The military theme in the story is the fate of man. The hard time of the war and the fate of man (based on the work "The fate of man"). M. A. Sholokhov. The fate of man: how it was

War is a terrible and tragic event in people's lives. When pronouncing this word, a person flashes the most terrible pictures in his head, terrifying. It is the war that is the theme of the works of many authors. The writers wanted to convey to every reader what a deep impression the war left in people's lives. M.A. was such an author. Sholokhov. His historical work "The Fate of a Man" reflects the difficult fate of the Russian people during the Great Patriotic War.

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in the story in question about common man who lost all his relatives, comrades, but he did not break, he survived!

Another incident that occurred in the church where the Russian prisoners were, reveals Sokolov as a just, moral hero. Upon learning that there was a traitor next to him, who was going to hand over the Russian platoon commander to the Nazis, Andrei strangled him, after which he said: “Before that, I felt unwell after that, and I really wanted to wash my hands, as if I were not a person, but some kind of creeping reptile strangled ... "Thanks to the strength of his character, Sokolov even managed to escape from captivity. Once on his native side, the main character rejoiced for a long, long time, unlived the Russian land. Andrei recalls: “I fell to the ground and kissed it, and I have nothing to breathe ...”

The war took away from Sokolov the most important thing in his life, the most precious thing - his family: parents, wife, children. A lot of sorrows and trials fell on the shoulders of the protagonist, but he did not give up, did not lose heart, but lived on. Vanyusha was the only ray of happiness for him. An orphan boy, as lonely as Sokolov. Andrei gave him his care, affection and love, as if he were his own. What enormous mental strength a person must possess to perform such actions!

After going through a long series of trials, the main character did not lose heart, did not give up, he honestly and courageously fought for his homeland, performed incredible feats in the name of the Fatherland. Here he is, a real hero!

Updated: 2017-10-22

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Each of us in our lives sooner or later faces a choice: whether it will be in our favor or in favor of someone else depends only on us. Sometimes it can be difficult for a person to make a choice due to many circumstances: this is either a position in society, or the adverse consequences of making a particular decision, or personal beliefs. A person who faces such a problem faces a moral choice. Most often, those people who are at war are faced with a moral choice: firstly, one must be aware that they can be wounded or killed in a war, and secondly, it is important to understand and come to terms with the fact that it is necessary to destroy the enemies of the motherland for the further well-being of their country , and, finally, thirdly, in a war one can succumb to temptation and go over to the side of a stronger enemy, or, for fear of death, flee from the front.
The most common problem of moral choice in the story of Mikhail Alexandrovich Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man". The writer himself was a participant in the Second World War, and therefore had a complete understanding of the situation of soldiers in the war and in his works reflected the views of people on military operations with all objectivity and detail.
Main character story "The Fate of a Man", the driver, Andrei Sokolov, goes to fight for his country. He consciously takes this step, knowing that every soldier can contribute to the defense of his fatherland. Andrei leaves his wife and children in order to protect his native lands from the fascist invaders...
In another battle, Sokolov was wounded by a shell fragment, he fell into unconsciousness and woke up in captivity of the enemy. It was hard for Andrei to put up with the fact that now he must work tirelessly in enemy territory, and the soldier makes an attempt to escape, which, alas, was unsuccessful.
We must agree that the only way out of captivity is flight, but it also carries a number of consequences: in the event of a successful attempt to escape, the soldier is threatened with distrust among “his own”, because it is in captivity that there are often cases of going over to the side of the enemy, if the escape failed, this is followed by tougher supervision of prisoners, physical punishment, or even deprivation of life. However, Andrei Sokolov decides to run away despite the threat to his life.
During his time in captivity, Sokolov had to go through a rather difficult test: one night he overheard one of the prisoners of war reporting to the Germans about what was happening among the prisoners. Andrei decides to kill the traitor. The liquidation of the informer was not easy for the soldier, because he had to send one of his “friends” to the next world. In this episode, there is also the problem of moral choice, the outcome of which was the decision to take the life of a traitor. You need to have great courage and great willpower in order not to give up before the onslaught of war. Each of us should think about how he would act in this or that situation?
For two whole years, Sokolov was in Nazi captivity. During this time, he was on the verge of death: once Andrei had the imprudence to speak sharply about the Germans, and someone denounced him. The prisoner was summoned to the office of Muller, one of the highest-ranking persons in the department. The German invited Sokolov to drink to the victory of Germany before being shot. And what did this captive, tortured, hungry and chilled soldier do? He resolutely refused to drink to the victory of the Germans, and then Muller praised Andrei, marveling at the strength of the Russian spirit. The officer offered to drink to the health of Sokolov himself, to which the soldier silently drained his glass. Müller turned out to be one of those Germans in whom there is still a little human qualities, and he, having given Andrei bread and lard, sent him back.
Sokolov was on the verge of life and death, because it was on officer Muller that his fate depended, Andrei could drink to the victory of the Germans, because no one but him, Muller and another manager would have known about it. This act also traces the moral choice between the desire to live and devotion to one's homeland. The prisoner does not lose heart and remains faithful to his fatherland to the last. After this incident, the German authorities began to respect him, and the workload for the workers was reduced. So it took about two years. Andrei was instructed to carry the major in the car german army, and on the next trip, the prisoner decided to disarm the major and go to his own ...
And so the most terrible time of the war passed for the driver Andrei Sokolov. By the end of the Second World War, he had not a single relative left, and his son was killed before his eyes on the last day of the war by a German sniper. Somehow, after war time, the former soldier saw a boy who again awakened paternal feelings in him. The child turned out to be an orphan, his father went to the front, but never returned. Andrei understood that he and Vanya needed each other. Sokolov decides to lie for the good, and calls himself the father of little Vanya, thereby making himself and him happy for many years.
Andrei Sokolov is the most ordinary Russian soldier, his heroism lies in the fact that he is devoted to his country and people, merciful to helpless people and merciless to traitors. At all times, the opponents of Russia spoke and admired the moral loftiness and spiritual strength of the Russian people.

(509 words) Now you can often hear about how war awakens courage and patriotism in the human heart. However, all these enthusiastic speeches are always uttered by those people who know about the fighting by hearsay. If we ask a veteran, he will surely say that he would not want a repetition of those terrible events for anything in the world, and he would not seek any nobility on the battlefield. I fully agree with this and believe that war destroys not only cities, but also the human person.

M. Sholokhov also wrote about the depressing effect of war on a person in the story “The Fate of a Man”. While talking with a front-line soldier, the narrator notices his eyes and describes them: “The eyes, as if sprinkled with ashes, filled with such inescapable mortal longing that it is difficult to look into them.” Just like that, broken and crushed by longing, a soldier came out of the bloody mess of the world war. Andrey Sokolov lost his whole family there. For most of the war, he was a prisoner of the Nazis, and there he had to live from hand to mouth and work for three. But still there he was supported by the hope of an early victory and a meeting with his wife and children. But the shell killed his wife and daughters, and his son died on the last day of the struggle, while in Berlin. Returning home from captivity, he found that he had nowhere to go: no home, no close people. On the way, he saw a boy and introduced himself as his father, because he felt sorry for the homeless child. So they went together to look for shelter. But Andrei could not forget his relatives and the pain of their loss. He asked his random listener rhetorical question, which more than once came to his mind: “Why did you, life, cripple me like that? Why did you mess it up like that?" After the war, Sokolov did not enjoy victory, but suffered from longing and terrible memories that would never be erased from his memory. Struggle, captivity, death and blood brought him so much disappointment that even a peaceful life no longer pleased him. From this we can conclude that war oppresses a person and makes him suffer even after fighting.

M. Sholokhov cited a no less significant example in the epic novel Quiet Flows the Don. Grigory Melekhov was a brave soldier and rose to a high rank. He began his journey with the First World War and ended up in a gang of runaway Cossacks hiding from Soviet power. All this time, the hero was tormented by the need to kill people and almost lost his mind, attacking the sailors and chopping them to pieces with his saber. Remorse of conscience became a common thing in his life. But Gregory could not find truth and justice in any of the warring parties, so there was nothing to justify himself. He did not believe in the monarchy, nor in Bolshevism, nor in the separation of the Cossacks from Russia. As a result, the endless struggle brought him, broken and aged ahead of time, to complete surrender. The novel ends with the fact that Melekhov came to surrender to the Soviet authorities, no matter what follows. The life-loving Gregory was brought to the last degree of despair by the war.

Thus, war always destroys a person and brings a person to complete disappointment in life. After numerous injuries, losses and hardships, the fighter ceases to fight with melancholy and despondency and continues to live by inertia, no longer hoping for anything. This condition affects both winners and losers.

The story of Mikhail Sholokhov "The Fate of a Man" tells about the life of a soldier of the Great Patriotic War Andrey Sokolov. The ensuing war took everything away from the man: family, home, faith in a brighter future. Strong-willed character and firmness of spirit did not allow Andrei to break. The meeting with the orphaned boy Vanyushka brought new meaning to Sokolov's life.

This story is included in the 9th grade literature curriculum. Before you get acquainted with the full version of the work, you can read online summary"The Fate of a Man" by Sholokhov, which will acquaint the reader with the most important episodes of "The Fate of a Man".

main characters

Andrey Sokolov- the main character of the story. He worked as a driver in wartime until the Fritz took him prisoner, where he spent 2 years. In captivity was listed under the number 331.

Anatoly- the son of Andrei and Irina, who went to the front during the war. Becomes a battery commander. Anatoly died on Victory Day, he was killed by a German sniper.

Vanyushka- an orphan, adopted son of Andrei.

Other characters

Irina- Andrew's wife

Kryzhnev- traitor

Ivan Timofeevich- Andrew's neighbor

Nastenka and Olushka- Sokolov's daughters

On the Upper Don came the first spring after the war. The scorching sun touched the ice on the river and a flood began, turning the roads into a blurry slurry that was not passable.

The author of the story at this time of off-road had to get to the Bukanovskaya station, which was about 60 km away. He reached the crossing over the Elanka River and, together with the driver accompanying him, swam across in a boat full of holes from old age to the other side. The driver swam away again, and the narrator remained waiting for him. Since the driver promised to return only after 2 hours, the narrator decided to take a smoke break. He took out cigarettes that got wet during the crossing and laid them out to dry in the sun. The narrator sat down on the wattle fence and became thoughtful.

Soon, he was distracted from his thoughts by a man with a boy, who were moving towards the crossing. The man approached the narrator, greeted him and asked if it would be long to wait for the boat. We decided to smoke together. The narrator wanted to ask the interlocutor where he was heading with his little son in such impassability. But the man was ahead of him and started talking about the past war.
So the narrator met brief retelling life history a man whose name was Andrey Sokolov.

Life before the war

Andrey had a hard time even before the war. As a young boy, he went to the Kuban to work for kulaks (wealthy peasants). It was a harsh period for the country: it was 1922, the time of famine. So Andrei's mother, father and sister died of starvation. He was left all alone. He returned to his homeland only a year later, sold his parents' house and married the orphan Irina. Andrei got a good wife, obedient and not grouchy. Irina loved and respected her husband.

Soon the young couple had children: first, the son Anatoly, and then the daughters Olyushka and Nastenka. The family settled down well: they lived in abundance, they rebuilt their house. If earlier Sokolov drank with friends after work, now he hurried home to his beloved wife and children. In the 29th, Andrei left the factory and began working as a driver. Another 10 years flew by for Andrei unnoticed.

The war came unexpectedly. Andrei Sokolov received a summons from the military registration and enlistment office, and he leaves for the front.

War time

Sokolov was escorted to the front with the whole family. A bad feeling tormented Irina: as if in last time she sees her husband.

During the distribution, Andrei received a military truck and went to the front for his steering wheel. But he did not have to fight for a long time. During the German offensive, Sokolov was given the task of supplying ammunition to soldiers in a hot spot. But it was not possible to bring the shells to their own - the Nazis blew up the truck.

When Andrei, who had miraculously survived, woke up, he saw an overturned truck and detonated ammunition. And the battle was already going somewhere behind. Andrey then realized that he was right in the encirclement of the Germans. The Nazis immediately noticed the Russian soldier, but they did not kill him - labor was needed. So Sokolov ended up in captivity along with fellow soldiers.

The captives were herded into a local church to spend the night. Among those arrested was a military doctor who made his way in the dark and questioned each soldier about the presence of injuries. Sokolov was very worried about his arm, dislocated during the explosion, when he was thrown out of the truck. The doctor adjusted Andrey's limb, for which the soldier was very grateful to him.

The night was restless. Soon one of the prisoners began to ask the Germans to release him to relieve himself. But the senior escort forbade anyone to let out of the church. The prisoner could not stand it and wept: “I can’t,” he says, “desecrate the holy temple! I'm a believer, I'm a Christian!" . The Germans shot the annoying pilgrimage and several other prisoners.

After that, the arrested fell silent for a while. Then conversations began in a whisper: they began to ask each other who came from where and how they were captured.

Sokolov heard a quiet conversation next to him: one of the soldiers threatened the platoon leader that he would tell the Germans that he was not a simple private, but a communist. The man who threatened, as it turned out, was called Kryzhnev. The platoon commander begged Kryzhnev not to extradite him to the Germans, but he stood his ground, arguing that "his own shirt is closer to the body."

After hearing Andrey shook with rage. He decided to help the platoon leader and kill the vile party member. For the first time in his life, Sokolov killed a man, and it became so disgusting to him, as if he "strangled some creeping reptile."

camp work

In the morning, the Nazis began to find out which of the prisoners belonged to the Communists, commissars and Jews, in order to shoot them on the spot. But there were none, as well as traitors who could betray.

When the arrested were driven to the camp, Sokolov began to think how he could escape to his own. Once such a case presented itself to the prisoner, he managed to escape and break away from the camp for 40 km. Only in the footsteps of Andrei were dogs, and soon he was caught. The incited dogs tore all his clothes on him and bit him into blood. Sokolov was placed in a punishment cell for a month. After the punishment cell, 2 years of hard work, hunger, and bullying followed.

Sokolov got to work in a stone quarry, where the prisoners "manually hammered, cut, crushed German stone." More than half of the workers died from hard work. Andrei somehow could not stand it, and uttered reckless words in the direction of the cruel Germans: “They need four cubic meters of production, and one cubic meter through the eyes is enough for the grave of each of us.”

There was a traitor among his own, and reported this to the Fritz. The next day, Sokolov was asked to visit the German authorities. But before leading the soldier to be shot, the commandant of the block Muller offered him a drink and a snack for the victory of the Germans.

Almost looking into the eyes of death, the brave fighter refused such an offer. Muller only smiled and ordered Andrei to drink for his death. The prisoner had nothing to lose, and he drank to get rid of his torment. Despite the fact that the fighter was very hungry, he never touched the appetizer of the Nazis. The Germans poured a second glass to the arrested man and again offered him a bite to eat, to which Andrey replied to the German: “Sorry, Herr Commandant, I’m not used to having a bite even after the second glass.” The Nazis laughed, poured Sokolov a third glass and decided not to kill him, because he showed himself to be a real soldier loyal to his homeland. He was released to the camp, and for his courage they were given a loaf of bread and a piece of lard. The block divided the provisions equally.

The escape

Soon Andrei gets to work at the mines in the Ruhr region. It was 1944, Germany began to surrender its positions.

By chance, the Germans learn that Sokolov is a former driver, and he enters the service of the German office "Todte". There he becomes the personal driver of a fat Fritz, an army major. After some time, the German major was sent to the front line, and Andrei along with him.

Again, the prisoner began to visit thoughts of escaping to his own. Once Sokolov noticed a drunken non-commissioned officer, led him around the corner and took off all his uniforms. Andrei hid the uniform under the seat in the car, and also hid the weight and telephone wire. Everything was ready to carry out the plan.

One morning, Major Andrei orders to take him outside the city, where he supervised the construction. On the way, the German dozed off, and as soon as they left the city, Sokolov took out a weight and stunned the German. After that, the hero took out a hidden uniform, quickly changed clothes and drove at full speed towards the front.

This time, the brave soldier managed to get to his own with the German "present". We met him as a real hero and promised to present him for a state award.
They gave the fighter a month off: to get medical treatment, to rest, to see his relatives.

For starters, Sokolov was sent to the hospital, from where he immediately wrote a letter to his wife. 2 weeks have passed. An answer comes from the motherland, but not from Irina. The letter was written by their neighbor, Ivan Timofeevich. This message was not joyful: Andrei's wife and daughters died back in 1942. The Germans blew up the house where they lived. Only a deep hole remained from their hut. Only the eldest son, Anatoly, survived, who, after the death of his relatives, asked to go to the front.

Andrei arrived in Voronezh, looked at the place where his house used to stand, and now a pit filled with rusty water, and on the same day went back to the division.

Looking forward to meeting my son

For a long time Sokolov did not believe his misfortune, he grieved. Andrei lived only with the hope of seeing his son. Correspondence began between them from the front, and the father learns that Anatoly became the division commander and received many awards. Pride overwhelmed Andrei for his son, and in his thoughts he already began to draw how he and his son would live after the war, how he would become a grandfather and nurse his grandchildren, having met a calm old age.

At this time, the Russian troops were rapidly advancing and pushing the Nazis to the German border. Now it was not possible to correspond, and only towards the end of spring did my father receive news from Anatoly. The soldiers came close to the German border - on May 9, the end of the war came.

Excited, happy Andrei was looking forward to meeting his son. But his joy was short-lived: Sokolov was informed that a German sniper shot down the battery commander on May 9, 1945, on Victory Day. Anatoly's father saw him off on his last journey, burying his son on German soil.

post-war period

Soon Sokolov was demobilized, but he did not want to return to Voronezh because of difficult memories. Then he remembered a military friend from Uryupinsk, who invited him to his place. That's where the veteran went.

A friend lived with his wife on the outskirts of the city, they had no children. Andrey's friend hired him to work as a driver. After work, Sokolov often went into the tearoom to have a glass or two. Near the teahouse, Sokolov noticed a homeless boy of 5-6 years old. Andrei found out that the name of the homeless child was Vanyushka. The child was left without parents: the mother died during the bombing, and the father was killed at the front. Andrew decided to adopt a child.

Sokolov brought Vanya to the house where he lived with a married couple. The boy was washed, fed and clothed. The child of his father began to accompany him on every flight and would never agree to stay at home without him.

So the son and his father would have lived for a long time in Uryupinsk, if not for one incident. Once Andrei was driving a truck in bad weather, the car skidded, and he knocked down a cow. The animal remained unharmed, and Sokolov was deprived of his driver's license. Then the man signed off with another colleague from Kashara. He invited him to work with him and promised that he would help him get new rights. So they are now on their way with their son to the Kashar region. Andrei admitted to the narrator that he would not have survived long in Uryupinsk anyway: longing did not allow him to stay in one place.

Everything would be fine, but Andrei's heart began to play pranks, he was afraid he would not stand it, and his little son would be left alone. Every day, the man began to see his deceased relatives as if they were calling him to him: “I talk about everything with Irina and with the kids, but I just want to push the wire apart with my hands - they leave me, as if melting before my eyes ... And this is an amazing thing: during the day I always hold myself tight, you can’t squeeze a “ooh” or a sigh out of me, but at night I wake up, and the whole pillow is wet with tears ... "

A boat appeared. This was the end of the story of Andrei Sokolov. He said goodbye to the author, and they moved towards the boat. With sadness, the narrator looked after these two close, orphaned people. He wanted to believe in the best, in the best further fate these strangers to him, who became close to him in a couple of hours.

Vanyushka turned and waved goodbye to the narrator.

Conclusion

In the work, Sholokhov raises the problem of humanity, loyalty and betrayal, courage and cowardice in war. The conditions in which Andrei Sokolov's life put him did not break him as a person. And the meeting with Vanya gave him hope and purpose in life.

Having become acquainted with the story "The Fate of a Man" in abbreviation, we recommend that you read full version works.