Deputy General Director of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Scientific and Production Center for Automation and Instrumentation named after Academician N.A. Pilyugin, director of the Zvezda plant branch of OS Solnechny, Tver region. Honored Mechanical Engineer of the Russian Federation,
Mikhail Andreevich Volkov was born on May 17, 1953 in the Tver region. In 1991 he graduated from the Moscow Institute of Radio Engineering, Electronics and Automation. He has been working at the Zvezda enterprise since 1972, having gone from a repairman to a general director.
Since 2008, he has been appointed Deputy General Director of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise “NPTs AP im. Academician N.A. Pilyugin" director of the branch "Plant" Zvezda ".
M.A. Volkov is the head of the only Russian production of gyroscopes for ACS RKK.
M.A. Volkov made a significant contribution to the development, testing and launch of production of gyroscopic instruments for the RKK self-propelled guns: Soyuz, Proton, Buran, Zenit, Topol, Angara, etc., as well as in the creation of composite materials replacing beryllium.
He is the author of 5 scientific papers.

Degtyarev Alexander Viktorovich

General Designer-General Director of the State Enterprise "Design Bureau" Yuzhnoye "named after. M.K. Yangel, Honored Worker of the Space Industry of Ukraine, Honored Mechanical Engineer of Ukraine, laureate of the State Prize of Ukraine in the field of science and technology, awarded the Order of Merit, III degree.
Alexander Viktorovich Degtyarev was born on October 31, 1951 in the Kirov region.
A.V. Degtyarev began his career at the Yuzhnoye Design Bureau in 1975, where he rose from engineer to general designer-general director.
Working from 1975 to 1992 in the head design complex, A.V. Degtyarev was directly involved in the development of missile systems based on missiles 15A15, 15A18, 15A18M, 15Zh60, 15Zh61, etc.
Since 1992, Alexander Viktorovich has headed the Marketing and Commercial Activities Department, and since 1999, he has been Deputy General Designer-General Director for Foreign Economic Activity of the enterprise. With his direct participation, contracts were prepared and concluded with enterprises of the Russian Federation, France, USA, Italy, Germany, Great Britain, etc.
One of the important international space projects, both for Ukraine and for the Russian Federation, is Sea Launch, in the development of which the creative approach and high business qualities of A.V. Degtyarev. He also took an active part in the preparation and implementation of launches of the Zenit-3SL rocket and space carrier.
A.V. Degtyarev is the author of 38 inventions. In 2005, he was elected an academician of the International Academy of Cosmonautics.

Zamirets Nikolay Vasilievich

General Director-Chief Designer of the State Enterprise "Research Technological Institute of Instrument Engineering" (Kharkov), Doctor of Technical Sciences, Professor. He was awarded the Order of the Badge of Honor, medals "For Military Valor" and "50 Years of the Armed Forces". Corresponding member of the Engineering Academy of Ukraine, full member of the International Informatization Academy. Academician of the Academy of Communications of Ukraine. "Honored Worker of Science and Technology of Ukraine". "Veteran of the space industry of Ukraine".
Nikolai Vasilyevich Zamirets was born on December 3, 1943 in the Kharkov region. He graduated from the Kharkov Aviation Institute in 1967. From 1967 to 1970 he served in military unit 63916 of the Red Banner Pacific Fleet in Vladivostok. In 1967 and from 1971 to the present, he has been working at the State Enterprise "Scientific Research Technological Institute of Instrument Engineering" in Kharkov, where he rose from engineer to director, and since 2007 - General Director-Chief Designer of the State Enterprise "Scientific -Research Technological Institute of Instrumentation.
Nikolai Vasilyevich Zamirets made a significant contribution to the theory of automation of technological processes and production. He participated in the development of 8 software-automated lines, more than 40 types of software-automated technological equipment, as well as in testing for manufacturability of more than 30 products and systems, such as 11F35, 15A18M, 3M15, 80U6, TA977, etc. Directly participated in the development and creation of solar batteries for SC MS5MF2, SC KS5MF4, SC "EgyptSat-1".
N.V. Zamirets is the author of the monograph "Production Automation Systems". He has published more than 120 scientific papers and received 19 copyright certificates for inventions.

Kachanov Evgeny Sergeevich

Director of the Kaluga Research Radio Engineering Institute (FGUP "KNIRTI"). Chief designer of the direction of the Russian Technologies State Corporation. He was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, the medal "300 Years of the Russian Navy" and others, laureate of the State Prize of the USSR and the Ukrainian SSR, diploma winner of the competition for the State Prize of the Russian Federation named after Marshal of the Soviet Union G.K. Zhukov in the field of weapons and military equipment. For merits in the development of special equipment and in connection with the 50th anniversary of the founding of FSUE "KNIRTI" in 2007, E.S. Kachanov was awarded the Order of Honor.
E.S. Kachanov was born on June 13, 1938 in Donetsk. In 1961 he graduated from the Moscow Power Engineering Institute. After graduating from the institute, he was sent to work at the Kaluga Research Radio Engineering Institute.
During his work at the institute from 1961 to the present, E.S. Kachanov held the positions of engineer, senior engineer, lead designer, head of laboratory, chief engineer, head of department. In 1989 E.S. Kachanov was elected director of the institute by a meeting of the labor collective of the institute. At present, FSUE KNIRTI has been designated as the leading research organization of the military-industrial complex in the direction of "Systems and means of electronic warfare".
Works by E.S. Kachanov in the field of multibeam antennas and antenna arrays have become fundamental in the progressive development of electronic warfare. The proposed solution to the problem of decoupling between antennas on small objects served as the basis for the development of a whole series of powerful EW helicopter stations.
In recent years, the scientific and practical areas of work of Kachanova E.S. associated with the development of promising electronic warfare equipment for equipping aircraft of the SU series.
Candidate of Technical Sciences. He has 22 copyright certificates for inventions in the field of radio engineering.

Kolmykov Vladimir Afanasyevich

General Director of OJSC Krasnoyarsk Machine-Building Plant, laureate of the Russian Government Prize, Honored Mechanical Engineer of the Russian Federation. Awarded with the medal of the Order "For Services to the Fatherland" II degree, deputy of the Krasnoyarsk City Council.
V.A. Kolmykov was born on June 1, 1957 in the Altai Territory. In 1988 he graduated from the technical college of the Krasnoyarsk Polytechnic Institute. He has been working at the Krasnoyarsk Machine-Building Plant since 1978, where he worked his way up from a tool shop grinder to the General Director. Participated in the development and production of on-board and propulsion automation units for sea-based ballistic missiles.
July 13, 1932 is considered to be the date of birth of Krasnoyarsk Machine-Building Plant OJSC. In February 1958, a decision was made to reconstruct the plant for the production of rocket and space technology.
In 1964, the plant began to master the launch vehicle 11K65 developed by OKB-10, under the leadership of M.F. Reshetnev. The rocket was produced by the plant until 1971. In 1965, the plant began to cooperate with SKB-385, led by V.P. Makeev, on the creation of domestic sea-based ballistic missiles. From 1965 to 1988, the plant, together with SKB-385 (later - the GRC named after V.P. Makeev), worked out and put into mass production four types of ballistic missiles for submarines. Since 1989, the plant began to produce basic modules for upper stages of launch vehicles "Proton" and "Zenith-3SL" (sea launch).
A confirmation of the high reliability of rocket technology products manufactured by JSC Krasmash was the successful salvo firing of RSM-50 and RSM-54 missiles, carried out in 2010 and 2011 by the crews of submarines of the Northern and Pacific Fleets.
V.A. Kolmykov - candidate of technical sciences, professor. He is the author of 56 scientific papers and inventions, including 5 monographs, a member of the Academic Council of the Siberian State Aerospace University named after M.F. Reshetnev.

Korlyakov Vadim Vasilievich

First Deputy General Director - Executive Director of JSC All-Russian Research Institute of Radio Engineering, JSC Air Defense Concern Almaz-Antey (Moscow). V.V. Korlyakov was awarded the Order of Honor, medals "For Valiant Labor", "For Labor Valor", "Veteran of Labor", "In Commemoration of the 850th Anniversary of Moscow", and the badge "Honorary Radio Operator".
Vadim Vasilyevich Korlyakov was born on May 24, 1937 in Moscow. In 1957 he graduated from the Armavir Military Aviation School for Pilots and the All-Union Correspondence Energy Institute. At the enterprises of the defense complex V.V. Korlyakov has been working since 1960, during which time he has gone from a technician to the general director of one of the main enterprises in the industry that develops radar equipment.
All labor activity of V.V. Korlyakova is devoted to the creation of special-purpose electronic equipment in the interests of strengthening the country's defense capability.
With direct personal participation and under the guidance of V.V. Korlyakov developed a number of unified functional units of discrete technology, which formed the basis for the creation of equipment for a number of important developments, including those put into service.
V.V. Korlyakov directly supervises the development of an integrated quality management system for research and development work, the creation of a regulatory framework and the introduction of new methods of organization and planning. V.V. Korlyakov personally carries out the organization of work on the manufacture and testing of the main components of prototypes of radar stations. Under his leadership, a number of complex stands were created that provide verification of the tactical and technical characteristics of radars.
Contribution of V.V. Korlyakov in the development, operation and maintenance of weapons and military equipment was awarded state and industry awards.

Malkevich Vladislav Leonidovich

The General Director of ZAO Expocentre, Doctor of Economics, has government awards: the Order of Lenin, the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, the Order of Friendship of Peoples, the Medal "For Labor Valor", the Order "For Merit to the Fatherland" IV degree, the Badge of the Order of St. Alexander Nevsky " For Works and Fatherland”, Order of St. Prince Daniel of Moscow, International Award “Queen Victoria”, International Award “Socrates” in the nomination “Economics and Business”.
Malkevich Vladislav Leonidovich was born on June 30, 1936, in the Donetsk region. In 1959 he graduated from the Moscow Power Engineering Institute, and in 1978 from the All-Union Academy of Foreign Trade.
From 1959 to 1971, he worked in the system of the USSR Ministry of Radio Industry, where he rose from an engineer at the Radiopribor plant to chief engineer - deputy director of the Central Research Technological Institute of the USSR Ministry of Radio Industry.
From 1971 to 1983 he worked as the head of the Technical Directorate, the Main Engineering and Technical Directorate of the USSR of the USSR Ministry of Foreign Trade, from 1983 to 1986 - Deputy Minister of Foreign Trade of the USSR, from 1986 to 1988 - First Deputy Minister of Foreign Trade of the USSR. In this position, he coordinated the work of the Ministry of Foreign Trade of the USSR with the Military Industrial Commission of the country, as well as other ministries and departments. In 1988, on the recommendation of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR, he was elected Chairman of the Presidium of the USSR Chamber of Commerce and Industry and President of the Union of Russian Chambers of Commerce and Industry. By a special resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers of the USSR, this structure was equated with the union ministry, and its head - with the minister of the USSR. Directly supervised the creation of a system of chambers of commerce and industry in Russia.
In 1998, immediately after the default, he headed the Russian Federal Service for Currency and Export Control (VEK) in the government of E.M. Primakov. Managing Director of CB Alba Alliance (2000-2002).
In 2002, he was elected General Director of the Central Exhibition Complex "Expocentre" of the system of the Chamber of Commerce and Industry of the Russian Federation.
One of the main priorities of Expocentre, along with exhibitions, is a dynamically developing congress activity. At the expense of Expocentre, a Temple in the name of St. Seraphim of Sarov was built on Krasnopresnenskaya Embankment, the exhibition of folk crafts "Ladya", the International Film Festival "Golden Knight", the national choreographic ensemble "Kostroma" are regularly supported.
Malkevich V.L. author of more than 120 publications on the technology of production of radio equipment, foreign economic relations, the exhibition and congress industry, incl. monograph “East-West: Economic cooperation. Technological exchange.

Nesterov Vladimir Evgenievich

General Director of the State Space Research and Production Center named after V.I. M.V. Khrunichev. He was awarded the Order of the Red Star, the Order of Honor, the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, 4th class, and the medal of the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, 2nd class. In addition, he was awarded the Order of the Russian Orthodox Church "St. Sergius of Radonezh" III degree and the Order of Ukraine "For Merit" III degree. Awarded with the Honorary Diploma of the Government of the Russian Federation. Laureate of the State Prize of the Russian Federation, laureate of the Prize of the Government of the Russian Federation in the field of science and technology.
V.E. Nesterov was born on July 1, 1949 in the Vologda region. In 1972 he graduated from the Moscow Aviation Institute. S. Ordzhonikidze, in 1978 - the Military Academy. F.E. Dzerzhinsky. Candidate of Technical Sciences.
Since 1972, he served in various positions in the Armed Forces. From 1992 to 1999, he was Deputy Head of the Launch Vehicles and Ground Space Infrastructure Department of the Russian Space Agency. After the transformation of the Russian space agency into an aerospace agency, for a year he was deputy head of the Department of Launch Vehicles and Ground-based Space Infrastructure of the Russian Aviation and Space Agency.
From 2000 to 2004 - Head of the Department of Launch Vehicles and Ground-based Space Infrastructure - Member of the Board of the Russian Aviation and Space Agency.
From 2004 to November 25, 2005 - Head of the Department of Launch Vehicles, Ground Space Infrastructure and Cooperation Relations, Member of the Board of the Federal Space Agency.
On November 25, 2005, by order of the President of the Russian Federation No. 569 / rp, he was appointed General Director of the State Space Research and Production Center named after. M.V. Khrunichev.
V. E. NESTEROV took a direct part in the creation of the Energia-Buran reusable space system, the Zenit, Soyuz-2, Proton-M space rocket systems, the Breeze-M and Fregat booster complexes. Participated in more than 500 launches of various types of space launch vehicles.

Roy Yuri Arsentievich

General Director of OJSC "Scientific and Production Corporation "Systems of Precision Instrumentation", winner of the Prize of the Government of the Russian Federation for science and technology. He was awarded the Order of Friendship, the medal "In memory of the 850th anniversary of Moscow."
Yu.A. Roy was born on March 11, 1948 in the Vinnitsa region. In 1975 he graduated from the Moscow Electrotechnical Institute of Communications. Since 1972, he worked at the Federal State Unitary Enterprise RNII of Space Instrumentation, since 1998 - at the Federal State Unitary Enterprise Research Institute of Precision Instrumentation, where he rose from Deputy Head of Department to Director General.
Federal State Unitary Enterprise "NII PP" is engaged in the development of systems for the optical (ultraviolet, visible and infrared) wavelength range for space (airborne and ground), polygon (species and combined arms), ship, aviation, measuring and communication systems. During their development, several key technologies are used based on the use of laser transmitters, receiving and transmitting optical systems, laser retroreflectors, photodetectors, high-precision (precision) guidance systems, which play an important role in all optical range systems.
The enterprise is a key organization for the creation of quantum optical systems for rocket, space and aviation technology.
Yuri Arsentievich Roy made a significant contribution to the development of quantum optical systems. With his participation, the Lunokhod-2 laser direction finding equipment was developed, the Sazhen-S quantum-optical systems were introduced into GLONASS, and the Maidanak high-mountain astro-laser measuring complex was created.
Yu.A. Roy Candidate of Technical Sciences, author of more than 30 scientific papers, full member of the RACC them. K.E. Tsiolkovsky.

Sasin Yury Evgenievich

First Deputy General Director for Economics and Finance of OAO Design Bureau of Chemical Automation.
Sasin Yury Evgenievich was born on May 25, 1961 in Voronezh. In 1983 he graduated from the Voronezh Polytechnic Institute. From 1983 to the present, he has been working at JSC "Design Bureau of Chemical Automation", where he worked his way up from an engineer to the first deputy general director for economics and finance.
In 1997 he graduated from the Academy of National Economy under the Government of the Russian Federation. Candidate of Economic Sciences. Yu.E. Sasin carried out a structural reorganization of the financial and economic service of the enterprise. Under his leadership, programs for the financial recovery of JSC KBKhA have been developed and are being implemented, the implementation of which ensures the stabilization of its financial and economic condition.
KBHA is a research and production association that carries out a full cycle of creating liquid rocket engines for missiles for defense, scientific and national economic purposes, manufacturing science-intensive high-tech conversion products, including:
- design complex;
- plant of rocket engines;
- test complex;
- centralized management and support services.
KBHA cooperates in the field of rocket engines with firms from the USA, France, Germany, Italy.

Savinykh Viktor Petrovich

Soviet cosmonaut, doctor of technical sciences, professor, corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, laureate of the State Prizes of the USSR and the Russian Federation, rector in 1988-2007, since 2007 - president of the Moscow State University of Geodesy and Cartography (MIIGAiK).
Twice Hero of the Soviet Union, Order of Merit for the Fatherland II, III, IV degrees, Order of Honor, three Orders of Lenin. Medals "300 years of the Russian fleet", "In memory of the 850th anniversary of Moscow", Hero of the MPR, Order of Sukhbaatar (MPR), Hero of the PRB, Order of Georgy Dimitrov, Order of the Balkan Mountains (Bulgaria), Order of Military Glory of the Syrian Arab Republic (SAR), Two Orders of Friendship (SAR), State Prize of the Russian Federation in 1996 in the field of science and technology, State Prize of the USSR, Prize of the President of the Russian Federation in the field of education for 2002 Pilot-cosmonaut of the USSR, Honored Master of Sports of the USSR, Gold medal named after K.E. Tsiolkovsky Academy of Sciences of the USSR. In 2007, in the city of Kirov, near the Museum of Tsiolkovsky, Aviation and Cosmonautics, a monument was erected to Viktor Petrovich during his lifetime. Honorary citizen of the cities of Kaluga, Perm, Kirov, Dzhezkazgan (Kazakhstan), Ulan Bator, Darkhan (Mongolia).
Honorary citizen of the Kirov region.
Born March 7, 1940 in the Kirov region. In 1969 he graduated from the Faculty of Optics and Mechanics of MIIGAiK. After graduation, he worked in a design bureau. In the cosmonaut corps since 1978.
Participated in three space flights on the Salyut-6, Salyut-7 and Mir orbital stations. The total flight time is 252 days, 17 hours, 37 minutes and 50 seconds. 50th cosmonaut of the USSR and 100th - Earth.
In 1988 he was elected rector of MIIGAiK. Author of a number of textbooks and monographs, articles on remote sensing of the Earth from space, as well as popular science books about space. Member of the Writers' Union. President of the Association of Russian Universities. Editor-in-Chief of the socio-political and popular science magazine "Russian Space".

Shafranov Viktor Mikhailovich

Assistant to the General Director of OJSC KBSM, laureate of the State Prize of the USSR, Honorary Railway Worker, awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor and Honor.
Shafranov Viktor Mikhailovich was born on January 4, 1937 in Leningrad. In 1960 he graduated from the Leningrad Mechanical Institute. Since 1960, he has been working at KBSM, where he has gone from engineer to deputy general director - chief engineer of the enterprise.
With his direct participation, four generations of strategic missile systems from Sheksna to SS-18 were developed, tested and put into operation.
Being the deputy chief designer in the creation of the unique complex BZHRK 961 and the points of permanent deployment of the BZHRK, directly participating in the work of the State Commission, the Council of Chief Designers, V.M. Shafranov made fundamental technical decisions. For the creation of the BZHRK V.M. Shafranov was awarded the State Prize of the USSR. As the chief designer of the technical complex, he made a great contribution to the creation of the Topol-M missile system.
In recent years, the KBSM has created: an experimental combat launch position at the Plesetsk training ground, silos and technical positions of the Topol-M complex, ship launchers of the Club complex with a vertical launch, and other military and civilian systems.
Under the conditions of conversion V.M. Shafranov actively dealt with the problem of using SS-18 missiles taken off combat duty to launch spacecraft under the Dnepr program.
Shafranov V.M. is a well-known specialist in the industry in the development, organization and testing and warranty supervision of rocket and space technology. Author of a number of inventions.

Laser and radio-optical systems for transmission of broadband information of space and ground-based
- Laser airborne rangefinders for determining the exact scale of topographic images of the Earth's surface or other space objects
- Laser systems for measuring the rendezvous parameters of spacecraft, including those for docking transport and manned spacecraft
- Optical-location systems for detecting and determining the coordinates of objects for aviation equipment
- Space systems for registering coordinates and parameters of global environmental disasters and emergencies
- Optical-laser systems for precision measurements of motion parameters of space objects and their signal characteristics for the Russian network of ground-based quantum-optical stations
- Ground-based quantum-optical systems for obtaining multi-parameter non-coordinate information about any specially controlled, as well as emergency spacecraft for the purpose of their identification, status control and cataloging in the interests of the SKKP and the Unified State National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
- Quantum-optical systems of the visible and infrared ranges for field testing and certification of aviation equipment
- Ground-based quantum-optical complexes for environmental monitoring and control of the content of harmful substances in the atmosphere, in particular during man-made accidents or military operations

Contact faces

General Director - Roy Yuri Arsentievich
First Deputy General Director, General Designer - Shargorodsky Viktor Daniilovich

Projects

Creation of a unified inter-satellite laser information transmission system
- Research on the creation of an inter-satellite laser navigation and communication system (MLNSS) for the promising global system Glonass
- Development of a complex of equipment for optical atmospheric communication lines for the basic complex of technical means of a digital territorial communication system
- Creation of the Russian laser network and the Altai Optical Laser Center
- Development of a subsystem for collecting, analyzing and pre-processing information from domestic and foreign sources of information and presenting results to organizations, objects and private consumers (within the GLONASS system)
- Creation of a complex of optoelectronic means for measuring the motion parameters of test objects in the active, transitional and descending (atmospheric) sections of their flight trajectory, as well as the signal characteristics of test objects
- Development of a unified small-sized transportable SBS for precision measurements of spacecraft motion parameters
- Development of a system for high-precision determination of ephemeris and time corrections GLONASS

Historical reference:

JSC "Research Corporation "Systems of Precision Instrumentation" was established on the basis of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Research Institute of Precision Instrumentation", established by government decree on January 27, 1986.
The basis of the research and design staff of the institute was the team of the laser department of the RNII KP, which was later transformed into the state unitary enterprise "Quantum-optical systems" with the transfer of production areas of about 30,000 square meters with the corresponding property.
By order of the Ministry of State Property of Russia dated October 13, 1998 No. 1318-r, the state unitary enterprise "Quantum-optical systems" was attached to the Research Institute of PP.
By order of the Director General of the Russian Aviation and Space Agency dated December 3, 2001 No. 142, agreed with the Russian Ministry of Defense, FSUE "NII PP" was determined to be the lead organization for the development of quantum optical systems and their implementation in rocket and space and aviation complexes of the military and social economic purpose, as well as international cooperation in this field of technology. By the same order, Viktor Daniilovich Shargorodsky, Chief Designer of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "NII PP", was appointed General Designer of quantum optical systems for rocket, space and aviation technology. In February 2004, FSUE "NII PP" received the status of the Federal Research and Production Center. A little later, in August 2004, by Decree of the President of the Russian Federation No. 1009, the Federal State Unitary Enterprise "Research Institute of Precision Instrumentation" was included in the list of strategic enterprises of the country. OJSC NPK SPP By Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of October 20, 2007 No. 1391 "On the Open Joint Stock Company "Scientific and Production Corporation "Systems of Precision Instrumentation", the proposal of the Government of the Russian Federation on the transformation of FSUE "NII PP" into the Open Joint Stock Company "Scientific and Production Corporation "Systems of Precision Instrumentation" (JSC "NPK" SPP "), 100 percent of whose shares are federally owned.
On October 16, 2009, FSUE "NII PP" was reorganized into OAO "NPK" SPP ".
Since August 2015 JSC NPK SPP has been transformed into JSC NPK SPP.
The enterprise carries out a full cycle of a specialized process for creating quantum optical systems. The enterprise includes research and development departments, including design departments, a pilot plant, a test bench base, and four out-of-town branches, which makes it possible to use the scientific, technical and production potential of the regions for the creation and testing of WWTF:
- Branch in the city of Veliky Novgorod develops and manufactures video surveillance and information recording systems for aviation, television receivers for optical-location systems for viewing, detecting and tracking objects in air and outer space;
- The branch "Institute of Laser Physics" in St. Petersburg develops and supplies on-board and ground emitters for space and aviation WWTP;
- The branch "Altai optical laser center", located in the Zmeinogorodsky district of the Altai Territory, provides testing, technical readiness, modernization and operation of the Altai optical laser center;
- The branch "Station of optical observations "Arkhyz" carries out full-scale testing of optical-laser means for observing space objects and obtaining high-precision trajectory measurements.

Participation in associations

The International Association of Participants in Space Activities is an association of enterprises that carry out and provide space activities in order to expand their economic cooperation, join forces in the implementation of joint projects, promote products and services on world markets, protect the rights of members of the Association, represent their interests in government and other bodies, in international organizations. MACD was founded on September 12, 2005, and currently unites more than 70 enterprises of the rocket and space industry and organizations that promote the development of space activities.

Companies in the group: 11

Changes in information about the airline Research and Production Corporation "Systems of Precision Instrumentation" were made: 08/06/2019. You can supplement the posted information or make changes to it by contacting the AviaPort agency.

Nikita Khrushchev at the UN (was there a shoe?)

As you know, history develops in a spiral. This fully applies to the history of the United Nations. For more than half a century of its existence, the UN has undergone many changes. Created in the wake of the euphoria of the victory over Nazi Germany, the Organization set itself bold and in many respects utopian tasks.

But time puts a lot in its place. And the hopes for creating a world without wars, poverty, hunger, lack of rights and inequality were replaced by a persistent confrontation between the two systems.

Natalia Terekhova tells about one of the most striking episodes of that time, the famous “Khrushchev’s shoe”.

REPORTAGE:

On October 12, 1960, the most stormy meeting of the General Assembly in the history of the United Nations was held. On this day, the delegation of the Soviet Union, headed by Nikita Sergeevich Khrushchev, submitted for consideration a draft resolution on granting independence to colonial countries and peoples.

Nikita Sergeevich delivered his usual emotional speech, which abounded in exclamation marks. In his speech, Khrushchev, not sparing expressions, denounced and stigmatized colonialism and the colonialists.

After Khrushchev, the representative of the Philippines rose to the rostrum of the General Assembly. He spoke from the position of a country that experienced all the hardships of colonialism and, after many years of liberation struggle, achieved independence: “In our opinion, the declaration proposed by the Soviet Union should have covered and provided for the inalienable right to independence not only of the peoples and territories that still remain ruled by the Western colonial powers, but also by the peoples of Eastern Europe and other areas deprived of the opportunity to freely exercise their civil and political rights and, so to speak, swallowed up by the Soviet Union.

Listening to the simultaneous translation, Khrushchev exploded. After consulting with Gromyko, he decided to ask the Chairman to speak on a point of order. Nikita Sergeevich raised his hand, but no one paid any attention to him.

The famous foreign ministry translator Viktor Sukhodrev, who often accompanied Nikita Sergeevich on trips, told about what happened next in his memoirs: “Khrushchev liked to take his watch off his hand and turn it around. At the UN, he began banging his fists on the table in protest at the Filipino's speech. In his hand was a watch, which simply stopped.

And then Khrushchev angrily took off his shoe, or rather, an open wicker sandal, and began to knock on the table with his heel.

This was the moment that went down in world history as the famous "Khrushchev's boot". Nothing like the hall of the UN General Assembly has not yet seen. The sensation was born right before our eyes.

And finally, the head of the Soviet delegation was given the floor:
“I protest against the unequal treatment of the representatives of the states sitting here. Why is this lackey of American imperialism coming forward? It affects the issue, it does not affect the procedural issue! And the Chairman, who sympathizes with this colonial rule, he does not stop it! Is it fair? Lord! Mr Chairman! We live on earth not by the grace of God and not by your grace, but by the strength and intelligence of our great people of the Soviet Union and all peoples who are fighting for their independence.

It must be said that in the middle of Khrushchev's speech, the simultaneous translation was interrupted, as the interpreters frantically searched for an analogue of the Russian word "kholuy". Finally, after a long pause, the English word "jerk" was found, which has a wide range of meanings - from "fool" to "bastard". Western reporters who covered events at the UN in those years had to work hard until they found an explanatory dictionary of the Russian language and understood the meaning of Khrushchev's metaphor.