led

Organizational activity

Participated in the organization of international conferences:

1909 - I International agrogeological conference in the city of Budapest.
1927 - I International Congress of Soil Scientists in Washington.

Awards

Ranks and titles

1891 - Collegiate secretary with seniority, according to the University diploma of the 1st degree.
1894 - Titular Councilor with seniority, for long service.
1897 - Master of mineralogy and geology, in rank.
1897 - Associate professor
1898 - Collegiate assessor with seniority, for long service.
1900 - Professor Novo-Alexandria Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Department of Mineralogy and Geology.
1909 - State Councilor with seniority

Membership in organizations

Member of the Soil Commission at the Imperial Free Economic Society since 1889.
Member of the St. Petersburg Society of Naturalists since 1892.
Honorary Member of the International Society of Soil Scientists, State Institute of Experimental Agronomy
Member of the Library Commission of the Institute (1899), Chairman of the Commission since 1900
Member of the Moscow Soil Committee
Member of the Agronomic Society at the Leningrad Agricultural Institute
Member of the Hungarian Geological Society
Active member Russian Geographical Society
International magazine editor Internat Mitteluns fur Boden from the first year of its publication

Family

Memory

In the USSR, the name of K. D. Glinka was assigned, where he was rector in 1913-1917 and 1921-1922 (In 2011 it was renamed)
A street in the Levoberezhny district of the city was named after K. D. Glinka Voronezh
In 1990, a monument was unveiled near the Voronezh State Agrarian University.

Bibliography

K. D. Glinka from 1889 to 1927 wrote about 100 scientific papers on soil science, mineralogy and geology in Russian, German, French and Italian.

Glinka K. D. On the issue of forest soils. St. Petersburg: type. t-va Societies. benefit. 1889. 20 p.
Glinka K. D. About forest soils. St. Petersburg: type. t-va Societies. benefit. 1889. , 109 p. (Materials on the study of Russian soils; Issue 5).
Glinka K. D. Romensky district. St. Petersburg: ed. Poltava. lips. Zemstvo, 1891. 75 p. (Materials for the assessment of the lands of the Poltava province: Report to the Poltava provincial zemstvo; Issue 4).
Glinka K. D. Lokhvitsky district. St. Petersburg: ed. Poltava. lips. Zemstvo, 1892. 66 p. (Materials for the assessment of the lands of the Poltava province. Natural-historical part: Report to the Poltava provincial zemstvo; Issue 12).
Glinka K. D., Sibirtsev N. M., Ototsky P. V. Khrenovsky area. St. Petersburg: ed. Ministry of agriculture and state. property, 1894. 124 p. (Proceedings of the expedition equipped by the Forest Department under the leadership of Professor Dokuchaev: Report to the Ministry of Agriculture and State Property; Issue 1).
Agafonov V. K., Adamov N. P. Bogushevsky S. K., Vernadsky V. I., Glinka K. D. and others. Soil map of the Poltava province. Scale 1:420,000. St. Petersburg: ed. Poltava. lips. zemstvos. 1894. 1 sheet. (Materials for the assessment of the lands of the Poltava province. Natural-historical part: Report to the Poltava provincial zemstvo; Issue 16).
Glinka K. D. Geology: Course of lectures. Warsaw: type. Warsaw. textbook okr., 1896.
Glinka K. D. Glauconite, its origin, chemical composition and nature of weathering. St. Petersburg: type. E. Evdokimova, 1896. , 128, p. : tab.
Glinka K. D. Preliminary report on soil-geological studies in the Novorzhevsky and Velikolutsky districts of the Pskov province. Pskov: ed. Pskov. lips. Zemstvo, 1897. 20 p.
Glinka K. D. The most important features in the history of the development of the globe and its inhabitants. Warsaw: type. Warsaw. textbook Okr., 1898. 41 p.
Glinka K. D., Klepinin N. N., Fedorovskiy S. L. Novorzhevsky district. Pskov: ed. Pskov. lips. zemstvo, 1899. , 103 p. (Materials for the assessment of the lands of the Pskov province. Natural and historical part: Report to the Pskov province zemstvo).
Glinka K.D. Zur Frage über Aluminium-Hydrosilicate und Thone // Z. Kryst., Mineral. 1899. Bd. 32. S. 79-81.
Glinka K. D. Fedorovsky S. L. Geological structure and soil of the Valdai district. Novgorod: ed. Novgorod. Zemstvo, 1900. 86 p.
Barakov P. F., Glinka K. D., Bogoslovsky N. A. and others. N. M. Sibirtsev, his life and work // Soil Science. 1900. V. 2. No. 4. S. 243-281. ; Dep. ed. St. Petersburg: type. Herold, 1901. 40 p. : port.
Glinka K. D. Preliminary report to the Smolensk provincial zemstvo on the soil-geological studies of the Vyazemsky and Sychevsky counties. Smolensk: ed. Smolensk. lips. Zemstvo, 1900. S. 27 p.
Kolokolov M. F., Glinka K. D. Vyazemsky district. Smolensk: ed. Smolensk. lips. zemstvo, 1901. , 107 p. (Materials for assessing the lands of the Smolensk province: Natural-ist. part; Vol. 1)
Glinka K. D. soil formation; Soil coloring; Organisms in the soil; Organic constituent of the soil; Ortstein; Soil absorption capacity; Soil and subsoil; soil science; Soils: swampy, lateritic, humus-carbonate, floodplain, skeletal, dry steppes (semi-deserts) and deserts, gray forest and tundra; soil permeability; Soil connectivity; Condensation of soil water vapor; Soil porosity; Salt licks // Complete encyclopedia of Russian agriculture: In 12 volumes. St. Petersburg: ed. A. F. Devrien. 1901-1905. T. 5-9.
Glinka K. D. Several pages from the history of theoretical soil science // Soil Science. 1902. V. 4. No. 2. S. 117-152.
Glinka K. D. The subject and tasks of soil science (pedology) // Soil Science. 1902. V. 4. No. 1. S. 1-16.
Glinka K. D. Laterites and krasnozems of tropical and subtropical latitudes and related soils of temperate latitudes // Eurasian Soil Sci. 1903. V. 5. No. 3. S. 235-264.
Glinka K. D. Research in the field of weathering processes: At 2 pm // Soil Science. 1904-1905: Part 1. Weathering in Chakva near Batum. 1904. V. 6. No. 4. S. 294-322; Part 2. . 1905. Vol. 7. No. 1. C. 35-62.
Glinka K. D., Sonda A. A. Sychevsky district. Smolensk: ed. Smolensk. lips. Zemstvo, 1904. 90 p. (Materials for assessing the lands of the Smolensk province: Natural-ist. part. T. 2; Issue 1.)
Glinka K. D., Kolokolov M. F. Gzhatsky district. Smolensk: ed. Smolensk. lips. Zemstvo, 1906. 56 p. (Materials for assessing the lands of the Smolensk province: Natural and historical part; Vol. 3)
Glinka K. D. Research in the field of weathering processes. SPb., 1906. 179 p. (Proceedings of St. Petersburg Society of Naturalists; T. 34. Issue 5. Department of Geol. and Mineral.).
Glinka K.D. Untersuchungen im Gebiet der Verwitterimgsprozesse. St.-Pb.: Merkushev, 1906. , 178 p.
Glinka K. D. Soil science. St. Petersburg: ed. A. F. Devriena, 1908. XI, 596 p.; Pg., 1915. XIX, 708 p. ; M.: "New Village", 1927. 580 p. ; 4th ed. M.; L.: Selkolkhozgiz, 1931. 612 p.; 1932. 602 p. ; 6th ed. 1935. 631 p.
Glinka K. D., Abutkova L. V., Bessonova A. I. and others. Preliminary report on the organization and execution of work on the study of soils in Asian Russia. St. Petersburg: ed. Resettlement upr., 1908. 82 p.
Rudnitsky V. E., Glinka K. D. Soil-geological sketch of the Krestetsky district. Novgorod: type. M. O. Selivanova, 1908. , 54, 79 p.
Glinka K. D. Schematic soil map of the globe. Scale 1:50 000 000 // Yearbook on geology and mineralogy of Russia. 1908. Vol. 10: incl. l.
Glinka K. D. On the classification of Turkestan soils // Eurasian Soil Science. 1909. No. 4. S. 255-318. Dep. ed. Yuriev: type. K. Mattisena, 1909. 64 p.
Glinka K. D. Brief summary of data on soils of the Far East. St. Petersburg: type. Yu. N. Erlikh, 1910. , 81 p.
Glinka K. D. The latest trends in soil science // Soil Science. 1910. No. 1. S. 1-25.
Glinka K. D. On the question of the difference between podzolic and bog type weathering. Soil science. 1911. No. 2. S. 1-13.
Glinka K.D. Die Verwitterungsprozesse und Böden in der Umgebung des Kurortes Bikszád // Földtani Közlöny. 1911. Bd. 41. S. 675-684.
Glinka K. D. Geographical results of soil research in Asiatic Russia // Eurasian Soil Science. 1912. No. 1. S. 43-63.
Glinka K. D. Dukhovishchensky district. Smolensk: ed. Smolensk. lips. Zemstvo, 1912. Vol. 5. 90 p. Map. (Materials for assessing the lands of the Smolensk province: Natural-ist. part; T. 5)
Glinka K. D. Natural-historical characteristics of a part of the Kirghiz region: The area of the railway. St. Petersburg: Publishing House of the Moscow Railways, 1912. 57 p.
Glinka K. D., Fedchenko B. A. Brief description of the soil and plant zones of Asian Russia: Explanations to the schematic soil and botanical-geographical map of Asian Russia. St. Petersburg: type. F. Weisberg and P. Gershunin, 1912. 35 p.
Glinka K. D. On the disturbance of the general zonality of Eurasian soils in Western Transbaikalia and the Yakutsk Region, Eurasian Soil Sci. 1912. No. 4. S. 60-68.
Porkhovsky district. Pskov: ed. Pskov. lips. Zemstvo, 1912. 53 p. (Pskov province: Summary of data from an estimated statistical study. V. 8; Issue 1)
Glinka K. D., Vikhman D. N., Tikheeva L. V. Pskov district. Pskov: ed. Pskov. lips. Zemstvo, 1912. 68 p. (Pskov province: Summary of data from an estimated statistical study. Vol. 7; Issue 1)
Glinka K. D. To the question of the establishment of the soil department of the Voronezh Regional Agricultural Station. St. Petersburg: ed. Voronezh. lips. zemstvos. 1913. 12 p.
Glinka K. D.. St. Petersburg: type. Yu. N. Erlikh, 1913. , 132 p.; 2nd ed. M.: "New Village", 1923. 122 p.
Glinka K. D., Pankov A. M., Malyarevsky K. F. Soils of the Voronezh province / Ed. K. D. Glinka. St. Petersburg: ed. Voronezh: lips. Zemstvo, 1913. 61 p. (Materials on the natural-historical study of the Voronezh province. Book 1.)
Glinka K. D. Preliminary report on the organization and execution of work on the study of the soils of Asiatic Russia in 1912. St. Petersburg: ed. Resettlement upr., 1913. 479 p.
Glinka K. D.// Atlas of Asian Russia. St. Petersburg: ed. Resettlement upr., 1914. S. 36-37.
Glinka K. D. Soil zones of Asiatic Russia. Voronezh: Voronezh. lips. Zemstvo, 1914. 62 p.
Glinka K.D. Die Typen der Bodenbildung, ihre Klassifikation und geographische Verbreitung. Berlin: Gebrüder Borntraeger, 1914. 365 S.
Glinka K. D. Liming the soil in connection with the application of fertilizers. M.: B.I., 1919. 178 p.
Glinka K. D. Kaolin clays of the Voronezh province. Voronezh: ed. Voronezh. Gubzemotdel, 1919. 34 p.
Glinka K. D. Geology and soils of the Voronezh province. Voronezh: B.I., 1921. 60 p. (Voronezh Provincial Economic Conference; Issue 4) ; 2nd ed. 1924. 60 p.
Glinka K. D. A short course in clay science: a manual for students of the ceramic department of the Voronezh State Technical School. Voronezh: B.I., 1921. 80 p.
Glinka K. D.. M.: Publishing House of the People's Commissariat of Agriculture "New Village", 1922. 77 p. ; 3rd ed. L.: LSHI, 1925. 79 p.
Glinka K. D. Soils. M.; Pg.: Gosizdat. 1923. 94 p.
Glinka K. D. Soils of the Kyrgyz Republic. Orenburg: Rus.-Kyrgyz. type. Kirgosizdat, 1923. 85 p.; 2nd ed. M.; L.: Gosizdat, 1929. 85 p.
Glinka K. D.. M.; Pg.: Gosizdat, 1923. 348 p.
Glinka K. D. The current state of soil science in Russia, its shortcomings and needs // Priroda. 1923. No. 1/6. Stlb. 12-19.
Glinka K.D. Différents types d'apres lesquels se forment les sols et la classification de ces derniers // Com. int. pedologie. 1923 Com. 4. No. 20. P. 271-282.
Glinka K. D. Degradation and podzolic process // Eurasian Soil Science. 1924. No. 3/4. pp. 29-40.
Glinka K. D. L.: Cultural and enlightening. work. Comrade "Education", 1924. 79 p.
Glinka K.D. Die Degradation und der podsolige Prozess // Int. Mittl. Bodenkunde. 1924. Bd. 14. H. 2. S. 40-49
Glinka K.D. Divers types de formation des sols et la classification de ces derniers // Rev. rensign. agricoles. 1924 Vol. 2. N 1. P. 1-13.
Glinka K. D.. M.: "New Village", 1926. 74 p.
Glinka K.D. The great soil groups of the world and their development. Michigan: Edwards Bros. 1927. 235 p.
Glinka K.D. Allgemeine Bodenkarte Europas. Danzig, 1927. 28 S.
Glinka K. D. Mineralogy, genesis and geography of soils: [Sat. works]. M.: Nauka, 1978. 279 p.

Literature about K. D. Glinka

Berg L. S. Glinka as a geographer // Tr. Soil in-ta im. V. V. Dokuchaev, 1930. Issue. 3/4. pp. 29-30.
Vernadsky V.I.// Izv. Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Ser. 6. 1927. Vol. 21. No. 18. S. 1529-1536.
Zavalishin A. A., Dolotov V. A. In memory of Konstantin Dmitrievich Glinka // Soil Science. 1942. No. 9. S. 117-120.
Zakharov S. A. Scientific activity of acad. K. D. Glinka // Tr. Kuban agricultural in-ta, 1929. V. 6. S. 1-12.
Zonn S.V. Konstantin Dmitrievich Glinka. Moscow: Nauka, 1993. . 127 p.
Karpinsky A. P., Levinson-Lessing F. Yu.// Izv. Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Ser. 6. 1926. V. 20. No. 18. Retrieved. from the duct. S. 1683-1685.
Kovalevsky V.I. A few words in memory of K. D. Glinka // Tr. Soil in-ta im. V. V. Dokuchaev, 1930. Issue. 3/4. pp. 26-28.
Keller B. A. Academician K. D. Glinka as a person and researcher // Zap. Voronezh. s.-x. in-ta. 1928. No. 11. S. 7-11.
Krupenikov I. A. The role of K. D. Glinka in the development of soil science in the 20th century: (To the 120th anniversary of his birth) // Eurasian Soil Science. 1987. No. 12. S. 5-14.
Levinson-Lessing F. Yu. K. D. Glinka // Tr. Soil in-ta im. V. V. Dokuchaev, 1930. Issue. 3/4. pp. 3-18.
Levirovskiy Yu. A. Creative way of Academician K. D. Glinka // Soil Science. 1948. No. 6. S. 381-394;
Levirovskiy Yu. A. The creative path of K. D. Glinka // Ibid. 1968. No. 5. S. 7-16;
Levirovskiy Yu. A. Academician K. D. Glinka’s career // Mineralogy, genesis and geography of soils. M.: Nauka, 1978. S. 7-15.
Neustruev S. S. Ideas of academician K. D. Glinka on the genesis and classification of soils // Tr. Soil in-ta im. V. V. Dokuchaev, 1930. Issue. 3/4. pp. 32-45.
Organization of soil research // Organization of science in the first years of Soviet power (1917-1925). L.: Science. 1968. S. 186-189.
In memory of K. D. Glinka [Sat. Linen. s.-x. in-ta]. Leningrad: Selkhozgiz, 1928. 224 p.
Plaksin V.N. Life and scientific activity of Academician K. D. Glinka in the historical and social dimension // Vestn. Voronezh. state agricultural university. 2012 No. 3 (34). pp. 132-138.
Polynov B. B. Academician Konstantin Dmitrievich Glinka: [Obituary] // Nature. 1927. No. 12. Stlb. 935-942.
Polynov B. B. Konstantin Dmitrievich Glinka: On the occasion of the 35th anniversary of scientific and pedagogical activity // Zap. Leningrad. s.-x. in-ta. 1925. Vol. 2.
Polynov B. B. Works of K. D. Glinka in the field of studying the processes of weathering of minerals // Tr. Soil in-ta im. V. V. Dokuchaev, 1930. Issue. 3/4. pp. 19-25.
Prasolov L.I. In memory of K. D. Glinka // Izv. State. Institute of Experimental Agronomy. 1927. V. 5. S. 396-398.
Prasolov L.I. KD Glinka in Asian soil expeditions and in the Dokuchaev Committee // Ibid. pp. 46-50.
Prasolov L.I. World soil map of K. D. Glinka // Priroda. 1928. No. 6. Stlb. 573-579.
Prokhorov N.I. Pages of memories of K. D. Glinka // Tr. Soil in-ta im. V. V. Dokuchaev, 1930. Issue. 3/4. pp. 51-57.
Rode A. A. Dokuchaev soil science at the Academy of Sciences in the 20-30s // Priroda. 1974. No. 5. S. 59-67.
Sedletsky I.D. New days in soil science: [In memory of K. D. Glinka] // Priroda. 1938. No. 5. S. 19-22.
Shkolnik G.A. The first academician-soil scientist K. D. Glinka // Our countrymen-naturalists. Smolensk: book. publishing house, 1963. S. 69-81.
Yarilov A. A. Legacy of V. V. Dokuchaev // Soil Science. 1939. No. 3. S. 7-19.
Russell E. J. Prof. K. D. Glinka: [Obituary] // Nature. 1927 Vol. 120. No. 3033. P. 887-888.

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Notes

Academician K.D. Glinka. Historical reference, .
The inscription on the monument on the grave of K.D. Glinka.
Certificate of the New Alexandria Institute of Agriculture dated December 31, 1911
Zonn S.V. Stages of the lived; The main dates of the life and work of Konsantin Dmitrievich Glinka // Konstantin Dmitrievich Glinka. M.: Nauka, 1993. S. 11; 110.
Glinka Konstantin Dmitrievich. Great Russian Encyclopedia. M.: Publishing House Bolshaya Ross. encycle. T. 7. S. 233.
Zavalishin A. A., Dolgotov V. A. In memory of Konstantin Dmitrievich Glinka // Soil science, 1942. No. 9. P. 117-120.
Zonn S.V. App. 3: Certificate of the Novo-Alexandria Institute of Agriculture dated December 31, 1911 // Konstantin Dmitrievich Glinka. M.: Nauka, 1993. S. 120-125.
// Small Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron: in 4 volumes - St. Petersburg. , 1907-1909.
Zonn S.V. Konstantin Dmitrievich Glinka. M.: Nauka, 1993. , 127 p.
Characteristics of K. D. Glinka, compiled by V. V. Dokuchaev for submission to the Novo-Alexandria Institute of Agriculture and Forestry. May 6, 1894 Zonn S.V. Appendix 2 // Konstantin Dmitrievich Glinka. M.: Nauka, 1993. S. 120.
K. D. Glinka. Curriculum vitae prof. K. D. Glinka // Archive of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. LO. F. N. Op. 4. D. 728. (according to Zonn S.V. Applications // Konstantin Dmitrievich Glinka. M.: Nauka, 1993. S. 118-119.)
Lung cancer from smoking
Levinson-Lessing F. Yu. K. D. Glinka // Proceedings of the Soil Institute. V. V. Dokuchaev. 1930. Issue. 3/4. pp. 3-18.
Information system GGM"", 2014.

An excerpt characterizing Glinka, Konstantin Dmitrievich

Qui eut le triple talent,
De boire, de battre,
Et d "etre un vert galant ...
[Having a triple talent,
drink, fight
and be kind...]
- But it's also difficult. Well, well, Zaletaev! ..
“Kyu…” Zaletaev said with an effort. “Kyu yu yu…” he drew out, diligently protruding his lips, “letriptala, de bu de ba and detravagala,” he sang.
- Oh, it's important! That's so guardian! oh… ho ho ho! “Well, do you still want to eat?”
- Give him some porridge; after all, it will not soon eat up from hunger.
Again he was given porridge; and Morel, chuckling, set to work on the third bowler hat. Joyful smiles stood on all the faces of the young soldiers who looked at Morel. Old soldiers, who considered it indecent to engage in such trifles, lay on the other side of the fire, but occasionally, rising on their elbows, looked at Morel with a smile.
“People too,” said one of them, dodging in his overcoat. - And the wormwood grows on its root.
– Oo! Lord, Lord! How stellar, passion! To frost ... - And everything calmed down.
The stars, as if knowing that now no one would see them, played out in the black sky. Now flashing, then going out, now shuddering, they busily whispered among themselves about something joyful, but mysterious.

X
The French troops were gradually melting away in a mathematically correct progression. And that crossing over the Berezina, about which so much has been written, was only one of the intermediate steps in the destruction of the French army, and not at all the decisive episode of the campaign. If so much has been written and written about the Berezina, then on the part of the French this happened only because on the Berezinsky broken bridge, the disasters that the French army had previously suffered evenly, suddenly grouped here at one moment and into one tragic spectacle, which everyone remembered. On the part of the Russians, they talked and wrote so much about the Berezina only because far from the theater of war, in St. Petersburg, a plan was drawn up (by Pfuel) to capture Napoleon in a strategic trap on the Berezina River. Everyone was convinced that everything would actually be exactly as planned, and therefore they insisted that it was the Berezinsky crossing that killed the French. In essence, the results of the Berezinsky crossing were much less disastrous for the French in the loss of guns and prisoners than the Red, as the figures show.
The only significance of the Berezinsky crossing lies in the fact that this crossing obviously and undoubtedly proved the falsity of all plans for cutting off and the validity of the only possible course of action required by both Kutuzov and all the troops (mass) - only following the enemy. The crowd of Frenchmen ran with an ever-increasing force of speed, with all their energy directed towards the goal. She ran like a wounded animal, and it was impossible for her to stand on the road. This was proved not so much by the arrangement of the crossing as by the movement on the bridges. When the bridges were broken through, unarmed soldiers, Muscovites, women with children, who were in the French convoy - everything, under the influence of inertia, did not give up, but ran forward into the boats, into the frozen water.
This endeavor was reasonable. The position of both the fleeing and the pursuing was equally bad. Staying with his own, each in distress hoped for the help of a comrade, for a certain place he occupied among his own. Having surrendered to the Russians, he was in the same position of distress, but he was placed on a lower level in the section of satisfying the needs of life. The French did not need to have correct information that half of the prisoners, with whom they did not know what to do, despite all the desire of the Russians to save them, were dying of cold and hunger; they felt that it could not be otherwise. The most compassionate Russian commanders and hunters of the French, the French in the Russian service could not do anything for the prisoners. The French were ruined by the disaster in which the Russian army was. It was impossible to take away bread and clothes from hungry, necessary soldiers, in order to give them not to harmful, not hated, not guilty, but simply unnecessary Frenchmen. Some did; but that was the only exception.
Behind was certain death; there was hope ahead. The ships were burned; there was no other salvation but a collective flight, and all the forces of the French were directed to this collective flight.
The farther the French fled, the more miserable their remnants were, especially after the Berezina, on which, as a result of the St. Petersburg plan, special hopes were placed, the more the passions of the Russian commanders flared up, blaming each other and especially Kutuzov. Believing that the failure of the Berezinsky Petersburg plan would be attributed to him, dissatisfaction with him, contempt for him and teasing him were expressed more and more strongly. Joking and contempt, of course, was expressed in a respectful form, in a form in which Kutuzov could not even ask what and for what he was accused. He was not spoken seriously; reporting to him and asking his permission, they pretended to perform a sad ceremony, and behind his back they winked and tried to deceive him at every step.
All these people, precisely because they could not understand him, it was recognized that there was nothing to talk about with the old man; that he would never understand the full depth of their plans; that he would answer his phrases (it seemed to them that these were only phrases) about the golden bridge, that it was impossible to come abroad with a crowd of vagabonds, etc. They had already heard all this from him. And everything he said: for example, that you have to wait for provisions, that people are without boots, it was all so simple, and everything they offered was so complicated and clever that it was obvious to them that he was stupid and old, but they were not powerful, brilliant commanders.
Especially after the unification of the armies of the brilliant admiral and the hero of St. Petersburg Wittgenstein, this mood and staff gossip reached its highest limits. Kutuzov saw this and, sighing, shrugged his shoulders. Only once, after the Berezina, did he get angry and write to Bennigsen, who delivered the following letter to the sovereign separately:
“Due to your painful seizures, if you please, Your Excellency, upon receipt of this, go to Kaluga, where you await further command and appointment from His Imperial Majesty.”
But after Benigsen's departure, the Grand Duke Konstantin Pavlovich came to the army, who made the beginning of the campaign and was removed from the army by Kutuzov. Now the Grand Duke, having arrived at the army, informed Kutuzov about the displeasure of the Emperor for the weak successes of our troops and for the slowness of movement. The Sovereign Emperor himself intended to come to the army the other day.
An old man, just as experienced in court affairs as in military affairs, that Kutuzov, who in August of that year was chosen commander-in-chief against the will of the sovereign, the one who removed the heir and the Grand Duke from the army, the one who, by his power, in opposition to the will of the sovereign, ordered the abandonment of Moscow, this Kutuzov now immediately realized that his time was over, that his role had been played and that he no longer had this imaginary power. And it was not just from court relations that he realized this. On the one hand, he saw that the military business, the one in which he played his role, was over, and he felt that his calling had been fulfilled. On the other hand, at the same time he began to feel physical weariness in his old body and the need for physical rest.
On November 29, Kutuzov entered Vilna - his good Vilna, as he said. Twice in his service, Kutuzov was governor in Vilna. In the rich surviving Vilna, in addition to the comforts of life, which he had been deprived of for so long, Kutuzov found old friends and memories. And he, suddenly turning away from all military and government concerns, plunged into an even, familiar life as much as he was given rest by the passions that boiled around him, as if everything that was happening now and about to happen in the historical world did not concern him at all.
Chichagov, one of the most passionate cut-offers and overturners, Chichagov, who wanted to first make a diversion to Greece, and then to Warsaw, but did not want to go where he was ordered, Chichagov, known for his bold speech with the sovereign, Chichagov, who considered Kutuzov blessed by himself, because when he was sent in the 11th year to conclude peace with Turkey, in addition to Kutuzov, he, convinced that peace had already been concluded, admitted to the sovereign that the merit of making peace belongs to Kutuzov; this Chichagov was the first to meet Kutuzov in Vilna at the castle where Kutuzov was supposed to stay. Chichagov in a naval uniform, with a dagger, holding his cap under his arm, gave Kutuzov a drill report and the keys to the city. That contemptuous respectful attitude of young people towards the old man who had gone out of his mind was expressed to the highest degree in the whole appeal of Chichagov, who already knew the accusations leveled against Kutuzov.
Speaking with Chichagov, Kutuzov, among other things, told him that the carriages with dishes he had recaptured from him in Borisov were intact and would be returned to him.
- C "est pour me dire que je n" ai pas sur quoi manger ... Je puis au contraire vous fournir de tout dans le cas meme ou vous voudriez donner des diners, [You want to tell me that I have nothing to eat. On the contrary, I can serve you all, even if you wanted to give dinners.] - flaring up, said Chichagov, who wanted to prove his case with every word and therefore assumed that Kutuzov was also preoccupied with this. Kutuzov smiled with his thin, penetrating smile and, shrugging his shoulders, answered: - Ce n "est que pour vous dire ce que je vous dis. [I only want to say what I say.]
In Vilna, Kutuzov, contrary to the will of the sovereign, stopped most of the troops. Kutuzov, as his close associates said, unusually sank and physically weakened during his stay in Vilna. He reluctantly took care of the affairs of the army, leaving everything to his generals and, while waiting for the sovereign, indulged in a dispersed life.
Having left with his retinue - Count Tolstoy, Prince Volkonsky, Arakcheev and others, on December 7 from Petersburg, the sovereign arrived in Vilna on December 11 and drove straight to the castle in a road sleigh. At the castle, despite the severe frost, there were about a hundred generals and staff officers in full dress uniform and an honor guard of the Semenovsky regiment.
The courier, who galloped to the castle on a sweaty troika, ahead of the sovereign, shouted: "He's on his way!" Konovnitsyn rushed into the hall to report to Kutuzov, who was waiting in a small Swiss room.
A minute later, a fat, large figure of an old man, in full dress uniform, with all the regalia covering his chest, and his belly pulled up by a scarf, swaying, came out onto the porch. Kutuzov put on his hat along the front, took gloves in his hands and sideways, stepping with difficulty down the steps, stepped down from them and took in his hand the report prepared for submission to the sovereign.
Running, whispering, the troika still desperately flying by, and all eyes were fixed on the jumping sleigh, in which the figures of the sovereign and Volkonsky were already visible.
All this, according to fifty years of habit, had a physically unsettling effect on the old general; he anxiously hurriedly felt himself, adjusted his hat, and at that moment, as the sovereign, getting out of the sleigh, raised his eyes to him, cheered up and stretched out, filed a report and began to speak in his measured, ingratiating voice.
The emperor glanced at Kutuzov from head to toe, frowned for a moment, but immediately, overcoming himself, came up and, spreading his arms, hugged the old general. Again, according to the old, familiar impression and in relation to his sincere thoughts, this embrace, as usual, had an effect on Kutuzov: he sobbed.
The sovereign greeted the officers, with the Semyonovsky guard, and, shaking the old man's hand once more, went with him to the castle.
Left alone with the field marshal, the sovereign expressed his displeasure at the slowness of the pursuit, for the mistakes in Krasnoye and on the Berezina, and told him his thoughts on the future campaign abroad. Kutuzov did not make any objections or comments. The same submissive and senseless expression with which, seven years ago, he listened to the orders of the sovereign on the field of Austerlitz, was now established on his face.
When Kutuzov left the office and with his heavy, diving gait, head down, walked down the hall, someone's voice stopped him.
“Your Grace,” someone said.
Kutuzov raised his head and looked for a long time into the eyes of Count Tolstoy, who, with some small thing on a silver platter, stood in front of him. Kutuzov did not seem to understand what they wanted from him.
Suddenly, he seemed to remember: a barely perceptible smile flickered on his plump face, and he, bending low, respectfully, took the object lying on the dish. It was George 1st degree.

The next day, the field marshal had a dinner and a ball, which the sovereign honored with his presence. Kutuzov was granted George 1st degree; the sovereign gave him the highest honors; but the sovereign's displeasure against the field marshal was known to everyone. Decency was observed, and the sovereign showed the first example of this; but everyone knew that the old man was to blame and good for nothing. When at the ball Kutuzov, according to the old Catherine's habit, at the entrance of the sovereign into the ballroom, ordered the taken banners to be thrown down at his feet, the sovereign grimaced unpleasantly and uttered words in which some heard: "the old comedian."
The displeasure of the sovereign against Kutuzov intensified in Vilna, especially because Kutuzov, obviously, did not want or could not understand the significance of the upcoming campaign.
When the next day in the morning the sovereign said to the officers gathered at his place: “You saved more than one Russia; you saved Europe,” everyone already understood then that the war was not over.
Only Kutuzov did not want to understand this and openly expressed his opinion that a new war could not improve the position and increase the glory of Russia, but could only worsen its position and reduce the highest degree of glory on which, in his opinion, Russia now stood. He tried to prove to the sovereign the impossibility of recruiting new troops; talked about the plight of the population, about the possibility of failure, etc.
In such a mood, the field marshal, naturally, seemed only an obstacle and a brake on the upcoming war.
To avoid clashes with the old man, a way out was found by itself, consisting in, as in Austerlitz and as at the beginning of the Barclay campaign, to take out from under the commander-in-chief, without disturbing him, without announcing to him that the ground of power on which he stood , and transfer it to the sovereign himself.
To this end, the headquarters was gradually reorganized, and all the essential strength of Kutuzov's headquarters was destroyed and transferred to the sovereign. Toll, Konovnitsyn, Yermolov received other appointments. Everyone said loudly that the field marshal had become very weak and upset with his health.
He had to be in poor health in order to hand over his place to the one who interceded for him. Indeed, his health was poor.
How naturally, and simply, and gradually Kutuzov appeared from Turkey to the state chamber of St. a new, needed figure appeared.
The war of 1812, in addition to its national significance dear to the Russian heart, was supposed to have another - European.
The movement of peoples from west to east was to be followed by the movement of peoples from east to west, and for this new war a new figure was needed, having other properties and views than Kutuzov, driven by other motives.
Alexander the First was as necessary for the movement of peoples from east to west and for the restoration of the borders of peoples as Kutuzov was necessary for the salvation and glory of Russia.
Kutuzov did not understand what Europe, equilibrium, Napoleon meant. He couldn't understand it. The representative of the Russian people, after the enemy was destroyed, Russia was liberated and placed on the highest level of its glory, the Russian person, as a Russian, had nothing more to do. The representative of the people's war had no choice but death. And he died.

Pierre, as is most often the case, felt the brunt of the physical hardships and stresses experienced in captivity only when these stresses and hardships were over. After his release from captivity, he arrived in Orel, and on the third day of his arrival, while he was going to Kyiv, he fell ill and lay ill in Orel for three months; he became, as the doctors said, bilious fever. Despite the fact that the doctors treated him, bled him and gave him medicines to drink, he still recovered.
Everything that happened to Pierre from the time of his release to his illness left almost no impression on him. He remembered only gray, gloomy, sometimes rainy, sometimes snowy weather, inner physical anguish, pain in his legs, in his side; remembered the general impression of the misfortunes and sufferings of people; he remembered the curiosity of the officers and generals who questioned him, which disturbed him, his efforts to find a carriage and horses, and, most importantly, he remembered his inability to think and feel at that time. On the day of his release, he saw the corpse of Petya Rostov. On the same day, he learned that Prince Andrei had been alive for more than a month after the Battle of Borodino and had only recently died in Yaroslavl, in the Rostovs' house. And on the same day, Denisov, who reported this news to Pierre, mentioned the death of Helen between conversations, suggesting that Pierre had known this for a long time. All this only seemed strange to Pierre at the time. He felt that he could not understand the meaning of all this news. Then he was in a hurry only to leave these places where people were killing each other as soon as possible, to some quiet refuge and there to come to his senses, rest and think over all the strange and new that he had learned during this time. But as soon as he arrived in Orel, he fell ill. Waking up from his illness, Pierre saw around him his two people who had come from Moscow - Terenty and Vaska, and the elder princess, who, living in Yelets, on Pierre's estate, and learning about his release and illness, came to him to walk behind him.
During his recovery, Pierre only gradually weaned from the impressions that had become habitual to him of the last months and got used to the fact that no one would drive him anywhere tomorrow, that no one would take away his warm bed, and that he would probably have lunch, and tea, and supper. But in a dream he saw himself for a long time in the same conditions of captivity. Just as little by little, Pierre understood the news that he learned after his release from captivity: the death of Prince Andrei, the death of his wife, the destruction of the French.
A joyful feeling of freedom - that complete, inalienable freedom inherent in a person, the consciousness of which he first experienced at the first halt, when leaving Moscow, filled Pierre's soul during his recovery. He was surprised that this inner freedom, independent of external circumstances, was now, as it were, surrounded with excess, with luxury, by external freedom. He was alone in a strange city, without acquaintances. Nobody demanded anything from him; they didn't send him anywhere. Everything he wanted he had; The thought of his wife, which had always tormented him before, was no more, since she was no more.
- Oh, how good! How nice! he said to himself when a cleanly laid table with fragrant broth was moved to him, or when he lay down at night on a soft, clean bed, or when he remembered that his wife and the French were no more. - Oh, how good, how nice! - And out of old habit, he asked himself the question: well, then what? What will i do? And immediately he answered himself: nothing. I will live. Ah, how nice!
The very thing that he had tormented before, what he was constantly looking for, the purpose of life, now did not exist for him. It was no coincidence that this desired goal of life now did not exist for him only at the present moment, but he felt that it did not exist and could not exist. And this lack of purpose gave him that full, joyful consciousness of freedom, which at that time constituted his happiness.
He could not have a goal, because he now had faith - not faith in any rules, or words, or thoughts, but faith in a living, always felt god. Previously, he had sought it for the purposes he had set for himself. This search for a goal was only a search for God; and suddenly, in his captivity, he recognized, not by words, not by reasoning, but by direct feeling, what his nanny had told him for a long time: that God is here, here, everywhere. In captivity, he learned that God in Karataev is greater, infinite and incomprehensible than in the Architecton of the universe recognized by the Masons. He experienced the feeling of a man who found what he was looking for under his feet, while he strained his eyes, looking far away from him. All his life he looked somewhere, over the heads of the people around him, but he had not to strain his eyes, but only look in front of him.
He was not able to see before the great, incomprehensible and infinite in anything. He only felt that it must be somewhere and looked for it. In everything close, understandable, he saw one thing limited, petty, worldly, meaningless. He armed himself with a mental telescope and looked into the distance, to where this shallow, worldly distance, hiding in the fog, seemed to him great and infinite only because it was not clearly visible. This is how he imagined European life, politics, freemasonry, philosophy, philanthropy. But even then, in those moments that he considered his weakness, his mind penetrated into this distance, and there he saw the same petty, worldly, meaningless. Now, however, he had learned to see the great, the eternal, and the infinite in everything, and therefore, naturally, in order to see it, to enjoy its contemplation, he threw down the trumpet into which he had until now looked over the heads of people, and joyfully contemplated around him the ever-changing, eternally great , incomprehensible and infinite life. And the closer he looked, the more he was calm and happy. The terrible question that previously destroyed all his mental structures was: why? no longer existed for him. Now to this question - why? a simple answer was always ready in his soul: then, that there is a god, that god, without whose will a hair will not fall from a person’s head.

Pierre hardly changed in his outward manners. He looked exactly the same as he had before. Just as before, he was absent-minded and seemed preoccupied not with what was before his eyes, but with something of his own, special. The difference between his former and present state was that before, when he forgot what was in front of him, what was said to him, he wrinkled his forehead in pain, as if trying and could not see something far away from him. . Now he also forgot what was said to him, and what was before him; but now, with a barely perceptible, as if mocking, smile, he peered at the very thing that was in front of him, listened to what was being said to him, although he obviously saw and heard something completely different. Formerly he seemed, though a kind man, but unhappy; and therefore involuntarily people moved away from him. Now a smile of the joy of life constantly played around his mouth, and in his eyes there shone concern for people - the question is: are they happy just like he is? And people enjoyed being in his presence.

Russian soil scientist, academician (since 1927, corresponding member since 1926). A student of Vasily Vasilyevich Dokuchaev. In 1889 he graduated from St. Petersburg University, specializing in mineralogy. Under the influence of V. V. Dokuchaev, he became interested in soil science and from the very beginning of his scientific activity, along with mineralogical and geochemical studies, he studied soils. In 1895, he took the chair of mineralogy and geology at the Novo-Alexandria Agricultural Institute, and in 1901, after the death of N. M. Sibirtsev, the chair of soil science. In 1913, he organized an agricultural institute in Voronezh, was its director and at the same time taught a course in soil science (until recently this educational institution was named after Glinka, now it is Peter the Great). Since 1922 - Rector and Professor of the Leningrad Agricultural Institute. K. D. Glinka was the first director of the Soil Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences.

The main, deeply fruitful idea, first expressed by K. D. Glinka in his master's thesis "Glauconite, its origin, chemical composition and nature of weathering" (1896), was to establish the staging in the processes of weathering and the transformation of primary minerals into secondary ones. K. D. Glinka believed that in the process of weathering of aluminosilicates and silicates, a typical reaction is hydrolysis, as a result of which salts are converted into acids by replacing their bases with hydrogen. This process takes place gradually and goes through intermediate forms such as acid salts. The end products of weathering, silico-aluminous acids, as well as intermediate products, can retain a crystalline structure. Glinka was the first to develop a method for mineralogical studies of fine soil fractions. His work in the field of weathering laid the foundations for the original Russian school of soil mineralogy, which was widely developed during the Soviet era. KD Glinka's first work on soil science (1889) was devoted to gray forest soils. In it, he considered these soils as a special amateur type of soil formation that occurs under grassy broad-leaved forests. Thus, he refuted the view of S.I. Korzhinsky about the origin of gray forest soils as a result of the degradation of chernozems. Under the leadership of Dokuchaev, K. D. Glinka conducted a soil survey in the Poltava (1894), Pskov (1899-1906), Novgorod (1903) and Smolensk (1902-03) provinces. He was the organizer and leader of numerous soil-geographic expeditions to Siberia and Central Asia (1908-14), as a result of which huge land funds were opened for agricultural development. The results of research by K. D. Glinka made it possible to compile the first soil map of the Asian part of the USSR. K. D. Glinka paid much attention to the study of the zonation of the soil cover, questions of the genesis and classification of soils. The classification of soils proposed by K. D. Glinka is currently only of historical significance, but at one time it contributed to the general development of this problem.

In direct connection with the classification is the problem of soil evolution. In an article on the problems of historical soil science (1904), K. D. Glinka wrote that every particle of soil is in perpetual motion. K. D. Glinka connected the “eternal variability” of the soil with the activity of living organisms. But later he moved away from a broad and correct understanding of the problem of soil evolution. K. D. Glinka is the founder of paleosol science, which is of great importance for paleogeography.

Bibliography

Biographical dictionary of figures of natural science and technology. T. 1. - Moscow: State. scientific publishing house "Great Soviet Encyclopedia", 1958. - 548 p.

The value of Glinka Konstantin Dmitrievich in a brief biographical encyclopedia. Life and scientific activity of Konstantin Dmitrievich Glinka Literature about K. D. Glinka

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