Admiral P. S. Nakhimov

Pavel Stepanovich Nakhimov is a hero, an outstanding Russian naval commander, a talented officer and leader who deserved the rank of admiral. Many times he demonstrated courage, fearlessness and courage during the fighting, and on the day of his death. He became a role model for many officers of the navy of subsequent generations.

What was the Russian admiral famous for, why did his name go down in history as the Father-benefactor of the Russian fleet? Let us analyze the most important achievements of Pavel Stepanovich Nakhimov, one of the most prominent representatives of the school of Russian military art.

The system of relations between officers and sailors on a warship

Nakhimov developed and implemented new system relationships on the ship between sailors and officers.

He was a member of the commission that developed a number of documents defining the behavior of the crew on the ship, interaction officers and sailors. For example, with the assistance of Pavel Stepanovich, a code of naval signals, the Naval Charter, was created, and also received an impetus for the development of tactics for conducting naval battles.

A particularly important place in the development of naval art is occupied by the education system developed by Nakhimov. It was based on a deep respect for the personality of an ordinary member of the crew of a military vessel. This system of education contributes to the discipline and cohesion of the crew, as well as to increasing the level of combat skills of sailors.

Nakhimov highly valued the sailors. After all, they were assigned an important role in battle - to control the sails, point the gun at enemy ships, engage in hand-to-hand combat when boarding enemy ships. Therefore, Nakhimov forbade the officers on his ship to treat their subordinates as serfs. He believed that

Of the three ways to act on subordinates: rewards, fear and example - the last one is the surest.

A milestone in the education system was the manifestation of concern for subordinates. Sailors (and often officers) who served with Nakhimov on the same ship came to their commander for advice, shared their affairs and concerns with him. He helped them with deeds and also demanded similar behavior from officers in relation to subordinates. As a result of such actions, subordinates developed a deep respect for the commander.

The system of relations between officers and subordinates provides for not only the commander's concern for the sailors, but also the requirements for the rank and file. Sailors must be disciplined, brave and strictly follow the orders of the commander.

Navarino defeat

I. Aivazovsky - Naval Battle of Navarino October 2, 1827. 1846. Naval Academy named after N.G. Kuznetsov, St. Petersburg

The basis of the tactics and strategy of naval battles was laid by Nakhimov by his teacher and commander, Mikhail Petrovich Lazarev. The training of Nakhimov and his friends, associates (future admirals) Kornilov and Istomin was carried out in combat conditions.

In 1827, when the military conflict between Russia and Turkey reached its climax, a major battle took place in the Bay of Navarino. This battle significantly influenced the course of the war.

Nakhimov, being in the rank of lieutenant, served on the flagship Azov. On October 20, 1827, during the Battle of Navarino, Azov destroyed 4 enemy warships and a frigate on which the commander of the Turkish fleet was located. At the same time and Russian ship was damaged - he received 7 holes below the waterline.

Nakhimov showed himself excellently in this battle as an officer of the ship (for this he was awarded the rank of lieutenant commander). And also received invaluable battle experience and an example of courage, courage, courage, fearlessness (bordering on insanity) demonstrated by the commander of the Azov (captain 1st rank Lazarev).

For military exploits in battle, the battleship Azov was awarded the stern St. George's flag for the first time in the Russian fleet.

Sinop battle

I.K. Aivazovsky - Battle of Sinop November 18, 1853 (Night after the battle). 1853. Central Naval Museum, St. Petersburg

In the fall of 1853, Nakhimov demonstrated extraordinary ability in strategic preparation for hostilities. He was instructed to carry out the transfer of combat forces from Sevastopol to the Anakria region in order to strengthen the coastline and prepare for an attack by the Turkish fleet. Despite the bad weather at sea, the transfer of troops was successfully carried out in seven days.

During the Battle of Sinop, which took place on 11/18/1853, Nakhimov carried out an important tactic. He allowed all the ships of the enemy squadron to enter the bay. After that, 4 Russian ships blocked the entrance to the bay, thereby depriving the superior enemy forces of maneuverability. After approaching the Sinop Bay of the main forces of the Russian navy, Nakhimov gave the order to attack the enemy. At the same time, the order stated that in the upcoming battle, the commanders of Russian ships could independently make decisions in order to fulfill their duty to the Fatherland.

In this battle, the Turkish fleet suffered huge losses. Russian soldiers managed to capture Osman Pasha (commander of the Turkish army). And Nakhimov, after the battle, was awarded the rank of Vice Admiral.

"Nakhimov. Sinop battle. illustrations

The battle of Sinop went down in history as the last major battle of the sailing fleets.

The actions of the Russian fleet caused an extremely negative reaction in the English press and received the name "Massacre of Sinop" ("Massacre of Sinope"). “There has never been such a perfect extermination and in such a short time,” the English Times was forced to admit. Indeed, in just a few hours, 13 ships were destroyed (the entire Turkish squadron consisted of 14 ships, but one of them cowardly fled from the battle). Of the 4,500 crew members, 3,200 were killed and wounded. And the Russian squadron did not lose a single ship. Killed (38 people) and wounded (235) we had ... 12 times less than the Turks!

Ultimately, this became the reason for Great Britain and France to enter the war (in March 1854) on the side of the Ottoman Empire.

December 1st is the day military glory Russia - Victory Day of the Russian squadron under the command of Vice Admiral Pavel Stepanovich Nakhimov over the Turkish squadron at Cape Sinop.

Defense of Sevastopol

Nakhimov on the bastions of Sevastopol

During the defense of Sevastopol (1854-1855) from the Franco-Anglo-Turkish army, Nakhimov used a number of tactical and strategic techniques. During the preparatory actions, by order of Pavel Stepanovich, no coastline, guns were installed along Sevastopol. Coastal batteries became the basis of the city's defensive line. And in order to prevent the enemy fleet from entering the Sevastopol Bay, several old ships were flooded at its entrance.

Russian units under the command of Nakhimov were actively defending. Batteries fired at the enemy, soldiers and sailors carried out landing sorties, and mine warfare was waged.

Design improvements and team training

N.P. Medovikov. P.S. Nakhimov during the Battle of Sinop November 18, 1853 1952

Nakhimov has several successes in improving warships. There are two such successes.

Pavel Stepanovich was appointed commander of the Pallada frigate under construction (this happened at the end of December 1831). Nakhimov oversaw construction work and made improvements. After the Pallada was launched, Nakhimov held classes with the sailors and officers of the ship. As a result, the frigate has become indicative of the team's interaction and the functional features of the ship.

An illustrative example is the following. In August 1833, the frigate "Pallada" as part of the squadron was sailing the Baltic Sea. At night, the ships of the squadron approached the shore. Danger loomed over the squadron - many ships could die if they hit coastal underwater rocks. However, only a sailor on duty on the frigate Pallada saw glimpses of the flickering light emanating from the Daguerort Lighthouse. As a result, the Palladda transmitted a warning signal of danger to the rest of the ships of the squadron, which saved them from a shipwreck.

In 1834, Nakhimov was transferred to serve in the Black Sea Fleet. From that moment on, Pavel Stepanovich controlled the construction of the battleship Silistria, making his own small improvements. After the battleship was launched, Nakhimov was appointed commander of the ship. On the "Silistria", as well as on the "Pallada", Nakhimov conducted classes with sailors.

As a result, the Silistria became the most exemplary ship of the Black Sea Fleet in terms of organization of service, combat training and maneuvering.

Particularly well-coordinated work of the team and the use of the combat advantages of the battleship affected the period from 1840 to 1844. During this period, the crew of the Silistria, led by Nakhimov, proved himself during landing operations during the capture of Psezuap and Tuapse, as well as in the defense of the Golovinsky fort.

Presence of fortitude

The battleship "Silistria" under the command of Nakhimov took part in the exercises that took place in the Black Sea. During the exercises, the battleship Nakhimov and the ship "Adrianople" approached each other. During the regular maneuvers, the Adrianople team made a mistake, and a collision between the two ships became inevitable.

The captain of the Silistria ordered the sailors to move from the danger zone of the ship to a safe place. He himself remained on the poop of the battleship. The collision of the ships took place, but did not cause significant damage to the ships. However, fragments from the collision of ships flew towards Nakhimov and only accidentally did not hit him.

At the end of the exercises, Nakhimov was asked why he did not leave the dangerous place on the ship before the collision of the ships. Pavel Stepanovich replied that such situations are an invaluable experience and an opportunity to demonstrate to the crew the presence and fortitude of a military leader. This experience and demonstration of the presence of mind will be useful for combat missions in the future.

Courage bordering on recklessness

Nakhimov was a brave man and military leader. However, often his courage bordered on recklessness (which manifested itself, for example, in the collision of the ships Adrianople and Silistria).

... On June 28, 1855, Nakhimov once again climbed Malakhov Kurgan, where his friends, Admirals Kornilov and Istomin, died. A tall figure in gold admiral's epaulettes was a target for enemy shooters. How many times he took such a risk, it happened that the sailors, unable to stand it, grabbed him and took him away.

Some reproach Nakhimov that he was looking for death, appearing in the most dangerous areas with admiral's epaulettes on his shoulders. But Pavel Stepanovich always did this. He was sure that if the fighters saw that their commander was not afraid of anything, then they themselves would not be afraid. It was a model of his military pedagogy.

From the side of the enemy, the shelling of the position immediately began. Russian army(including the observation post where Nakhimov was). As a result of the shelling, the admiral was seriously wounded in the head. The wound turned out to be fatal - after being wounded, after several days of torment, Pavel Stepanovich Nakhimov died ...

Fatal wound of Admiral Nakhimov

The death of Nakhimov shocked the whole of Russia. Sevastopol groaned from heartache. The admiral's beloved sailors crowded around the coffin for a whole day, kissing the dead man's hands, replacing each other, leaving again for the bastions and returning to the coffin as soon as they were released again. Tears streamed down the tanned cheeks of the sailors. Truly nationwide sorrow covered Sevastopol. One of the eyewitnesses wrote that in those days Russia did not know what a demonstration was, we did not even know the word, but the funeral of the great Russian naval commander could be considered one of the first nationwide demonstrations. Thousands and thousands of soldiers, sailors, officers, sailors, residents of the Ship settlement, fishermen - Greeks with their wives and children followed the coffin.

“Not a single funeral was celebrated in Sevastopol like the funeral of Nakhimov. They talked about him, suffered and wept not only on the hills irrigated with his blood, but also everywhere, in all the remote corners of endless Russia. This is where his Sinop victory is!”

Funeral P.S. Nakhimov. Lithograph from a drawing by N. Berg

... Shortly before his death, Nakhimov wrote a will to the officers of the Russian Navy, which included the following words:

“The more of us remain here, the greater will be the glory of Sevastopol. And the Russian people will say: what are we capable of, if all of Europe could not take one city from a handful of our soldiers?

An important detail: when Nakhimov died, all enemy guns fell silent and for some time all fire on Sevastopol ceased, as a sign of grief for the hero Sinop, who was revered by the whole world.

• The Crimean historian V.P. Dyulichev describes Nakhimov’s funeral in these words:

The military music blazed a full march, the farewell salutes of the cannons rang out, the ships lowered their flags to the middle of the masts. And suddenly someone noticed: the flags are creeping on the ships of the opponents! And the other, snatching a telescope from the hands of a hesitant sailor, saw: the British officers, huddled together on the deck, took off their caps, bowed their heads ...

From the book "Death of Nakhimov":

“The stronghold, for which Nakhimov gave his life, not only cost the enemies unforeseen horrifying victims, but with its desperate resistance, which lasted almost a year, which absolutely no one expected either in Europe or here, completely changed the entire former mindset of the enemy coalition, forced Napoleon III immediately after the war to seek friendship with Russia, forced hostile diplomats, to their greatest irritation and disappointment, to abandon the most essential demands and claims, in fact reduced Russian losses to an insignificant minimum during the conclusion of peace and highly exalted the moral prestige of the Russian people. This historical significance of Sevastopol began to be determined with certainty already when Nakhimov, covered with glory, lay down in the grave.

Conclusion

... It is very difficult to put into words what meaning the glorious life and glorious death of Admiral Nakhimov has for the descendants. It is easier to explain this with a specific example. In 1942, when the enemies again stormed Sevastopol, one shell hit the museum and tore Pavel Stepanovich's uniform to shreds. Then the sailors dismantled these rags and, attaching them to their jackets, with the words "we are Nakhimov's" went to the last battle.

Nakhimov left behind a great legacy:

• he initiated the emergence of friendly, equal relations between officers and sailors, while demanding from the rank and file the strict observance of orders and discipline;
• by his own example, he instilled in sailors and officers strength of mind, courage, fearlessness (as in the collision of the Silistria and Adrianople or when examining the positions of the enemy on the Malakhov Kurgan);
• he introduced the tactic of creating a trap for the enemy (Sinop battle);
• he used a system of flooding the entrance to the bay, in order to prevent the penetration of enemy forces (defense of Sevastopol).

The history of the Russian Navy knows many glorious traditions, one of which is to perpetuate the memory of famous naval commanders of the past in the names of ships on combat duty today. Among them is the warship "Admiral Nakhimov", bearing the name of the glorious Russian sailor, who fanned himself with glory in many battles. Let's take a closer look at the life of this remarkable man.

The early years of the future naval commander

Pavel Stepanovich Nakhimov - admiral of the Russian fleet and hero of the defense of Sevastopol - was born on July 5, 1802 in the small village of Gorodok, located in the Smolensk province. He was the seventh of eleven children of retired Second Major Stepan Mikhailovich Nakhimov. In addition to him, four more sons grew up in a large family, who also eventually became sailors.

Despite the fact that the future Admiral Nakhimov dreamed of ships and long-distance voyages from early childhood, when he entered the Marine cadet corps difficulties arose - there were too many applicants, and due to a lack of places, he had to wait two years.

While studying at this famous St. Petersburg educational institution fate brought him together with such later famous military and statesmen as A.P. Rykachev, P.M. Novoseltsev, as well as the creator of the famous explanatory dictionary V. I. Dal. Together with them in the summer of 1817 he went on his first voyage. On the brig "Phoenix" a team of young midshipmen visited the ports of Copenhagen, Stockholm and Karlskrow.

The first officer epaulettes

In 1818, upon graduation, Pavel Nakhimov was promoted to midshipman and sent to serve on the frigate "Cruiser", where his commander was another famous Russian naval commander M.P. Lazarev, who later acquired the glory of the discoverer of Antarctica. Very soon, they became so close that for a young and still inexperienced officer, he became not only a boss, but also a close person, in many ways replacing his father.

After circumnavigating the world on the "Cruiser" (1822-1825), Nakhimov's uniform was decorated with lieutenant shoulder straps, and two years later, for the difference shown during the Navarino naval battle with the Turkish fleet, he was promoted to lieutenant commander. It was a kind of baptism of fire, which Nakhimov passed with honor. Admiral L.P. Heiden, who commanded the Russian squadron, personally awarded him the Order of St. George IV degree.

The path from lieutenant commander to vice admiral

In 1828, a twenty-six-year-old officer first climbed onto the captain's bridge. He was entrusted with the command of the captured Turkish corvette Navarin. During the period that began soon after the Russian-Turkish war, his ship as part of the Russian squadron took part in the blockade of the Dardanelles, and at the end of hostilities became part of Baltic Fleet. Over the next five years, Nakhimov commanded the frigate Pallada, and then, having received a transfer to the Black Sea, with the rank of captain of the 1st rank, the battleship Silistria.

A lot of documentary evidence has been preserved of how the crew of the ship entrusted to him honorably performed the difficult and responsible tasks of the command. For high professionalism, diligence in service and personal courage in 1845, by decree of Tsar Nicholas I, Nakhimov was promoted to rear admiral, and seven years later to vice admiral of the Russian fleet. In this rank, he assumed the position of head of the naval division.

Commander of the Black Sea squadron

With the beginning of the Crimean War of 1853-1856. The main burden of the fighting fell on the squadron of the Black Sea Fleet, which by that time was commanded by Nakhimov. In such a difficult period, the admiral managed to mobilize all the reserves at his disposal to confront a powerful and well-armed enemy.

Most of the most important operations he led personally. Suffice it to recall the Battle of Sinop, in which on November 30, 1853, he destroyed the main forces of the Turkish fleet, discovered, despite the stormy weather, and blockaded in the harbor of the city of Sinop. The emperor personally congratulated Nakhimov on such a glorious victory. Having sent Pavel Stepanovich the Highest letter, he called in it the defeat of the Turkish squadron an adornment of the annals of the history of the Russian fleet.

At the head of the besieged city

In March 1855, when enemy ships blocked Sevastopol from the sea, there was an acute need for an energetic and experienced leader who could lead its defense. PS Nakhimov became such a person. The admiral was appointed to two key positions at once - the governor of the city and the commander of the Sevastopol port. This gave him broad powers, but also placed great responsibility.

In carrying out the defense of the city, he was largely helped by the unquestioned authority that he enjoyed among the soldiers and sailors, and thanks to which he had the greatest moral influence on them. It is reliably known that among the lower ranks he was called the "father-benefactor."

Fearless Commander

Valuing the lives of soldiers and officers subordinate to him, Nakhimov nevertheless got used to risking his own head without hesitation. Often, with a soldier's rifle in his hands, he rushed ahead of everyone into a bayonet attack or defiantly appeared over the trench parapet in full view of the enemy. This audacity did not always get away with it. During one of the shelling of the city in 1854, he was seriously wounded in the head, and a few months later received a shell shock.

But in spite of everything, his fearlessness raised the spirits of the soldiers and officers, who saw that under any circumstances their Admiral Nakhimov was next to them. The photos presented in the article were taken from paintings and drawings depicting the famous naval commander at different periods of his life, but on each of them his appearance breathes with indomitable courage and courage. This is how he will forever remain in our history.

Admiral's death

The defense of Sevastopol cost the lives of a huge number of people drawn by the will of fate into this bloody massacre, which lasted almost eleven months. Among them was Admiral Nakhimov. The biography of this outstanding military leader was cut short at the peak of his career, in an atmosphere of universal love and recognition of merit. Everyone respectfully pronounced his name - from an ordinary soldier to an emperor.

The cause of the unexpected and tragic death was a head wound received by Pavel Stepanovich on June 28, 1855, during his detour of the advanced defensive structures erected in the Malakhov Kurgan area. On that day, as before, he defiantly ignored the bullets whistling around him, one of which proved fatal to him. Delivered to a field hospital, Nakhimov spent two days in severe agony and passed away on June 30, 1955. His ashes found eternal rest in the crypt of the Vladimir Cathedral in Sevastopol.

Memory preserved by descendants

Paying tribute to the memory of the famous admiral, several naval schools named after him were opened in our country, and the order and medal of Nakhimov were established. In many cities of Russia, monuments were erected in his honor, the most famous of which rises in Sevastopol, in the area of ​​the Grafskaya pier. Streets and avenues are named after the hero.

One of the monuments to the famous naval commander was the cruiser Admiral Nakhimov, launched in 1986. Since then, he has been on combat watch as part of the Russian Northern Fleet. Its crews sacredly keep the traditions of the Russian fleet. Today, they have state-of-the-art weapons in their arsenal, including missile launchers capable of carrying nuclear warheads. Since the "Admiral Nakhimov" is a nuclear cruiser, it has the ability to be in autonomous navigation for many months and perform the tasks assigned to its team anywhere in the oceans.

Pavel Stepanovich Nakhimov. NAKHIMOV Pavel Stepanovich (1802 - 55), Russian naval commander, admiral (1855). In the Crimean War of 1853-56, commanding a squadron, he defeated the Turkish fleet in the Battle of Sinop (1853); since February 1855 the commander of the Sevastopol ... ... Illustrated Encyclopedic Dictionary

Russian naval commander, admiral (1855). Born in the family of an officer. Graduated from the Naval Cadet ... ... Great Soviet Encyclopedia

The famous admiral (1800 1855). He studied at the naval cadet corps; under the command of Lazarev, in 1821 he circumnavigated the world; 1834 distinguished himself in the battle of Navarino. From 1834 until the end of his life he served in the Black Sea Fleet. First and... Biographical Dictionary

Nakhimov Pavel Stepanovich- (18021855), naval commander, admiral (1855). Graduated from the Naval Corps (1818); the name of Nakhimov among the names of graduates on a memorial plaque on the building of the Higher Naval School named after M.V. Frunze (Lieutenant Schmidt embankment, 17). ... ... Encyclopedic reference book "St. Petersburg"

- (1802 55) Russian naval commander, admiral. (1855). Companion of M.P. Lazarev. In the Crimean War, commanding a squadron, he defeated the Turkish fleet in the Battle of Sinop (1853). In 1854 55 one of the leaders of the heroic defense of Sevastopol. Deadly... ... Big Encyclopedic Dictionary

- (1802 1855), naval commander, admiral (1855). Graduated from the Naval Corps (1818); the name of N. among the names of graduates on a memorial plaque on the building of the Higher Naval School named after M. V. Frunze (Lieutenant Schmidt embankment, 17). Commanding... ... St. Petersburg (encyclopedia)

Nakhimov, Pavel Stepanovich- NAKHIMOV Pavel Stepanovich (1802 1855) Russian naval commander, admiral (1855). Ukrainian by origin. He graduated from the Naval Corps (1818). Served in the BF. In 1822-1825 circumnavigated the world on the frigate Cruiser, commanded by M.P. ... ... Marine Biographical Dictionary

Admiral; genus. in with. Town of the Smolensk province of the Vyazemsky district on June 23, 1800, died on June 30, 1855. His father, Stepan Mikhailovich second major, later the county marshal of the nobility, had 11 children, of which in childhood ... Big biographical encyclopedia

- (1802 1855), naval commander, admiral (1855). Companion of M.P. Lazarev. In the Crimean War, commanding a squadron, he defeated the Turkish fleet in the Battle of Sinop (1853). In 1854 1855 one of the leaders of the defense of Sevastopol. Mortally wounded on Malakhov ... ... encyclopedic Dictionary

Pavel Stepanovich Nakhimov June 23 (July 5), 1802 June 30 (July 12), 1855 Admiral Nakhimov Place of birth, Gorodok village, Vyazemsky district, Smolensk province, Place of death, Sevastopol Belonging to ... Wikipedia

Books

• , A. Aslanbegov. Compiled by Captain 1st Rank A. Aslanbegov. St. Petersburg, 1898. Reproduced in the original author's spelling of the 1898 edition (publishing house `type. Mor. m-va `). ...
• Admiral Pavel Stepanovich Nakhimov. biographical sketch, A. Aslanbegov. Compiled by Captain 1st Rank A. Aslanbegov. St. Petersburg, 1898. Reproduced in the original author's spelling of the 1898 edition (publishing house "typ. Mor. m-va" ...

Admiral
P.S. Nakhimov Nakhimov Pavel Stepanovich (1802-1855). The outstanding Russian naval commander Pavel Stepanovich Nakhimov was born on July 6 (June 23) in the village of Gorodok, Vyazemsky district, Smolensk province. After graduating from the Naval Cadet Corps in St. Petersburg (1818), he served in the Baltic Fleet. In 1822-1825. circumnavigated the world as a watch officer on the frigate "Cruiser".

During the Sevastopol defense of 1854-1855. P.S. Nakhimov correctly assessed the strategic importance of Sevastopol and used all the means at his disposal to strengthen the defense of the city. Occupying the post of squadron commander, and from February 1855 commander of the Sevastopol port and military governor, Nakhimov actually from the very beginning of the defense of Sevastopol led the heroic garrison of the defenders of the fortress, showed outstanding abilities in organizing the defense of the main base of the Black Sea Fleet from the sea and from land.

Under the leadership of Nakhimov, several wooden sailing ships were flooded at the entrance to the bay, which blocked access to the enemy fleet. This greatly strengthened the defense of the city from the sea. Nakhimov supervised the construction of defensive structures and the installation of additional coastal batteries, which were the backbone of land defense, the creation and preparation of reserves. He directly and skillfully carried out command and control of troops during combat operations. The defense of Sevastopol under the leadership of Nakhimov was highly active. Sorties of detachments of soldiers and sailors, counter-battery and mine fighting were widely used. Aimed fire from coastal batteries and ships delivered sensitive blows to the enemy. Under the leadership of Nakhimov, Russian sailors and soldiers turned the previously poorly defended city from land into a formidable fortress, which successfully defended itself for 11 months, repelling several enemy assaults.

P.S. Nakhimov enjoyed great prestige and love of the defenders of Sevastopol, he showed composure and restraint in the most difficult situations, set an example of courage and fearlessness to those around him. The personal example of the admiral inspired all Sevastopol residents on heroic deeds in the fight against the enemy. At critical moments, he appeared in the most dangerous places of defense, directly led the battle. During one of the detours of the advanced fortifications on July 11 (June 28), 1855, P.S. Nakhimov was mortally wounded by a bullet in the head on Malakhov Hill.

By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of March 3, 1944, the Orders of Nakhimov of the 1st and 2nd degrees and the Nakhimov medal were established. Nakhimov naval schools were created. The name of Nakhimov was given to one of the cruisers of the Soviet Navy. In the city of Russian glory, Sevastopol, a monument was erected to PS Nakhimov in 1959.

The military order of Nakhimov has been retained in the system of state awards of the Russian Federation.

An outstanding Russian naval commander, a hero, an executive officer and a talented leader - all this is about Pavel Stepanovich Nakhimov. He repeatedly showed his courage and courage in military battles, was too fearless, which killed him. He played a huge role in the Sevastopol defense of 1854-1855, defeated Turkish ships during the Admiral PS Nakhimov was deeply respected and loved by his subordinates. He remained forever in the history of Russia. To date, there is even an order named after Nakhimov.

Biography of Admiral Nakhimov

Nakhimov Pavel Stepanovich was from a poor family of Smolensk nobles. His father held the rank of officer and retired as a second major. In his youth, Pavel Nakhimov entered the Naval Cadet Corps. Even during his studies, his natural gift as a leader made itself felt: he was executive to the point of impeccability, showed utmost accuracy, was always hardworking and did everything to achieve his goals.

He showed excellent results in training and at the age of 15 he became a midshipman. At the same age, he was assigned to the Phoenix brig, which was supposed to sail in the Baltic Sea. At this time, many pay attention to the 15-year-old midshipman, who shows everyone that the naval service is his life's work. His favorite places in the world were a warship and a port. He did not have time to organize his personal life, and he did not want to. Pavel Stepanovich never fell in love and never married. He always showed diligence and zeal in service. The biography of Admiral Nakhimov testifies that the sea craft was not just his hobby, he lived and breathed it. He gladly agreed to Lazarev's proposal to serve on the frigate "Cruiser". This naval commander played a big role in the life of Nakhimov: he took an example from him and tried to imitate him. Lazarev became for him a "second father", teacher and friend. Nakhimov saw and respected in his mentor such qualities as honesty, disinterestedness, devotion to naval service.

Ship "Azov"

Nakhimov devoted three years to serving on the Cruiser, during which time he managed to "grow" from midshipman to lieutenant and become Lazarev's favorite student. The biography of Admiral Nakhimov says that in 1826 Pavel Stepanovich was transferred to Azov and again served under the same commander. This ship was destined to take part in the Navarino sea ​​battle. In 1827, a battle took place against where the combined Russian, French and English squadron acted. "Azov" distinguished himself in this battle, coming closest to the enemy ships and inflicting great damage on them. Results of the battle: Nakhimov was wounded, many were killed.

Commander Nakhimov

At the age of 29, Pavel Nakhimov became the commander of the Pallada. This frigate did not yet know navigation and was only built in 1832. Then, the Silistria, which plied the expanses of the Black Sea, came under his command. Here Nakhimov becomes 9 years old under the leadership of Pavel Stepanovich "Silistria" carried out the most difficult and rather responsible assignments.

Defense of Sevastopol

In 1854-1855, Nakhimov was transferred to the Crimea and, together with Istomin and Kornilov, heroically led him. He led the formation of naval battalions, the construction of a battery, and the preparation of reserves. He constantly monitored the interaction of the fleet and the army, the construction of fortifications, and the supply of the defenders of Sevastopol. The story of Admiral Nakhimov shows that his keen eye has always seen how to use artillery and carry out other military operations more effectively. Often, Nakhimov himself went to the front line and led the fighting. During the first bombardment of the city in 1854, he was wounded in the head, and the following year he was shell-shocked. In 1855, on June 6, when the city was stormed, he became the head of the defense of the Ship side. At the peak moment, Nakhimov led a bayonet counterattack by infantry and sailors.

Doom

June 28, 1855 should not have been any different from everyday life military service. A routine detour was made, the Sevastopol fortifications were checked. At 5 pm Nakhimov drove up to the third bastion. After examining the enemy positions, he headed towards the Malakhov Kurgan to observe the enemy. The sailors and Nakhimov's entourage very clearly remembered the day of his death. The biography of Admiral Nakhimov is evidence that he was very brave, to the point of recklessness. When a French bullet hit him, piercing through the skull, he stood and looked straight at the enemy. Not hiding and not stepping aside, despite the exhortations of his subordinates, who tried to stop him and keep him away from the banquet. He did not die immediately, although without a single groan. The best doctors gathered at his bedside. He opened his eyes several times, but remained silent. Admiral Nakhimov died the next day after being seriously wounded. The funeral took place in the Sevastopol Vladimir Cathedral, the remains of his teacher Lazarev and military colleagues, Admirals Istomin and Kornilov, are also buried here.

Order of Nakhimov

Later, an order was established in honor of Admiral Nakhimov. It is awarded to outstanding officers of the Navy for the excellent conduct of maritime operations, bold decisions, good organization. The order has several degrees.

Pavel Stepanovich did not have such qualities for which it would be impossible to reward. Now this order, as a memory of Admiral Nakhimov, a valiant officer and commander, is awarded to those who show the highest desire to achieve success and excellent results while doing their duty.