1905 Third Congress of the RSDLP The Organizing Committee for the Convocation of the Third Congress of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party, set up in the spring of 1905, invited all Social Democratic organizations without distinction of their factional affiliation. However, the Mensheviks announced this

First Congress of the RSDLP

Second Congress of the RSDLP

Fourth (Unity) Congress of the RSDLP

Third Congress of the RSDLP

Sixth Congress of the RSDLP(b)

Fifth (London) Congress of the RSDLP

State educational institution

higher professional education

"Omsk State Technical University"

On the topic: RUSSIAN SOCIAL - DEMOCRATIC WORKERS' PARTY.

(Rsdrp).

Completed by: 1st year student gr.IVT-145(AS)

Gimadiev Renat

Lecturer: Elizarova N.V.

Plan.

On the way to the formation of the RSDLP. First Party Congress.

1. Growth and strengthening of social democratic organizations.

2. Preparation and holding of the congress.

From the First Congress of the RSDLP to Iskra.

1. Crisis in Social Democracy after the Congress and the emergence of Economism. The opportunism of the "economists".

2. Lenin's plan to create a party with the help of an all-Russian newspaper.

A. Development of a plan for creating a party.

B. Organization of the Iskra newspaper.

Second Party Congress. The rise of Bolshevism.

1. The work and decision of the congress.

A. Constitutional congress.

B. Adoption of the party program.

B. Organizational issues. Emergence of the Bolsheviks and Mensheviks.

2. The split in the RSDLP and the rallying of party organizations in the position of Bolshevism.

A. Crisis in the party.

B. Formation of Bolshevik centers.

Conclusion.

On the way to the formation of the RSDLP. 1 Party Congress.

1. The Marxists of the capital, who under the leadership of Lenin founded the "Union of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class", were not alone, their activity was of great importance for the entire social democratic movement in Russia, which was steadily growing.

If in 1894 there were Social Democratic circles and groups in a dozen and a half cities, then in the next three or four years they operated in more than 50 cities close to and far from the capitals of Russia.

For the most part, the Social Democratic groups were still small in number and inexperienced in conspiracy. Only a few of them managed to exist for more than 2-3 years. Many groups were connected with each other, but these contacts could not be made systematic and lasting. There were only ideological ties between the Social Democratic groups in different cities.

A new period in the life and activity of the Social Democrats in St. Petersburg, Moscow and other large cities was marked by the beginning of the merging of scientific socialism with the workers' movement. Whereas before the Social-Democrats had limited themselves to holding meetings in small propaganda circles, now they gathered from time to time for illegal out-of-town gatherings, and published leaflets on the eve of strikes, during and after them. Thus, the social democratic movement in the mid-90s of the 19th century had already “taken to the streets”.

The change in the nature of the activities of the Social Democrats, the expansion of tasks urgently demanded the unification of forces and means, the creation of Social Democratic organizations and their merging into a single Marxist party. In the mid-90s, small circles and groups operating in parallel in a number of cities began to unite. In St. Petersburg and Kyiv they were called "unions of struggle for the liberation of the working class", and in Moscow - "workers' unions".

The social democratic movement also grew on the outskirts of Russia. In 1896, in Tiflis, where there were already up to 20 circles, a “general collective of propagandists” was created, which in 1898 turned into the Tiflis Committee of the RSDLP.

In September 1897, a congress of representatives of groups of Jewish Social Democrats in Vilna, Minsk, Bialystok, Warsaw and Vitebsk was held in Vilna. The congress founded the social-democratic organization "The General Jewish Workers' Union in Russia and Poland" (BUND). The newspaper Arbeiter Stimme, published in

Russia, and the theoretical journal Yidisher Arbeiter, published abroad. The ubiquitous growth of Social Democratic circles, groups, and organizations brought the question of working out a common program and tactics for the revolutionary struggle of the Russian Marxists to a head. An urgent need arose to convene a congress and unite the Social Democratic unions, groups and circles into a single revolutionary Marxist party.

2. In the 1990s, the idea of ​​creating a social-democratic party in Russia received the most complete justification in the works of Lenin. In his writings, he theoretically substantiated the goals and objectives set by history for the Russian,

by the working class: the overthrow of the autocracy, the seizure of power by the proletariat and the building of a socialist society.

The arrest and deportation to Siberia of Lenin in 1897 influenced his writing of the pamphlet The Tasks of the Russian Social Democrats. In it, for the first time, he summarized the experience of the St. Petersburg Union of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class as the germ of a Marxist party in Russia, substantiated the political program and tactics of the Russian Social Democrats. Lenin showed that the Russian Social-Democracy will fulfill its mission only if it ensures the inseparable link between its socialist activity and its democratic one. Together with Lenin, other active figures of the Union of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class were also subjected to expulsion. Thus, the authorities did not allow the Social Democrats of St. Petersburg to convene an All-Russian Party Congress.

In 1897-1898, the Kiev Social Democratic organization, which had survived the police defeat, took up the preparation of the congress.

In March 1897, the Kiev group "Working cause" tried to convene a congress. Its representatives traveled around a number of organizations in St. Petersburg, Moscow, Ivanovo-Voznesensk and Vilna. However, only delegates from Moscow and St. Petersburg showed up. On March 17-18, 1897, the Kyiv Social Democrats held a pre-Congress conference. She considered it necessary to expand the preparations for the congress and organize in Kyiv the publication of the illegal all-Russian Rabochaya Gazeta. In preparation for the Party Congress, members of the Rabochaya Gazeta group toured several Social Democratic organizations, worked out and sent out a draft agenda for the day.

The initiators of the congress sought to preserve the principled position of the Social Democracy of 1894-1896. The St. Petersburg “young”, Odessa and Nikolaev Social-Democratic groups were not admitted to the congress, as they were not quite stable and not sufficiently conspiratorial. be able to comply with confidentiality requirements. The Kharkov group, having studied the agenda of the congress, did not want to participate in it. She motivated her refusal by the untimeliness of the creation of the party. The Lithuanian Social Democratic Party agreed to delegate a representative to the congress, but then refused.

By agreement with the leaders of the Bund, Minsk, then a quiet, provincial city, was chosen as the place of the congress. Here there was not yet enhanced police surveillance, as in St. Petersburg, Moscow, Kyiv. The delegates arrived one by one. Representatives of the Bund met them at the station and took them to their apartments in a roundabout way.

The congress opened at 10 am on March 1, 1898 at the apartment of the railroad worker, Social Democrat P.V. Rumyantsev, in a small wooden house on the outskirts of the city. The congress was strictly secret, although it met in the immediate vicinity of the premises of the mounted gendarmerie. This was the only congress of the RSDLP that took place under tsarism on the territory of Russia.

The congress was attended by representatives of four "unions of struggle for the liberation of the working class": St. Petersburg, Moscow, Kyiv and Yekaterinoslav, as well as the Rabochaya Gazeta group and the Bund. There were only nine of them.

delegatesICongress of the RSDLP

S.I. Radchenko, B.L. Eidelman, A.A. Vannovsky,

P.L. Tuchapsky, N.A. Vigdorchik, K.A. Petrusevich,

A. Mutnik, A.I. Kremer, S. Katz

The congress was held under the guise of a party on the occasion of the name of the wife of P.V. Rumyantsev. From the window of a small side room where the congress met, a second frame was prudently taken out in case of an escape. The window overlooked the garden, beyond which the Svisloch River flowed and forest thickets began. In the next room, a stove was continuously heated so that in the event of a police raid, compromising materials could be quickly burned.

The congress lasted three days and had six sessions. No protocol was kept, only resolutions were recorded. The main issue was the constitution of the party. It was decided to unite all social-democratic organizations in Russia into a single Marxist workers' party.

Controversy arose over the question of its name. Judging by the draft program of the congress, several options were proposed for discussion: "Russian Social Democratic Party", "Russian Labor Party", "Russian Workers' Union". The name "Social Democratic" did not cause controversy. Instead of "Russian", it was proposed to name the party "Russian". By a majority of five votes to four, the congress approved the name "Russian Social Democratic Party". The word "working" was included in it after the congress, when the Manifesto was being drawn up, with the consent of two members of the Central Committee.

In discussing the next item on the agenda of the congress, he decided on a problem of a general program nature - on the attitude of the workers' party to the national question. He spoke in favor of recognizing the right of every nation to self-determination.

The rest of the time the congress devoted to the reports of delegates from the localities and mainly to the discussion of the building of the party, called upon to play the role of statutory provisions. They were set out in 11 paragraphs, which dealt with the formation of the party and its appointment, congresses and the procedure for convening them, the duties of the Central Committee and local committees, the means of the party, its press organ and representation abroad. It was pointed out that the supreme body of the party is the congress of representatives of local committees, and the executive body is the Central Committee, elected by the congress, to which it reports in its activities.

The congress elected the Central Committee consisting of S.I. Radchenko, B.L. Eidelman, A.I. Kremer. He recognized the "Union of Russian Social Democrats" as an integral part of the RSDLP and its representative abroad. The Rabochaya Gazeta was declared the official organ of the party. It was also decided to issue a Party Manifesto, the drafting of which was entrusted to the Central Committee.

Already in March, five of the nine delegates to the 1st Congress of the RSDLP were arrested. However, two of the remaining at large members of the Central Committee, Radchenko and Kremer, managed to organize the compilation, publication and distribution of the Manifesto of the RSDLP.

To write it, they attracted P.B. Struve. Although Struve was far from revolutionary Marxism, he could not put his reformist views into the Manifesto of the RSDLP. Subsequently, he strongly dissociated himself from the Manifesto.

The first edition of the Manifesto of the RSDLP.

The document thus compiled was edited by Radchenko and released to the public.

The first congress oriented the local social-democratic organizations towards unification around one party center. The congress officially proclaimed the formation of the RSDLP.

After the 1st Congress of the RSDLP, the Marxists of Russia began to participate in international socialist congresses and executive bodies of the 2nd International as representatives of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party.

FROM THE 1st CONGRESS OF THE RSDLP TO "ISKRA".

1. After the 1st Congress of the RSDLP, it entered a period of serious crisis. She seemed to have exhausted her strength and returned back to the former fragmentation. This crisis appeared primarily in the ideological and organizational weakness of the Social Democracy, in its lagging behind the urgent tasks of the revolutionary struggle of the proletariat.

The development of the crisis in the RSDLP was largely facilitated by the policy of the tsarist authorities. Immediately after the congress, the leading centers of the party were destroyed by the police.

The bourgeoisie tried to use the crisis in social democracy and the emergence of opportunism in its ranks in order to direct the labor movement along the path of reformism. But in the conditions of Russia, this was not so easy to implement. The age-old technical and economic backwardness of the country, which tied domestic capital to the chariot of tsarism, limited the possibilities of the bourgeoisie to split the working class and create a "labor aristocracy".

Signs of "economism" in Russia were discovered in the mid-90s of the 19th century. The transition from the narrow circle propaganda of Marxism to mass political agitation, in connection with the scope of the spontaneous struggle of the working class, then caused disagreements among the Social Democrats. Some of them, poorly versed in the theory of Marxism and carried away by the relatively easy successes of the strikes, limited their agitation among the workers to exclusively economic demands.

Ignoring political tasks, the supporters of "economism" believed that only in the struggle for the satisfaction of everyday needs could the workers be united and their aspirations achieved.

The first printed organ to embark on the path of "economism" was the newspaper Rabochaya Mysl. Its pages were full of notes describing insignificant facts from the life of the workers, articles that sang of penny reforms. The editors of Rabochaya Mysl opposed a single Marxist party. They oriented the people towards the creation of legal organizations: strike funds, circles and professional groups.

Along with Rabochaya Mysl, an active preacher of Economism was the journal Rabocheye Delo.

Rabocheye Dyelo announced important propositions of Marxism. From the Marxist thesis that every class struggle is political, the editors concluded that any spontaneous action by workers is political.

The newspaper Rabochaya Mysl and the magazine Rabocheye Delo were the main centers of the "economic" direction. Newspapers, leaflets, and bulletins published by committees and groups of the RSDLP obediently walked in the wake of Economism and sang of localism and circleism.

2A. Lenin's analysis of the post-reform development of Russia, the ideological defeat of liberal populism, and the struggle against "economism" were of tremendous importance for overcoming bourgeois influence in the workers' movement and preparing the ideological and theoretical prerequisites for the creation of a proletarian party.

Such a plan was developed by Lenin.

The formal reason that prompted Lenin to start presenting his plan was a proposal by the editorial group of the Bund to resume the publication of Rabochaya Gazeta, which had been crushed by the tsarist government. He was invited to permanently contribute to this newspaper. Having accepted the offer, in the fall of 1899 he prepared three articles for Rabochaya Gazeta (Our Programme, Our Immediate Task, Urgent Question) in which he outlined specific measures to create a party.

Lenin's plan for the creation of the party took into account everything contained in the ideological-theoretical and organizational-political activity of the Western European Social Democracy.

The idea of ​​an all-Russian political newspaper lay at the heart of Lenin's plan. According to this plan, which was further developed and comprehensively substantiated in 1901-1902, the future newspaper was supposed to unite social democracy in Russia not only ideologically and politically, but organizationally.

The party newspaper, according to Lenin, must protect the purity of the theory of Marxism, fight against bourgeois influences.

According to Lenin's project, the program of the party was to characterize the economic system of Russia and show that capitalism leads to an increase in poverty and indignation of the workers, and the class struggle of the proletariat forms the basis of social democracy. It was required to define the international character and ultimate goals of the social democratic movement, to emphasize the need for the conquest of political power in order to achieve these goals.

Lenin's position on the peasant question was based on an analysis of the alignment of class forces in Russia in the post-reform period. The peasant question in Russia, he pointed out, is essentially different from the peasant question in Western Europe. The Social Democratic Labor Party was to support the peasantry not as a class of property owners, but as a class capable of a revolutionary struggle against the remnants of serfdom in general and absolutism in particular.

V. I. Lenin believed that in order to successfully fight against tsarism and capitalism, the Russian Social Democrats needed to bring their revolutionary organization "to the highest level of perfection."

Thus, the revolutionary Social Democrats of Russia received a comprehensively developed program for the creation of a militant Marxist party. The program impressed even Lenin's closest associates with its boldness and novelty.

2B. Lenin began the practical implementation of the plan to create a party while still in exile. At the end of 1899, he wrote to Yu.O. Martov and A.N. Potresov, inviting them to join the initiative group for the preparation of the publication of the newspaper. The so-called tripartite alliance (Lenin, Martov, Potresov) was concluded and an agreement was reached on a meeting in Pskov to work out a program statement for the future periodical organ of revolutionary social democracy.

Arriving in Pskov, he negotiated with his like-minded people, sought funds, created a group of reliable Social Democrats, which was later to provide assistance to the newspaper, prepared and held the so-called Pskov Conference. It adopted the first official document outlining the program of the future periodicals of the party - the Iskra newspaper and the Zarya magazine, it took place in the first days of April, it was carefully conspired. Only six people participated in it: Lenin, Martov, Potresov, Radchenko, Struve, Tugan-Baranovsky.

The participants in the meeting approved Lenin's plan "Draft statement by the editors of Iskra and Zarya". Both the characterization of the social democratic movement in Russia and the assessment of the anti-proletarian trends in the RSDLP were accepted without significant changes.

Iskra and Zarya were primarily responsible for working out questions of the theory, program and tactics of the party.

Prepared on the basis of the Pskov meeting, the “Statement of the editors of Iskra”, it came out as a separate sheet in October 1900 and was sent to Russia. It proclaimed the task of creating a Marxist party closely connected with the labor movement and the final break of the revolutionary Marxists with "economism", "legal Marxism" and other types of opportunism. Lenin's statement determined the direction and methods of activity of the first all-party organ of the revolutionary Marxists in Russia.

First Congress of the RSDLP

The first party congress, at which the creation of the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party was announced, took place in Minsk in 1898.

Were there many Marxists (or Social Democrats) in Russia in 1898?

The first congress of the RSDLP was attended by only 9 delegates from 6 social democratic organizations.

The initiators of the congress were the Social Democrats, who were part of the BUND and the Kyiv "workers' newspaper".

Kyiv Social Democrats.
Three of them are congress delegates.

The congress was held illegally under the guise of celebrating the birthday of Olga Rumyantseva, the wife of Pavel Rumyantsev, a former populist, an underground revolutionary (he himself did not participate in the meetings).

House in Minsk (Zakharyevskaya st., 133), where the congress was held

In one of the rooms that he rented, on March 1, at 10 o'clock in the morning, revolutionaries gathered. B. Eidelman, a doctor by profession, presided over the meetings. A festive table was laid in the house, there was a samovar, there were playing cards (a holiday, after all), the windows were open and the stove was heated. Windows - to escape when the gendarmes appear, and the stove - to burn documents.

Note. One portrait (Sh. Katz) is missing.

Moscow Union of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class	Vannovsky Alexander Alekseevich
Kyiv "Working newspaper"	Vigdorchik Nikolai (Nathan) Abramovich
Kyiv "Working newspaper"	Eidelman Boris Lvovich
	Katz Shmuel
	Kremer Aron (Arkady) Iosifovich
	Mutnik Abram Yakovlevich
Yekaterinoslav Union of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class	Petrusevich Kazimir Adamovich
Petersburg Union of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class	Radchenko Stepan Ivanovich
Kiev Union of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class	Tuchapsky Pavel Lukich

The most important result of the congress was the proclamation of the creation of the RSDLP - the Russian Social Democratic Labor Party.

The name of the party was supposed to be made without the word "working", since only one of the delegates could be considered a worker - the watchmaker S. Katz. But after the congress the members of the Central Committee managed to "correct" the decision of the congress.

The delegates agreed to hold the next "congress" in six months.

A decision was also adopted (the only one that has survived) on the principles of the work of the RSDLP.

The establishment of the RSDLP was celebrated with a festive (already truly) dinner - with toasts and songs.

The delegates instructed to prepare a program document for the "St. Petersburg Union of Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class" and this instruction was fulfilled shortly after the congress - the text of the Manifesto of the RSDLP was written by P.B. Struve - one of the first Russian Marxists (later one of the founders of the Constitutional Democratic Party - cadets).

Shortly after the congress, arrests began. On March 8, Eidelman was arrested in Kyiv, and soon others - Petrusevich, Mutnik, Kremer, Tuchapsky, Vannovsky. The third issue of Rabochaya Gazeta, the party's official organ, was arrested. In total, about 500 people were arrested in different cities of Russia.

So the party was proclaimed, but not actually created.

Nevertheless, the call for the unification of the Russian Social Democrats was made.

In April 1898, the Party Manifesto was published in a separate leaflet in Bobruisk:

Manifesto
Russian Social Democratic Labor Party

Fifty years ago, the life-giving storm of the 1848 revolution swept over Europe.

For the first time, as a major historical force, the modern working class appeared on the scene. With its forces, the bourgeoisie succeeded in sweeping away many outdated feudal-monarchist orders. But the bourgeoisie quickly saw the new ally as their worst enemy and betrayed both themselves and him, and the cause of freedom, into the hands of reaction. However, it was already too late: the working class, pacified for a while, reappeared on the historical stage 10-15 years later - with redoubled strength, with increased self-consciousness, as a fully mature fighter for its final liberation.

All this time, Russia apparently remained aloof from the main road of historical movement. There was no class struggle in it, but it was, and most importantly, it was growing and growing. With commendable zeal, the Russian government itself planted the seeds of the class struggle, depriving the peasants, patronizing the landowners, feeding and fattening the big capitalists at the expense of the working population. But the bourgeois-capitalist system is inconceivable without the proletariat or the working class. The latter is born together with capitalism, grows together, grows stronger, and as it grows, more and more comes up against the struggle against the bourgeoisie.

The Russian factory worker, serf and free, has always waged a covert and overt struggle against his exploiters. As capitalism developed, the dimensions of this struggle grew, they captured more and more sections of the working population. The awakening of the class consciousness of the Russian proletariat and the growth of the spontaneous labor movement coincided with the final development of international social democracy as the bearer of the class struggle and the class ideal of the class-conscious workers of the whole world. All the latest Russian workers' organizations have always, in their activities, consciously or unconsciously, acted in the spirit of Social-Democratic ideas. The strength and significance of the working-class movement and of the Social Democracy based on it has been revealed most clearly by a number of recent strikes in Russia and Poland, especially the famous strike of the St. Petersburg weavers and spinners in 1896 and 1897. These strikes forced the government to issue a law on June 2, 1897 on the length of working hours. This law, no matter how great its shortcomings, will forever remain a memorable proof of the powerful pressure that the united efforts of the workers exert on the legislative and other activities of the government. It is only in vain that the government imagines that by making concessions it can reassure the workers. Everywhere the working class becomes more demanding the more it is given. The same will happen with the Russian proletariat. Until now, he was given only when he demanded, and henceforth they will give only what he requires.

And what does the Russian working class not need! He is completely deprived of what his comrades abroad freely and calmly use: participation in the administration of the state, freedom of speech and print, freedom of unions and meetings in words, all those tools and means by which the Western European and American proletariat improves its position and at the same time fights for their final emancipation, against private property and capitalism - for socialism. The Russian proletariat needs political freedom just as clean air is needed for healthy breathing. It is the basic condition for his free development and successful struggle for partial improvements and final liberation.

But the Russian proletariat can win the political freedom it needs only by itself.

The farther to the east of Europe, the politically and weaker, more cowardly and base the bourgeoisie becomes, the greater the cultural and political tasks fall to the lot of the proletariat. On its strong shoulders the Russian working class must endure and will endure the cause of winning political freedom. This is a necessary, but only the first step towards the realization of the great historical mission of the proletariat: the creation of a social system in which there will be no place for the exploitation of man by man. The Russian proletariat will throw off the yoke of autocracy in order to continue the struggle against capitalism and the bourgeoisie with all the greater energy until the complete victory of socialism.

The first steps of the Russian working-class movement and Russian Social-Democracy could not but be scattered, in a certain sense accidental, devoid of unity and plan. Now the time has come to unite the local forces, circles and organizations of Russian Social Democracy into a single "Russian Social Democratic Labor Party". With this in mind, the representatives of the Unions of the Struggle for the Emancipation of the Working Class, the group that publishes Rabochaya Gazeta, and the Pan-Jewish Workers' Union in Russia and Poland held a congress, the decisions of which are reproduced below.

The local groups, uniting in a party, realize the full importance of this step and the full significance of the responsibility that follows from it. To them, they finally consolidate the transition of the Russian revolutionary movement into a new era of conscious class struggle. Both the movement and the socialist direction, the Russian Social Democratic Party continues the work and traditions of the entire previous revolutionary movement in Russia; By making the winning of political freedom the chief immediate task of the party as a whole, Social-Democracy is advancing towards the goal clearly outlined by the glorious leaders of the old Narodnaya Volya. But the means and paths chosen by Social-Democracy are different. Their choice is determined by the fact that it consciously wants to be and remains a class movement of the organized working masses.

It is firmly convinced that "the emancipation of the working class can only be its own affair" and will unswervingly conform all its actions to this basic principle of international social democracy.

Long live Russian, long live international Social Democracy!”

FROM CONGRESS DECISIONS

"1. The organizations of the Unions of the Struggle for the Liberation of the Working Class, the groups of the Rabochaya Gazeta and the Pan-Jewish Workers' Union in Russia and Poland merge into a single organization under the name of the Russian Social-Democratic Labor Party, and the Pan-Jewish Labor Party. Workers' Union in Ros. and Poland" is included in the party as an autonomous organization, independent only in matters relating specifically to the Jewish proletariat.

2. The executive body of the "Party" is the Central Committee, elected by the congress of the "Party", to which it gives an account of its activities.

3. It is the responsibility of the Central Committee

A) Concern for the planned activity of the "Party" (the distribution of forces and means, the presentation and implementation of uniform requirements, etc.). The Central Committee is guided in this by the general instructions given by the congresses of the "Party".
b). Creation and delivery of literature to local committees.
c) The organization of such enterprises that are of general importance for the whole of Russia (the celebration of May 1, the publication of leaflets on outstanding facts, assistance to strikers, etc.).

4. In especially important cases, the Central Committee is guided by the following principles:

A) In matters that can be postponed, the Central Committee is obliged to seek guidance from the congress of the "Party".
b) In matters that cannot be postponed, the Central Committee, by unanimous decision, acts independently, giving an account of what has been done to the next regular or emergency congress of the "Party".

5. The Central Committee has the right to replenish its membership with new members.

6. The funds of the "Party", which are at the disposal of the Central Committee, are made up of:

A) From the voluntary one-time contributions of local committees at the time of the formation of the "Party".
b) from voluntary periodic contributions from the funds of local committees, and
c) from special fees for the "Party".

7. The local committees carry out the decisions of the Central Committee in whatever form they find more suitable for local conditions. In exceptional cases, local committees are given the right to refuse to fulfill the requirements of the Central Committee, notifying it of the reason for the refusal. In all other respects the local committees act quite independently, being guided only by the program of the "Party".

8. The "Party" through its Central Committee enters into relations with other revolutionary organizations, insofar as this does not violate the principles of its program and the methods of its tactics. The Party recognizes the right of self-determination for every nationality.
Note. Local committees enter into relations with such organizations only with the knowledge and on the instructions of the Central Committee.

9. The highest body of the "Party" is the congress of representatives of local committees. There are regular and emergency congresses. Each regular congress appoints the time of the next regular one. Emergency congresses are convened by the Central Committee, both on its own initiative and at the request of two-thirds of the local members.

10. The "Union of Russian Social Democrats" abroad is part of the "Party" and its representative abroad.

11. The Rabochaya Gazeta is declared the official organ of the "Party".

The main party organ approved
"Working newspaper":

In 1900, the engineer-technologist S.I. Radchenko, a delegate of the first congress, became one of the active participants in the creation of the Iskra newspaper and the organization of the Second Congress of the RSDLP.

THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE FIRST CONGRESS -

First of all, in the fact that everyone who called himself a Social Democrat could (and should) declare his support for the ideas of the RSDLP Manifesto and the goals of the RSDLP:

"... the working class must endure and will endure the cause of winning political freedom. This is a necessary, but only the first step towards the realization of the great historical mission of the proletariat: the creation of a social system in which there will be no place for the exploitation of man by man. The Russian proletariat will throw off the yoke of autocracy in order to continue the struggle against capitalism and the bourgeoisie with all the greater energy until the complete victory of socialism.

If you support this thesis, then you are a social democrat!

Each party congress was important in the history of the USSR. Here are the most significant ones.

II Congress of the RSDLP, July 17 - August 10, 1903

XV Congress of the CPSU (b), December 2-19, 1927

XX Congress of the CPSU, February 14-25, 1956

XXII Congress of the CPSU, October 17-31, 1961

XXVIII Congress of the CPSU, July 2-13, 1990

Each party congress was important in the history of the USSR. This top is by Diletant. media Alexandra Mikhailidi chose the most significant of them.

Where: from 17 to 24 July the convention was held "illegally" abroad in Brussels, but due to problems with local authorities it was moved to London.

Who participated: 26 organizations took part in the congress, among which was the Iskra, headed by V. I. Lenin, the Emancipation of Labor group, headed by G. V. Plekhanov, the Bunda (Jewish Socialist Party) and others.

Historical meaning: due to disagreement between the participants on the main programmatic and tactical issues (the role and nature of the party, the agrarian program, etc.), the party was divided into two factions - the Bolsheviks and the Mensheviks.

It was this congress that confirmed Lenin as the leader of the radical wing. Also at this congress, the main policy of the Bolsheviks was adopted - the struggle for the dictatorship of the proletariat.

Where: The congress was held in Moscow.

Who participated: 1669 delegates attended the congress.

Historical meaning: firstly, at the congress it was decided to expel the "opposition" bloc from the party - Leon Trotsky, Grigory Zinoviev, Lev Kamenev and their supporters (93 people in total).

Secondly, the congress was of great economic importance: the Directives for the preparation of the first "five-year plan" were approved and a decision was made to collectivize agriculture.

Where: The congress was held in Moscow.

Who participated: 1349 delegates took part in the congress. It is worth noting that there were also delegations of communist and workers' parties from 55 countries.

Historical meaning: Undoubtedly, the congress went down in history as a condemnation of Stalin's personality cult. N. S. Khrushchev delivered a closed report "On the cult of personality and its consequences." It listed the numerous crimes of Stalin during the years of his leadership of the country.

In addition, the report raised the problem of the rehabilitation of repressed party leaders and the military. The document caused a sensation all over the world, translations into various languages ​​​​appeared. The 20th Congress is considered to be the end of the Stalin era and the beginning of the weakening of ideological censorship.

Where: was held for the first time in the Kremlin Palace of Congresses in Moscow.

Who participated: 4394 delegates attended, as well as delegations from 80 foreign parties.

Historical meaning: Firstly, the struggle against Stalin's personality cult continued. At this congress, it was decided to remove his body from the Mausoleum. The cities named after him were also renamed, almost all the monuments were removed, but remained in Gori.

Secondly, Khrushchev announced that communism would be built in the USSR by 1980. In his speech, the following slogans were uttered: "The current generation of Soviet people will live under communism!"; “Our goals are clear, tasks are defined, get to work, comrades!”; “By the end of 1965 we will have no taxes on the population!”

The speeches at the 22nd Congress made a great impression on AI Solzhenitsyn. “For a long time I did not remember such an interesting reading as speeches at the XXII Congress!” - concluded the writer.

Where: was held at the Kremlin Palace of Congresses in Moscow.

Who participated: 4683 delegates attended.

Historical meaning: The congress revealed a deep crisis within the party. Due to disagreements, it was not possible to approve the program. The conservatives found themselves in the minority, while the supporters of the reforms did not want to continue their policy within the framework of the CPSU. Right at the congress, Boris N. Yeltsin and some of his like-minded people left the party.

From that moment on, Gorbachev began to lose leverage in the party. After the congress, he was repeatedly criticized sharply - the question of resignation arose. So, this congress was the last before the abolition of the party in 1991.

1944 year. The Vilnius operation began - an offensive operation of the troops of the 3rd Belorussian Front in the Great Patriotic War, carried out on July 5-20 during the Belarusian operation
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Congresses of the CPSU

Dates of congresses and conferences of the CPSU

• 1st Congress of the RSDLP - 1-3 (13-15) March 1898, Minsk.
• 2nd Congress of the RSDLP - July 17 (30) - August 10 (23), 1903, Brussels - London.
• 3rd Congress of the RSDLP - April 12-27 (April 25-May 10), 1905, London.
• 1st Conference of the RSDLP - 12-17 (25-30) December 1905, Tammerfors.
• 4th (Unity) Congress of the RSDLP - April 10-25 (April 23-May 8), 1906, Stockholm.
• 2nd Conference of the RSDLP ("First All-Russian") - 3-7 (16-20) November 1906, Tammerfors.
• 5th (London) Congress of the RSDLP - April 30-May 19 (May 13-June 1), 1907, London.
• 3rd Conference of the RSDLP ("Second All-Russian") - July 21-23 (August 3-5), 1907, Kotka (Finland).
• 4th Conference of the RSDLP ("Third All-Russian") - November 5-12 (18-25), 1907, Helsingfors.
• 5th Conference of the RSDLP (All-Russian) - December 21-27, 1908 (January 3-9, 1909), Paris.
• 6th (Prague) All-Russian Conference of the RSDLP - January 5-17 (18-30), 1912, Prague.
• 7th (April) All-Russian Conference of the RSDLP (b) - April 24-29 (May 7-12), 1917, Petrograd.
• 6th Congress of the RSDLP (b) - July 26-August 3 (August 8-16), 1917, Petrograd.
• 7th Emergency Congress of the RCP (b) - March 6-8, 1918, Petrograd.
• 8th Congress of the RCP (b) - March 18-23, 1919, Moscow.
• 8th All-Russian Conference of the RCP (b) - December 2-4, 1919, Moscow.
• 9th Congress of the RCP (b) - March 29-April 5, 1920, Moscow.
• 9th All-Russian Conference of the RCP (b) - September 22-25, 1920, Moscow.
• 10th Congress of the RCP (b) - March 8-16, 1921, Moscow,
• 10th All-Russian Conference of the RCP (b) - May 26-28, 1921, Moscow.
• 11th All-Russian Conference of the RCP (b) - December 19-22, 1921, Moscow.
• 11th Congress of the RCP (b) - March 27-April 2, 1922, Moscow.
• 12th All-Russian Conference of the RCP (b) - August 4-7, 1922, Moscow.
• 12th Congress of the RCP (b) - April 17-25, 1923, Moscow.
• 13th Conference of the RCP (b) - January 16-18, 1924, Moscow.
• 13th Congress of the RCP (b) - May 23-31, 1924, Moscow.
• 14th Conference of the RCP (b) - April 27-29, 1925, Moscow.
• 14th Congress of the CPSU (b) - December 18-31, 1925, Moscow.
• 15th Conference of the CPSU (b) - October 26-November 3, 1926, Moscow.
• 15th Congress of the CPSU (b) - December 2-19, 1927, Moscow
• 16th Conference of the CPSU (b) - April 23-29, 1929, Moscow.
• 16th Congress of the CPSU (b) - June 26-July 13, 1930, Moscow.
• 17th Conference of the CPSU (b) - January 30-February 4, 1932, Moscow.
• 17th Congress of the CPSU (b) - January 26-February 10, 1934, Moscow.
• 18th Congress of the CPSU (b) - March 10-21, 1939, Moscow.
• 18th Conference of the CPSU (b) - February 15-20, 1941, Moscow.
• 19th Congress of the CPSU - October 5-14, 1952, Moscow.
• 20th Congress of the CPSU - February 14-25, 1956, Moscow.
• 21st (Extraordinary) Congress of the CPSU - January 27-February 5, 1959, Moscow.
• 22nd Congress of the CPSU - October 17-31, 1961, Moscow.
• 23rd Congress of the CPSU - March 29-April 8, 1966, Moscow.
• 24th Congress of the CPSU - March 30-April 9, 1971, Moscow.
• 25th Congress of the CPSU - February 24-March 5, 1976, Moscow.
• 26th Congress of the CPSU - February 23-March 3, 1981, Moscow.
• 27th Congress of the CPSU - February 25-March 6, 1986, Moscow.
• 19th Conference of the CPSU - June 28-July 1, 1988, Moscow.
• 28th Congress of the CPSU - July 2–13, 1990, Moscow.

1964 year. L.I.

Brezhnev is inferior to A.I. Mikoyan the post of chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Council and focuses entirely on activities in the Secretariat of the Central Committee.
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Congresses of the CPSU

Dates of congresses and conferences of the CPSU

• 1st Congress of the RSDLP - 1-3 (13-15) March 1898, Minsk.
• 2nd Congress of the RSDLP - July 17 (30) - August 10 (23), 1903, Brussels - London.
• 3rd Congress of the RSDLP - April 12-27 (April 25-May 10), 1905, London.
• 1st Conference of the RSDLP - 12-17 (25-30) December 1905, Tammerfors.
• 4th (Unity) Congress of the RSDLP - April 10-25 (April 23-May 8), 1906, Stockholm.
• 2nd Conference of the RSDLP ("First All-Russian") - 3-7 (16-20) November 1906, Tammerfors.
• 5th (London) Congress of the RSDLP - April 30-May 19 (May 13-June 1), 1907, London.
• 3rd Conference of the RSDLP ("Second All-Russian") - July 21-23 (August 3-5), 1907, Kotka (Finland).
• 4th Conference of the RSDLP ("Third All-Russian") - November 5-12 (18-25), 1907, Helsingfors.
• 5th Conference of the RSDLP (All-Russian) - December 21-27, 1908 (January 3-9, 1909), Paris.
• 6th (Prague) All-Russian Conference of the RSDLP - January 5-17 (18-30), 1912, Prague.
• 7th (April) All-Russian Conference of the RSDLP (b) - April 24-29 (May 7-12), 1917, Petrograd.
• 6th Congress of the RSDLP (b) - July 26-August 3 (August 8-16), 1917, Petrograd.
• 7th Emergency Congress of the RCP (b) - March 6-8, 1918, Petrograd.
• 8th Congress of the RCP (b) - March 18-23, 1919, Moscow.
• 8th All-Russian Conference of the RCP (b) - December 2-4, 1919, Moscow.
• 9th Congress of the RCP (b) - March 29-April 5, 1920, Moscow.
• 9th All-Russian Conference of the RCP (b) - September 22-25, 1920, Moscow.
• 10th Congress of the RCP (b) - March 8-16, 1921, Moscow,
• 10th All-Russian Conference of the RCP (b) - May 26-28, 1921, Moscow.
• 11th All-Russian Conference of the RCP (b) - December 19-22, 1921, Moscow.
• 11th Congress of the RCP (b) - March 27-April 2, 1922, Moscow.
• 12th All-Russian Conference of the RCP (b) - August 4-7, 1922, Moscow.
• 12th Congress of the RCP (b) - April 17-25, 1923, Moscow.
• 13th Conference of the RCP (b) - January 16-18, 1924, Moscow.
• 13th Congress of the RCP (b) - May 23-31, 1924, Moscow.
• 14th Conference of the RCP (b) - April 27-29, 1925, Moscow.
• 14th Congress of the CPSU (b) - December 18-31, 1925, Moscow.
• 15th Conference of the CPSU (b) - October 26-November 3, 1926, Moscow.
• 15th Congress of the CPSU (b) - December 2-19, 1927, Moscow
• 16th Conference of the CPSU (b) - April 23-29, 1929, Moscow.
• 16th Congress of the CPSU (b) - June 26-July 13, 1930, Moscow.
• 17th Conference of the CPSU (b) - January 30-February 4, 1932, Moscow.
• 17th Congress of the CPSU (b) - January 26-February 10, 1934, Moscow.
• 18th Congress of the CPSU (b) - March 10-21, 1939, Moscow.
• 18th Conference of the CPSU (b) - February 15-20, 1941, Moscow.
• 19th Congress of the CPSU - October 5-14, 1952, Moscow.
• 20th Congress of the CPSU - February 14-25, 1956, Moscow.
• 21st (Extraordinary) Congress of the CPSU - January 27-February 5, 1959, Moscow.
• 22nd Congress of the CPSU - October 17-31, 1961, Moscow.
• 23rd Congress of the CPSU - March 29-April 8, 1966, Moscow.
• 24th Congress of the CPSU - March 30-April 9, 1971, Moscow.
• 25th Congress of the CPSU - February 24-March 5, 1976, Moscow.
• 26th Congress of the CPSU - February 23-March 3, 1981, Moscow.
• 27th Congress of the CPSU - February 25-March 6, 1986, Moscow.
• 19th Conference of the CPSU - June 28-July 1, 1988, Moscow.
• 28th Congress of the CPSU - July 2–13, 1990, Moscow.

1943 year. The offensive of German troops near the Kursk Bulge began
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Congresses of the CPSU

Dates of congresses and conferences of the CPSU

• 1st Congress of the RSDLP - 1-3 (13-15) March 1898, Minsk.
• 2nd Congress of the RSDLP - July 17 (30) - August 10 (23), 1903, Brussels - London.
• 3rd Congress of the RSDLP - April 12-27 (April 25-May 10), 1905, London.
• 1st Conference of the RSDLP - 12-17 (25-30) December 1905, Tammerfors.
• 4th (Unity) Congress of the RSDLP - April 10-25 (April 23-May 8), 1906, Stockholm.
• 2nd Conference of the RSDLP ("First All-Russian") - 3-7 (16-20) November 1906, Tammerfors.
• 5th (London) Congress of the RSDLP - April 30-May 19 (May 13-June 1), 1907, London.
• 3rd Conference of the RSDLP ("Second All-Russian") - July 21-23 (August 3-5), 1907, Kotka (Finland).
• 4th Conference of the RSDLP ("Third All-Russian") - November 5-12 (18-25), 1907, Helsingfors.
• 5th Conference of the RSDLP (All-Russian) - December 21-27, 1908 (January 3-9, 1909), Paris.
• 6th (Prague) All-Russian Conference of the RSDLP - January 5-17 (18-30), 1912, Prague.
• 7th (April) All-Russian Conference of the RSDLP (b) - April 24-29 (May 7-12), 1917, Petrograd.
• 6th Congress of the RSDLP (b) - July 26-August 3 (August 8-16), 1917, Petrograd.
• 7th Emergency Congress of the RCP (b) - March 6-8, 1918, Petrograd.
• 8th Congress of the RCP (b) - March 18-23, 1919, Moscow.
• 8th All-Russian Conference of the RCP (b) - December 2-4, 1919, Moscow.
• 9th Congress of the RCP (b) - March 29-April 5, 1920, Moscow.
• 9th All-Russian Conference of the RCP (b) - September 22-25, 1920, Moscow.
• 10th Congress of the RCP (b) - March 8-16, 1921, Moscow,
• 10th All-Russian Conference of the RCP (b) - May 26-28, 1921, Moscow.
• 11th All-Russian Conference of the RCP (b) - December 19-22, 1921, Moscow.
• 11th Congress of the RCP (b) - March 27-April 2, 1922, Moscow.
• 12th All-Russian Conference of the RCP (b) - August 4-7, 1922, Moscow.
• 12th Congress of the RCP (b) - April 17-25, 1923, Moscow.
• 13th Conference of the RCP (b) - January 16-18, 1924, Moscow.
• 13th Congress of the RCP (b) - May 23-31, 1924, Moscow.
• 14th Conference of the RCP (b) - April 27-29, 1925, Moscow.
• 14th Congress of the CPSU (b) - December 18-31, 1925, Moscow.
• 15th Conference of the CPSU (b) - October 26-November 3, 1926, Moscow.
• 15th Congress of the CPSU (b) - December 2-19, 1927, Moscow
• 16th Conference of the CPSU (b) - April 23-29, 1929, Moscow.
• 16th Congress of the CPSU (b) - June 26-July 13, 1930, Moscow.
• 17th Conference of the CPSU (b) - January 30-February 4, 1932, Moscow.
• 17th Congress of the CPSU (b) - January 26-February 10, 1934, Moscow.
• 18th Congress of the CPSU (b) - March 10-21, 1939, Moscow.
• 18th Conference of the CPSU (b) - February 15-20, 1941, Moscow.
• 19th Congress of the CPSU - October 5-14, 1952, Moscow.
• 20th Congress of the CPSU - February 14-25, 1956, Moscow.
• 21st (Extraordinary) Congress of the CPSU - January 27-February 5, 1959, Moscow.
• 22nd Congress of the CPSU - October 17-31, 1961, Moscow.
• 23rd Congress of the CPSU - March 29-April 8, 1966, Moscow.
• 24th Congress of the CPSU - March 30-April 9, 1971, Moscow.
• 25th Congress of the CPSU - February 24-March 5, 1976, Moscow.
• 26th Congress of the CPSU - February 23-March 3, 1981, Moscow.
• 27th Congress of the CPSU - February 25-March 6, 1986, Moscow.
• 19th Conference of the CPSU - June 28-July 1, 1988, Moscow.
• 28th Congress of the CPSU - July 2–13, 1990, Moscow.

1921 year. A Decree was adopted allowing the leasing of state-owned enterprises to private individuals (under the NEP).
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