Glorious name "Glory".

The Black Sea Fleet includes the missile cruiser Moskva. Previously, he bore the glorious name "Glory" in the truest sense of the word. We will get acquainted with the history of this ship.

The first name "Glory" was received by a 16-gun three-masted frigate, bought in 1770 in the Archipelago (as the group of islands of the Aegean Sea was called from the 13th century) to participate in the Russian-Turkish war of 1768-1774. Among the heroic pages of the battle path of the ship, the landing in the town of Levisa in Makri Bay as part of the detachment of Count F.G. Orlov and the operation in Lagos Bay to destroy the Turkish transport ships located there. The landing force captured the Turkish battery and burned the warehouses. And in Lagos Bay, out of 14 ships, 4 were captured, 4 burned and 2 sunk, a Turkish battery was destroyed on the shore. However, the ship accomplished its main feat in the Ionian Sea in the Gulf of Patras. On October 25, 1772, Russian ships discovered the Turkish squadron of Mustafa Pasha near the fortress of Patras and attacked it on October 26.

Having lost a frigate and 2 shebeks, the Turks withdrew under the protection of the fortress batteries. On October 27, tacking under sail, the Russian squadron fired on Turkish ships and the fortress. On October 28, during the Battle of Patras, approaching the Turkish ships, the squadron opened fire with cannonballs and brandskugels. All Turkish ships were destroyed, the frigate Slava burned the frigate and 2 shebeks. And in the future, the frigate not without success took part in military operations and in 1776 moved from the Archipelago to Livorno where it was sold, and the crew went to Russia.
Commander: Count M.I. Voinovich (177 1-1776).

He was replaced by the 38-gun four-masted frigate Slava. Laid down on 27/8/1778 at the Arkhangelsk ferry. Builder M.D. Portnov. Launched 22/5/1781, became part of the Baltic fleet. Participated in "armed neutrality", then moved to the Mediterranean Sea in Livorno, and in 1784 returned to Kronstadt. Participated in the war with Sweden 1788-1790. 30/6/1788 as part of the squadron of Admiral S.K. Greiga left Kronstadt, 6.7 at the island of Gotland participated in the battle with the Swedish fleet. After the battle, he accompanied damaged ships to Kronstadt. From August 5 to November 16, as part of the detachment, he cruised near the Gangut Peninsula and Sveaborg. From 5 to 6.1789, as part of a detachment, he cruised in the Gulf of Finland. On 2.7, as part of the fleet, he left Reval for the sea and on 15.7, near the island of Eland, took part in the battle with the Swedish fleet, and then cruised off the islands of Bornholm and Gotland. On May 2, 1790, during the Battle of Revel, he fired 300 shots at enemy ships; losses were: 1 killed and 2 wounded.

As part of the squadron, he went to sea in search of Swedish ships and, from 29.5, carried out a blockade of the enemy fleet in the Vyborg Bay: according to his disposition, he was in the second line of the main forces. On June 22, during the Battle of Vyborg, he attacked the Swedish rowing flotilla, captured 2 galleys. From June 25 to August 5, 1790, as part of a detachment, he cruised near Sveaborg, blocking Swedish ships. Participated in the wars with France 1792-1797 and 1798-1800. In 1793 and 1797, as part of squadrons, he went on a cruise to the shores of Denmark and Sweden. 1799 converted into a port ship in Kronstadt.

Commanders: P.I. Shishkin (1781), A.M. Kireevsky (1 782-1784), S.N. Telepnev (1785), N.I. Sheshukov (1787-1788), K.P. Billov (Billow) (1789), R.F. Svitin (1790-1791) A.S. Smirnov (1792-1793), D.T. Varaksin (1796), P.G. Baranov (1797).

The next to take over was the battleship Slava. March 22, 1901 enlisted in the lists of ships Baltic Fleet and October 19, 1902 was laid down at the Baltic Shipyard in St. Petersburg, launched on August 16, 1903, and commissioned in October 1905.

On September 27, 1907, she was reclassified as a battleship.
From 1906 to 1910, as part of the Special (since 1908 - Baltic) detachment of ships "Glory" made a number of training trips to the Arctic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. In December 1908, the crew of the ship under the command of Captain 1st Rank A.A. Bazhenov participated in rescue work in the Sicilian city of Messina after a catastrophic earthquake. In 1909, ship engineer V.P. Kostenko drew up a project for the modernization of Slava with the replacement of 75-mm and 152-mm guns with 8 120-mm and 8 203-mm guns (4 turrets, including 2 in the diametrical plane). However, during the overhaul in 1910-1911. in Toulon (France) at the plant of the Forge e Chantier company, they limited themselves only to replacing boilers.

During the First World War, the battleship distinguished itself in combat operations in the Gulf of Riga. In July-August 1915, he, under the command of Captain 1st Rank S.S. Vyazemsky, repeatedly engaged in battle with the German battleships. In the autumn of 1915, "Glory" under the command of Captain 1st Rank V.V. Kovalevsky repeatedly supported ground forces on the coast of the Gulf of Riga with fire, and on October 22 ensured the landing of troops at Cape Domesnes. The battleship solved similar tasks in the Gulf of Riga and in the campaign of 1916, after which it was docked in Kronstadt and artillery was modernized in Helsingfors. The elevation angle of the 305-mm guns was increased to 25 degrees, which corresponded to a firing range of 115 cables. By the beginning of 1917, in addition to 305 mm and 152 mm, Slava's armament included 12 75 mm guns, 4 76.2 mm anti-aircraft guns and 2 underwater torpedo tubes. September 8, 1917 "Glory", under the command of Captain 1st Rank V.G. Antonov, crossed the Moonsund Straits to Kuivast and soon took part in the Battle of Moonsund.

On October 4, 1917, Russian ships under the command of Vice Admiral M.K. Bakhireva on the Kuyvast roadstead entered into battle with the German detachment of Vice Admiral Benke. German dreadnoughts scored 7 hits on the Glory, on which by this time the bow 305-mm turret had failed. The ship took 1127 tons of water, and its bow draft reached 10 meters. Since the shallow Moonsund became impassable for Slava, M.K. Bakhirev ordered during the retreat to flood the battleship at the entrance to the canal, blow up the magazines of ammunition and additionally undermine the ship with a torpedo from the destroyer "Turkmenets-Stavropolsky".
May 29, 1918 "Glory" was excluded from the lists of ships of the Baltic Fleet.
The ship was dismantled by the Estonians for metal in 1935-1936.

I would especially like to note the heroism of the Russian sailors from the crew of the battleship Slava. This ship became morally obsolete already during construction (it was the eighth in the series), had mediocre performance characteristics, and the range of German ships significantly exceeded its capabilities. However, he became a personal enemy of Kaiser Wilhelm II!

The first battle of "Glory" with the German fleet took place on August 8, 1915, the Germans began to break through the Irben Strait.

From the German battleships Alsace and Braunschweig, which were firing at Russian gunboats and destroyers, they noticed smoke belonging to a large ship. It was "Glory", marching with raised topmast flags, accompanied by destroyers. "Alsace" and "Brunswick" opened fire on her.

It was difficult for Slava to fight the German battleships due to the greater range of their artillery. Because of the minefield, it was impossible to get close to the enemy. Russian sailors led by the commander of the "Glory" captain 1st rank S. S. Vyazemsky used ingenuity. To put the main artillery into action, Vyazemsky found the following way out. By flooding three onboard compartments with water, they reached a roll of 3 °, which corresponded to an increase in range by 8 cables. Flooding of the compartments (100 tons of water each) and pumping water into the compartments of the other side when turning on the reverse tack were carried out in 10-16 minutes. (!!)
The battle of Slava and two German battleships lasted 1 hour 48 minutes, during which the Russians fired 16 volleys at the enemy.
During the breakthrough through the Irben Strait, the Germans suffered significant losses on mines. The minesweepers T-52 and T-58 were killed, the cruiser Tethys was blown up, and then the destroyer S-144. On the evening of the same day, Vice-Admiral Schmidt, who commanded the German breakthrough forces, interrupted the operation, citing unsuccessful minesweepers.

In his order to conduct a second operation, the commander of the naval forces of the Baltic Sea, Prince Heinrich, in particular, wrote: “I attribute moral significance to the destruction of Glory.”

For the second breakthrough, the Germans pulled even more forces.
To fight the Slava, two dreadnoughts were included in the mine support detachment.
Around noon, Slava began shelling German minesweepers. The German dreadnoughts "Posen" and "Nassau" entered the battle with the "Glory". She, skillfully maneuvering, did not stop shelling German minesweepers with an auxiliary caliber. Again using the flooding of the side compartments, "Slava" fired the main caliber at the German dreadnoughts. By 4 p.m., the German minesweepers withdrew.
By 17:00 the battle was over, but "Glory" still at 18:00 continued to hold on to its position. Then Admiral Schmidt decided to send two of his newest destroyers "V-99" and "V-100" at night to destroy it.

The result was sad for the Germans. First, the German destroyers met the old Russian destroyers from the guards of the Glory. The Russian destroyer Novik then joined them at dawn. After 10 minutes of battle, Novik scored three hits on the V-99. It started on fire. The Germans turned and began to leave.

At dawn on October 22, under cover of fire from the Glory and other ships, the Russians landed troops at Domesnes and were successful. In addition, Slava fired on Roen (Ruena) and Messarago-tsen (Mersrags). "Glory" also participated in repelling the German offensive on Riga, which began on October 31. The Germans wrote: “By November 10, the Russians succeeded, mainly with the help of the fire of the heavy guns of the Glory, to force the German troops to clear Kemmern and retreat to their previous position. The fleet could do nothing to alleviate the situation.

So, the German attack on Riga and the fleet's attempts to occupy the Gulf of Riga ended in failure. And the combat operations of the battleship crew played an important role in this.
On October 16, 1917, with the fall of Russian batteries on the Svorbe Peninsula, German ships crossed the Irben Strait and entered the Gulf of Riga. Despite the overwhelming superiority of the Germans, Admiral Bakharev nevertheless decided to accept the battle.
Let's pay attention to the date of the last battle of the ship. While their colleagues famously danced "Apple" and prepared to attack bridges, telephone, telegraph ... there were sailors who simply did their military duty and fought the enemy. Nobody canceled the war. The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, as is known, was concluded somewhat later.

The German ships approached in two columns: in one large ships - battleships and cruisers with destroyers; in the other, the queens of minesweepers and the minesweepers themselves. German aviation made an attack on Russian ships at about 09:30. In the meantime, German minesweepers began sweeping the barriers in front of the Moonsund entrance between Oesel Island and the mainland. First, the battery of the island of Moon (Mukhu), and then at 10:05 AM "Citizen" and "Glory" opened fire on German minesweepers. “Glory”, due to the greater range of its guns (116 cable versus 88 for “Grazhdanin”), was located to the north on the fairway, and “Grazhdanin” and “Bayan” were to the south, closer to the enemy. The first salvo of the Russians gave short flight, the second flight, and the third covered the minesweepers,
"Glory" moved the fire on the German battleships, keeping south of the minesweepers. Here, from the "Slava" they noticed several destroyers marching in front formation to the north, and fired a volley at them from the bow tower. The destroyers retreated south in disarray, followed by all the other ships. The German battleships also withdrew.

Thus, this attempt by the Germans to break into Moonsund failed.
Just before the end of the shooting on the Slava, the bow 12-inch turret failed due to a malfunction of the lock mechanisms, due to their careless dressing at the factory, when the artillery was changed on the battleship in the fall of 1916. (This is where the really complete disgrace with the materiel took place!). But, having lost half of its heavy guns, "Glory" did not withdraw from the battle.
In the meantime, the German ships, having rebuilt, went on the attack again, now by the eastern fairway. "Grazhdanin" after 12 hours 04 minutes began to fire minesweepers with both calibers, and then opened fire and "Glory" aft tower. "Koenig" and "Kronprinz" approached with great speed, confidently turned around and, having reduced their speed, after 12 hours opened fire with five gun volleys. The Russian battleships were just following the fairway to the south, the distance was rapidly shrinking, and everything was decided in a few minutes. “Glory” received three hits from “Koenig” at once, and “Kronprinz” achieved two in “Citizen”, One shell hit “Glory” below the waterline, the other also made a huge underwater hole.

From the damage received, "Slava" sank so much with her nose that the Moonsund Canal became impassable for her. The commander decided to flood the ship in the fairway, thereby closing the Germans' passage to the north. It was ordered to prepare the ship for the explosion.
At 13:20, the Slava commander stopped the vehicles and ordered the fuses of explosive charges to be lit. Having gone around the deck and making sure that no one was left alive on the ship, the commander of the ship, Antonov, was the last to board the destroyer Storozhevoy. At 13:58 there was an explosion.
The rest of the Russian ships went north, and two more transports were flooded in the fairway. The passage to the Gulf of Finland for the German fleet was closed.

Displacement 14415 tons. Dimensions 121.31×23.17×8.48 m
Armament 4 - 305/40, 12 - 152/45, 20 - 75/50, 4 - 47 mm, 8 machine guns, 2 - 64 mm (dec), 2 - 457 mm PTA
Reservation - the main armor belt of Krupp armor from 102 to 194 mm, casemates of mine (75 mm) artillery - 76 mm,
anti-torpedo protection - 43 mm, turrets of the main caliber from 63 to 254 mm, barbettes of the turrets of the main caliber from 102 to 254 mm,
medium-caliber towers - 127 mm, conning tower from 51 to 203 mm, lower armored deck from 25 to 43 mm, main deck from 32 to 51 mm
Mechanisms 2 vertical triple expansion steam engines manufactured by the Baltic Plant with a capacity of 16365 hp,
20 Belleville water tube boilers, 2 propellers
Speed ​​17.64 knots. Cruising range 1970 miles. Crew 25, 17 conductors, 780 lower ranks

The cruiser Slava entered the battle behind him. True, his first name was "Molotov". Laid down on January 14, 1937 at plant No. 198 named after Marty in Nikolaev (serial number 329), launched on May 7, 1939, entered service on June 14, 1941 Participated in the defense of Sevastopol. Torpedoed 3 August 1942. For repairs, the stern of the unfinished cruiser Frunze was used.
He returned to service at the end of 1943, but did not participate in hostilities anymore.
From 1952 to January 28, 1955, the cruiser at plant number 497 (Sevmorzavod) underwent a major overhaul and modernization with the renewal of anti-aircraft and radar weapons. In 1955, the Molotov was the flagship of the 50th division of cruisers of the Black Sea Fleet, the commander of the division, Rear Admiral S.M. Lobov, held his flag on it.
On August 3, 1957, due to the "exposure of the anti-party group of Molotov, Kaganovich, Malenkov," the ship was renamed Glory.

On January 14, 1959, the cruiser was decommissioned and mothballed, and on July 14 of the following year it was mothballed and put into operation. In 1967, he served in combat service in the war zone in the Mediterranean Sea, performing the task of assisting the armed forces of Syria. In September - December 1970, the cruiser under the command of Captain 2nd Rank G.A. Basco was in combat service in the Mediterranean Sea, and on November 9 assisted the crew of the destroyer Bravy after its collision with the British aircraft carrier Ark Royal. On April 4, 1972, the cruiser was expelled from the Navy and subsequently dismantled for metal in Inkerman.

The project, which received the number 26, was based on a theoretical drawing of the Eugenio di Savoia cruiser by the Italian company Ansaldo. For "Eugenio di Savoia" was originally intended and the main power plant, which the Italians now decided to sell to the USSR. The project turned out to be successful and the ship turned out to be tenacious. During a torpedo attack on August 3, 42, the torpedo hit the frame and the ship was torn off 20 meters of the stern. Together with the steering wheel and steering machine. Propeller shafts and propellers remained, although one shaft was badly bent. In addition, a bent piece of aft plating worked as a rudder, introducing the ship into circulation. 18 people died in the aft compartments. However, in the GKP, these damages were not immediately noticed and the ship reached Poti on its own under the incessant attacks of enemy torpedo bombers and torpedo boats.

Commanders during the war: captain 1st rank Yu.K. A.Parhomenko.

On October 5, 1946, a charge ignited on the Molotov during firing on the Tendra roadstead in the reloading compartment of the second main battery turret. By flooding the tower, the sailors prevented the explosion of the ship. At the same time, the foreman and 22 sailors died, 20 received burns and injuries. The commander of the fleet F.S. Oktyabrsky, the commander of the squadron S.G. Gorshkov, and later the commander-in-chief of the Navy N.G. Kuznetsov arrived on the ship. The Commission has established: personnel, observing all the established rules and instructions, acted correctly and blocked the path of fire. The fire in the tower was the result of a design flaw in the elevator.

On August 19, 1947, a cruiser (commander captain 2nd rank B.F. Petrov) delivered I.V. Stalin and A.N. Kosygin, Deputy Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR, from Yalta (Livadia) to Sochi. "Molotov" sailed under the flag of Commander-in-Chief of the Navy I.S. Yumashev, accompanied by the destroyers "Fire" and "Dashing". During the voyage, Stalin and his retinue walked through the ship and examined the first main caliber turret.
During the Second World War, the cruiser delivered cargo and parts to Sevastopol, provided fire assistance to ground forces during all three assaults on Sevastopol, and participated in the Kerch-Feodosiya landing operation.

At the beginning of the Second World War, Molotov was the only ship equipped with the latest Redut-K radar and a catapult-launched seaplane. The radar made it possible to detect enemy aircraft in advance. The data was transmitted to the air defense command of Sevastopol

Displacement standard 8200 tons, total displacement 9780 tons. Dimensions 191.2 × 17.54 × 7.2 m
Armament: 9 (3x3) - 180/57, 6 - 100/58 B34, 10 - 45 mm 21K, 13 - 37mm 70K,
and 8 DShK machine guns. 2x3 NTA 530 mm, 150/96 min obstacles, 2 BMB-1 bombers
Reservation: belt 70 mm, deck 50 mm, traverse 70 mm, wheelhouse 150/100 mm, main battery turrets 70/50 mm
Mechanisms 2 steam turbine plants of the Kharkov plant 137000 hp, 2 propellers
Speed ​​36 knots Cruising range 3860 miles. Crew 862 people

On May 20, 1973, it was added to the lists of ships of the Navy and on November 5, 1976, it was laid down at the plant named after 61 Communards in Nikolaev (serial number 2008), launched on July 27, 1979, entered service on December 30, 1982 and on February 7, 1983 included in the KChF .
On March 21, 1991, it was delivered in Nikolaev for a major overhaul.
On May 16, 1996, the cruiser was renamed. In August 1999, he again entered service.
Currently the flagship of the Black Sea Fleet.

On January 30, 1983, the USSR Naval Ensign was hoisted on the missile cruiser Slava (now Moskva), which became the fifth ship in the history of the Russian fleet bearing this name ... The battle flag of the previous Slava cruiser was transferred to the new ship and raised last its commander, Rear Admiral N. B. Myasoedov.
The fifth "Glory" was designed by the Northern Production and Design Bureau, headed by the chief designer, State Prize laureate Valentin Ivanovich Mutikhin. The Slava missile cruiser belonged to the ships of the third generation. The appearance of the Soviet missile cruiser and the power hidden in it so impressed even the worldly-wise, the types of military sailors, that when the Glory, for example, met the British aircraft carrier Invincible, a semaphore was transmitted from the latter: "Amazing. Commander."

The cruiser is a fairly serious combat enemy, as it was equipped at the time of entry with the most modern views weapons. The level of weapons installed on board was at least indicated by the fact that 30 years ago this ship was already equipped with three (!) Space systems for communication, reconnaissance and target designation, navigation, than even on
In less than seven years that the ship was part of the combat forces Black Sea Fleet before putting it into the factory, the crew spent a long 20 months in long hikes. There were years, like 1986, for example, when the ship's officers spent the night on the shore only 18 times!

But, perhaps, the most honorable and historical mission that the Slava missile cruiser had to perform was its participation in ensuring the meeting of the US Presidents D. Bush and the USSR M. Gorbachev on about. Malta. After its completion, George W. Bush expressed his admiration for "Slava" in a telegram addressed to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Moscow. The successful completion of this task brought the cruiser world fame.

In August 1990, the Slava missile cruiser took part in the Yalta International Conference on the detection and control of nuclear weapons who are on board warships on the personal instructions of M. S. Gorbachev. These days, the cruiser was visited by many scientists of world renown, as well as the defense ministers of the United States, China, Cuba, Syria, Finland, the commander-in-chief of the joint armed forces of NATO in Europe, the commander-in-chief of the Indian Navy.

On December 17, 1990, the Slava cruiser under its own power entered the waters of its native plant in Nikolaev for scheduled repairs. Thousands of factory workers solemnly welcomed the ship - the pride of the plant. And no one then imagined that the collapse of the USSR that took place soon, the long-term uncertainty of the fate of the Black Sea Fleet, chronic non-payments could put an end to the fate of Slava, and the repair of the ship would drag on for a long eleven years ... And only in June 1997 the ship was raised Andreevsky Naval Flag Russian Federation. All previous years the cruiser served under the flag of the Soviet Navy! Although the Ukrainian admirals tried to persuade the crew to swear allegiance to Ukraine and raise the yellow-blue flag, the crew members always remembered that they were "Slavs".

But back to the time of repairing the cruiser at the factory. There was not enough money to complete the repair, and the mayor of Moscow, Yu. M. Luzhkov, undertook to solve this problem. May 16, 1995 the cruiser "Glory" was given a new name - "Moskva". And soon 14.5 billion rubles were allocated for the repair of Moskva. Further financial support became constant and increasing.
In 2001, the missile cruiser, which by that time had become a guards cruiser, reappeared on the roadstead of the Sevastopol Bay. In the summer of 2002, he entered the waters of the Mediterranean Sea ...

Displacement: total 11,280, standard 9,500 tons; length 187 m, width 20.8 m.
PTU power 2x40 450 hp; travel speed: maximum 32.5, economic 18 knots; cruising range at an economic speed of 8070 miles.
Armament: 16 × 1 launchers for the Bazalt anti-aircraft missile system (16 missiles), 8x1 launchers for the Fort air defense missile system (64 missiles),
2 × 2 launchers of the Osa air defense system (40 missiles), | 1x2 130 mm A-218 and 6 × 6 30 mm AK-630 guns, 2 × 5 533 mm TA,
2x12 RBU-6000 (144 RSL-60), 1 Ka-25ts helicopter. Crew 610 people.

I have the honor! Yurasha. 2010, nnm.ru

Article from International Defense Review, 1984.

Numerous Western military-technical magazines closely follow the development of Soviet, and now Russian, military equipment. Often, information gleaned from the Western press is the only one available. And today, despite the publicity and declared freedom of the press, it is not always possible to find data on products of interest. During the time of historical materialism, before perestroika, on the covers of Western magazines containing information about the Soviet military equipment, vigilant comrades from the first departments put a "nut" - a hexagonal die, as a result of which it became extremely difficult for an ordinary engineer of the enterprise "mailbox N such and such" or a student of some MAI to take these magazines in the technical library. If you want to know something new about the F-15 - please get "Flight" or "Aviation Week", but if it's about the MiG-23, from the same magazines - by no means. Now the situation has changed: no one puts stamps, but Western magazines are still inaccessible to a wide audience, partly because of the small number of copies that enter our country, partly because of high prices. Therefore, the editors begin to "unscrew the nuts" and open the "View from the West" column, which will publish translations of articles from foreign magazines devoted to Soviet and Russian military equipment. It is not necessary to take literally everything that Western authors write: sometimes there are a lot of inaccuracies in articles, sometimes reaching curiosities. As a rule, they wrote in hot pursuit, having a minimum of information, sometimes a dozen, other muddy photographs. Then, magazines are still not a branch of the CIA, and their employees use open information. And what information was in the Soviet press of the late seventies - early eighties, for example, about domestic intercontinental ballistic missiles, remember, dear reader, yourself. Nevertheless, in general, the assessments of Western experts are plausible. In addition, it is always interesting to know the opinion of the enemy about the domestic.

After an unusually long period of construction and acceptance tests, which lasted from 1976 to 1982, the cruiser "Slava" (formerly known in the west as "Black Com I" and "Krasin") left the Black Sea, passing the Bosporus on September 15, 1983. Cruiser headed for the North Atlantic. The construction of the second cruiser of the same class is close to completion, the third ship has been laid down. At the factory. 61 Communards in the city of Nikolaev, where the Slava cruiser was built, previously seven Kara-class cruisers were built, one such ship was built on average four years. Cruisers entered service every year. It took the plant six years to build "Glory". It is expected that Slava-class cruisers will be handed over to the Navy at intervals of a year or a year and a half. The longer construction time for new cruisers is due not only to the increased amount of work on the final assembly of the ship, but also to delays in the suppliers of component systems, and possibly due to problems that emerged during the tests of the lead cruiser, since the construction of the second one is being carried out much more slowly. pace.

Slava's appearance initially gave the impression that the ship represented a new generation of Soviet cruisers, however, a nitpicking analysis of its design shows that this is not the case. For example, such weapons have already been installed on the cruisers of the "Kyiv", "Kirov" type, destroyers of the "Modern" type. The Slava is an economical version of the nuclear-powered cruiser Kirov and is intended more for escort operations than for use as a flagship. Like the Kirov cruiser, the main emphasis in the ship's armament is placed on ship-to-surface missile systems designed to destroy surface targets.

The new generation of Soviet ships is designed to operate in the open ocean as part of battle groups that can be used to combat aircraft carrier strike groups, amphibious forces, and also to combat Western sea lanes (including well-defended convoys). In addition, battle groups can be used for anti-shore operations and landing support. Another proof that these are the tasks assigned to the new ships is the appearance of Sovremenny-class destroyers in the Navy.

The "Slava" hull is very different from the hulls of the Kara-class cruisers, although it is presumably designed on the basis of the hulls of the last three Kara-class cruisers (N 8-10) planned for construction, the construction of which has already begun in Nikolaev. The immediate predecessor of these three cruisers was the fourth ship of the series - "Azov". Even before joining the Navy, it was modernized in the direction of strengthening the ship's air defense systems and changing the composition of weapons from anti-submarine to anti-ship. "Slava" has a length of 187 m - 14 m longer than the cruisers of the "Kara" type, which made it possible to place new air defense systems on the cruiser. The maximum width of the ship is 19 m, which is slightly wider than the previous cruisers. However, the draft of the Slava is 0.7 - 0.8 m more and, apparently, is 7.4 - 7.5 m. Presumably, like on the cruisers of the previous type, gas turbine engines. "Slava" differs from the old cruisers in its unusually high bridge with a pyramidal closed fore mast mounted on it, higher than the main mast located in front of the chimney. Such a configuration of the superstructure is the result of the adopted scheme for placing launchers (PU) of guided missiles of the "surface-to-surface" class.

Armament

An analysis of the available photographs of the cruiser suggests the presence of the following weapons on board:

SD class "surface-to-surface": eight twin launchers with an elevation angle of 16 "are installed on the upper deck on the sides of the front superstructure (four on each side). Cylindrical containers with missiles have a diameter of 2.0-2.1 m and a length of 11.0-12.5 m. It is difficult to estimate the length of the container more accurately due to the fact that the back of the containers is covered by structural details.The dimensions of the containers and the presence of a tracking radar (the same radar is installed on the Kirov cruiser) suggest that 16 SS-N-12 missiles are placed in the containers , which are the main weapons of the ship.Presumably, reloading launchers in the open sea is impossible.The radius of the missiles is about 300 nautical miles;

Long range missiles: two rows of four vertical launchers (mines) are placed between the crane and the aft superstructure. Each shaft has eight flat hatches located along a circle, in the center of which there is an engine that rotates the installation. Between the two rows of launchers placed the equipment necessary for reloading the mines. The diameter of each eight-shot launcher is approximately 4.0 m, which corresponds to the diameter of the SA-N-6 launchers installed on the Kirov cruiser. The presence of anti-aircraft missile fire control radar confirms the presence of SA-N-6 missiles on board; missile range over 30 miles. The Slava cruiser carries 64 launchers for long-range anti-aircraft missiles;

short-range missiles: on each side of the helicopter hangar, at the beginning of the quarter deck, there is one vertical launcher for SA-N-4 missiles. Missiles of this type have been used on Soviet ships since 1970. Each silo contains a twin launcher and 20 missiles, the radius of the missiles is 8.8 miles. Fire control radars are installed ahead of each mine;

Artillery systems of large caliber: a fully automated double-barreled 130-mm turret mounted on a forecastle. Universal guns with 70-caliber barrels have a rate of fire of 65 rounds per minute and a firing range of 28,000 m. The same mounts are in service with Sovremenny-class destroyers. Gun aiming angles from - 5° to + 80° in elevation and 250° in azimuth; if the elevation angle is greater than 30°, the firing angle in azimuth is about 300°. An optical guidance channel sight is mounted on the side of the turret, and a fire control radar is mounted on the roof of the bridge. Cooling of gun barrels - water;

small caliber artillery: six six-barreled 30-mm Gatling-type guns; such installations are standard for the ships of the Soviet Navy, starting with the BOD type "Kresta" II. The installations are located in three groups: two in front of the bow superstructure and two more symmetrically on both sides on special platforms of small superstructures in the middle part of the cruiser. The fire of each group is controlled by the radar. The most effective shooting is at a distance of 1000 - 5000 m, the rate of fire is 3000 rounds / min;

Torpedo armament: as on the cruiser "Kirov", the torpedo tubes of the "Glory" are protected by special covers; presumably, the lids open up and inward, similar to garage doors. There is probably a four- or five-tube 533 mm torpedo tube behind each cover. Torpedoes can be used to destroy both surface ships and submarines;

Anti-submarine weapons: for Slava-class cruisers, the task of fighting submarines is secondary, so the composition of anti-submarine weapons is minimal: in addition to torpedo tubes, only two RBU-6000 jet bombers with a firing range of 6000 m are installed;

Helicopter basing: The heliport and hangar configurations are similar to those of the Kara-class cruisers, although the heliport is 0.5 m lower and the ramp allows the helicopter to roll in or out of the hangar without the aid of a lift, which was required on the Kresta II-class ships and Kara. The dimensions of the hangar allow it to accommodate only one Ka-25 or Ka-27 helicopter. To the side of the ramp is the flight control post. The Fly Screen approach support radar installed on the Kirov cruiser and Udaloy-class destroyers is absent on the Slava;

Search and navigation radars: the pyramidal mast, located directly behind the bridge, reaches a height of 32 m above the waterline, at the top of the mast there is a three-coordinate radar antenna for detecting air targets, similar antennas are installed on the cruisers "Kirov" and "Kyiv", as well as VHF communication antennas. Below, on two platforms protruding from the sides, and on one protruding forward, navigation radar antennas are installed. Radars of this type have been installed on ships since the early 1970s. On another pyramidal mast, located directly in front of the chimney, a radar antenna for detecting air targets is installed (a similar antenna is installed on the Kirov cruiser) and various antennas for electronic warfare equipment.

fire control radar: the SS-N-12 missile guidance radar antenna is located on the front edge of the foremast, approximately at half its height. The antenna bears a striking resemblance to the fire-control radar antennas of the Kyiv-class cruisers. The presence of this antenna served as one of the proofs of the fact that the Slava cruiser was equipped with SS-N-12 missiles. The same missiles, but in containers of a different shape, are installed on the Kyiv-class cruisers.

anti-aircraft missile guidance radar, the same as on the Kirov cruiser, is mounted on a high platform on the roof of the helicopter hangar. The presence of this radar made it possible to identify the anti-aircraft missile systems of the Slava cruiser as SA-N-6, since the Kirov cruiser is equipped with the same air defense systems. The radar, the most modern in the USSR Navy, is capable of tracking and launching missiles at eight targets simultaneously;

Two SA-N-4 SAM guidance radars short range are located on special platforms on the sides of the helicopter hangar;

artillery fire control radar(Radars of this type are used to control the fire of 100-mm guns of the cruiser "Kirov", frigates of the "Krivak" II type and destroyers of the "Udaloy" type, as well as 130-mm guns of the destroyers of the "Modern" type) is located on the roof of the bridge. The fire control of each plutong of 30-mm guns is provided by the radar. The fire control radar of the front pair of installations is installed on a platform that rises directly in front of the navigation bridge. The airborne turret fire control radars are mounted on separate platforms above the rear of the SS-N-12 missile launchers. Guidance of 30-mm guns can also be carried out using an optical channel;

Hydroacoustic equipment: a wide ramp in the middle of the stern, which has a slope opposite to the stern itself, is used to raise and lower a submersible hydroacoustic station (GAS). Presumably, the GAS operates in the medium frequency range, like the stations of the Kara-class cruisers. Judging by the nature of the waves generated during the movement of the Slava cruiser, the ship does not have a bulbous fairing large sizes, but, perhaps, a small low-frequency sonar is installed in the forward underwater part of the hull;

Loading facilities and ship craft: The space between the two chimneys is used to stow the boom of a large swivel crane mounted on a platform just behind the chimneys. The crane is used to lift and launch ship boats (placed one on each side near the chimney), as well as to lift ammunition and equipment on board. Two derrick cranes mounted on the sides of the helicopter hangar are used to load the missiles.

Construction details

The cruiser's hull has a very long forecastle extending all the way to the helicopter hangar; the remaining part, approximately 1/16 of the entire length of the ship, is occupied by the quarterdeck. Below the upper deck are four (possibly more) closed decks. The bow superstructure is a combination of a two-story superstructure ahead and a high five-story navigation bridge with a pyramidal main mast. A high bridge is necessary to avoid the unpleasant effects associated with the launch of missiles, the launchers of which are located along the sides along the bow superstructure. The mainmast is separated from the bridge by a small space, behind it is a twin chimney. The aft two-deck superstructure with a hangar for a helicopter is located 18 m from the chimney. The cruiser is probably equipped with an active stabilizer.

Conclusion

The cruiser "Glory" completed the raid and sea trials a year later than expected. The emphasis in the ship's armament is on anti-ship systems, which can also be used to combat coastal targets. The "main caliber" of the cruiser is 16 SS-N-12 anti-ship missiles placed on the upper deck in new design launchers. Anti-aircraft armament, in comparison with ships of previous projects (with the exception of the Kirov cruiser), is significantly strengthened and consists of SA-N-6 long-range air defense systems and SA-N-4 short-range air defense systems. The latest universal 130-mm guns and six 30-mm Gatling-type guns in tower mounts can also be used to combat air targets. Slava's anti-submarine armament, apart from torpedoes, includes only two RBU-6000 bombers, although the cruiser has a lowerable sonar. Of particular note is that contrary to expectations and assumptions, the cruiser is not equipped with anti-submarine guided missile weapons. long range(PLURO) SS-N-14. Apparently, the lack of free space on the upper deck did not allow the installation of PLURO due to the installation of SS-N-12 launchers, which take up too much space. The presence of only one helicopter on board indicates that the helicopter is needed mainly for over-the-horizon guidance of missiles; at the same time, Slava's helicopter hangar is wider than the hangar on Udaloy-class destroyers, which carry two Ka-27 anti-submarine helicopters.

Previously, when developing the ships "Kresta" II and "Kara", the main attention was paid to increasing the effectiveness of the fight against submarines. The appearance of the Slava cruiser, designed to combat surface targets, reflects the changing situation at sea and the operational role of the Soviet Navy. The increased dependence of Western countries on maritime and ocean transportation played a leading role in the development of missile cruisers such as Kresta I and Kynda. The Glory project continues the line of Soviet "missile cruisers", but its anti-aircraft armament has been significantly strengthened and autonomy has increased dramatically.

A balanced squadron for operations on ocean communications could consist of a Kirov-class heavy cruiser as the core of a strike group of surface ships, a Slava-class cruiser as an escort, and Udaloy-class and Sovremenny-class destroyers. The creation of such ships requires more significant financial resources and greater production efforts, as well as higher requirements for projects than in previous shipbuilding programs.

Until there is at least one auxiliary vessel of the Berezina type for each large warship of the Kirov, Kyiv or Slava type, their combat value in operations in the ocean will remain very doubtful. The Soviet Navy is still unbalanced in this regard, and even submarines are dependent on supply ships for operations outside their "home" waters. Therefore, the appearance in the composition of each new warship, even such as the very impressive cruiser Slava, should be considered in the context of the overall strategic, tactical and industrial situation in order to avoid overestimating them.

Slava-class missile cruisers( project 1164)

In 1969, the ru-ko-vo-dstvo of the Navy you-da-lo for-da-tion of the Se-ver-no-mu Design Bureau (under the ru-ko-vo-dstvo of V.D. Rub-tso-va) on the pro-ra-bot-ku va-ri-an-tov BOD project 1134B, someone by that time had begun construction. The idea of ​​\u200b\u200bpro-ra-bo-current would-la ta-ko-va - use the ba-zo-vy va-ri-ant in the ka-che-st-ve platforms, on someone -ryh to create a system from mutually-under-der-zh-vayu-shchih-ko-slave: pro-ti-in-lo-daughter-nyh, shock-nyh (with pro-ti -in-ko-ra-bel-ny-mi ra-ke-ta-mi) and ko-slave-lei collective air defense (with ze-nit-ny-mi ra-ke-ta-mi ). Corps and energy-go-us-ta-nov-ka were kept according to the project, from me-not-niya ka-sa-were only the cor-my hour -ti-ko-slave-la, over-build-ki and vo-ru-same-nie on shock-nom va-ri-an-te for-me-nya-lis 12 start-to-you-mi us-ta -new-ka-mi for the Ba-salt complex, someone looked-re-whether in the stern. On the vari-an-te air defense, should we have us-ta-nav-li-vat-sya anti-aircraft missiles ver-ti-kal-no-go launch “Kvant "(in the next-st-vie" Fort "). Pro-ra-ba-you-va-lis va-ri-an-you with and without vert-to-let.

Pro-ra-bots-ki would-were ut-ver-zhde-us and started raz-ra-bot-ka of those-no-th-th-pro-ek-ta - pre-la -ha-elk, what is na-chi-naya from the build-tel-no-go no-me-ra S-2007 will already go-ra-ket-ny variant. Because of this, for the treasure of the BOD "Tallin" for-de-zh-va-las, the crew-page several times for-mi-ro-wa-li, then races -for-mi-ro-you-wah-whether, in the fleet it’s already on-cha-whether to call it “le-tu-chim Dutchman” in the end, the ship was for -lo-women and to-build-en according to the first-at-the-initial-no-mu pro-ek-tu, in the pro-ti-in-lo-daughter-nom va-ri-an-te.

Starting suddenly co-le-ba-niya and detaining-ki would be connected-for-us in the main with the fact that par-ral-lel-but created-yes- oh-ra-ne-niya pro-ek-ta 1165 “Fu-gas”, voo-ru-female roof-la-you-mi ra-ke-ta- mi and new anti-aircraft complex "Fort" S-300F reinforced kit for high-efficiency collective -tiv-noy defense and protection from low-to-le-ty-wing-wing-la-ty missiles. Pre-reference from-yes-wa-moose to him, but in August 1971, you worked on Fu-ga-su pre-kra-ti-li because of to-ro-go-vis-ny (cruise-ser pre-la-gal-sya atomic-nym).

In this way, re-shi-whether to return to the pro-ra-bot-cams of the Se-ver-no-th Design Bureau, on the basis of someone else it was re-she-but create a more-simple-stop and less-to-ro-go-worth-a rocket cray-ser of the third-co-le-tion on the basis of tech-no- Czech solutions 1134B. In October 1972, the Se-ver-no-mu PKB was-lo you-yes-but so-ty-ko-tech-no-che-for-ying on the es-kiz-ny project 1164 (code "At-lant"), the main con-st-hand-to-rum on-know-whether A.K. Per-ko-va, the main observant from the Navy - ka-pi-ta-on 2nd rank A.N. Bli-no-va. With a full in-to-from-me-shche-nii 10,000 tons of vo-ru-same-co-slave-la should-but-lo-to-stand from pro-ti-vo-ko-ra -bel-no-go-ra-ket-no-go complex "Ba-salt" (12 start-ups-ta-no-wok for two 6 rocket salvos), anti-aircraft missile complexes "Fort" (8x8 launchers of the ver-ti-cal-no-go start) and "Osa" (2 spa-ren-ny must-ta-nov -ki), two 100-mm cannons AK-100, av-to-ma-tov sa-mo-ob-ro-ny AK-630, bomb-bo-met RBU-6000, two 5 pipes- nyh tor-ped-nyh app-pa-ra-tov, ver-to-le-ta ko-ra-bel-no-go ba-zi-ro-va-nia. There was a variant (vpo-trace-st-vii from-klo-nen-ny) with uto-p-len-ny-mi in the corps PU for the main-no-go-ra-ket-no-go complex-sa, with two 130-mm one-but-barrels-we-we-we-we-we-we-we-we-we-we-we-we-we-wa-lo ti up to 200 meters and not-accepting-le-my growth in-to-from-me-shche-tion. It would be necessary to teach-you-to-be-possible-to-sti for-yes-build-te-la, in this way, the time-me-re-re-ing is “sorry”, part of it me-shche-ny and ra-ke-you would be, as it were, “you-give-le-na” to the top.

In the de-kab-re of 1972, there was a dis-view-re-nie ma-te-ria-lov es-kiz-no-go project-ta, according to re-zul-ta-tam someone-ro-go personal-but the Chief-comman gave instructions to do-ba-vit still four-you-re start-to-y-out-ta-nov-ki for osu-shche-st-in -le-tion of two full eight-mi-ra-ket-ny salvos, and two ar-to-sta-nov-ki AK-100 for-me-thread for one-well two-barreled AK -130. Everything would-lo is-pol-not-but. Strengthening the shock power of the ober-well-moose growth in-to-from-me-shche-tion, reduce the same-no-speed of the move-yes (from 34 to 32.5 knots), o-ra-no-che-no-eat angles of an arrow-la but-with-in-the-go gun.

Kon-st-ruk-tiv-naya bro-ni-ro-van-naya for-shield-ta on krei-se-re from-sut-st-vo-va-la, as for her osu-sche-st -in-le-niya on-tre-bo-wa-moose would increase-whether-to-from-me-shche-mi-no-mum by 1000 tons. It was a minus, for some-ry for-kaz-chik he closed his eyes. It was believed that the ship should have had only the ability to pro-ti-to-stand "non-combat-you" exploit-ta-qi -on-nym accidents in-time-de-no-pits, in-heat-ram and for-p-le-no-pits, but in a way and live-woo- his honor should be assessed without taking into account the effect of the weapon. At the request-bo-va-niyu on-ob-give-go-go-mi-no-small-thickness-we-sheath-ki-krei-se-ra-would-you-didn’t-me- it is 8 mm, which is more than the service life of a co-slave and increase-li-chi-va-lo its overall strength.

Pro-ti-in-lo-daughter-nye-possibility-of-crei-se-ra you-look-de-li, especially-ben-but against the background of pro-ek-ti-rue-myh GAK far-not-go action-st-via, dos-ta-precise-but modestly, but pro-ra-bot-ka va-ri-an-ta us-ta-nov-ki no-vei-she- go av-to-ma-ti-zi-ro-van-no-go guide-ro-aku-sti-che-sko-go complex-sa "Po-li-nom" in-ka-za-la that growth in-to-from-me-shche-niya with-sta-vit up to-lu-to-ra thousand tons, in what way and re-shi-whether og-ra-ni-chit -sya new GAK "Pla-ti-na", someone already passed the test. The range of ob-on-ru-zhe-niya with normal guide-ro-lo-gi-che-sky conditions-lo-vi-yah with-stav-la-la mi-ni-mum 15 km , with not-bla-go-with-yat-nyh at least 1 km. In such a way, the idea of ​​\u200b\u200bcreating, as it were, de-ra for pro-ti-vo-lo-daughter groups na-cha-la die without joining according to the complexes of voo-ru-zhe-niya and os-on-shche-tion, not having the possibility of you-full-of-non-functions of half-but-price-no-go flag-man-ko-ko-slave-la ta-ko-go-unity-not-niya, krei-ser na-chi-nal become-but-wind-sya-ko-slave-lem, someone- ry "gu-la-et by itself." But so-kim it was made-la-whether in a swarm about-ti-in-re-chi-vye tre-bo-va-niya for-kaz-chi-ka.

The USSR then for the first time felt the influence of the mi-ro-vo-go energy-ge-ti-che-go kri-zi-sa, that’s why before con -st-hands-then-ra-mi would-la-be-le-on for-da-cha to-beat-sya eco-no-mii then-p-li-va due to you-she- niya eco-no-mich-no-sti us-ta-nov-ki, what would-lo os-sche-st-in-le-but out-dre-ni-em te-p-lo-uti-li- for-qi-on-no-go con-tu-ra.

Technical project 1164 was approved on August 21, 1974. Until 1979, A.K. was the main con-st-hand-to-rum. Perkov, then he was replaced by V.I. Mu-ti-hin.

The head cruiser of the Slav-va project was listed in the list of the Navy on May 20, 1973, a ship, on November 6, 1976, for- lo-wife at the factory named after 61 Kom-mu-na-ra in Ni-ko-lae-ve (building number 2008), July 27-la, 1979 launched into -du, from December 10, 1981, on-cha-elk for-se-le-eki-pa-zha, in September-Tyab-re 1982 - for-vo-dskie-to- vy-py-ta-niya, November 3, 1982, the first exit to the sea, December 30, 1982 On January 30, 1983, the flag was raised and on February 7, 1983, the cray-ser entered the Black Sea Fleet (150 brig. -yes ra-ket-nyh ko-slave-lei 30 di-vi-zii). On May 16, 1995, he received a new name - “Mo-sk-va”.

The second swarm krei-ser se-rii - "Ad-mi-ral flo-ta Lo-bov." September 17, 1977, for-numbers in the list of the Navy, October 5, 1979, for-lo-wives at the plant named after. 61 Kom-mu-na-ra in Ni-ko-lae-ve (building number 2009), February 25, 1982, launched, from May 1985 on- chi-na-et-sya for-se-le-nie eki-pa-zha, from 11 ap-re-la to 12 aug-hundred 1986 , September 15, 1986, under-pi-san acceptance act, September 21, 1986, the flag was raised and November 5, 1986, the cray-ser-vo- went to the composition of the Northern Fleet (120 brigade-da-ra-ket-ko-slave 43 divisions). On November 5, 1986, he was re-re-ime-no-van in the Mar-sha-la Us-ti-no-va.

The third krey-ser project-ek-ta - “Cher-vo-on Uk-rai-na”. July 31, 1979 for-lo-wives at the plant named after. 61 Kom-mu-na-ra in Ni-ko-lae-ve (p. No. 2010), November 5, 1982 for-number in the list of Navy co-workers, June 26 -la 1983 launched into the water. Crew-page sfor-mi-ro-van December 1, 1986 From August 15-a-hundred to December 1, 1989 ta-niya, December 25, 1989 under-pi-san acceptance act. On January 7, 1990, the flag was raised. On August 10, 1990, the crei-ser was introduced into the force of a hundred-yan combat-howl of go-to-no-sti. Since December 21, 1995 - "Varyag".

Missile crai-se-ry project 1164 pre-na-sign-che-us for on-not-se-niya strikes against large over-water ships-slave and shock-nym groups-peer-ditch-kam against-no-ka, to ensure-pe-che-niya combat-howl mustache-toy-chi-in-sti-ko-ra-bel-nyh pro-ti- in-lo-daughter-in-is-in-gift-groups, for solving the tasks of collective-lec-tiv-noy pro-ty-in-air-shower-no -ro-ny with-unity and con-in-ev in remote areas of the seas and oceans. Support -ka de-san-tov, shelling in a be-re-zhya, for-nya-th against-no-one.

According to the construction, the ship is long-but-in-lu-bach-ny, with the development of that three-island-over-system, the tower-not-in-add- us-mi pi-ra-mi-dal-na-mi fok- and gro-t-mach-ta-mi. To improve the os-to-chi-vo-sti and mo-re-move-no-sti span-go-uty, kor-pu-sa have a strong raz-shaft, and fore-shte- wreath strong on-clone. In the first from-se-ke, according to the no-so-wu ta-ran-th re-bor-ku dis-la-ga-yut-sya auxiliary me-shche-tion and kla-do-vye. In the second from-se-ke, lower va-ter-li-nii you-go-rod-ka guide-ro-aku-sti-che station "Pla-ti-na", you -she - chain box, spi-le-vaya and kla-do-vye. The third from-sec practical-ti-che-ski half-no-stu for-ni-ma-et under-turret from-de-le-nie and in gre-ba 130-mm weapon- diya, ven-ti-la-tor-nye and combat posts. The fourth from-sec from-ve-den under cube-ri-ki and kayu-you, with ag-re-gat-us-mi in-me-sche-niya-mi in the hold. In the fifth from-se-ke, mi-mo-lya, ra-po-lo-women rowed the battle-for-pa-sa for depth bombs. In the sixth from-se-ke times-me-shche-na combat-howl in-for-ma-qi-on-ny center, BI-US, some-rye are connected with the battle -howl rub-coy-man-dir-sky lift-tom. In the seventh from-se-ke races-on-the-same-we-mo-ga-tel-me-ha-bottom-we, including the howl of a pair of wings-e-out devices us-po-koi-te-lei quality. Eight-my from-sec but-so-machine-noe from-de-le-nie with march-she-you-mi tour-bi-na-mi, re-duk-to-ra-mi, TUK and pa-ro-you-mi auxiliary-mo-ga-tel-ny-mi tour-bi-na-mi on a common ra-me, de-vya-th from-sec auxiliary-mo-ga-tel- nyh me-ha-niz-mov and the second pair of pairs of mustaches-po-koi-te-lei kach-ki. Behind that, the cor-mo-machine-noe from de-la-nie with the for-soot-we-mi tour-by-on-mi. One-on-twenty-th from-sec - auxiliary me-ha-bottom-we, in the next-blowing - under-pa-bast-po-gre-ba SAM "Fort »with start-to-you-mi ba-ra-ba-na-mi, as well as in-gre-ba and in-vo-dy sys-te-we are hundred-now-ki in PC fur -2 (on board), cargo lift. In three-on-twenty-volume and four-tyr-on-twelve-th from-se-kah times-me-shcha-yut-sya cube-ri-ki eki-pa-zha, they have auxiliary mo-ga-tel-nye and service rooms, tor-pedo app-pa-ra-you, and in the area 300-310 punks-go-outs in gr -ba and launchers of anti-aircraft missiles "Osa". Kor-mo-howl from-sek, in the basic-new-nom, serves to separate the buk-si-rue-mo-go an-ten-no-go device-swarm-st-va and a system for his hundred-new-ki and rise-e-ma, also in the cor-me you-go-ro-wives ah-ter-peak. On the whole pro-tya-zhe-ni-ko-slave-la has a double bottom (where there are-po-la-ga-yut-xia-p-living-cis-ter-ns), times-ra-bo-ta-on the sys-te-ma platforms. The basics in-gre-ba battle-for-pa-sa times-not-se-us according to the co-slave, times-de-le-we re-re-bor-ka-mi and supply same-we sis-te-ma-mi oro-she-niya and for-that-n-le-niya. All these measures are con-st-ruk-tiv-but provide-pe-chi-va-yut live-woo-honor and not-so-p-lyae-bridge krei-se-ra at the same time- p-le-nii of any three from-se-kov, except for machines from de-le-ny.

In the con-st-hand-tion of the lungs you-go-ro-dock inside the cor-pu-sa use-use-yut-sya-on-a-row with a steel of alu-mi-nie- you alloys. Above-pa-bast superstructures in the areas of air-to-action pla-me-ne steel, upper con-st-hands for lightening from-go-tov-le-ny from aluminum-mi-ni-th alloys. On the lower tiers, the flag-man-sky command-and-command point, the cabin of the senior officers, the cabin-t-com-pa-niya. Blocks of over-construction have tech-no-lo-gi-che-sky times for the fact that it would not be included in the general strength of the core -pu-sa and didn’t crack due to stress from gi-ba. Raz-vy-tye dy-mo-ho-dy with sis-te-ma-mi air-du-ho-for-bo-ra times-me-sche-us across the rivers-ko-slave-la. Immediately behind the smoke-mo-you-mi pipe-ba-mi us-ta-nov-len crane with a load-of-lift-capacity of 8.5 tons.

In the cor-my-howl part of the main pa-lu-be in the form of del-no-go island-ro-va di-me-schen ver-to-summer an-gar, to -to-ry ven-cha-et 30 ton an-ten-on "For-ta", yes, in the cor-me heli-summer square with sys-te-ma- mi obes-pe-che-niya take off and in the garden. They have, in my opinion, on-bo-ra spa-sa-tel-ny funds, a roaming command-man-dir-sky ka-ter project 1404 and ra-bo -whose ka-ter pro-ek-ta 1402.

Time of ex-tren-no-go when-go-tov-le-niya ko-slave-la to battle and in-ho-du - 12 minutes, auto-nom-nost ko-slave 30 days-current, mo-re-walk-ness not-og-ra-no-chen-naya. The use of the main complexes of weapons of weapons is possible, but with a bor-to-vom kre-not up to 15 deg-du-owls, ki-le-howl-ke up to 5 hail-du-owls, wind-re up to 20 m/sec. The diameter of the circulation is 655 meters. Sys-te-ma us-for-some-kach-ki ty-pa UK 134-6, has four-you-re av-to-ma-ti-zi-ro-van-ny wings-la -shcha-dyu on 6 sq. meters, with an increased speed of re-re-cladding.

Basic tech-no-che-ha-rak-te-ri-sti-ki go-lov-no-go krei-se-ra project-ta 1164 following: in-do - from the standard 9380 tons, the total 11490 tons, the largest 11720 tons. The main dimensions of the cor-pu-sa: length of 186.4 m, width of 20.8 m, draft along mi-de-lu with full water -from-me-shche-nii 6.28 m, draft along the but-so-in-mu bul-bu 8.4 meters. Size-me-re-niya on con-st-ruk-tiv-noy water-ter-line-nii: 170x19.5 meters.

Whoa-ru-same-nie

The main-new military-ru-same-nie krei-se-ra - a complex of strike-no-ra-ket-no-go weapons "Ba-salt" with the system-the-my manager-le -Niya "Argon-1164" (an-ten-ny post of races-on-lo-women on a new-so-howl hundred-ro-not f-to-mach-you). The complex is pre-designated for raising important single-night and group-on-over-water targets against-no-ka. May be the weight of one-night and hall-of-a-boo shooting. In-seven double-en-nyh-not-on-in-dya-shih-sya-k-to-y-out mustaches-ta-no-wok SM-248 races-on-the-same-on-board-but (angle na-clo-na - 30 deg-du-owls). Combat-for-pass - 16 anti-ship missiles. You-da-cha tse-le-instruction-for-shooting-would-be-ne-chi-va-et-sya ap-pa-ra-tu-swarm reception-ma satellite-no-ko-howl- for-ma-tion "Corvette-5", as well as up-pa-ra-tu-swarm reception-ma in-for-ma-tion, both from Tu-95RTs sa-mo-lyo-tov, and from own-st-ven-no-go-ko-ra-bel-no-go ver-that-le-ta raz-ved-ki and purpose-le-instruction. Maxi-small firing range - 550 km. Warhead - fu-gas-no-ku-mu-la-tiv-naya or nuclear-naya.

On the third krey-se-re of project 1164 “Cher-vo-na Uk-rai-na”, instead of a hundred ba-sal-ta, there was a us-ta-nov-len complex “Vol-kan "with a maximum firing range of 700 km.

Pe-re-for-a-row-ka-ra-ket "Ba-salt" and "Vol-kan" pro-from-in-dit-xia only in the base, with the help of ra-ke- then-boot-devices

The main anti-aircraft weapon is the multi-channel missile complex of the Fort collective defense. "Fort" is pre-designated for the destruction of the same-same you-with-quick-ro-st-nyh, maneuverable and small-sized -lei in the entire dia-pa-zo-not heights, to super-small, as well as sea targets of medium sizes. As part of the complex complex, it enters the sub-pa-lub-naya start-to-vay us-ta-nov-ka ba-ra-ban-no-go ti-pa B-204 with in-se -mu ba-ra-ban-ny-mi device-swarm-st-va-mi for 8 TPK. Start ra-ke-you - under-pa-lub-ny, ver-ti-kal-ny from trans-port-but-start-to-go-con-tey-ne-ra with start-up mar -she-in-go move-ga-te-la after you-ho-yes ra-ke-you, which provides-ne-chi-va-et in the heat-ditch-zry-in-be-zo -pas-nost in-gre-ba. Start-up-ke-you pro-out-of-dit-Xia from con-tey-not-ra under the start-up hatch. After going down, ra-ke-you ra-ke-you ba-ra-ban in-ra-chi-va-et-sya, you-in-dya on the line of the star -nuyu ra-ke-tu in TPK. General combat-for-pas 64 - ra-ke-you. In the composition of the start-up of the us-ta-nov-ki B-204, they also include for-load devices-swarm-st-va, us-ta-nav-li-vayu- trans-port-but-launch-to-con-tey-not-ry with ra-ke-ta-mi with pa-lu-to-slave-la in rowing on the right-lying ba-ra-ba-nov.

The firing range would be 5-75 km. The re-action time of the complex in the mode of de-jour-st-va is from 16 to 19 seconds, rotating an-ten-on the radar provides -chi-va-et one-but-temporal co-pro-in-g-de-ing 6 targets and on-ve-de-ing on them two rockets-ke-you in pro- country-st-ven-nom sec-to-re 90x90 deg-du-owls.

The air defense system of the near-not-go action is represented by two-one-but-ka-nal-ny-mi complex-sa-mi 4K33 "Osa-M" (later - 4K33A " Wasp-MA"), some-rye pre-signed for sa-mo-ob-ro-ny from low-to-le-ty-ing pro-ti-in-ko-ra-bel- nyh rockets, sa-mo-le-tov, ver-to-let-tov, as well as for hitting over-water targets at a distance from 1 to 10, and on you-so-those up to 5 km. The Osa-M air defense system is us-ta-nov-le-na on-board-but: each complex has two-balloons-in-a-dya-scha-sya in both -their planes start-up us-ta-nov-ku ZIF-122, rowed for 20 missiles and their own control system and about-on-ru-same-nia. General combat reserve - 40 missiles.

Art-til-le-riy-skoe voo-ru-same-nie representing-becoming-le-but two-weapon-diy-noy 130-mm av-to-ma-ti-che-ar-tu-sta- the new AK-130 with the radio-lo-ka-ci-on-noy system of my management MP-184 "Lev". System-te-ma management of many-dia-pa-zone-naya, with radio-lo-ka-tsi-on-ny and te-le-vi-zi-on-ny ka- na-la-mi vi-zi-ro-va-niya goals. Maxi-small rate of fire - 85 shots in mi-well-tu. In the pre-de-lah to-sya-gae-mo-sti bo-e-pri-pa-sa complex provides-pe-chi-va-et shelling of ucha-st-kov in-be-re- zhya, port-to-out and other be-re-go-vy co-weapons, uk-re-p-len-th points at de-sant-but-you-sa-doch -nyh opera-ra-qi-yah of the forces of the fleet against the be-re-ha; maybe the weight of the ar-til-le-riy-sky sea battle with over-the-waters-us-k-slave-la-mi and attack the sea targets-whether them and large sizes; to-ra-reap different types of air-spirited goals, including low-to-le-thya-ra-ke-you. The rate of shooting would be re-gu-li-ru-et-sya from single-night shots or volleys to o-re-days. The firing range would be 24,1 km, the vitality of the barrel was over 1500 shots, the ammunition stock was 360 rounds per barrel.

For-ra-zhe-niya low-to-le-ty-shy air-soul goals on ru-be-same to st-re-la, fight with small-lo-size-measures -we-mi over-water-we-mi goals-la-mi, easy-to-bro-ni-ro-van-na-mi-be-re-go-you-mi objects-ek-ta-mi, unich -the same floating mines have fast-firing auto-to-ma-you AK-630M- three ba-ta-rei in co-hundred-ve of two art-to-hundred-no-wok and one SU. Management of the shooting-battle from the radar station MP-123 "Vym-sang" or from the sighting column. The rate of fire would be 5000 shots in a mi-well-tu, the range in terms of height is 5 km, the maximum range is up to 8 km. Total ammo - 48000 shots.

Pro-ti-in-lo-daughter-noe vo-ru-same-nie krei-se-ra includes SJSC "Pla-ti-na" (MG-335). The range of about-on-ru-zhe-niya-under-water-boats-docks with b-go-nice-nyh hyd-ro-lo-gi-che-sky conditions-lo-vi-yah with- becomes-la-et 15 km, when you turn on the buk-si-rue-my an-ten-na re-re-men-noy depth-by-we in-yav-la-et-sya is possible -ability to “listen” to the go-ri-zones-you are below the same layer of tempo-pe-tour-no-go jump. In-mi-mo about-on-ru-zhe-niya, co-pro-in-g-de-niya, class-si-fi-ka-tion and op-re-de-le-niya co-or- di-nat on-on-ru-female goals, "Pla-ti-on" can you-give data in co-ra-bel-th combat in-form-ma -qi-on-nuyu system-te-mu, or directly on the device, shoot-to-ti-in-lo-daughter-no-th weapon, obes-pe-chi-va- there is a two-way communication with underwater boats, identification, as well as tre-ni-ditch-ki opera-ra-to-ditch guide -ro-aku-sti-kov on the built-in tre-on-the-same-re. An-ten-ns can work in active and passive modes, in the near and far in the is-ke.

The main new pro-ty-in-lo-daughter-noe voo-ru-same-tion - two five-pipe-in-mouth-tor-ped-ups-pa-ra- that PTA-53-1134 caliber 533 mm. Shooting-ba pro-from-in-dit-sya through bor-th-th-th lac-port-you. Pro-ti-in-boat-daughter tor-pedes of the SET-65 type have a speed of up to 40 knots, a range of up to 16 km. Warhead weight - 205 kg. Combat kit - 10 tor-peds.

It is possible to use a complex of self-propelled guides-ro-acu-sty-che-im-ta-to-ditch, some-rye also start- ka-yut-sya from tor-ped-no-go app-pa-ra-ta. It has the ability to shoot pro-ti-in-lo-daughter-ra-ke-to-tor-pe-da-mi complex-sa “Vo-do-pad-NK ".

The universal re-active bom-bo-met-system "Smerch-2" serves to deter those going to the ship -ped, to fight against underwater-we-di-ver-san-ta-mi, in the extreme case with underwater-we-mi boats (on dis-tan -qi-yah about-on-ru-zhe-niya less than 6 km) and for shooting at be-re-go-y targets. The system includes two 12-barrel mustaches-ta-nov-ki RBU-6000 with a power drive and a swarm ; re-active depth bombs RSL-60; control devices for shooting-battle "Storm". Bom-would be from a gre-ba, yes-yut-spe-tsi-al-ny-mi rise-no-ka-mi, after-after-ra-zha-niya after-not -th trunk-la us-ta-nov-ka av-to-ma-ti-che-ski pe-re-ho-dit in mode on-ve-de-nia. After you-str-li-va-niya, she auto-ma-ti-che-ski returns to the mode for-rya-zha-niya. Pre-du-watch-ren re-reserve manual drive of the us-ta-nov-ki.

The firing range would be up to 6 km, the depth of the object would be up to 500 meters, a fuse or a blow-on-th action, or dis-tan-qi-on-ny (for op-re-de-len-noy depth-bi-ny). All these data are entered with the help of the control of the shooting-battle, not-on-middle-st-veins-but before you-arrow. The total ammunition stock of 144 bombs (for 6 salvos for each RBU) instead of the RSL-60, more advanced ones can be used sleep-row-dy 90-R (RPK-8).

Radio-electronic-electronic-army-representing-becoming-le-but three-co-or-di-nat-ny RLC MR-800 "Flag" (station MR-700 "Fre -gat-M ”and MP-600“ Vos-hod ”with the sys-te-my ob-ra-bot-ki data“ Bai-kal-F ”(later -“ Poy-ma ”) and an -ten-noy op-know-va-niya), able to about-on-ru-live-vat in san-ti-met-ro-vom and de-tsi-met-ro-vom dia-pa -zo-nah air targets at a distance of up to 480 km, and over-water up to 40 km (without a helicopter). From the third co-slave of the Fri-gat radar for-me-not-on to the more modern Fre-ga-t-MA. She has two an-ten-lattice in the form of flat-po-lo-ten “back-to-back”, for short-mouth-to-wave-but-to- go-dia-pa-zo-on (size 3.4x3.3 m) and long-but-wave-but-in-go dia-pa-zo-for an hour-that (size 3.54x2.42 m), with a single sys-te-my ob-ra-bot-ki in-for-ma-tion. “Dead zone” - 2 km, before the start-up conditions of the wave-non-nia 20 degrees-do-owls with a bor-th-th cr-ne and 10 degrees-du- owls at ki-le-howl quality-ke. Os-ve-shche-tion of the distant above-the-water about-sta-nov-ki and tse-le-instruction-for-nie (through satellites) os-shche-st-v- la-et-sya station-mi "Kor-vet". Na-vi-ga-tsi-on-ny complex "Sal-gir-U" includes three radars of the MP-212 "Vai-gach" type. Communication facilities of the e-di-ne-na complex in the Typhoon-2 complex, there are Tsu- na-mi-BM" and "Cry-stall". Management of the sub-system-te-ma-mi osu-sche-st-in-la-et-sya BI-US "Lumberjack-1164".

On the cruise-se-re, there are 12x10 launchers in the fur system PK-10 and 2x2 launchers (ZIF-121) in the fur of PK-2, as well as a full set of ra -dio-lo-ka-tsi-on-no-go voo-ru-zhe-niya complex-sa MP-152 "Ring-tso" according to-on-ru-zhe-niya ra-bo-tayu- radio and lo-ka-tsi-on-ny stations, go-lo-wok sa-mo-na-ve-de-niya ra-ket against-tiv-ni-ka, their swaddling- go-va-niyu, in-dav-le-niyu tracts on-ve-de-niya ra-ket and other pro-ti-vo-de-st-via (MRP-3, MP- 150, MP-152 "Gur-Zuf", etc.).

On the crei-se-re, there can be a ba-zi-ro-va-xia one vert-to-years of the Ka-27 type.

Energy-ge-ti-che-sky us-ta-nov-ka

In the capacity of the main engines-ga-te-lei, use-pol-zo-va-ny two volume-e-di-nen-av-to-ma-ti-zi-ro-van -nyh ag-re-ga-ta M-21 of the third co-le-tion, some include two marches of eco-no-mich-nyh re-vers-siv-nyh tour-by-ns M-70 of 10,000 hp, four-you-re for-soot mustaches-ko-ryay-ing tour-by-ns (also re- ver-siv-nye) type-pa M-8KF, 22500 hp each. and two one-hundred-yang-but dey-st-vuyu-ing pair-ro-vye tour-bi-na TUK of 1500 hp each. (when you turn on all the sources of hot-rya-che-go from-ra-bo-tan-no-go-ga-for their power-to-you-sha-et-sya to 2500 hp). In such a way, the maximum long-term power of the GEM krei-se-ra is 113000 hp. (115000 hp).

Full speed ho-da ko-slave - 32.5 knots. Max-si-small range of navigation with an eco-no-mi-ch-house is more than 8000 miles.

Marching tours-bi-ns, race-like-women-nye in the but-so-machine-nom from de la nii, have a two-cascade amor -ti-za-tion and ra-bo-ta-yut on the shafts through two-speed-ro-st-re-duk-to-ry. For-sazh-nye tours-by-ns (in the cor-mo-machine-nom from de-le-nii) us-ta-nov-le-na to one-but-kas-kad-naya amor -ti-za-tion and connect-not-us with the shaft sound-ko-iso-li-ruyu-shi-mi muf-ta-mi, through spa-ri-vayu-shchy one-but -speed-ro-st-nye re-duk-to-ry, some-rye give 300 rpm for screws. Energy management -ko-howl sis-te-we.

On the krei-se-re, te-p-lo-uti-li-for-qi-on-ny circuit-tour is used, in some-rum they use-pol-zo-van-nye in tour- bi-nah gas-zy by the-pe-ra-tu-swarm up to 400 deg-du-owls ear-dyat in the steam-howl of the ko-tel spe-ci-al-noy con-st-ruc-tion. In-yes, it turns into steam, someone in turn re-re-gre-va-et-sya and goes as if to something well -dy, and in tour-bi-ns, some-rye “can-ga-yut” rotate the screws, increasing the overall efficiency in such a way energy-go-us-ta-nov-ki by 20%, at 18 knots by 12%, and for-one-but and reduce te-pe-ra-to-ru exhaust gases.

Three power stations with a total power of 8250 kW are used to generate electricity, in some races-by-la-ha -there are two gas-tours-bo-ge-not-ra-to-ra, power-no-stu of 1500 and 1250 kW, you-ra-ba-you-vayu-schee three-phase- re-re-men-ing current 380 volts (50 hertz). Has one emergency os-ve-ti-tel-ny diesel generator.

The number of crew members is from 485 people (including 66 officers, 64 midshipmen and 355 mat-ro-owls on Slava) up to 476 people (62 officers) on the next blowing). The residential block in the premises for the officers has a beautiful department and dos-that-accurate-but-sto-ra. Kayu-t-com-pa-ni from de-la-ny de-re-vyan-ny-mi pa-not-la-mi with in-kru-sta-qi-ee, car-ti-na-mi and carpet-ro-you-mi on-cover-tia. Mo-rya-kov, accustomed to regular co-ra-bel-ny sau-us, are here and com-for-ta-bel-ny pool with water do-pa-house of sea water, le-cheb-soul-shi, wide par-ril-ka, carved pre-ban-nick - on the krei-se-rakh simple flock sau-on you-half-nya-et the role of oz-to-ro-vi-tel-no-go center-tra in the far-them in-ho-dah. Not-bad-ho os-na-sche-na am-bu-la-to-riya. Micro-ro-cli-mat in more-me-sche-ni-yah ko-slave-la creates-yes-is-sya with the help of four-you-reh ho-lo-dil-ny mouths -no-wok BM-600.

Create a project

Raids from Tuapse

Accident at oil pier No. 4 and repair

And on June 13, enemy aircraft sank the transports "Abkhazia" and "Georgia", which were going to Sevastopol with ammunition. The defenders of the city were left almost without shells, and the commander of the Sevastopol defensive area and fleet, F. S. Oktyabrsky, ordered the Molotov cruiser to be sent here again with troops and possibly more ammunition. This risky decision was based on the fact that the cruiser managed to break through to Sevastopol during the hours of darkness, unload and leave the dangerous area. June 14 at 8:21 "Molotov" left Tuapse and, having developed a 30-knot speed, at 11:15 arrived in Novorossiysk. Standing at the Import Pier, he took on board 373 tons of ammunition, 45 tons of food, 60 tons of various property and 24 mortars, and then moved to berth No. 5 to receive fuel oil and land troops (3175 people). On June 15, at 02:20, the cruiser put to sea, escorted by the destroyer Imperfect, at a speed of 20 to 29 knots. Enemy air reconnaissance did not appear en route, and at 0:06 on June 16, the ships safely entered the main base. Mooring was hampered by a 6-point south wind and the absence of mooring poles destroyed by shells and bombs, but the cruiser nevertheless got up to the Coal Pier and began to quickly unload. At the wall, the stern of the Molotov was kept by a tug all the time, but the wind twice drove the ship away from the shore. From 100-mm guns, the cruiser opened fire on the village of Kamyshly, having used up 84 shells. In response, German artillery opened fire at the place of his parking, and heavy shells exploded on the pier and in the water. From the headquarters of the base received an order to return immediately. At 1:55 a.m., the ship with 1,625 wounded and 382 evacuees without the help of tugboats, only with the help of its machines, which worked at odds, that is, in opposite directions, turned to the exit and at 2:40 a.m. passed booms (62 boxes of ammunition remained unloaded). At 3:11 the ship lay down on a course of 137 ° and at a speed of 20 knots from 3:17 to 3:34 fired Kamyshly and Alsu with the main caliber, having used up 113 shells. Increasing the course, the cruiser, together with the “Impeccable”, left the zone of action of the blockade forces of the enemy and on June 17 at 1:25 arrived in Novorossiysk, where it unloaded and left for Poti on June 18.

During the defense of Sevastopol, he delivered to the main base 9440 fighters and commanders, the Katyusha unit, 560 guns, 45 mortars, 16,800 rifles, 3680 machine guns and machine guns, 10 wagons of bombs and 145 wagons of ammunition. More than 6,000 wounded soldiers, women and children were taken out of the besieged city. Sometimes the overload was 1000 tons, and the quarters of the cockpits were so full of boxes of ammunition that in the event of combat damage, the work of emergency parties in some places would be impossible. Due to the placement of cargo above the waterline, the metacentric height decreased from 1.2 m to 0.75 m, and in this position, when the rudder was shifted at the time of evading air attacks, the roll of the ship reached 10 °, which made it difficult to conduct anti-aircraft fire.

The shelling of Feodosia and the fatal air attack

During the preparation of the enemy for forcing the Kerch Strait and landing on the Taman Peninsula, the squadron commander, Vice Admiral L.A. Vladimirsky, received the task from the Military Council of the Black Sea Fleet: on the night of August 3, fire at Feodosia, its port and the piers of the Dvuyakornaya Bay to destroy those concentrated there ( according to intelligence) ships and floating craft. The cruiser "Molotov" and the leader "Kharkov" were ordered to carry out this operation. According to the plan, on August 2, at 17:20, the ships from Tuapse were to go to sea and move west until dark, and then turn to the designated area and firing position by the beginning of the next day. To ensure orientation and reliable observation of ships at night, the M-62 submarine was sent to the firing area, which was supposed to mark its place with white fire. Molotov was to fire on Feodosia (for this, 180 shells of 180 mm caliber were issued), and Kharkov was to attack Dvuyakornaya Bay. A simultaneous fire raid was to be carried out within 15 minutes. It was believed that the enemy, due to the suddenness of the attack, would not be able to counteract.

On the evening of August 1, Molotov and Kharkov left Poti and arrived in Tuapse at 5:03 in the morning, where they were twice discovered by German reconnaissance aircraft. On August 2, at 16:00, the commander of the cruiser brigade, Rear Admiral Basisty, Nikolai Efremovich, raised the flag on the cruiser and ordered to weigh anchor and follow to Feodosia. The ships left the port at 17:12 (the leader walked ahead, followed by the cruiser) at 26 knots: they were guarded by four torpedo boats, two MBR-2 naval bombers and two LaGG-3 fighters. Soon, the German reconnaissance aircraft He-111 noticed the exit of the ships to the sea and at 17:59 at an altitude of 7000 m flew over the Molotov. It became clear that the secrecy of the operation was broken. To confuse the Germans, the ships at 18:05 lay on a false course in the direction of Novorossiysk, and when the He-111 disappeared, they turned west. But at 18:50, an enemy reconnaissance aircraft reappeared over the detachment, and by this time the escort aircraft had returned to base. The ships fired on the plane and turned back to Novorossiysk, but it did not lag behind them and remained on the radar screens until 21:00. With the onset of darkness at 20:30, the ships lay down on a course of 270 ° and increased their speed to 28 knots.

At 23:15 the moon rose and visibility improved significantly. After 10 minutes, "Molotov" and "Kharkov" turned to the area where the M-62 was supposed to be, but it was not possible to detect the light signal given from the boat, and they had to clarify their place using coastal landmarks. By midnight, the outlines of capes Meganom, Kiik-Atlam and the top of Mount Kara-Dag began to emerge right along the course. It turned out that due to frequent course changes, the ships ended up 12 cables west of the meeting point. Observation along the coast of 100-130 cables at night did not ensure the accuracy of firing at an invisible object with an area of ​​\u200b\u200babout a square kilometer, but the cruiser commander nevertheless decided to open fire. At 0:53, when the ships were already on a combat course of 65 °, the Italian torpedo boats MAS-568 and MAS-573 appeared to the left of the Molotov's bow. The cruiser turned sharply to the right and increased speed to full speed, having managed to avoid the attack of boats. But the initial data for shooting had to be recalculated again.

At 0:59, the leader opened fire on the Dvuyakornaya Bay, and at the same moment the German coastal batteries located on the capes of Ilya and Kiik-Atlam opened fire on the Molotov. Seven three-gun volleys fell with great accuracy, several of them covered the cruiser - the Nazis, apparently, used radar. At 01:05, when the Molotov left for the salvo point, according to the second calculation of the initial data, its signalmen again found a torpedo boat on the left at a heading angle of 20 °, and the cruiser immediately increased its speed, turned to the right and opened fire on the boat from machine guns. It was impossible to maintain the steady maneuvering of the cruiser necessary for shooting accuracy, and the brigade commander ordered to retreat south at a 28-knot speed. At 01:19, the ships moving away from the Crimean coast were attacked by a torpedo bomber (from the left side beam it was approaching the Molotov). The cruiser commander M.F. Romanov turned right in time, and the torpedo passed along the starboard side. After 5 minutes, a simultaneous attack by two torpedo bombers followed. One went to the cruiser from the right beam, the other - from the left heading angle of 110 °. Because of the obstructed moonlight, the second plane was discovered late. From a distance of 3-6 cable "Molotov" opened intense fire and began to circulate to the left, avoiding the right torpedo bomber, which was at a heading angle of 150 ° and dropped two torpedoes. The second torpedo bomber also dropped two torpedoes from the starboard side. Two torpedoes passed astern, the third along the port side, and the fourth at 1:27 hit the stern end of the ship on the right. One of the torpedo bombers was still shot down by fire from the cruiser's stern guns.

A torpedo explosion tore off 20 m of the aft end of the cruiser up to the 262nd frame with a rudder, a tiller compartment with a steering gear and a chemical compartment. 18 people died. All rooms in the area of ​​the explosion were destroyed, the bracket of the right shafting was also deformed and the cone of the propeller shaft was strongly bent. The ship lost control. Damage to the propellers and the right propeller shaft caused a strong vibration of the hull, and the stroke dropped to 10 knots, due to which the pressure in the boilers rose above the critical one, the safety valves worked, and a column of steam escaped into the atmosphere with a deafening whistle, forming a white cloud over the ship . The cruiser began to describe the circulation to the left, as the side skin bent by the explosion acted as a rudder laid on board. According to senior assistant S. V. Domnin, initially no one heard the explosion of the torpedo and did not feel any damage from the bow navigation bridge due to the firing of the guns. But only then did the helmsman on duty report problems with the rudder, and the commander saw that the cruiser was circulating to the left. It was not possible to transmit the order by telephone to transfer control of the rudders to the steering compartment, and the sailor sent there reported that the stern had been torn off by the stern bollards. Having specified the degree of damage, M.F. Romanov gave a radiogram to the commander of the fleet and received a reply in a few minutes in plain text:

Bassist, Romanov. Save the cruiser at all costs. I send all means of assistance at my disposal. October.

Around 01:30, the damaged cruiser was attacked by a torpedo boat, but her torpedoes missed. In the meantime, the crew began to carry out emergency work, and soon they managed to ensure movement in a direct course. To do this, the left car was turned on “full forward” (240 rpm), and the right one was turned on “smallest back” (30-50 rpm). At 2 o'clock in the morning, they began to prepare a tugboat to apply it to the leader, but constant air raids and boat attacks did not allow the ships to slow down and get closer. Driven by machines, the Molotov continued to withdraw at a 14-knot course. At 05:10, our planes appeared over the ships, and 30 minutes later 6 torpedo boats entered the protection of the cruiser and the leader. But the Germans, despite the loitering fighters, did not stop attacking: on the beam of Anapa at 07:17 four torpedo bombers (two per board) entered from the stern heading angles. The cruiser opened a dense barrage with all calibers, including the main one, and one aircraft caught fire and only miraculously disappeared over the horizon, and the second was attacked by an MBR-2. The remaining two dropped torpedoes from a long distance, but missed. For 6 hours (from 01:35 to 07:31), the Nazi troops attacked the cruiser 12 times and lost two aircraft. On August 3, at 22:14, the cruiser anchored in the outer roads of Poti, and the next morning she was brought into the harbor and moored at berth No. 12.

As a result of the operation, Molotov and Kharkov repelled 23 attacks (of which 12 from the air and 11 from torpedo boats), shot down three Heinkel He 111 bombers and damaged two other aircraft and a boat. The cruiser expended 2886 shells of all calibers. To ensure the withdrawal of ships from Novorossiysk and Tuapse, the Nezamozhnik destroyer, Shkval TFR, minesweeper T-495, 13 torpedo boats, 8 patrol boats and the Jupiter rescue ship left. To cover the ships, fighters made 63 sorties, naval bombers - 4. The ships did not fulfill their task, because they failed to fulfill the condition of surprise attack.

Refurbishment

The project for the restoration of the cruiser was developed in parallel by specialists from TsKB-17 and the Design Bureau of Plant No. 201. An intermediate option was chosen, which provided for the attachment of a new stern of the unfinished cruiser of Project 68 Frunze to the hull of the damaged ship, which differed in size upwards in different places from 200 to 1500 mm, due to dismantling of its outer skin and side set in the region of the 230-240th frames, subsequent bending of the set and assembly according to new formations, which ensured a smooth transition from one theoretical drawing to another. Still, the Molotov could not provide normal hull contours, but the use of the finished aft part made it possible to put the ship into operation very quickly. The stock and rudder blade were supposed to be taken from the unfinished cruiser of project 68 "Zheleznyakov", located in Leningrad at plant No. 194, the steering gear - from the cruiser "Kaganovich" under construction in Komsomolsk-on-Amur, and the rudder sensor - from the unfinished submarine L-25 , standing in Poti. Permission to use the Frunze stern and the recovery method itself were issued by the Deputy People's Commissar of the Navy for shipbuilding and armament, Admiral L. M. Galler. The repair was carried out by Plant No. 201 in Poti from October 1942 to July 1943, for which a six-ponton steel floating dock was used. lifting force 5000 tons, length along the slipway-deck 113 m and a width of 22 m. Incomplete docking was used, and the dock mass of the cruiser was 8000 tons. On December 3, the Frunze hull was partially brought into the dock, where the aft end of frame. On December 24, the Frunze was taken out of the dock without a stern.

In the meantime, the specialists of the emergency rescue service of the fleet carried out an underwater trimming of the damage to parts of the Molotov's hull. Trimming the stern afloat was carried out from the upper deck along the 252.5th frame to the first platform, then horizontally to the 262nd frame and down to keep the propeller shaft brackets (they were attached in the area of ​​255-259 frames). On December 26, the cruiser was brought into the dock for docking with the aft block of the Frunze hull, mounted on skids. The ship was set with a trim on the bow of 3 °, the bow draft was 7.5 m, the bow hanging from the dock had a length of 73.2 m. The gap between the Frunze stern block and the Molotov stern was 800 mm. The danger arose when moving the new stern to the hull of the affected ship, since there was a possibility of distortions, rolls and shocks. With the help of two-hundred-ton hydraulic jacks, the operation was successfully carried out within a day and completed on January 15, 1943, after which work began on docking decks, platforms, longitudinal bulkheads, sternposts, and outer skin. The contours of the ships did not match, therefore, transitional fairing sheets were installed at a length of 2.5 m. After the docking work was completed, the aft compartments were tested for water tightness, then the steering machine was loaded and the steering wheel was hung. At the same time, a complex operation was carried out in the workshop to straighten the propeller shaft weighing 18 tons and 22 m long, in which the cone was bent, and the propeller shaft bracket deformed by the explosion was repaired.

On April 25, the Molotov was taken out of the dock with a new stern, and until June 20, outfitting work was carried out on it afloat. During mooring tests, the steering gear crashed: due to a poorly flushed oil system, scale and dirt got into the variable displacement pump, which led to the failure of the pistons (it took a month to repair them). On July 23, the cruiser went to sea to go to Batumi, while simultaneously testing the vehicles and the hull. On July 27, running acceptance tests were carried out. According to the results, it turned out that the docking of the new stern had practically no effect on its speed. The acceptance certificate of the restored ship was signed on July 31, 1943.

On August 18, 1944, as part of the Molotov detachment, he moved to Novorossiysk, and on November 5, as part of the Black Sea Fleet squadron, the cruiser returned to Sevastopol, where he met the end of the war.

In total, from June 22, 1941 to January 1, 1944, the Molotov covered 11,652 miles in 697 running hours. Parking with heated cars totaled 316 hours, with the main boiler on duty - 10,638 hours. A total of 25,816 tons of fuel was consumed.

After the war

In November 1945, the ship was delivered to the Northern Dock of Plant No. 497, where docking and urgent work was carried out on it. On October 5, an explosion almost occurred on the cruiser: a charge ignited in the reloading compartment of the second main caliber turret during firing on the Tendra roadstead. By flooding the tower, the sailors prevented the explosion of the ship. During the liquidation of the accident, the foreman and 22 sailors died, 20 people received burns and injuries. F. S. Oktyabrsky, A. N. Kosygina, commander of the fleet, arrived on the ship: in 1948, the Rif surface target detection radar and the Guys-2 air defense radar were tested, and in 1949 - the equipment of the combat information post "Link" (prototype modern August 3 Ark Royal (xx.08.1938 - (xx.08.1939); (1946)

• Cruiser "Molotov" on the website of the Black Sea Fleet of the Russian Federation

Missile cruiser "Slava" is known all over the world...

(dedicated to the 30th anniversary of the hoisting of the USSR Naval flag on the missile cruiser Slava)

January 30, 1983 in the waters of the Nikolaev Shipbuilding Plant. 61 Kommunar was solemnly hoisted The naval flag of the USSR on the missile cruiser "Slava", which became the fifth ship in the history of the Russian fleet bearing this name ... The battle flag of the previous cruiser "Slava" was transferred to the new ship and raised by its last commander - Rear Admiral N. B. Myasoedov.

Ships with the name "Glory" have written many bright pages in the history of the Russian fleet.

In June 1770, when Russia was fighting for access to the southern seas, the 16-gun frigate Slava was in the combat strength of the Russian squadron in the Mediterranean. During the famous Battle of Chesma, the frigate Slava met a detachment of Turkish ships of 13 units. Entering into battle with them, the frigate sank two ships, burned four, took three as a prize, and then, with a daring landing, the crew landed on the shore and captured the enemy battery. This was the beginning of the heroic pedigree of ships with this name.

Eighteen years later, during the war between Russia and Sweden (1788-1790), another 38-gun frigate "Slava" of the Baltic Fleet distinguished itself in the Eland and then in the Revel naval battles.

In 1917, during the Moonsund operation, in a battle with superior enemy forces breaking into the Gulf of Finland, the armored battleship Slava of the Baltic Fleet was damaged and was scuttled by the crew right at the entrance to the Moonsund Canal. Thus, the path to revolutionary Petrograd was closed to the enemy. It was a feat akin to the legendary Varyag. The battle of the battleship Slava with German ships is wonderfully described in the book Moonsund by marine painter V. S. Pikul.

A week before the start of the Great Patriotic War a cruiser appeared in the Black Sea Fleet, which also later received the name "Glory". In terms of its dimensions, it was the longest ship in the Black Sea Fleet. During the fighting, he was torn off by a torpedo ... 27 meters of the stern. However, the ship did not lose survivability and was able to reach Novorossiysk under its own power. After some time, "Glory" was again in combat formation and the cruiser finished its combat path in 1967.

The fifth "Glory" was designed by the Northern Production and Design Bureau, headed by the chief designer, State Prize laureate Valentin Ivanovich Mutikhin. The missile cruiser "Glory" belonged to the ships of the third generation. It was laid down on the slipway of a shipyard in Nikolaev on November 5, 1976, and launched on July 27, 1979. This year I already commanded the guards large anti-submarine ship "Savvy", which was being repaired at the plant, and I, together with the crew, had to ensure the launching of "Glory" into the water. I did not even imagine then that my fate for many years would be connected with this cruiser. In December 1982, the ship successfully passed factory and state tests. At the time of the raising of the Naval flag on it, it was not just a flagship, but also the best cruiser in the world in terms of its combat capabilities and the number of weapons per ton of displacement. Interest in the "Slava" was so great that on its very first exit to the Mediterranean Sea in 1983, aircraft constantly "hung" over it various states. In less than three months of sailing, foreigners made 930 overflights of the ship.

The appearance of the Soviet missile cruiser and the power hidden in it impressed even seasoned sailors so much that when Slava, for example, met the British aircraft carrier Invincible, a semaphore was transmitted from the latter: “Amazing. Commander".

However, the new ship was admired not only abroad. Already in the first campaign, the sailors who served on it were able to appreciate it in the first place. The first such opportunity presented itself during the transition of the ship to the Northern Fleet. In the Bay of Biscay, a ship group fell into a severe storm. None of the escort ships could resist him, so they were forced to move closer to the coast. Slava, being the lead ship, continued its journey as if nothing had happened.

This ship demonstrated high driving performance three years later, in 1986, when it was sent on alert to the Libyan region, where by that time an unstable military-political situation had developed. For 37 days, the cruiser was continuously on the move in the most difficult weather conditions, performing the tasks of simultaneously tracking two US Navy aircraft carrier strike groups.

The cruiser was also a fairly serious combat enemy, as it was equipped with the most modern types of weapons at that time. The level of weapons installed on board was at least indicated by the fact that 30 years ago this ship was already equipped with three (!) Space systems: communications, reconnaissance and target designation, navigation, which even today not every more modern can boast of ship.

As part of his crew, which, by the way, consists of no less than 550 people, every fourth is a representative of the officer-midshipman staff. Enlisted sailors performed mostly operator work, and about one in five of them, in order to cope with the task assigned to him, had to undergo a special training course.

In the same 1983, when the naval flag was hoisted over Slava, this ship, together with the nuclear cruiser Kirov and the heavy aircraft-carrying cruiser Kyiv, for the first time in the history of the Soviet Navy, took part in exercises in the Northern Fleet on repel an attack of five cruise missiles simultaneously. At the same time, the crew of the Slava missile cruiser managed not only to hit air targets, but to do it even better than others.

Already in 1984, Slava became an excellent ship in the USSR Navy. And a year later, the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, Admiral of the Fleet V.N. Chernavin handed me personally, then still a captain of the 2nd rank, the pennant of the Minister of Defense of the USSR "For courage and military prowess shown in sea campaigns and exercises in 1985." At the end of 1985, by order of the Minister of Defense of the USSR, the Slava missile cruiser was listed on the Board of Honor of the USSR Ministry of Defense, which was located in Moscow in the Central Museum of the USSR Armed Forces. In addition, the cruiser in 1984-1985. was the initiator of socialist competition in the Navy of the USSR, and at that time it was very honorable.

In less than seven years that the ship was part of the combat forces of the Black Sea Fleet before it was put into the factory, the crew spent a long 20 months on long trips. There were years, like 1986, for example, when the ship's officers spent the night on the shore only 18 times!

But, perhaps, the most honorable and historical mission that the Slava missile cruiser had to perform was its participation in ensuring the meeting of the US Presidents D. Bush and the USSR M. Gorbachev on about. Malta. After its completion, George W. Bush expressed his admiration for "Slava" in a telegram addressed to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Moscow. The successful completion of this task brought the cruiser world fame.

In August 1990, the Slava missile cruiser took part in the Yalta International Conference on the identification and control of nuclear weapons on board warships on the personal instructions of M. S. Gorbachev. These days, the cruiser was visited by many world-famous scientists, as well as representatives of the navies of many countries.

On December 17, 1990, the Slava cruiser under its own power entered the waters of its native plant in Nikolaev for scheduled repairs. Thousands of factory workers solemnly welcomed the ship - the pride of the plant. And no one then imagined that the collapse of the USSR that took place soon, the long-term uncertainty of the fate of the Black Sea Fleet, chronic non-payments could put an end to the fate of Slava, and the repair of the ship would drag on for ten long years ... And only on June 12, 1997, the ship was raised Andreevsky Naval ensign of the Russian Federation. All previous years, the cruiser served in the plant. 61 Communards in Nikolaev under the flag of the USSR Navy! Although the Ukrainian admirals tried to persuade the crew to swear allegiance to Ukraine and raise the yellow-blue flag, the crew members always remembered that they were “Slavs”.

So I remembered the words of our ship's poet, midshipman Vasily Kravchenko:

Yes, there were long trips,
Not days have passed, years have flown by
Stayed for food.
And today I went to the beach.
But for how long? I do not believe -
I already feel the loss
Where is my glorious cruiser?
We can't rot at the pier.
We all know a lot about long-distance campaigns.
We have one harsh path - Go to the seas
and do your duty.
Almost three centuries to the fleet of Russians,
No one will erase these three centuries.
There is still a great ocean waiting for us.
May you be eternal, Russian fleet!

But back to the time of repairing the cruiser at the factory. There was not enough money to complete the repair, and the mayor of Moscow, Yu. M. Luzhkov, undertook to solve this problem. May 16, 1995 the cruiser "Glory" was given a new name - "Moscow". And soon the necessary significant funds were allocated for the repair of "Moscow". Further financial support became constant and increasing.

On June 19, 1999, the cruiser finally left the water area of ​​the plant in Nikolaev and on June 21 arrived in Sevastopol. In April 2000, the already guards RKR "Moscow" went to sea for sea trials. Thus began a new stage in the combat life of the ship. Over the past years, the cruiser has performed combat missions in the waters of the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific Oceans, and has visited the ports of many countries. Presidents of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin and D.A. Medvedev. And today, at the end of 2012, the Moskva cruiser is located off the coast of Syria, where a new aggravation of the military-political situation in the Middle East ...

In the life of "Slava" there was a wonderful long-term period of patronage ties and bright friendship with the Arzamas Instrument-Making Association, which played a large role in the patriotic education of the crew. The general director of the plant - Pavel Ivanovich Plandin and his excellent assistants V.P. Puchkov, N.M. Akutin, N.A. Zhivov, S.T. Metla, V.V. , who came to Arzamas after their dismissal, still live there, work and call them "Slavs". The organizer of these patronage relations was Admiral Alexei Ivanovich Sorokin, deputy head of the Main Political Directorate of the SA and the USSR Navy. He was from Arzamas and a great friend of Plandin P.I.

Much has changed over the years, but I have an unforgettable picture in my memory - in November 1986, "Glory" at the pier in Piraeus in Greece, and its deck was covered with red carnations ... It was a triumph of our country, the Navy, worship of the genius of designers , scientists, engineers, workers - all those whose hands and mind created "Glory". And the heroes were officers, midshipmen, sailors who mastered the latest military equipment and brought the cruiser to the oceans. Let's remember their names. These are: chief designer, Hero of Socialist Labor VI Mutikhin; the responsible deliverer of the cruiser M. G. Zhelo; commander of the electromechanical warhead, captain of the 2nd rank V. Fenenko; commander of the rocket and artillery warhead, captain of the 2nd rank N. Manchevsky; cruiser commander captain 1st rank V. O. Moskalenko (for the development of a new cruiser he was awarded the title of laureate of the State Prize); Deputy for Political Affairs Captain 2nd Rank A. K. Chebykin; 2nd rank captain V. Konoval, senior lieutenant V. Makeev, lieutenant commander Yu. Nesterov, lieutenant commander S. L. Tumanov, senior lieutenant V. Klimentov, senior lieutenant V. Sergeev, lieutenant commander B. Baishukanov; midshipmen M. Tsyganyuk, P. Vlas, R. Ostrovsky, M. Geplyuk; foreman of the 1st article K. Gnezdilov; foremen of the 2nd article V. Usovich, A. Lyalin; sailors A. Ivanov, S. Pastukhov, E. Lesnikov ... They, as well as all who served on this cruiser, are united by one name - "Glory". Thirty years have passed, but Slava veterans remember this cruiser's birthday, and with all my heart I want to say a huge thank you to all the officers, midshipmen, sailors, builders and factory workers for their selfless work and service, thanks to which our famous missile cruiser was created Glory to Moscow!

Fate scattered "Slavs" throughout Russia. And yet, in spite of everything, I want to believe that nothing goes in vain, and at the helm Russian statehood again there will be people who are able to declare with full responsibility and reason that, as Peter the Great bequeathed: "Where the Russian flag is raised, it will never be lowered!"

I have the honor!

Captain 1st rank Viktor Krikunov,
commander of the RRC "Slava" from 1984 to 1988,
Honored Specialist of the USSR Armed Forces