The theme of freedom and fate in the poem Mtsyri. The theme of freedom in the poem Mtsyri composition. Mikhail Yuryevich Lermontov - the great Russian poet
Lermontov is a genius. But that is precisely why it is so difficult for our contemporary to understand the full depth of despair of Mtsyri, the protagonist of his beautiful poem. Admirers of the Russian genius, singing miserable doxologies in honor of the young monk, only expose the whole abyss of their own misunderstanding.
The plot of the poem is very unpretentious. A little boy by the will of fate was in captivity. And then he became a novice of a Christian monastery, about which Mikhail Yuryevich does not want to talk about anything. Such a quiet abode affects everyone ambiguously, in its own way. For some, such a refuge is liberation from the power of sin, a symbol of freedom, and for another person, a monastery is a soul-destroying prison.
The young Georgian guy grew up, became a monk and longed for freedom. The monastery walls became a hateful casemate for Mtsyri. He suffocates in this prison. And this is a special kind of purely spiritual asphyxia, experienced only by freethinkers and rebels. The slave does not know such an ardent impulse for precious freedom.
But what is Freedom? Do they walk in handcuffs and shackles in the monastery?
This question is as difficult as Pontius Pilate's question, "What is Truth?" Every bandit and every harlot yearns for freedom no less than a well-bred individual. And each of them understands freedom in their own way. Some want to be freed from the corrupting influence of the devil, others from annoying decency.
Perhaps none of the mere mortals knows what Freedom is. Moreover, it is possible that the author of the poem himself does not fully understand what exactly it is. The universal human tragedy is that everyone, without exception, yearns for freedom. Even the most fooled slave wishes not to be punished too often, for he longs, like a Buddhist, for liberation from suffering.
And this wonderful spirit of liberation from the burdens of a boring life visits every person from time to time. And such wonderful moments always seem to be a gift from God or angels, if a person is religious.
Mtsyri strives for freedom, but does not know where this beautiful lady lives. Maybe she is somewhere there, behind the monastery walls? So the monk wants to run away, no matter where. Away "from stuffy cells and prayers to that wonderful world of anxieties and battles"! He is ready to make a sacrifice to Lady Liberty, but does not know how to do it:
“I lived little, and lived in captivity.
Such two lives in one
But only full of anxiety
I would change if I could."
Therefore, Mtsyri simply runs away, breaking his Christian vows, for the thirst for freedom is stronger than the fear of retribution. Fate may punish him, but the monk is ready to pay any price for the fleeting bliss of freedom. Freedom above all! – such is the absolute imperative of a man unspoiled by civilization.
But what is there, behind the fortress walls? The monk greedily drinks the sweet air of freedom, but one day he hears the distant ringing of bells. And a terrible thought enters him like lightning: external world will not give him the desired freedom, for on him is the stigma of an eternal slave - a man who made an unbreakable vow. This ringing, which pleases most people, sounds like a sentence to him, like a curse that deprives him of his last hope.
"From the heart - as if someone
He struck me in the chest with iron.
And then I vaguely understood
What is the trace to my homeland
Never lay it down."
There is no freedom in the monastery, but there is none outside! the Georgian fugitive suddenly realizes. And this terrible understanding deprives the hope that revives the soul.
And he doesn't need a life without hope. Death is much more desirable than cursed bondage. A monk wounded by a leopard dies not from the injuries inflicted on him, his soul leaves his body, for life has become completely meaningless.
Lermontov anticipates his own fate. His thirst for freedom is so great that he unwittingly puts it into the soul of his favorite character. The great poet also does not value life, agreeing to a duel, from which it is easy to evade.
His favorite, Mtsyri, is very similar to the ancient Greek legendary Aesop, who decided to die free, not a slave. As the gray-haired legend says, the slave owner, who released her beloved poet to freedom, actually decided on a cunning maneuver: she put the golden cup of their temple in his knapsack. She believed that when Aesop was accused of theft, he would call himself a slave, and slaves are not punished. They are returned to their owners. But the poet did something unthinkable, incredible: he showed the accusers a free one - his death sentence. “It is better to die free than to live long as a slave dreaming of freedom.” great poet ancient Greece.
Perhaps it was there, in the shining Heaven, that Lermontov and Aesop finally found something that is almost impossible to find on earth - the long-awaited, life-giving Freedom. Two wonderful people deserve it. For they fought for it, not sparing their lives.
What does it mean for a person to live? First of all - to experience a feeling of happiness, the fullness of one's existence, to enjoy one's being in the world. And it is difficult to admit that for the protagonist of the poem of the same name by Lermontov Mtsyri, happiness could mean something else. According to Lermontov himself, freedom is the most important value in the life of any person.
Thirst to gain will against all odds
To the question of what it means to live for Mtsyri, one can answer unequivocally - to be free. For the hero, it is the will that is the primary value. Interestingly, nothing in the hero's life contributed to awakening in him a thirst for freedom. After all, the main value within the walls of the monastery is humility, piety, and a too freedom-loving person is most likely simply a sinner. However, Mtsyri, in addition to the precepts of monastic life, does not forget about the precepts of his country.
Caucasus - a symbol of freedom
The action of the poem takes place in the vast mountains of the Caucasus, which for Lermontov himself always symbolized freedom. Among the wild and at the same time beautiful nature, which can inspire romantic feelings, among the highlanders accustomed to complete freedom, you can feel really free. The Caucasus has become a symbol of freedom in the poet's work, expressing one of the most important values of its main character - Mtsyra. He is a real child of the mountains, and no life in the monastery can change that.
Although he was taken away from home at a very early age, he remembers his family, beautiful sisters, as well as his father's formidable weapon. The memory awakened in the hero calls him to freedom. He is completely captured by this passion. What does it mean for Mtsyra to live if not to be free? This question can be called rhetorical. In his work, the great Russian poet shows the strength of the human spirit, with which you can overcome any difficulties on the way to your dream.
Monastery "prison" for the hero
The life of the hero within the monastery cannot be called difficult or difficult. The monks take care of their novice in their own way, wishing him only the best. However, what they regard as good turns out to be a real prison for Mtsyri. They do not understand what it means to live for Mtsyri. The real being is there, outside the stuffy monastery. Those who have spent their entire lives within its boundaries cannot understand the full value of freedom for the protagonist. For him, there is nothing higher than will. Even love is subsequently relegated to the background.
true value
And so Mtsyri runs away from the monastery on a rainy, stormy night. The monks are afraid of this thunderstorm, but it only pleases the main character. What it meant to live in the mind of Mtsyri is shown in his desires: he wants to become one with the raging elements, to measure his strength with a terrible beast, to experience the heat of the scorching sun.
From all these episodes, the life of the hero in freedom is formed. It is bright and saturated, it can not be compared with the dull confinement within the walls of the monastery. The poet in his work raises the question: what is better - long years of life in peace, but in captivity, or complete freedom, lasting only a few days?
What did it mean for Mtsyri to live? Short answer
To this question romantic hero gives a completely unambiguous answer: there is no higher value than freedom, and never was. He speaks very contemptuously about life in the monastery - Mtsyri is ready to exchange two lives for one, "full of worries." But in the wild he is destined to live only three days. And this time is worthy of dedicating a whole poem to him.
Answering the question of what life means for Mtsyri, each student can think about their own values. Can a person who was forced to live a life not his own be happy? Who is forced to live according to externally imposed values? Even if he gets used to this existence, it cannot be happy in any way.
Mtsyri spent his entire life in captivity. And he dreams of only one thing - to gain complete freedom, not to be bound by anything. He wants to feel the aroma of this freedom, breathe it in deeply. Also, the main character dreams of returning to native land, once again to see those people who are dear to him. And it is this desire that pushes him to leave the stuffy monastery.
Fighting the leopard as a symbol of confrontation
There are also obstacles on the way of Mtsyra. In particular, one of the most serious difficulties he had to face was a fight with a wild leopard. The animal was the personification of his past life. It symbolized bondage, and the fight against it was a test for Mtsyri. Does he deserve a new life? Is he worth it to his dream of a better life become a reality? And Mtsyri fights with a terrible beast with his bare hands. By this, Lermontov shows what a person who fights for his highest value can be capable of. At stake in this battle is the freedom of the protagonist. The battle with the leopard in all latitude shows what it meant for Mtsyri to live. He does not want to be content with the measured and predictable life that is prepared for him. And for the sake of this desire, he is ready to put his own existence on the line.
In the essay “What does it mean to live for Mtsyri”, the student can emphasize: real life is freedom, the ability to do what the heart desires, to be where you want. Main character realizes the value of these things, being in captivity. For the sake of the opportunity to stay at least a little in his native land, Mtsyri is ready to go to his death and fight with a terrible leopard. This story should teach everyone the value of what they have. After all, now every person has freedom, is free to do whatever he wants. Real life- this is freedom.
Generally speaking, M.Yu. Lermontov's poem "Mtsyri" is a kind of ode to freedom. The dying desperate confession of a highlander boy, deprived of his relatives from childhood, who grew up as an involuntary prisoner of the monastery, sounds very sharp and piercing.
All his short life, Mtsyri dreamed of being back in his native land, and even his last request to the old monk, listening to him in his cell, is that he asks him to be carried to the monastery garden, to the place where the Caucasus is visible. To be able to see your homeland at least from afar in your last moments. At least imagine your loved ones ...
For some reason, in the revelations of Mtsyri, I seem to have something consonant with the final speech of Pushkin's Tatyana:
… Now I am glad to give
All this rags of masquerade<…>
For those places where for the first time,
Onegin, I saw you...
This is the desire for the authentic, the true. Freedom for both heroes is, first of all, self-acceptance. Harmony of your own soul. Non-compliance with accepted norms and customs, not gratitude, not fashion.
But Tatyana's loneliness, as an invariable component of freedom, is less tragic. Her loneliness since childhood was voluntary. She more or less consciously preferred the semi-invented semi-bookish world of the surrounding reality. Mtsyra's situation is different. His loneliness is like that of his literary parent! - forced. His freedom is a return to his...
Mtsyri's attitude to freedom is quite exhaustively expressed in the following lines:
I lived little, and lived in captivity.
Such two lives in one
But only full of anxiety
I would change if I could.
This quite echoes the well-known words that it is better to die standing than to live on your knees. Freedom for Mtsyri was quite identical to life itself. Having lost his will, he is fully aware that his days are numbered. And his wounds are fatal, but the loss of the last hope for the realization of his dream sounds more desperate.
There is simply no life in captivity for him. Only a slow fading, like feeble old age... But he is a true son of his tribe. Since infancy, Mtsyri has been endowed with pride and love of freedom. Having been captured while still quite a tiny monastery, he was already ready to die, having lost the most valuable thing for himself. Freedom is life and that. Friendship between a violent heart and a thunderstorm. Elements Consonance - for lack of a Motherland. Storm, storm everywhere...
The eternal theme of Lermontov's aching loneliness. Mtsyri's pain is partly consonant with the personal tragedy of the poet himself: he lost his mother early, and due to difficult family relationships, he was deprived of the opportunity to communicate with his father. In fact, he grew up as an orphan with his grandmother with a living parent. It seems to me that this is what brings a touch of despair and some doom, which shines through all the work of Lermontov ...
MOU "Atemarskaya average comprehensive school»
Lesson conversation
Understanding freedom in poetry
M.Yu. Lermontov "Mtsyri".
Prepared and conducted
teacher of Russian language and literature
Nefedova V.V.
Reflection Lesson
Understanding of freedom in the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov "Mtsyri".
… what a fiery soul
what a mighty spirit
what a gigantic
the nature of this Mtsyri.
V.G. Belinsky.
Tasks:
Know all about the verb as a part of speech
find the studied part of speech.
justify the correct choice of spelling when writing verbs
use verbs correctly in speech.
Educational:
2) Developing:
Memory Development
Development of attention
Speech development
3).Nurturing:
Feelings of responsibility for your actions
Education of love for nature, relatives, friends
Target:
help students see the originality and tragedy of the hero of the poem,
define in it the main aspirations for freedom, for relatives, for the homeland,
determine how to create an image,
indicate the relationship between the title, epigraph, theme and idea of the work,
cultivate patriotism and love for the motherland.
Equipment:
multimedia projector,
a computer,
presentation,
test shell CRAB
vocabulary work : confession, humility, remorse.
Preliminary work of students : Write down which artistic means, does the poet use when drawing his hero? Explore the history of the poem's title . Learn your favorite passages from the poem,
During the classes
I. Organizational moment.
-Hello guys. Sit down.
a) Introductory remarks by the teacher.
Guys, for several lessons you were at the mercy of Lermontov's poem. They rejoiced when Mtsyri managed to escape from the monastery. How I wanted to help him find his way home! With the greatest excitement they read the episode of the fight with the leopard. It is gratifying that the young man defeated a strong and treacherous beast, but died of his wounds. We listen to his confession before his death. What's this? Humility? Remorse? Or is it a protest against captivity? We will get the answer in the course of further analysis of the work.
(Slide #1 from the presentation)
The theme of our lesson: “Understanding freedom in the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov "Mtsyri". The objectives of the lesson: to better understand the spiritual world of a young man, to see the originality and tragedy of the hero of the poem, to determine how to create an image, to identify the author's attitude towards the hero. As an epigraph to the lesson, let's take the words of V.G. Belinsky:
…what a fiery soul
what a mighty spirit
what a gigantic
the nature of this Mtsyri.
At the end of the lesson, you must answer me, does this epigraph reveal the topic of our lesson?
II. Preparation for the perception of new material.
- Tell me, have you ever met with the meaning of the word confession, what do you think it means?
Work with computer
(Slide #2 from the presentation):
Vocabulary work.
-Let's read the exact lexical meaning of this word.
Confession- 1 - repentance for sins;
Let's write down a few more new words, having learned the meaning of which, I hope you will use today in the lesson in your answers.
Humility- readiness to obey someone else's will.
Repentance- admission of a mistake.
III. Checking homework.
Guys, remember what is the peculiarity of the composition of the poem "Mtsyri"? Remind me what composition is.
(Composition is the construction of a work, the arrangement of its parts, the way of narration, the use of plot and extra-plot elements (dreams, songs, digressions, monologues).)
(A feature of the composition of Lermontov's poem "Mtsyri" is that it consists of 26 chapters, two of which are an exposition, a description of the hero, and the author does not give us a detailed portrait of the young man, but indicates the main qualities of his nature; 24 chapters are Mtsyri's story about three days carried out by him at will.)
For today's lesson, I asked you to find and write out quotes from the text of the poem on the topic, what is the purpose of Mtsyra's escape? And what does it mean for him to be free?
Quotes:
(a) A long, long time ago I thought // To look at the distant fields,// To find out if the earth is beautiful,// To find out, for freedom or prison// We will be born into this world.
b) ... My flaming chest// Press with longing to the chest of another,// Although not familiar, but dear.
c) I lived a little, and lived in captivity. // Such two lives in one, // But only full of worries, // I would trade if I could.
d) ... I have one goal - // Go to my native country - // I had in my soul.)
What conclusion can we draw from reading the quotes?
(Mtsyra's idea of freedom is associated with the dream of returning to his homeland. To be free means for him to escape from the monastic captivity and return to his native village, to escape "from a stranger's family")
(Slide 3 from the presentation)
-Yes, guys, while living in a monastery, the young man did not stop seeing “living dreams”:
About dear, near and dear ones,
About the will of the wild steppes,
About light, mad horses,
About alien battles between rocks...
-In his soul, the image of an unknown, but desired "wonderful world of worries and battles" constantly lived.
IV. Explanation of new material.
(Lermontov trusts Mtsyri to tell himself about what he experienced, since the hero, better than anyone else, can convey his thoughts, feelings, experiences, the hero himself evaluates everything that he saw and experienced in the wild.)
(Slide 4 from the presentation)
What is the name of the hero's story?
(Confession.)
Let's read the meaning of this word again.
(Slide #5 from the presentation)
Confession- 1 - repentance for sins;
2- frank confession of something;
3- communication of their thoughts, views.
- In what sense is it used in the work?
(There is no repentance here, since the hero has nothing to repent of. Mtsyra has no sins. The hero sets out his views on life, talks about his dreams, talks about three days spent in the wild.)
- He begins his story with the words: “Can the soul be told?”
(Slide number 6 from the presentation)
Let's read this passage. (Ch 3.)
In the last lesson, we established that the author does not give a detailed portrait of Mtsyra, since this is not important for revealing the character of the hero.
(Slide number 7 from the presentation)
- Why don't we know the name Mtsyri?
(The main thing in the hero is the soul, the inner world, this is what Lermontov focuses on. The name of the hero is a secret. Instead of him, the word “Mtsyri”)
- What does it mean? We had an individual task to investigate the history of the poem's title. Please, Alyosha.
(Mtsyri translated from Georgian: 1) non-serving monk, novice; 2) "alien", "foreigner". The original title of the poem - "Beri" (in Georgian - a monk) was replaced by Lermontov with a more suitable one for expressing the idea of \u200b\u200bthe work - "Mtsyri".)
- Who is a monk?
(A monk is a person who voluntarily renounced worldly life (among people, in the world), one who wants to lead a strict life full of restrictions, renouncing love for a person of the opposite sex, from freedom, a person who submits his life to strict limits and prohibitions. The decision to accept monastic ordination must be voluntary, since not every person will find the strength to endure all the prohibitions.)
- Do you think Mtsyri's character allows him to take this path?
(Mtsyri was not created for monastic life, he loves freedom, nature too much to lock himself up, he has not yet lived, so his escape is a desire to find out what peace, freedom, life is.)
(Slide number 8 from the presentation)
What does it mean to live for a hero?
(To be in constant search, anxiety, to fight and win, and most importantly, to experience the bliss of the “liberty of the saint.” In these experiences, the fiery character of Mtsyri is very clearly revealed.)
What is the highest value for a hero?
Freedom and homeland.
-What did Mtsyri learn about himself when he found himself free?
(In freedom, Mtsyra’s love for his homeland was revealed with renewed vigor, which merged for the young man with the desire for freedom. And if in the monastery the hero only languished with the desire for freedom, then in freedom he knew the “bliss of freedom” and strengthened in his thirst for earthly happiness.)
(Having been free for 3 days, Mtsyri found out that he was brave and fearless. Fearlessness, contempt for death and a terrible love for life, a thirst for struggle and readiness for it is revealed in the fight against the leopard.)
(“The fiery passion” of Mtsyra - love for the motherland - makes him purposeful and firm. He refuses the possibility of the happiness of love, overcomes the suffering of hunger, in a desperate impulse tries through the forest for the sake of the goal - “to go to his native country.” The death of this dream gives birth to him despair, but even in a desperate impulse, Mtsyri appears not as weak and defenseless, but as a proud and courageous person who rejects pity and compassion.)
(Mtsyri is hardy. Tortured by the leopard, he forgets about his wounds, having gathered the rest of his strength, he again tries to get out of the forest.)
(Slide #9 from the presentation)
What is the hero suffering from? What does he lack?
Mtsyri suffers from loneliness, from lack of freedom, from the absence of a “native soul”.
- He even takes an oath: (ch4)
“My flaming chest / Press with longing to the chest of another, / Though unfamiliar, but dear”
-What do you consider important in the adventures of Mtsyri?
(He gained the desired freedom, breathed the free air of the mountains, saw life, felt his kinship with nature. As the hero himself says, he lived in freedom.)
Why is Mtsyri dying?
(Having experienced a feeling of freedom and once again being in prison (in a monastery), he cannot live, just like a free beast or bird trapped in a cage. Now the hero knows what life is, and staying in a monastery is tantamount to death for him.)
(Slide number 10 from the presentation)
Landscape paintings, mention of wind, storm, birds, animals are very important in the poem. What is the role of pictures of nature in the work?
(They are related to the hero, and the call of freedom turns out to be irresistible, like the call of nature - a fish sings a love song to him, “like a brother” he is ready to embrace the storm, “like a beast” he is alien to people. On the contrary, nature is hostile and alien to the monks of the monastery, when Mtsyri escaped from captivity)
-Prove it with words from the text.
(Slide #11 from the presentation)
("And at the hour of the night, a terrible hour,// When the storm frightened you,// When, crowding around the altar,// You lay prostrate on the ground.")
(Slide #11 from the presentation)
(Both in childhood were deprived of parental warmth, both suffered from loneliness, both loved the free nature of the Caucasus, both loved their homeland. Mtsyri is close to Lermontov with his love of freedom).
- Try again to formulate the theme of the work.
(The tragic fate of Mtsyra, striving to gain freedom and return to his homeland.)
-What is the idea behind this piece?
(Statement of the ideal free personality, her rights to life, freedom, sympathy for the hero, admiration for the fortitude)
Another task you had to complete at home. This, what artistic means does the poet use when drawing his hero? Give examples.
(Hyperbole: “Oh, I’m like a brother// I would be glad to embrace the storm!// I followed the clouds with my eyes,/ I caught lightning with my hand…”)
- Define Hyperbole
(Hyperbole is an extreme exaggeration)
(Metaphors: “I nourished this passion in the darkness of the night with tears and longing”, “I gnawed at the damp chest of the earth ...”
Comparisons: "I myself, like a beast, was a stranger to people / / And crawled and hid like a snake." Epithets: "But free youth is strong, / And death seemed not terrible!")
What size, with what rhymes, is the poem written? How does this affect the nature of poetry?
(The poem is written in iambic tetrameter. Rhymes are only masculine.) -
- Prove that the work is written in iambic tetrameter?
Both the poetic meter and the masculine meter, guys, help to retell the excitement of the narrator's speech (because we have a confession before us) and, in addition, gives masculinity, sharpness, beauty to the verses.
V. Fixing the material. Work with tests.
Now let's work on the computer. With the help of the test, we will check your knowledge of the assimilation of the material.
-Who wants to work with a computer?
So far 4 people are working on the computer (work on the CRAB test shell).
-Let's listen to the recitation of the episodes you like. (Reading by heart)
(Close test.)
VI. Summarizing.
Let's sum up our conversation. What did we talk about in class today?
(We talked about the fact that in the center of the poem is the image of a freedom-loving young man, whom he tells about his life and three happy days spent in the wild, about his dreams and desires.
Lermontov sympathizes with his hero, who did not have time to find a “native soul” in this world, was lonely, but did not put up with it.)
Let's go back to the epigraph of the lesson. Does this epigraph reveal the topic of the lesson?
VII. Homework.
Prepare for writing. Select material from the text of the poem by writing out quotes that characterize Mtsyri's love for life and nature, his thirst for exploits and struggle, his passionate desire for freedom and constant longing for his homeland and home.
Thanks a lot guys for the lesson. I really liked you today with your activity. I would especially like to note the answers ... You can be free.
Why Mtsyri says "But I argued in vain with fate." What does he call a dispute with fate? Examples of reasoning over the text of the chapter:
Mtsyri calls his dream a dispute with fate, because he dreamed of relatives, of the Motherland, of love. He dreamed about what it is useless to dream about in a monastery. But this is already in the past for him, which is why he says “Argued in vain”
Mtsyri at the end of his life says that he "argued in vain ... with fate." Why? Mtsyri calls his escape from the monastery a dispute with fate, the abyss, which he admired and was horrified by, a young Georgian woman, a fight with a leopard - all this was his dispute with the fate of a novice. But the hero argued with her, and does not regret it”
Numerous definitions of the theme of the poem "Mtsyri" are rational. Each of them complements the palette of Lermontov's poetic design.
A poem about a freedom-loving highlander who professes the Muslim faith and is dying far from his homeland in a Christian monastery. The poem expressed Lermontov's attitude to the Caucasian war and to the fate of young people of his generation. (A. V. Popov)
"Mtsyri" is a poem "about a young man deprived of his liberty and dying far from his homeland. This is a poem about a contemporary of Lermontov, about his peer, about fate the best people that time." (I. L. Andronikov)
In the poem "Mtsyri" "the problem of the struggle for moral values, human behavior, pride and beliefs, the problem of "proud faith in people and another life" is put forward. (B. Eikhenbaum)
Homeland and freedom are combined into one multi-valued symbol. For the sake of the Motherland, the hero is ready to give up paradise and eternity. The motive of the prisoner develops into the motive of doomed to loneliness. But this loneliness also cannot be the state of the hero - he must either "take a monastic vow", or, "taking a sip of freedom", die. These two lives are irreconcilable, and the choice is due to the "fiery passion" that lives in Mtsyri. All of these topics are reflected in Lermontov's poem. All of them lead the reader to understanding the inner world of the hero, his thoughts and feelings.
The revolutionary democrats were close to the rebellious pathos of the poem. Belinsky wrote that Mtsyri is "the favorite ideal of our poet, this is a reflection in the poetry of his shadow self. In everything that Mtsyri says, it breathes with his own spirit, strikes him with his own power. "According to N. P. Ogarev, Lermontov's Mtsyri is "his clearest or only ideal."
In the modern reading of "Mtsyri" it is not the rebellious pathos of the poem that is relevant at all, but its philosophical meaning. The natural environment, with which Mtsyri seeks to merge, opposes his monastic upbringing. Mtsyri is trying to jump over the abyss and return to a completely different cultural world, once dear and close to him. But breaking with the usual way of life is not so easy: Mtsyri is by no means a "natural person", he does not know how to navigate in the forest, in the midst of abundance he suffers from hunger.
The ideas of life and freedom permeate the artistic fabric of the work. An active, active attitude to life is affirmed, its fullness, achieved in the struggle for freedom, in fidelity to the ideal of freedom, even in the tragic conditions of defeat.
The nature of the conflict
The romantic conflict of the poem is set by the exclusivity of the protagonist. The flight of Mtsyri is a desire for will and freedom, an irresistible call of nature. Therefore, in the poem such a large place is occupied by references to the wind, birds, animals. Yes, and in Mtsyra himself, nature gives rise to primitive animal strength. Lermontov's contemporaries pointed to the unbridled passion of Mtsyri, tearing into a wide expanse, seized by "insane power", crying out "against all social concepts and full of hatred and contempt for them."
The conflict, characteristic of Lermontov's work, between the world view and direct perception of the surroundings is revealed. Mtsyra's kinship with free, spontaneous nature noticeably alienates him from the world of people, against the background of nature, the measure of the hero's loneliness is more deeply comprehended. Therefore, for Mtsyra, closeness to nature is an opportunity to find a family, a homeland, to return to the original sources. The tragedy of Mtsyra lies in the contradiction between the masculinity of his spirit and the weakness of his body.
Main heroes
Lermontov's poem with one hero. This is a young highlander, taken prisoner by a Russian general at the age of six (it means General A.P. Yermolov). His entire short life was spent within the walls of the monastery. "Life full of anxieties" contrasts Mtsyri with "life in captivity", "a wonderful world of anxieties and battles" - - "stuffy cells and prayers". He remains true to his ideals to the end. And this is his moral strength. The path to the Motherland, an attempt to find a "native soul" becomes the only opportunity for existence.
The image of Mtsyra is complex: he is both a rebel, and a stranger, and a fugitive, and a "natural person", and a spirit thirsty for knowledge, and an orphan who dreams of a home, and a young man entering a time of clashes and conflicts with the world. A feature of Mtsyri's character is an ironic combination of strict determination, powerful strength, strong will with exceptional gentleness, sincerity, lyricism in relation to the homeland.
