The problem of the relationship between fathers and children in literature is not a new topic. However, Turgenev was the first to create the image of an advanced man of his time. The writer treats the protagonist of the work "Fathers and Sons" ambiguously.

Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov and Bazarov are representatives of different generations. Let's try to compare and analyze in what aspects these two characters differ.

The writer about the work

Of his novel, Turgenev says that it is directed against the aristocracy, which was considered an advanced class in Russia.

Bazarov and Kirsanov are two characters whose opposition of views formed the basis of the plot of the work. The specifics of the worldview and position in society of these heroes can be presented in the form of a table. This form allows you to see the main aspects of their contradictions most clearly.

Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich. Comparative characteristics. Table

Attitude towards the aristocracy

Kirsanov believes that the aristocracy is the key driving force. The ideal, in his opinion, is a constitutional monarchy, which can be achieved through liberal reforms.

Bazarov notes the inability of the aristocrats to act, they cannot be useful, unable to lead Russia to the future.

This is how Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich treat the aristocracy. (table presented above) reflects this, gives an idea of ​​how different their understanding of what is the driving force of the development of society.

Attitude towards nihilism

The next question, on which the two heroes argue, concerns nihilism, its role in the life of society.

Pavel Petrovich defines the representatives of this worldview as impudent and cynics who do not respect and do not recognize anything. He is glad that there are few of them in society.

Nihilists note the need for revolutionary change. Bazarov believes that the people are ignorant, but revolutionary in spirit. Eugene sees the point only in what is useful, he does not consider it necessary to speak big words.

That is how Pavel Petrovich is looked at. A comparative characteristic (the table is available in the article) reflects the moment, shows how different the attitude of the characters to this worldview position is.

Attitude towards ordinary people

Pavel Petrovich is far from the people, while being touched by patriarchy and religiosity. Bazarov considers the peasants dark, ignorant, ignorant of their rights.

Kirsanov believes that the life of ordinary people according to the orders established by great-grandfathers is correct. Bazarov despises the ignorance of the peasants.

Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov (the table captures this moment) differently perceive the position of the common people in society.

By origin, Eugene is closer to ordinary people. He is a rogue. Consequently, he understands the peasants more. Pavel Petrovich comes from a noble family, he is absolutely far from understanding the life of ordinary people. What Kirsanov considers faith, Bazarov calls superstition.

A compromise between these heroes is impossible, which is confirmed by the duel between Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich.

Attitude towards art, nature

The views of Bazarov and Kirsanov differ even in the perception of art. They are different from nature. According to Bazarov, reading fiction is an empty business, and he evaluates nature exclusively as a resource. Kirsanov is the complete opposite of him. He, on the contrary, loves the world around him, art, music.

Bazarov believes that it is necessary to rely in life only on personal experience and feelings. Proceeding from this, he denies art, since it is only a generalized and figurative understanding of experience, distracting from the case. He denies world achievements of culture.

So Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich look at nature and art differently. A comparative characteristic (the table shows this) once again shows the practicality of Evgeny's views.

Biography of heroes, attitude to life

Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov and Bazarov are two opposite characters. The author makes this clear to us. Kirsanov hated Yevgeny for showing Pavel Petrovich the futility of his existence. Before meeting him, Kirsanov believed that he was noble and worthy of respect. When Evgeny appears, Pavel Petrovich comes to the realization of the emptiness and meaninglessness of his own life.

Kirsanov is undoubtedly a worthy representative of the nobility. He is the son of a general, an officer who has wasted the best years of his life in an effort to win the woman he loves. Senior Kirsanov, of course, is honest, decent, loves his family.

Turgenev notes that by describing the best representatives of the nobility in the novel, he wanted to emphasize the failure and hopelessness of this class.

Bazarov's parents are very pious people. His father is a zemstvo doctor, his mother, as the author writes about her, should have been born two hundred years ago.

In his own way, Bazarov is a raznochinets who loves work. He is a man with a strong mind and character, who raised himself.

Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov (the table clearly reflects this) are two completely different people in terms of their views and origins.

In the novel "Fathers and Sons" the author contrasts two very striking characters. Pavel Petrovich's convictions characterize him as a representative of the past. Bazarov's views are too advanced and progressive, extremely materialistic, which may be the reason for the death of this hero at the end of the work.

The title of Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons" very accurately reflects the main conflict of the work. The writer raises a layer of cultural, family, romantic, platonic and friendly topics, but the relations of two generations - older and younger - come to the fore. The dispute between Bazarov and Kirsanov is a vivid example of this confrontation. The historical background for ideological conflicts was the middle of the 19th century, the time before the abolition of serfdom in the Russian Empire. At the same time, liberals and revolutionary democrats clashed head-on. We will consider the details and outcome of the controversy using the example of our heroes.

The central conflict of the novel "Fathers and Sons" is the dispute between Bazarov and Kirsanov

It is a mistake to believe that the essence of the work "Fathers and Sons" is reduced to a mere change in the ideology of generations, which has a socio-political overtones. Turgenev endowed this novel with deep psychologism and a multi-layered plot. With a superficial reading, the reader's focus is only on the conflict between the aristocracy and the raznochintsy. Helps to identify the views held by Bazarov and Kirsanov, dispute. The table below shows the essence of these contradictions. And if we dig deeper, we can see that there is an idyll of family happiness, and intrigue, and emancipation, and the grotesque, and the eternity of nature, and reflections on the future.

Yevgeny Bazarov finds himself in the midst of a conflict between fathers and children when he agrees to visit Maryino with his university friend Arkady. In the house of a friend, the atmosphere immediately went wrong. Manners, appearance, divergence of views - all this provokes mutual antipathy with Uncle Arkady. A further dispute between Bazarov and Kirsanov flares up over a variety of topics: art, politics, philosophy, the Russian people.

Portrait of Evgeny Bazarov

Evgeny Bazarov is a representative of the generation of "children" in the novel. He is a young student with progressive views, but at the same time prone to nihilism, which the "fathers" condemn. Turgenev, as if on purpose, dressed the hero ridiculously and carelessly. The details of his portrait emphasize the rudeness and spontaneity of the young man: a wide forehead, red hands, self-confident behavior. Bazarov, in principle, is outwardly unattractive, but has a deep mind.

The dispute between Bazarov and Kirsanov is aggravated by the fact that the former does not recognize any dogmas and authorities. Eugene is convinced that any truth begins with a doubt. The hero also believes that everything can be verified empirically, he does not accept judgments on faith. The situation is aggravated by Bazarov's intolerance for opposing opinions. He is emphatically harsh in his statements.

Portrait of Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov

Pavel Kirsanov is a typical nobleman, a representative of the generation of "fathers". He is a pampered aristocrat and a staunch conservative who adheres to liberal political views. He dresses elegantly and neatly, wears formal English-style suits and starches his collars. Bazarov's opponent is outwardly very well-groomed, elegant in manners. He shows his "breed" in every way.

From his point of view, established traditions and principles should remain unshakable. The dispute between Bazarov and Kirsanov is reinforced by the fact that Pavel Petrovich perceives everything new negatively and even hostilely. Here, congenital conservatism makes itself felt. Kirsanov bows before the old authorities, only they are true for him.

The dispute between Bazarov and Kirsanov: a table of disagreements

The main problem has already been voiced by Turgenev in the title of the novel - the difference between generations. The line of dispute between the main characters can be traced in this table.

Who are the nihilists

The ideas of nihilism are clearly manifested in the confrontation of opponents, which are Pavel Kirsanov, Bazarov. The dispute exposes the rebellious spirit of Yevgeny Bazarov. He does not bow before the authorities, and this unites him with the revolutionary democrats. The hero questions and denies everything he sees in society. This is the characteristic of nihilists.

Story line outcome

In general, Bazarov belongs to the category of people of action. He does not accept conventions and pretentious aristocratic etiquette. The hero is in a daily search for the truth. One of these searches is the dispute between Bazarov and Kirsanov. The table clearly shows the contradictions between them.

Kirsanov is good at polemics, but things do not go beyond conversations. He talks about the life of the common people, but only an ashtray in the shape of a bast shoes on his desktop speaks of his true connection with him. Pavel Petrovich talks with pathos about serving for the good of the Motherland, while he himself lives a well-fed and calm life.

Because of the uncompromising character of the characters, the truth is not born in the novel "Fathers and Sons". The dispute between Bazarov and Kirsanov ends with a duel, which demonstrates the emptiness of noble chivalry. The collapse of the ideas of nihilism is identified with the death of Eugene from blood poisoning. And the passivity of the liberals is confirmed by Pavel Petrovich, since he remains to live in Dresden, although life away from his homeland is hard for him.

I. S. Turgenev worked on the novel "Fathers and Sons" in the early 60s of the XIX century. The novel reflects the processes taking place in Russia at that time: the struggle of the social and political forces of liberals and revolutionary democrats. The heroes of the novel are representatives of two ideological camps: the liberal Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov and the democratic revolutionary Yevgeny Bazarov.

Evgeny Bazarov is young, energetic, businesslike. He takes nothing on faith and denies any principles. According to his worldview, he is a materialist, a man who has gone through the school of labor and deprivation. Bazarov thinks independently and does not depend on anyone. Knowledge and work give him independence and self-confidence. He is the grandson of a sexton, the son of a county doctor, he is proud of his origin. Bazarov is a nihilist, and this word comes from the Latin nihil - nothing, that is, he denies everything. He justified his denial of everything theoretically: he explains the imperfection of society and social diseases by the nature of society itself. Bazarov demands the replacement of the very foundations of society. Bazarov expresses these views and beliefs in disputes with Pavel Petrovich, his ideological opponent.

Pavel Petrovich is a representative of conservative liberals. He is an aristocrat, an Angloman and a very self-confident person. He is smart and has certain virtues: honest, noble, true to his convictions. But Pavel Petrovich does not feel the movement of time, does not accept modernity, for him tradition is above all. In Bazarov, he sees a danger to himself and his class, so he defends his "world" by all means available to him, up to a duel.

Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich discuss art, culture, poetry, nature, science, spirituality, philosophy, and the Russian people.

In disputes with Pavel Petrovich, Bazarov is often aggressive, trying to impose his opinion. From Evgeny's point of view, reading Pushkin is a waste of time, making music is ridiculous, enjoying nature is ridiculous. Kirsanov is able to appreciate the beautiful: he reads Pushkin, plays the piano. Bazarov is a straightforward person, he is not accustomed to "pretending his soul", out of politeness to hide a harsh but fair word. This irritated Pavel Petrovich. His "aristocratic" nature resented the complete swagger of the young man. “This doctor's son was not only not shy in front of him, but also answered curtly and reluctantly, and there was something rude, almost impudent in the sound of his voice.”

Bazarov does not recognize any "principles", and Pavel Petrovich, on the contrary, believes that it is impossible to live without principles taken for granted. After the words of Pavel Petrovich that at the present time instead of "Schillers" and "Goethe" "all some chemists and materialists have gone," Bazarov sharply declares: "A decent chemist is twenty times more useful than any poet." material from the site

All the principles of Pavel Petrovich come down, in essence, to one thing - to defend the old order. The principles of the young nihilist are to destroy this order.

Turgenev wrote that his work was directed against the nobility, but he did not believe in the prospects of the revolutionary democratic movement, although the author's sympathies are definitely on the side of the protagonist.

According to Turgenev, Bazarov is a "tragic person", because the time of the Bazarovs has not yet come. The finale of the novel convinces of the inconsistency of Bazarov's theory. It is not he who perishes, but his artificial theory.

The novel "Fathers and Sons" for us is a mirror that reflects the era of the 60s of the XIX century, with its conflicts and contradictions.

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Literature lesson in the technology of "critical thinking".

General didactic goals: To create conditions for understanding and comprehending the content of Turgenev's novel "Fathers and Sons", to contribute to understanding the connection of new material with the life experience of students.

Lesson Type: a lesson in the "discovery" of new knowledge - a lesson in the study of new material and primary consolidation.

Technology: "critical thinking".

Triune didactic goal:

• Educational aspect : to create conditions for identifying the main "points" of the ideological dispute between the characters of the novel.
• Developmental aspect : to promote the formation of analytical and creative thinking, intellectual skills, generalizations, the ability to highlight the main thing, to ask questions, the development of students' research skills, the development of speech skills, the skills of forming one's own point of view.
• educational aspect : promote familiarization with the cultural heritage and the process of spiritual development of students; fostering a culture of mental work; the formation of the communicative qualities of the individual (cooperation, the ability to listen to the interlocutor, to express one's point of view).

The lesson in the technology of critical thinking consists of three stages:

1. Call(insert). At this stage, the previous experience is updated and the problem is identified.
2. Making sense. At this stage, there is contact with new information, its comparison with existing experience. Attention is focused on the search for answers to questions that have arisen earlier. Attention is drawn to the ambiguities that arise in the process of working on the material.
3. Reflection. At this stage, there is a holistic understanding and generalization of the information received, an analysis of the entire process of studying the material, the development of one's own attitude to the material being studied, and its repeated problematization is possible.

Predicted result.

Students will independently identify the main positions in the ideological dispute between "fathers" and "children". Based on the knowledge gained, the main problem in the novel will be deduced.

Forms of student work: steam room, group, frontal, individual.

Forms of control: listening, mutual control, self-control.

Equipment: computer, video projector, presentation, handouts (tables, diagrams).

During the classes.

1. Challenge (slide 1) Teacher: Today we continue our acquaintance with I.S. Turgenev’s novel “Fathers and Sons”. Analyzing the first chapters of the novel, you came to the conclusion that the work is built on conflict.

Let's find synonyms for this word. (Duel, duel, clash) (slide 2) The problem of contradictions, conflicts between generations and various social groups of society has been, is and will be relevant at all times. In the middle of the 19th century, on the eve of the abolition of serfdom in Russia, ideological disputes between liberals and revolutionary democrats, aristocrats and raznochintsy sharply escalated. Turgenev tells about this in his novel.

Frontal survey

So which of the characters in the novel opposes each other? (Bazarov and P.P. Kirsanov)

What are these people called? (antipodes)

Define this term.

Slide #3

Antipode - a person who is opposite to someone in terms of beliefs, properties, tastes (Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language by S.I. Ozhegov, p. 26)

What are the most famous antipodes in Russian literature?

Teacher: Most often, knowing the typology of such people, we conduct a comparative analysis of their images, i.e. Let's compare them. Let's remember how the comparative characteristic is built.

Slide number 4 (comparative characteristics diagram)

Checking homework

Teacher: At home, you have already begun to compare two opponents in the novel - E. Bazarov and P. Kirsanov, working in four groups and filling out the proposed table.

Slide #5

Comparative characteristics of the heroes of the novel

The answer of the first group, which found common features among the characters.

1. Strong personalities ( slide number 6 portraits of heroes): always confident in their rightness, both are not amenable to other people's influence, able to subjugate others.

2. Unlimited pride, inability to listen to the opinion of opponents in disputes.

3. Mutual enmity: complete rejection of the views and actions of the opponent.

The answer of the second group is about the origin and social affiliation of the characters.

1.P.P.Kirsanov - nobleman, aristocrat, son of a general, retired guards officer, liberal conservative.

2.E. Bazarov - the son of a military doctor who had peasant roots ("my grandfather plowed the land" and a small noblewoman, a student at the medical faculty of St. Petersburg University, a raznochinets, a democrat-nihilist.

The answer of the third group about the appearance of the characters.

1. Bazarov - a man of "tall stature in a long hoodie with tassels." The face was “long and thin, with a broad forehead, flat top, pointed nose, large greenish eyes and drooping sand-coloured whiskers… brightened up with a calm smile and expressed self-confidence and intelligence.” He has "naked red hands".

2.P.P.Kirsanov - in his appearance - gloss and panache: "a dark English suite, a fashionable low tie and patent leather boots." The appearance of Pavel Petrovich, as the author emphasizes, is "graceful and thoroughbred." The contrast between him and Bazarov is immediately evident, but it is even more noticeable when Pavel Petrovich takes out his beautiful hand with long pink nails from the pocket of his trousers.

The answer of the fourth group about the features of the characters' speech.

1. Important for revealing the characters of the novel is their speech characteristics. Pavel Petrovich constantly uses French expressions in conversation, his speech is strictly refined, but it cuts the ear that he often distorts Russian words in a foreign manner (principles and other examples). Eugene, on the other hand, speaks simply and artlessly, without thinking about giving harmony and grace to his speech, his speech is common, with frequent use of sayings and aphorisms (examples).

Teacher: Yes, there are many differences between the heroes, but perhaps the most important thing that makes them irreconcilable opponents is the ideological, worldview positions of each. In a comparative description, we have come to the fourth point, read it (Philosophical, socio-political views, moral position).

- When is the difference between these views evident? (in controversy).

- We will talk about these disputes today. Let's formulate the topic of the lesson together.

Slide number 7 (the topic of the lesson).

“Ideological disputes of “fathers” and “children” in the novel by I.S. Turgenev “Fathers and Sons”. Relations between E. Bazarov and P.P. Kirsanov.

Teacher: As an epigraph, I propose to take the words of Vorovsky's literary critic Vatslav Vatslavovich. How do you understand it? Will it help us formulate the goals and objectives of the lesson? (read the epigraph and comment). The goal is to identify the main "points" of the ideological dispute between the characters of the novel.

Teacher: We have come to the analysis of the 10th chapter of the novel, where there is an open ideological conflict between E. Bazarov and P. Kirsanov, a nihilist and an aristocrat.

2. Understanding.

A) Cluster.To identify the main lines of the dispute, Vyacheslav Naumenko compiled a cluster to help us.

B ) A table that is filled in during the lesson.

Slide #10

C) Work in groups. Each group is invited to answer questions and discuss these questions in a group (slide number 11)

• What questions would you ask the participants in the dispute?
• Why Kirsanov P.P. going into collision?
• Why does not one of the participants in the dispute give up their positions?
• What problems is the author trying to solve in this dispute?

Slide number 12 (about the nobility)

First line of argument.

The first thought of the dispute, which arose by chance, was important for both Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich. It was a dispute about the aristocracy and its principles. Chapter 8 - read the passage, comment on who won the argument?

Estimated result

Pavel Petrovich sees the main social force in the aristocrats. The significance of the aristocracy, in his opinion, is that it once gave freedom in England, that aristocrats have a highly developed sense of dignity and self-respect. Their self-respect is important, as society is built on the individual. Bazarov breaks this seemingly harmonious system with simple arguments. The talk about the fact that the aristocracy gave England freedom - "The Old Song", a lot has changed since the seventeenth century, so Pavel Petrovich's reference cannot serve as an argument. Beliefs that aristocrats are the basis of the public good are shattered by Bazarov’s well-aimed remarks that there is no benefit to anyone from the aristocracy, their main occupation is doing nothing (“they sit idly by”). They only care about themselves, about their appearance. Under these conditions, their dignity and self-respect look like empty words. Aristocracy is a useless word. In idleness and empty chatter, Bazarov sees the basic political principle of the entire noble society, living at the expense of others.

What is the outcome of this dispute?

Pavel Petrovich "turned pale" and no longer started talking about aristocracy. - A subtle psychological detail of Turgenev, conveying the defeat of Pavel Petrovich in this dispute.

Second line of argument. Slide #13

The second line of the dispute is about the principles of the nihilists. Let's read an excerpt from the text. Pavel Petrovich has not yet laid down his arms and does not want to discredit the new people in unscrupulousness. “What are you doing?” he asks. And it turns out that nihilists have principles, they have beliefs.

What are the principles of the nihilists, what do they reject?

Estimated result

Nihilists act deliberately, proceeding from the principle of the usefulness of activity for society. They deny the social system, that is, autocracy, religion, such is the meaning of the word "ALL". Bazarov remarks that the freedom that the government is fussing about will hardly be of any use; this phrase contains a hint of the reforms being prepared. Bazarov does not accept the reform as a means of changing the social position. Denial is perceived by new people as an activity, not chatter. These statements of Bazarov can be called revolutionary. Turgenev himself understood Bazarov's nihilism as revolutionary.

What is Kirsanov's attitude to this position of Bazarov?

Later in this dispute, Pavel Petrovich stands for the preservation of the old order. He is afraid to imagine the destruction of "everything" in society. He agrees to make only minor changes in combining the foundations of the existing system, to adapt to new conditions, as a brother does. They are not reactionaries, they are liberals compared to Bazarov.

Other groups answer who is right.

The third line of the dispute about the Russian people. Slide #14

How do Pavel Petrovich and Bazarov imagine the character of the Russian people? Read and comment.

Estimated result

According to Pavel Petrovich, the Russian people are patriarchal, cherish traditions, and cannot live without religion. These Slavophile views (with an English way of life) speak of reactionaryism. He is touched by the backwardness of the people and sees in this the guarantee of the salvation of society.

The situation of the people causes in Bazarov not tenderness, but anger. He sees trouble in all areas of people's life. Bazarov turns out to be far-sighted and condemns what would later become a creed of populism. It is no coincidence that he says that the Russian people do not need useless words like "liberalism", "progress". Bazarov has a sober attitude towards the people. He sees the ignorance and superstition of the people ( read an excerpt about superstition). These shortcomings he despises. However, Bazarov sees not only the oppression, but also the discontent of the people.

Their speech can serve as a vivid evidence of the connection of the hero with the people. Bazarov's speech is characterized by simplicity, accuracy and accuracy of expressions, an abundance of folk proverbs and sayings. Pavel Petrovich does not use proverbs in his speech, distorts words, uses many foreign words.

Other groups answer who is right.

Fourth line of argument. Slide #15

The fourth direction in the dispute is the divergence of views on art and nature.

Pavel Petrovich believes that nihilism has captured the field of art. Read this episode. Is Pavel Petrovich right when he says this about the artists of the sixties?

Estimated result

Yes and no. He is right, realizing that the new Wanderers are abandoning the frozen academic traditions, from blindly following the old models, including those of Raphael. Wrong that the Wanderers, in his opinion, absolutely abandoned traditions. The new artists are "powerless and barren to the point of disgust".

Bazarov, on the other hand, denies both old and new art: "Rafael is not worth a penny, and they are no better than him."

Teacher: Who is Bazarov's opponent in the dispute? How is the fallacy of the ideas about art of both Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich shown?

Not Pavel Petrovich is Bazarov's opponent in this dispute, but Nikolai Petrovich.

He especially favors art, but does not dare to enter into an argument. Turgenev himself does this, showing a sense of the organic influence of Pushkin's poems, spring nature, the sweet melody of playing the cello.

Teacher: How does Bazarov look at nature?

He does not deny it at all, but sees in it only the source and field of human activity. Bazarov has a master's view of nature, but he is also one-sided. Denying the role of nature as an eternal source of beauty that affects a person, Bazarov impoverishes human life.

Teacher: This line of argument is already resolved in the 11th chapter, in which landscapes appear.

G) Summing up the lesson.

Are there any winners in this dispute? Did the characters want to find the truth or just sort things out?

Teacher's word:

Turgenev believed (like the creators of ancient tragedies) that a truly tragic conflict arises when both warring parties are right to a certain extent ... Does the text of the novel confirm this assumption? (Yes, it confirms. Both those and other heroes turn out to be right on some issues and have false ideas about others. We cannot agree with Bazarov’s views on art and love, with his materialistic approach to nature. The “fathers” in the novel hold different views Their position is closer to us.

But how can one accept the way of life, the primitiveness of the interests of the Kirsanov brothers? In this, Evgeny Bazarov appears as the complete opposite of them.)

I.S. Turgenev, naturally, referred himself to the generation of "fathers". Drawing his hero, he wanted to show both the positive and negative qualities of the people of the new time. He admired their desire for progress, the realism of their views on reality, and so on. But the writer does not try to cross out the life and work of the generation of "fathers". Drawing the best representatives of this camp, Turgenev tries to convey to the reader the idea of ​​​​the important role of the "old people" in the past and present of Russia. The writer, by his own example, understands the difficulty of accepting the views and beliefs of the new time. Yes, it is necessary to change life, to give development to the natural sciences, to stop denying the obvious aspects of reality, but at the same time, one cannot deny all the experience accumulated by mankind, art, religion, the spiritual side of society. He tries to convey to the reader the idea of ​​finding some kind of compromise between generations.

3. Reflection. Slide #16

Writing syncwine

The first line is the key word

The second line - three adjectives for this word

Third line - three verbs

Fourth line - A key phrase that reveals the state of the hero or the meaning

The fifth line is one word.

This mental operation allows you to know the level of understanding.

Conflict.

Strict, implacable, hostile.

Quarrels, reveals, breeds.

The truth is found in the dispute.

"Fathers and Sons".

Different, irreconcilable, refuting.

They argue, they say, they do not accept.

They are so different. They do not understand each other.

The banks of the river.

Grading a lesson.

1. Homework. Finish compiling the comparative characteristics of the heroes according to the table in groups (1 - No. 5, 2 - No. 6, 3 - No. 7). The fourth group analyzes the episode of the “hot” dispute of the opponents, i.e. their real duel in chapter 24 "Duel").

An example of a compiled table

The clash of different generations, different views is a problem that will never cease to be relevant. The most striking example is the novel by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev "Fathers and Sons". In this work, I. S. Turgenev masterfully reveals the theme of the clash of generations with the help of two characters: Evgeny Bazarov and Pavel Kirsanov. Evgeny Bazarov represents the younger generation, while Pavel Kirsanov represents the old.

The views of the characters are opposed to each other, they are from different generations, which is why there is a huge gap between them. It would seem that age does not always divide people so much, but a serious conflict arises between Paul and Eugene. Their ideological views are opposite to each other. Bazarov and Kirsanov "on opposite sides of the barricades." In order to understand what the disagreement is, you need to consider the images and ideas of both heroes.

In connection with the rather "young" views on life, Bazarov has a rather critical point of view. He is a nihilist, that is, all the traditions and foundations for him are just the dust of time. Junk. Nature for Eugene is not a temple, but a workshop, and "Man is a worker in it." It immediately becomes clear that in the person of Bazarov in the novel, the new generation denies the entire foundation that their ancestors built, they want to destroy it. Although they cannot offer anything new in return. The most important thing in the image of a hero is that he accepts only what is beneficial, and the aristocrats of that time, in his opinion, are useless.

Kirsanov is a supporter of the old generation. He is an aristocrat and is firmly convinced that this layer of society has won its place by deeds. Living in the village with his brother, Pavel continues to behave like a real aristocrat. He wears a suit, his gait is confident, his speech and appearance: everything speaks of the intellect of the hero. Pavel Kirsanov zealously proves his ideas to Evgeny, his opponent of the younger generation. Kirsanov stands for moral principles, but it is worth noting that they do not converge with his life in any way. The hero spends his days in a holiday.

Both heroes are very similar to each other, their characters are not at all opposite: they both fight for their idea, although at the same time they bring practically nothing useful to society. And this has its place in the novel. Generations are always similar to each other, they are inextricably linked, but each tribe brings with it ideas and views that may differ. In the novel, the main plan is the clash of generations, so similar, but denying each other.

Evgeny Bazarov and Pavel Petrovich Kirsanov essay

Pavel Kirsanov is a typical aristocrat with a sleek appearance and liberal views. The cult of reverence for beauty reigns in Paul's family. The appearance of Evgeny Bazarov is "plebeian". He is simple, his facial features betray a person of deep mental work. Eugene is fond of natural science, as it can be seen and verified, unlike spiritual "nonsense". He is one of the nihilists. Both characters have different perspectives. Through their convictions and conversations, this confrontation is shown by Turgenev: a dispute between the old, rooted, and the new, who does not know what to do but deny the opposite.

Despite all their differences, both characters are similar in many ways. Both Pavel and Eugene are strong-willed and strong personalities. And, both of them are subject to reasoning on abstract topics. That was the problem. Bazarov, wanting global changes and actions leading to this, does not go beyond reasoning, just like Kirsanov.

But, in the end, Eugene is faced with what seemed to him before empty. No matter how Bazarov denied love, considering it complete nonsense, he falls in love. And, dying, he rethinks his views. What he denied all his life turns out to be an integral part of human existence.

But the situation prevailing in liberal societies, a vivid example of which is the Kirsanov family, cannot contribute to its full development. The problem of discord, based on these currents, is shown by Turgenev in the novel with all its principles and problems. And the main thing is that the one-sidedness of the views of both sides leads only to inaction, or to rash actions.

Turgenev's novel is devoted to the problem of confrontation between two ideological social trends of that time. At first glance, it seems that this is the eternal problem of the older and younger generations, their misunderstanding of each other. But it turns out to be a little different. On the one hand - liberals, ardent defenders of established ways of life, on the other - nihilists, denying all these orders. On the opposition of some views to others, this work is built. This is shown on the example of two heroes of the novel - Pavel Kirsanov and Evgeny Bazarov.

The events described in the novel take place in the middle of the 19th century. At this time, the emergence of new ideals and principles of life was just beginning to develop. The people who followed them did not fully realize the significance of this social phenomenon. And they followed him, for the most part, because it was fashionable.

Nihilists denied everything that had been established for centuries: the existing social and state orders, and much more. And, their task, at that time, was to undermine these structures, to destroy them. But, they could not build something new on the ruins of the old. Yes, and few people thought about it. This very clearly conveys one of Pavel's conversations with Bazarov. To Kirsanov’s words that someone needs to build, Evgeny replied that this was no longer their concern

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