The writing.

Pictures of folk life in N.A. Nekrasov’s poem “Who should live well in Russia”

“Who is living well in Russia” is an epic poem. In the center of it -
image of post-reform Russia. Nekrasov wrote the poem for twenty years, collecting material for it "by word". The poem is unusually broad coverage of folk life. Nekrasov wanted to depict all social strata in it: from the peasant to the king. But, unfortunately, the poem was never finished - the death of the poet prevented it. the main problem, the main question of the work is already clearly visible in the title "To whom it is good to live in Russia" - this is the problem of happiness.
Nekrasov's poem "Who should live well in Russia" begins with the question:
"In what year - calculate, in what land - guess." But it is not difficult to understand what period Nekrasov is talking about. The poet is referring to the reform of 1861, according to which the peasants were “liberated”, and those, not having their own land, fell into even greater bondage.
Through the whole poem passes the thought of the impossibility of living like this, of the heavy peasant lot, of the peasant ruin. This motif of the hungry life of the peasantry, whom “longing-trouble exhausted” sounds with particular force in the song called “Hungry” by Nekrasov. The poet does not soften the colors, showing poverty, rudeness, religious prejudice and drunkenness in peasant life.
The situation of the people is depicted with the utmost distinctness by the name of the places where the truth-seeking peasants come from: Terpigorev district, Pustoporozhnaya volost, the villages of Zaplatovo, Dyryavino, Razutovo, Znobishino, Gorelovo, Neyolovo. The poem very vividly depicts the bleak, powerless, hungry life of the people. “A man's happiness,” the poet exclaims bitterly, “leaky with patches, humpbacked with calluses!” As before, the peasants are people who “have not eaten their fill, slurped unsalted food.” The only thing that has changed is that "now instead of the master, the volost will fight them."
With undisguised sympathy, the author treats those peasants who do not put up with their hungry, disenfranchised existence. Unlike the world of exploiters and moral freaks, serfs like Yakov, Gleb, Sidor, Ipat, the best of the peasants in the poem retained true humanity, the ability to sacrifice, and spiritual nobility. These are Matrena Timofeevna, the bogatyr Saveliy, Yakim Nagoi, Yermil Girin, Agap Petrov, headman Vlas, seven truth-seekers and others. Each of them has his own task in life, his own reason to “search for the truth”, but all of them together testify that peasant Russia has already awakened, come to life. Truth seekers see such happiness for the Russian people:
I don't need any silver
No gold, but God forbid
So that my countrymen
And every peasant
Life was easy, fun
All over holy Russia!
In Yakima Nagoy, the peculiar character of the people's truth-seeker, the peasant "righteous man" is presented. Yakim lives the same hard-working beggarly life as the rest of the peasantry. But he has a rebellious disposition. Yakim is an honest worker with great feeling own dignity. Yakim is also smart, he perfectly understands why the peasant lives so miserably, so badly. These words belong to him:
Every peasant has
The soul is like a black cloud
Angry, formidable - and it would be necessary
Thunders rumble from there,
pouring bloody rains,
And everything ends with wine.
Yermil Girin is also remarkable. A literate peasant, he served as a clerk, became famous throughout the district for his justice, intelligence and disinterested devotion to the people. Yermil showed himself to be an exemplary headman when the people chose him for this position. However, Nekrasov does not make him an ideal righteous man. Ermil, taking pity on his younger brother, appoints Vlasyevna's son as a recruit, and then, in a fit of repentance, almost commits suicide. The story of Ermil ends sadly. He is imprisoned for his performance during the riot. The image of Ermil testifies to the spiritual forces lurking in the Russian people, the richness of the moral qualities of the peasantry.
But it is only in the chapter "Savelius the Hero of Holy Russia" that the peasant protest turns into a revolt, culminating in the murder of the oppressor. True, the reprisal against the German manager was still spontaneous, but such was the reality of serf society. Peasant riots arose spontaneously as a response to the cruel oppression of the peasants by the landowners and managers of their estates.
Not meek and submissive are close to the poet, but recalcitrant and courageous rebels, such as Saveliy, the “hero of the Holy Russian”, Yakim Nagoi, whose behavior speaks of the awakening of the consciousness of the peasantry, of its boiling protest against oppression.
Nekrasov wrote about the oppressed people of his country with anger and pain. But the poet was able to notice the "spark hidden" of the mighty internal forces laid down in the people, and looked ahead with hope and faith:
The army rises
innumerable,
The strength will affect her
Indestructible.
The peasant theme in the poem is inexhaustible, multifaceted, the entire figurative system of the poem is devoted to the theme of revealing peasant happiness. In this regard, we can recall the “happy” peasant woman Korchagina Matryona Timofeevna, nicknamed the “governor’s wife” for special luck, and people of the servile rank, for example, the “servant of the exemplary Jacob the faithful”, who managed to take revenge on his offender master, and the hard-working peasants from the chapters of The Last Child, who are forced to break a comedy in front of the old prince Utyatin, pretending that there was no abolition of serfdom, and many other images of the poem.
All these images, even episodic, create a mosaic, bright canvas of the poem, echo each other. This technique was called polyphony by critics. Indeed, a poem written on folklore material gives the impression of a Russian folk song performed in many voices.

The poem by N. A. Nekrasov “To whom it is good to live in Russia” is conceived as an epic, i.e. piece of art, depicting with the maximum degree of completeness an entire era in the fate of the people. The poet recreates a broad panorama of the life of post-reform Russia, shows the bitter lot of the multi-million Russian peasantry after the "liberation" in 1861.

The poet tragically experiences the events of those years. From the very beginning of the poem - with the significant names of the province, county, volost, villages - the author draws the reader's attention to the plight

people. Already the first lines about fields with poor seedlings give rise to disturbing thoughts in the author about the fate of the people: “What happiness is here?” The heroes of the poem are wandering peasants walking through Russia and before their eyes there are pictures of a gloomy peasant life. The description of nature in the second chapter is given in inseparable unity with the life of a peasant: "I'm sorry for the poor peasant." Plowmen evoke a feeling of compassion, because because of the cold spring, crop failures and famine await them.

She drove the snow, and the greenery
No weed, no leaf!
Water is not removed
The earth does not dress
Green bright velvet
And like a dead man without a shroud,
lies

Under cloudy skies
Sad and naked.

The comparison of the earth with the dead fills the poet's soul with bitter forebodings about the fate of the poor in the coming winter.

With particular force, the motif of peasant deprivation sounds in the description of the village of Klin - “an enviable village”:
Whatever the hut - with a backup,
Like a beggar with a crutch;
And from the roofs the straw is fed
Scott. They stand like skeletons
Wretched houses.

A general picture of the impoverishment of the Russian village and the horrific situation of the Russian woman grows out of a private picture:
Our poor villages
And in them the peasants are sick
Yes, sad women
Nurses, drinkers,
Slaves, pilgrims
And eternal workers...

With bitter irony, the village of Kuzminskoye is called "rich". It is rich in taverns, in which a Russian peasant pours vodka into mortal anguish. Dirt and desolation are everywhere in the village. The details are indicative: the school is "empty, packed tightly." This means that literacy classes for the peasant people will hardly begin in the near future. In the hut where the paramedic receives patients, there is only “one window”. Poverty, darkness, ignorance — these are the conditions in which the "liberated" people exist.

At the same time, all these descriptions give an idea of ​​the spiritual wealth of a person from the people. Wanderers use in their speech a well-aimed word, vivid epithets and comparisons, sayings and proverbs that reflect the natural mind of ordinary workers. The author draws vivid pictures that help to sharply feel how poor, disenfranchised, but at the same time talented peasant Russia.

The poem highlights the image of a stonemason, “shouldered”, “young. Who does not know the need and who therefore can be called "lucky". His appearance and words are admirable. This is a man who loves work, who knows how to work: “he waved a hammer like a feather.” The hero is distinguished by both moral and physical beauty. This is a real hero who works from dawn to dusk:
When I wake up to the sun
Let me unwind at midnight
So I will crush the mountain.

However, the comments of one of the wanderers make one think that overwork will surely turn into a tragedy in old age:
... but will not
Carry with this happiness
Old age is hard.

The future of the working peasants still turns out to be hopeless. The “man with shortness of breath”, also torn by work, remembered the fate of “no worse than a bricklayer”, who is now “withering”.

Pictures of the life of Matrena Timofeevna show what trials Russian women go through: bondage in the husband's family, eternal humiliation, despotism of family relations, constant separation from her husband, who is forced to go to work, need: fires, loss of livestock, crop failures; the threat to remain a soldier - the most disenfranchised person. Matryona Timofeevna bitterly tells the wanderers how she was "slandered as a happy woman, called the governor's wife." Indeed, the peasant woman had the happiest day in her life - a meeting with a kind man from the "top". The sympathetic governor's wife saved Matrena Timofeevna's husband from soldiering. But the fate of the first-born woman, the son Demushka, did not save her. After his death, the sufferer experienced terrible despair. For another son, Matryona was publicly flogged with rods. The story of the heroine about her life is a story about the fate of any peasant woman, a long-suffering Russian woman-mother. However, the author cherishes in it a sense of dignity, a protest against oppression. The heroine in the poem says proud words:
I bow my head
I carry an angry heart!

Another representative of the peasant world in the work is Yakim Nagoi. He protests against the unfair treatment of the working peasantry:
You work alone
A little bit of work is done
Look, there are three equity holders:
God, king and lord!

In the words of Yakim about the people's soul, a formidable warning sounds:
Every peasant has
Soul that black cloud -
Angry, ugly...

In the image of Savely, the Holy Russian hero, lies the strength and impotence of the Russian peasant, the inconsistency of his consciousness. The hero has:
Saved in slavery, free heart,
Gold, gold, people's heart.

On the other hand, he calls on Matryona to be patient: “Be patient, multi-curled. you are a serf woman!”

So, in the poem, folk life is revealed in a wide variety of manifestations. For the poet, the peasant is great in everything: in his slavish patience, in his age-old suffering, in sins, and in revelry, and in the thirst for will. Nekrasov showed a people who preserved powerful forces even in a painful, impoverished, hopeless life. Therefore, the leading place in the poem is occupied by the images of peasants who are not reconciled with their position, protesting against the oppressors.

Essays on topics:

1. In his poem, N. A. Nekrasov creates images of "new people" who came out of the people's environment and became active fighters for the good...
2. In the poem “To whom it is good to live in Russia”, Nekrasov, as if on behalf of millions of peasants, acted as an angry exposer of the socio-political system of Russia and ...
3. The poem “To whom it is good to live in Russia” is the pinnacle work of the work of N. A. Nekrasov. He nurtured the idea of ​​this work for a long time, fourteen...
4. The poem "To whom it is good to live in Russia" (1863-1877) is the pinnacle of Nekrasov's work. This is a genuine encyclopedia of Russian pre-reform and post-reform life, a work ...

"To whom in Russia it is good to live" - ​​an epic poem. In the center of it is an image of post-reform Russia. Nekrasov wrote the poem for twenty years, collecting material for it "by word". The poem is unusually broad coverage of folk life. Nekrasov wanted to depict all social strata in it: from the peasant to the king. But, unfortunately, the poem was never finished - the death of the poet prevented it. The main problem, the main question of the work is already clearly visible in the title "To whom it is good to live in Russia" - this is the problem of happiness. Nekrasov's poem "To whom it is good to live in Russia" begins with the question: "In what year - count, in what land - guess."

But it is not difficult to understand what period Nekrasov is talking about. The poet is referring to the reform of 1861, according to which the peasants were “liberated”, and those, not having their own land, fell into even greater bondage. Through the whole poem passes the thought of the impossibility of living like this, of the heavy peasant lot, of the peasant ruin. This motif of the hungry life of the peasantry, whom “longing-trouble exhausted” sounds with particular force in the song called “Hungry” by Nekrasov. The poet does not soften the colors, showing poverty, rudeness, religious prejudice and drunkenness in peasant life. The situation of the people is depicted with the utmost distinctness by the name of the places where the truth-seeking peasants come from: Terpigorev district, Pustoporozhnaya volost, the villages of Zaplatovo, Dyryavino, Razutovo, Znobishino, Gorelovo, Neyolovo. The poem very vividly depicts the bleak, powerless, hungry life of the people.

“A man's happiness,” the poet exclaims bitterly, “leaky with patches, humpbacked with calluses!” As before, the peasants are people who “have not eaten their fill, sipped without salt.”

The only thing that has changed is that "now instead of the master, the volost will fight them." With undisguised sympathy, the author treats those peasants who do not put up with their hungry, disenfranchised existence. Unlike the world of exploiters and moral freaks, serfs like Yakov, Gleb, Sidor, Ipat, the best of the peasants in the poem retained true humanity, the ability to sacrifice, and spiritual nobility. These are Matrena Timofeevna, the bogatyr Saveliy, Yakim Nagoi, Yermil Girin, Agap Petrov, headman Vlas, seven truth-seekers and others. Each of them has his own task in life, his own reason to “search for the truth”, but all of them together testify that peasant Russia has already awakened, come to life. Truth-seekers see such happiness for the Russian people: I don’t need neither silver, nor gold, but God forbid, So that my fellow countrymen And every peasant Live freely, cheerfully In all holy Russia! In Yakima Nagoy, the peculiar character of the people's truth-seeker, the peasant "righteous man" is presented.

Yakim lives the same hard-working beggarly life as the rest of the peasantry. But he has a rebellious disposition. Yakim is an honest worker with a great sense of dignity. Yakim is also smart, he perfectly understands why the peasant lives so miserably, so badly. It is to him that the following words belong: Every peasant has a soul that is a black cloud, Anger, formidable - and it would be necessary for Thunders to thunder from there, To pour bloody rains, And everything ends with wine. Yermil Girin is also remarkable. A literate peasant, he served as a clerk, became famous throughout the district for his justice, intelligence and disinterested devotion to the people.

Yermil showed himself to be an exemplary headman when the people chose him for this position. However, Nekrasov does not make him an ideal righteous man. Ermil, taking pity on his younger brother, appoints Vlasyevna's son as a recruit, and then, in a fit of repentance, almost commits suicide. The story of Ermil ends sadly. He is imprisoned for his performance during the riot. The image of Ermil testifies to the spiritual forces lurking in the Russian people, the richness of the moral qualities of the peasantry.

But only in the chapter "Savelius - the Holy Russian Hero" does the peasant protest turn into a revolt, culminating in the murder of the oppressor. True, the reprisal against the German manager was still spontaneous, but such was the reality of serf society. Peasant riots arose spontaneously as a response to the cruel oppression of the peasants by the landowners and managers of their estates. Not meek and submissive are close to the poet, but recalcitrant and courageous rebels, such as Saveliy, the “hero of the Holy Russian”, Yakim Nagoi, whose behavior speaks of the awakening of the consciousness of the peasantry, of its boiling protest against oppression.

Nekrasov wrote about the oppressed people of his country with anger and pain. But the poet was able to notice the “spark hidden” of the mighty internal forces inherent in the people, and looked forward with hope and faith: The Army rises Innumerable, the Force will affect it Indestructible. The peasant theme in the poem is inexhaustible, multifaceted, the entire figurative system of the poem is devoted to the theme of revealing peasant happiness. In this regard, we can recall the “happy” peasant woman Korchagina Matryona Timofeevna, nicknamed the “governor’s wife” for special luck, and people of the servile rank, for example, the “servant of the exemplary Jacob the faithful”, who managed to take revenge on his offender master, and the hard-working peasants from the chapters of The Last Child, who are forced to break a comedy in front of the old prince Utyatin, pretending that there was no abolition of serfdom, and many other images of the poem.

All these images, even episodic, create a mosaic, bright canvas of the poem, echo each other. This technique was called polyphony by critics. All people live differently. Some are rich, some are poor; some are strong, some are weak. Fate brings pleasant surprises to someone, turns away from someone. It is not possible in the world for everyone to live well. Someone must suffer.

And this cruel law of our complex life has always worried people. Among them is the great Russian writer Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov. Whoever lives happily, freely in Russia, this question is asked by the heroes of his famous epic poem to everyone who meets them on the way. The heroes of the poem Who live well in Russia are not officials, not rich people, not merchants, but simple peasants. Nekrasov chose them to clarify this issue because it is they who do not live happily and freely. They see nothing but work from morning to night, poverty, hunger and cold.

From the very beginning of the poem, Nekrasov claims that the peasants are not those who bathe in happiness. And indeed it is. And who, according to the peasants, lives without knowing grief? This is a landowner, an official, a priest, a fat-bellied merchant, a boyar, a minister of sovereigns, a tsar. But are our heroes right? Do these people have such a cloudless life? Both the priest and the landowner say the opposite.

In their opinion, they barely make ends meet. Maybe they are telling the truth, but not the whole truth. Is it possible to compare the life of a peasant with the life of a landowner, even the poorest? Of course not. How more people has, the more he needs. For example, a large house, an abundance of food, a trio of horses, and servants are not enough for a landowner. He needs more: so that each herb whispers: “I am yours!

". But do the peasants have such desires! For them, a piece of bread is a joy.

Everyone understands happiness differently. Most in wealth, and some in bringing happiness to others. And such people, in my opinion, are really happy. To live well, you need to help other people. You have to be honest, kind, unselfish. But such people are very few, but still they exist. Such, for example, is Grisha Dobrosklonov, the hero of the poem: For him, fate was preparing a glorious path, the loud name of the People's Protector ...

Nekrasov claims that Grisha will be happy, because he does a lot for the good of the people, supports him, inspires faith. And his kindness cannot go unnoticed. Maybe that's why our wanderers couldn't find a happy person for so long because they met mercenary people on their way. But this can't be said about everyone. For example, Matrena Timofeevna Korchagina is a kind, hardworking woman. And the men themselves can not be called bad.

But still, what is happiness How to become happy As they say, a person is the blacksmith of his own happiness. We must strive for it.

And if it doesn't work, then that's fate. And there's nothing you can do about it.

“Nekrasov is the same as
There would be such a man, with huge
Abilities, with Russians, peasants
Chest pains that would take that way
And he described his Russian insides and showed
To his brothers-men:
“Look at yourself!”
(Newspaper "Pravda", October 1, 1913)
All his life, N. A. Nekrasov nurtured the idea of ​​​​a work that would become a folk book, that is, a book “useful, understandable to the people and truthful”, reflecting the most important aspects of his life. “According to the word” for 20 years accumulated

He is the material for this book, and then worked on the text of the work for 14 years. The result of this colossal work was this epic poem “Who should live well in Russia”.
The wide social panorama unfolded in it, the truthful depiction of peasant life, begin to occupy a dominant place in this work. Separate plot-independent parts and chapters of the epic are connected by the inner unity of the poem - the image of the life of the people.
From the first chapter of the first part begins the study of the main life force of Russia - the people. It was the desire to portray the entire people's Russia that led the poet to such paintings where a lot of people could be gathered. It appears especially fully in the chapter "Country Fair".
Wanderers came to the square:
A lot of goods
And apparently invisible
To the people! Isn't it fun?
With great skill, Nekrasov conveys the flavor of Russian festivities. There is a feeling of direct participation in this holiday, as if you are walking among a motley crowd and absorbing the atmosphere of universal joy, a holiday. Everything around is moving, making noise, screaming, playing.
And here is an episode that confirms the idea of ​​the moral strength and beauty of the national character. The peasants are happy with the act of Veretennikov, who presented Vavila's granddaughter with shoes:
But other peasants
So they were disappointed
So happy, like everyone
He gave the ruble!
Paintings folk life- this is not only fun, joy, a holiday, but also its dark, unsightly, “ugly” side. The fun turned into drunkenness.
Crawled, lay, rode,
Drunk floundered,
And there was a groan!
The road is crowded
What later is uglier:
More and more often come across
Beaten, crawling
Lying in a layer.
“Drank” and the man who “thought about the ax”, and the guy “quiet”, who buried a new undercoat in the ground, and the “old”, “drunk woman”. The statements from the crowd testify to the darkness, ignorance, patience and humility of the people.
The peasant world appears extremely naked in all intoxicated frankness and immediacy. The interchanging words, phrases, quick dialogues and shouts seem to be random and incoherent.
But among them sharp political remarks are discernible, testifying to the desire and ability of the peasants to comprehend their situation.
- You are good, royal letter,
You are not written about us.
And here is a picture of collective labor - "merry mowing." She is imbued with a festive and bright feeling:
Dark people! There are white
Women's shirts, but colorful
men's shirts,
Yes voices, yes tinkling
Agile braids.
The joy of labor is felt in everything: “high grass”, “agile braids”, “merry mowing”. The picture of mowing gives rise to the idea of ​​inspired labor, capable of repeating miracles:
Sweeps are haymaking
They go in the right order:
All brought together
Braids flashed, tinkled.
In the chapter "Happy" Nekrasov already showed the people as a "world", that is, as something organized, conscious, with the strength of which neither the merchant Altynnikov nor the chicane clerks are able to compete ("Cunning, clerks are strong, and their world is stronger , the merchant Altynnikov is rich, but he will not be able to resist against the worldly treasury”).
The people win by organized action in the economic struggle and actively behave (albeit spontaneously, but still more decisively) in the political struggle. In this chapter of the poem, the writer told, “how the patrimony of the landowner Obrubkov rebelled in the Frightened province, Nedykhaniev county, the village of Stolbnyaki.” And in the next chapter (“The Landowner”) the poet once again for the “sharp-witted” people will ironically say: “The village must have rebelled in excess of gratitude somewhere!”.
Nekrasov continues to recreate the collective image of the hero. This is achieved, first of all, by the masterful depiction of folk scenes. The artist does not stop for a long time at showing individual types of the peasant masses.
The growth of peasant consciousness is now being revealed in historical, social, everyday, psychological terms.
It must be said about the contradictory soul of the people. In the mass of peasants there is an old woman, “pockmarked, one-eyed”, who sees happiness in the turnip harvest, “a soldier with medals”, pleased that he was not killed in battles, a courtyard of Prince Peremetyev, proud of gout - a noble disease. Wanderers, seekers of happiness, listen to everyone, and the people in their bulk become the supreme judge.
As he judges, for example, the court prince Peremetiev. The impudence and arrogance of the toady-licker causes contempt of the peasants, they drive him away from the bucket from which they treat the “happy” at the rural fair. It must not be overlooked that Peremetyev's "beloved slave" once again flickers among the pictures of the drunken night. He is flogged for theft.
Where he is caught - here is his judgment:
Three dozen judges met
We decided to give a vine,
And each gave a vine.
It is no coincidence that this was said after the scenes of people's trust were drawn: Yermil Girin is given money without receipts to buy a mill, and in the same way - for honesty - he returns them. This contrast suggests the moral health of the masses of the peasantry, the strength of their moral rules even in an atmosphere of serfdom.
The image of the peasant woman Matrena Timofeevna occupies a large and special place in the poem. The story about the share of this heroine is a story about the share of the Russian woman in general. Talking about her marriage, Matrena Timofeevna talks about the marriage of any peasant woman, about all their great multitude. Nekrasov managed to combine the private life of the heroine with mass life, without identifying them. Nekrasov all the time sought to expand the meaning of the image of the heroine, as if to embrace as many women's destinies as possible. This is achieved by weaving folk songs and lamentations into the text. They reflect the most characteristic features of folk life.
Songs and lamentations are a small fraction of the artistic originality of the poem “Who in Russia should live well”. One can write about the people, write for the people only according to the laws of folk poetry. And the point is not that Nekrasov turned to folklore, using vocabulary, rhythm and images of folk art. In the poem “To whom it is good to live in Russia”, first of all, the folk theme is revealed - the people's search for a way to happiness. And this theme is approved by Nekrasov as the leading one, which determines the movement of the people forward.
Behind the numerous pictures of people's life, the image of Russia rises, that “wretched and plentiful, downtrodden and omnipotent.” countries. A patriotic feeling, a heartfelt love for the motherland and people fills the poem with that inner burning, that lyrical warmth that warms its harsh and truthful epic narrative.

1. The poem “To whom it is good to live in Russia” was written by Nekrasov in the post-reform era, when the landlord essence of the reform became clear, which doomed the peasants to ruin and new bondage. The main idea that pervades the entire poem is...
2. The time of N. Nekrasov is the 50-70s of the XIX century. The main thing in the life of Russian society during these years was the question of the people. Therefore, the central place in poetic world Nekrasova belongs to images, experiences, ...
3. Nekrasov's poem "To whom it is good to live in Russia" was, as it were, a departure from the general idea of ​​many works of that time - the revolution. In addition, in almost all works, the main characters were ...
4. Plans for the unrealized chapters of the poem, of course, are of great interest in the study of Nekrasov's creative concept. In the embodiment of these plans, the poet did not go further than sketches. This does not only mean that...
5. One can suggest comparing the landscape of Chapter XVI with the landscape of Pushkin's "Winter Morning". Do they have something in common? Readers notice that both here and there “frost and sun”, “sunny winter” are drawn ....
6. So that my countrymen And every peasant Live freely and cheerfully In all of holy Russia! N. A. Nekrasov. Who in Russia should live well In the image of the people's protector Grisha Dobrosklonov, the author's ideal of a positive ...
7. The hero of the poem is not one person, but the whole nation. At first glance, the people's life seems sad. The very enumeration of the villages speaks for itself: Zaplatovo, Dyryavino,. and how much human suffering in...
8. For a long time, N. A. Nekrasov was seen as a public figure, but not a poet. He was considered a singer of the revolutionary struggle, but he was often denied his poetic talent. They appreciated the civil pathos of Nekrasov, but not ...
9. The poem was published in separate parts in two magazines Sovremennik and Otechestvennye Zapiski. The poem consists of four parts, arranged as they were written and related to the dispute about “who has fun, ...
10. Epic coverage of public life, depiction of characters with different socio-psychological and individual characteristics, often with elements of “role-playing lyrics”; Reliance on the people's worldview and the people's system of values ​​as the main moral ...
11. Each time gives birth to its own poet. In the second half of the last century there was no more popular poet than N. A. Nekrasov. He not only sympathized with the people, but identified himself with peasant Russia, shook ...
12. Again she, the native land, With her green, fertile summer, And again the soul is full of poetry. Yes, only here can I be a poet! N. A. Nekrasov The Democratic Movement in Russia in the Middle...
13. A whole gallery of images of landowners passes before the reader of Nekrasov's poem. Nekrasov looks at the landlords with the eyes of a peasant, without any idealization, drawing their images. This side of Nekrasov's creativity was noted by V. I. Belinsky, when ...
14. In terms of composition, the poetic integrity of the poem is achieved by images of a dream, which include reflections on the people that make up the main part of the poem: the first appeal begins with the image of a dream - to a nobleman, the image of a dream ... He did not carry a heart in his chest, Who did not shed tears over you . N. A. Nekrasov N. A. Nekrasov is rightly considered the first singer of a Russian peasant woman who portrayed the tragedy of her position and sang the struggle ...
15. The chapter "Peasant Woman" did not appear in the original idea of ​​the poem. The Prologue does not provide for the possibility of finding a happy man among the peasants, and even more so among the peasant women. Some compositional unpreparedness of the chapter “Peasant Woman” is due, perhaps, to the reasons for the censorship ...
16. My acquaintance with the work of N. A. Nekrasov happened in the sixth grade. I well remember his “Yesterday at one o’clock at six”, “ railroad” and, of course, the poem “Russian Women”. It's hard for me...
17. The poem “To whom it is good to live in Russia” is the pinnacle of N. A. Nekrasov’s work. This is a work about the people, their life, work and struggle. It took fourteen years to create, but Nekrasov never...

The idea of ​​the poem "To whom it is good to live in Russia" is dictated by life itself. N. A. Nekrasov keenly felt the "sick" questions of his time. This prompted the poet to create a folk book.

Nekrasov devoted many years of tireless work to the poem. In it, he sought to give the reader as complete information as possible about the Russian people, about the processes that took place in the life of the peasantry after the reform of 1861.

The situation of the people is clearly drawn already at the beginning of the poem by the names of those places where the "peasants-truth seekers" come from. They are "temporarily obliged", "Tightened province, Terpigorev district, Empty volost, from adjacent villages - Zaplatova, Dyryavina, Razutova, Znobilina, Gorelova, Neelova, Crop failure, too. "Wandering, the peasants pass through the Frightened, Shot and Illiterate provinces. These names speak for themselves.

Many pages of the poem depict the disenfranchised, joyless life of the people. Villages - "unenviable villages, no matter what the hut - with a support, like a beggar with a crutch ..."

Pictures of folk life are depicted in the songs "Hungry", "Corvee", "Soldier's", "Merry", "Salty".

Here is how the pre-reform peasant is shown in one of the songs:

Poor, unkempt Kalinushka,

Nothing for him to flaunt

Only the back is painted

Yes, you don’t know behind the shirt.

From the bast to the gate

The skin is all torn

The belly swells from the chaff,

twisted, twisted,

Slashed, tormented

Barely Kalina wanders ...

The reform of 1861 did not improve the situation of the people, and it is not for nothing that the peasants say about it:

You are good, royal letter,

You are not written about us.

As before, the peasants are people who "have not eaten their fill, slurped without salt." The only thing that has changed is that now instead of the master they will be torn by the volost.

The peasant world appears extremely naked, in all intoxicated frankness and immediacy in the chapter "Drunk Night". An unusual "drunk" night unties tongues:

Buzzing! That the sea is blue,

Silence rises

Popular rumor.

Almost every replica is a plot, a character. The chapter, in my opinion, contains many stories. Isn't the exact picture of the wild despotism of family life emerging from a quarrel between two women:

My elder brother-in-law broke a rib,

The middle son-in-law stole the ball,

A tangle is a spit, but the point is -

Fifty dollars was wrapped in it,

And the younger son-in-law takes everything,

Look, he will kill, he will kill ...

But isn’t the fate of the woman Daryushka clear from a few phrases, although there is no story about her:

You've become thin, Daryushka!

Not a spindle, friend!

That's what spins more

It's getting fatter

And I'm like a day-to-day ...

It was the desire to show all the people's Russia that attracted Nekrasov to such a picture, where a lot of people could be gathered. So the chapter "Rural Fair" appeared. It's been a long time. And in the summer the wanderers came to the fair, which brought together many people. This is a folk festival, a mass holiday:

Noise, sing, swear,

It wobbles, it rolls.

Fighting and kissing

The holiday people.

All around is colorful, red, shirts are full of flowers, dresses are red, braids with ribbons6 "The spring sun plays, funny, loud, festive."

But among the people there is a lot of dark, unsightly and ugly:

All along that lane

And along the roundabout paths,

As long as the eye was enough

Crawled, lay, rode,

Drunk people were floundering...

The peasant world at the rural fair ends with a story about Yakima Nago. He is not talking about the visitors of the fair, but about the whole world of workers. Yakim does not agree with his master Pavlusha Veretennikov, but expresses his peasant feeling:

Wait, empty head!

Shameless crazy news

Don't talk about us!

Defending the feeling of labor peasant pride, Yakim also sees social injustice in relation to the working peasantry:

You work alone

And a little work is over -

Look, there are three equity holders:

God, king and lord!

The Russian woman has always been for Nekrasov the main bearer of life, a symbol of national existence. Therefore, the poet paid so much attention to the peasant woman Matryona Timofeevna Korchagina. She talks about her own life. The personal fate of the heroine expands to the limits of the all-Russian. She experienced everything and went through all the states that a Russian woman could go through.

Nekrasovskaya peasant woman - unbroken by trials, withstood. So, in the poem, folk life is revealed in a wide variety of manifestations. For the poet, the peasant is great in everything: in his slavish patience, in his age-old suffering, in sins, in revelry.

Before Nekrasov, many portrayed the people. He also managed to notice in the people his hidden strength and at the top of his voice to say: "an innumerable army rises." He believed in the awakening of the people.