The earth is always in motion. Although it seems that we are standing motionless on the surface of the planet, it is constantly rotating around its axis and the Sun. This movement is not felt by us, as it resembles flying in an airplane. We are moving at the same speed as the plane, so we don't feel like we are moving at all.

At what speed does the earth rotate on its axis?

The earth rotates once on its axis every 24 hours. (to be precise, in 23 hours 56 minutes 4.09 seconds or 23.93 hours). Since the circumference of the Earth is 40075 km, any object at the equator rotates at a speed of approximately 1674 km per hour or approximately 465 meters (0.465 km) per second (40075 km divided by 23.93 hours and we get 1674 km per hour).

At (90 degrees north latitude) and (90 degrees south latitude), the speed is effectively zero because the pole points rotate at a very slow speed.

To determine speed at any other latitude, simply multiply the cosine of latitude by the planet's rotational speed at the equator (1674 km per hour). The cosine of 45 degrees is 0.7071, so multiply 0.7071 by 1674 km per hour and get 1183.7 km per hour.

The cosine of the required latitude is easy to determine using a calculator or look in the cosine table.

Earth rotation speed for other latitudes:

• 10 degrees: 0.9848×1674=1648.6 km per hour;
• 20 degrees: 0.9397×1674=1573.1 km per hour;
• 30 degrees: 0.866×1674=1449.7 km/h;
• 40 degrees: 0.766×1674=1282.3 km per hour;
• 50 degrees: 0.6428×1674=1076.0 km per hour;
• 60 degrees: 0.5×1674=837.0 km/h;
• 70 degrees: 0.342×1674=572.5 km per hour;
• 80 degrees: 0.1736×1674=290.6 km per hour.

Cyclic braking

Everything is cyclical, even the speed of rotation of our planet, which geophysicists can measure to within milliseconds. The Earth's rotation typically has five-year cycles of deceleration and acceleration, and the final year of the deceleration cycle is often correlated with a surge in earthquakes around the world.

Since 2018 is the latest in a slowdown cycle, scientists expect seismic activity to pick up this year. Correlation is not causation, but geologists are always looking for tools to try and predict when the next big earthquake will hit.

Oscillation of the earth's axis

The earth wobbles slightly as it rotates as its axis drifts at the poles. It has been observed that the drift of the earth's axis has accelerated since 2000, moving at a rate of 17 cm per year to the east. Scientists have found that the axis is still moving east instead of moving back and forth due to the combined effect of the melting of Greenland and, as well as the loss of water in Eurasia.

Axis drift is expected to be particularly sensitive to changes occurring at 45 degrees north and south latitude. This discovery led to the fact that scientists were finally able to answer the long-standing question of why the axis drifts at all. The wobble to the East or West was caused by dry or wet years in Eurasia.

How fast is the earth moving around the sun?

In addition to the speed of the Earth's rotation on its axis, our planet also revolves around the Sun at a speed of about 108,000 km per hour (or about 30 km per second), and completes its orbit around the Sun in 365,256 days.

It wasn't until the 16th century that people realized that the sun is the center of our solar system, and that the earth moves around it rather than being the stationary center of the universe.

No one doubts that "it still spins." But can anyone answer the question: why does she do it?

“There are seven hypotheses of the origin of the Earth and none of them is correct,” the professor told us at lectures on geography. In the same way, there are several answers to the question: “So why does the Earth spin?”

Remember the 6th grade geography textbook?

The fact that the Earth rotates around its axis was proved back in 1543 by the Polish scientist Nicolaus Copernicus. He observed the movement of celestial bodies, found all the necessary evidence and gave accurate mathematical calculations that the Earth makes one revolution around its axis per day.
The most common theory explains this rotation by the processes that took place at the time of the formation of the planets. Clouds of cosmic dust "clumped together", formed the embryos of the planets. Other more or less large cosmic bodies were attracted to these small planets. Collisions with these bodies could give rotation to future planets. And then the planets continue to rotate by inertia. The speed of the Earth's rotation is not constant - for reasons that are not fully understood, it can change in one direction or another for thousandths of a second.
What made the planet rotate on its axis? Time, wind and asymmetry. The future Earth was not originally so round. It accumulated mass in collisions and was therefore asymmetric. Due to its irregular shape, the planet became unstable like a top, and at the same time it experienced constant influence from the solar wind, solar radiation and protomatter (all the same dust, gas and particles) with which it continued to collide. These forces are small, but thousands and millions of years and the "displaced center of gravity" of the celestial body led to the fact that one day the Earth left the state of unstable equilibrium and the planet began to rotate. And not just rotate, but unwind under the influence of the same forces - the energy of the sun and protomatter.
Subsequently, the planets formed, took the form that they have now, but they continue their rotation, fueled by the energy of the Sun.
So it turns out that the Earth does not rotate by itself. She was "pushed" several billion years ago. And it still rotates by inertia.

Are you still wondering why the earth is spinning?

Another explanation for why the Earth rotates was recently voiced by Universe Today publisher Fraser Cain.
In one video, Fraser tells his theory in three minutes. According to him, it turns out that it's all about inertia and conservation of angular momentum. Each particle drifting in a vacuum has its own momentum. As soon as these atoms collide under the influence of the moment of attraction, their angular momentum adds up. And so all bodies in space, including the Earth, rotate. The planets have inherited motion from the rotation of the solar system as a whole.
Without any unbalanced forces affecting them, the Sun and planets rotate by inertia for a billion years. And they will keep spinning until they collide with something, billions or even trillions of years later. Well, are you still wondering why the earth is spinning? The Earth is spinning because it was formed in the accretion disk of a hydrogen cloud that collapsed due to mutual attraction and was supposed to conserve angular momentum. She continues to rotate by inertia. The reason everything spins in the same direction is due to the fact that all objects formed in the same solar nebula billions of years ago.
Perhaps this is where I will finish the retelling of hypotheses about why the Earth rotates. Because there is no clear one. All of them are just a weak attempt to explain the inexplicable.
Thank you for your attention.

The theory of the world as a geocentric system was repeatedly criticized and questioned in the old days. It is known that Galileo Galilei worked on the proof of this theory. It is to him that the phrase that went down in history belongs: “And yet it spins!”. But still, it was not he who managed to prove this, as many people think, but Nicolaus Copernicus, who in 1543 wrote a treatise on the movement of celestial bodies around the Sun. Surprisingly, despite all this evidence, about the circular motion of the Earth around a huge star, there are still open questions in theory about the reasons that prompt it to this movement.

Reasons for the move

The Middle Ages are over, when people considered our planet to be motionless, and no one disputes its movements. But the reasons why the Earth is heading on a path around the Sun are not known for certain. Three theories have been put forward:

• inert rotation;
• magnetic fields;
• exposure to solar radiation.

There are others, but they do not stand up to scrutiny. It is also interesting that the question: “In which direction does the Earth rotate around a huge celestial body?” Is also not correct enough. The answer to it has been received, but it is accurate only with respect to the generally accepted guideline.

The sun is a huge star around which life is concentrated in our planetary system. All these planets move around the Sun in their orbits. The earth moves in the third orbit. Studying the question: “In which direction does the Earth rotate in its orbit?”, Scientists have made many discoveries. They realized that the orbit itself is not ideal, so our green planet is located from the Sun at different points at different distances from each other. Therefore, an average value was calculated: 149,600,000 km.

The Earth is closest to the Sun on January 3rd and farther away on July 4th. The following concepts are associated with these phenomena: the smallest and largest temporary day in the year, in relation to the night. Studying the same question: “In which direction does the Earth rotate in its solar orbit?”, Scientists made one more conclusion: the process of circular motion occurs both along the orbit and around its own invisible rod (axis). Having made the discoveries of these two rotations, scientists asked questions not only about the causes of such phenomena, but also about the shape of the orbit, as well as the speed of rotation.

How did scientists determine in which direction the Earth rotates around the Sun in the planetary system?

The orbital picture of the planet Earth was described by a German astronomer and mathematician In his fundamental work New Astronomy, he calls the orbit elliptical.

All objects on the Earth's surface rotate with it, using conventional descriptions of the planetary picture of the solar system. It can be said that, observing from the north from space, to the question: “In which direction does the Earth rotate around the central luminary?”, The answer will be: “From west to east.”

Comparing with the movements of the hands in the clock - this is against its course. This point of view was accepted with regard to the North Star. The same will be seen by a person who is on the surface of the Earth from the side of the Northern Hemisphere. Having imagined himself on a ball moving around a fixed star, he will see his rotation from right to left. This is equivalent to going against the clock or from west to east.

earth axis

All this also applies to the answer to the question: “In which direction does the Earth rotate around its axis?” - in the opposite direction of the clock. But if you imagine yourself as an observer in the Southern Hemisphere, the picture will look different - on the contrary. But, realizing that in space there are no concepts of west and east, scientists pushed off from the earth's axis and the North Star, to which the axis is directed. This determined the generally accepted answer to the question: "In which direction does the Earth rotate around its axis and around the center of the solar system?". Accordingly, the Sun is shown in the morning from the horizon from the east, and is hidden from our eyes in the west. It is interesting that many people compare the earth's revolutions around its own invisible axial rod with the rotation of a top. But at the same time, the earth's axis is not visible and is somewhat tilted, and not vertical. All this is reflected in the shape of the globe and the elliptical orbit.

Sidereal and solar days

In addition to answering the question: “In which direction does the Earth rotate clockwise or counterclockwise?” Scientists calculated the time of revolution around its invisible axis. It is 24 hours. Interestingly, this is only an approximate number. In fact, a complete revolution is 4 minutes less (23 hours 56 minutes 4.1 seconds). This is the so-called star day. We consider a day on a solar day: 24 hours, since the Earth needs an additional 4 minutes every day in its planetary orbit to return to its place.

Why does the earth rotate on its axis? Why, in the presence of friction, did it not stop for millions of years (or maybe it stopped and rotated in the other direction more than once)? What determines continental drift? What is the cause of earthquakes? Why did dinosaurs become extinct? How to scientifically explain periods of glaciation? In what way or more precisely how to scientifically explain empirical astrology?Try to answer these questions in sequence.

Abstracts

1. The reason for the rotation of the planets around their axis is an external source of energy - the Sun.
2. The rotation mechanism is as follows:
   • The sun heats the gaseous and liquid phases of the planets (atmosphere and hydrosphere).
   • As a result of uneven heating, ‘air’ and ‘sea’ currents arise, which, through interaction with the solid phase of the planet, begin to spin it in one direction or another.
   • The configuration of the solid phase of the planet, like the blades of a turbine, determines the direction and speed of rotation.
3. If the solid phase is not sufficiently monolithic and solid, then it moves (continental drift).
4. The movement of the solid phase (continental drift) can lead to an acceleration or deceleration of rotation up to a change in the direction of rotation, etc. Oscillatory and other effects are possible.
5. In turn, the similarly displaced solid upper phase (the earth's crust) interacts with the underlying layers of the earth, which are more stable in terms of rotation. At the contact boundary, a large amount of energy is released in the form of heat. This thermal energy, apparently, is one of the main reasons for the heating of the Earth. And this border is one of the areas where the formation of rocks and minerals takes place.
6. All these accelerations and decelerations have a long-term effect (climate), and a short-term effect (weather), and not only meteorological, but also geological, biological, genetic.

Confirmations

The earthquake belt is nothing but a giant accordion, which is constantly in motion under the influence of tensile and compressive variable forces.

Following the winds and currents, it is possible to determine the points (areas) of application of untwisting and braking forces, and then using a pre-built mathematical model of the area, it is possible to calculate earthquakes mathematically strictly, according to the strength of the data!

The daily fluctuations of the Earth's magnetic field are explained, completely different explanations of geological and geophysical phenomena arise, additional facts arise for the analysis of hypotheses about the origin of the planets of the solar system.

The formation of such geological formations as island arcs, for example, the Aleutian or Kuril Islands, is being explained. Arcs are formed from the side opposite to the action of sea and wind forces, as a result of the interaction of a mobile continent (for example, Eurasia) with a less mobile oceanic crust (for example, the Pacific Ocean). In this case, the oceanic crust does not move under the mainland, but, on the contrary, the mainland moves towards the ocean, and only in those places where the oceanic crust transfers forces to another continent (in this example, America) can the oceanic crust move under the continent and arcs are not formed here. In turn, similarly, the American continent transfers efforts to the crust of the Atlantic Ocean and through it to Eurasia and Africa, i.e. the circle is closed.

This movement is confirmed by the block structure of the faults of the bottom of the Pacific and Atlantic oceans; movements occur in blocks along the direction of the forces.

Some facts are explained:

• why dinosaurs died out (changed, decreased rotation speed and significantly increased the length of the day, possibly until a complete change in the direction of rotation);
• why periods of glaciation occurred;
• why some plants have a different genetically determined daylight hours.

Through genetics, this empirically alchemical astrology is also explained.

Environmental problems associated with even slight climate change can significantly affect the Earth's biosphere through sea currents.

The power of solar radiation when approaching the Earth is huge ~ 1.5 kWh/m

In fact, even the sea surface does not correspond to the shape of the geoid. The shape that we see in the section is the same more or less balanced gravitational shape that the globe has reached.

There are also local deviations from the geoid. For example, the Gulf Stream rises 100-150 cm above the surrounding water surface, the Sargasso Sea is elevated and, conversely, the ocean level is lowered near the Bahamas and over the Puerto Rico Trench. The reason for these small differences is winds and currents. East trade winds drive water into the western part of the Atlantic. The Gulf Stream carries away this excess water, so its level is higher than that of the surrounding waters. The level of the Sargasso Sea is higher because it is the center of the circulation of currents and water is being driven into it from all sides.

Tectonic scheme and current system of the Atlantic Ocean.

1 - Gulf Stream, 2 and 3 - equatorial currents(North and South Trade Winds),4 - Antilles, 5 - Caribbean, 6 - Canary, 7 - Portuguese, 8 - North Atlantic, 9 - Irminger, 10 - Norwegian, 11 - East Greenland, 12 - West Greenland, 13 - Labrador, 14 - Guinean, 15 - Benguela, 16 - Brazilian, 17 - Falkland, 18 -Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC)

(according to laser satellite observations over the past 15 years)

As you know, the gene is more or less stable formation. To obtain mutations, significant external influences are necessary: ​​radiation (irradiation), chemical influence (poisoning), biological influence (infections and diseases). Thus, in the gene, as by analogy in the annual rings of plants, newly acquired mutations are fixed. This is especially known for the example of plants, there are plants with long and short daylight hours. And this already directly indicates the duration of the corresponding light period, when this species was formed.

.

Some hypotheses and conclusions arising from this theory of the Earth's rotation

In 1754, the German philosopher I. Kant explained the changes in the acceleration of the Moon's motion by the fact that the tidal humps formed by the Moon on the Earth, as a result of friction, are carried along with the solid body of the Earth in the direction of the Earth's rotation (see figure). The attraction of these humps by the Moon together gives a couple of forces that slow down the rotation of the Earth. Further, the mathematical theory of "secular deceleration" of the Earth's rotation was developed by J. Darwin.

From the point of view of this theory,if an alien civilization originated, it was not on Mars, but on Venus. And we should look not for the Martians, but for the descendants of the Venusians, which, perhaps, we are to some extent.

1. Ecology and climate

Thus, this theory refutes the idea of ​​a constant (zero) heat balance. In the balances known to me, there is no energy of earthquakes, continental drift, tides, heating of the Earth and the formation of rocks, maintaining the rotation of the Moon, biological life. (It turns out that biological life is one way of absorbing energy). It is known that the atmosphere for the production of wind uses less than 1% of the energy to maintain the system of currents. At the same time, out of the total amount of heat carried by currents, 100 times more can potentially be used. So this 100 times greater value and also wind energy are used unevenly in time for earthquakes, typhoons and hurricanes, continental drift, tides, warming up the Earth and the formation of rocks, maintaining the rotation of the Earth and the Moon, etc.

Environmental problems associated with even slight climate change due to changes in sea currents can significantly affect the Earth's biosphere. Any ill-considered (or deliberate in the interests of one nation) attempts to change the climate by turning the (Northern) rivers, laying canals (Kanin's nose), building dams across the straits, etc., due to the speed of implementation, in addition to direct benefits, will certainly lead to a change in the existing "seismic balance" in the earth's crust i.e. to the formation of new seismic zones.

In other words, one must first understand all the relationships, and then learn how to control the rotation of the Earth - this is one of the tasks for the further development of civilization.

P.S.

As noted above (see thesis No. 5), a large amount of energy is released in the form of heat at the contact boundary (Mohorovichich boundary). And this border is one of the areas where the formation of rocks and minerals takes place. The nature of the reactions (chemical or atomic, apparently even both) is unknown, but on the basis of some facts, the following conclusions can already be drawn.

1. V.A. Volynsky. "Astronomy". Education. Moscow. 1971
2. P.G. Kulikovsky. "Amateur's Guide to Astronomy". Fizmatgiz. Moscow. 1961
3. S. Alekseev. "How Mountains Grow" Chemistry and life of the XXI century №4. 1998 Marine Encyclopedic Dictionary. Shipbuilding. Saint Petersburg. 1993
4. Kukal "Great Mysteries of the Earth". Progress. Moscow. 1988
5. I.P. Selinov "Isotopes Volume III". The science. Moscow. 1970 "Rotation of the Earth" TSB volume 9. Moscow.
6. D. Tolmazin. "Ocean in motion" Gidrometeoizdat. 1976
7. A. N. Oleinikov “Geological clock“. Bosom. Moscow. 1987
8. G.S.Grinberg, D.A.Dolin and others. “The Arctic on the threshold of the third millennium“. The science. Saint Petersburg 2000

The earth rotates around an inclined axis from west to east. Half of the globe is illuminated by the sun, it is day there at this time, the other half is in the shade, there is night. Due to the rotation of the Earth, there is a change of day and night. The Earth makes one revolution around its axis in 24 hours - a day.

Due to rotation, moving streams (rivers, winds) in the northern hemisphere are deflected to the right, and in the southern hemisphere - to the left.

Rotation of the Earth around the Sun

The Earth revolves around the sun in a circular orbit, a complete revolution takes 1 year. The Earth's axis is not vertical, it is inclined at an angle of 66.5° to the orbit, this angle remains constant during the entire rotation. The main consequence of this rotation is the change of seasons.

Consider the rotation of the Earth around the Sun.

• December 22- winter solstice. Closest to the sun (the sun is at its zenith) at this moment is the southern tropic - therefore, summer is in the southern hemisphere, winter is in the northern hemisphere. The nights in the southern hemisphere are short, at the southern polar circle on December 22 the day lasts 24 hours, the night does not come. In the Northern Hemisphere, the opposite is true; in the Arctic Circle, the night lasts 24 hours.
• 22nd of June- the day of the summer solstice. The northern tropic is closest to the sun, in the northern hemisphere it is summer, in the southern hemisphere it is winter. In the southern polar circle, night lasts 24 hours, and in the northern polar circle, night does not come at all.
• March 21, September 23- the days of the spring and autumn equinoxes. The equator is closest to the sun, the day is equal to the night in both hemispheres.