After the hissing. We will lay down the rules for you when it should not be done and when it is strictly necessary to do it.

These rules are based on what part of speech is being discussed, in what declension and in what part of the word.

Soft sign after hissing - setting rule

We put a soft sign:

1. A soft sign after hissing must be written in feminine nouns if they are in the singular in the nominative and

Example words: night, gap, daughter, lie, thing, baldness.

Example in a sentence: The queen gave birth on the night of either a son or a daughter.

2. In verbs of the second person in the singular, subject to the present or future tense at the endings after the sibilants.

Example in a word: you will, you will become, you cook, you remember, you believe, you will do.

Examples in sentences: If you know, if you believe, then you will be with me and will not soon stop loving.

- Xia, the soft sign is preserved. Example: returning, straining, intending.

3. In singular verbs in endings after sibilants.

Example in a word: Cut! Eat! Hide!

Addition: If the ending is added to these verbs - Xia, the soft sign is preserved. Hide! Don't fool around!

Examples in sentences: Vadik, don't be foolish and don't hide!

4. In verbs in and imperative before endings - those, - those.

Example: smear - smear - smear.

Example in a sentence: Children! Do not Cry!

5. In verbs of an indefinite person, including before the ending -sya.

Example words: oven - bake, lie down - lie down.

Example in a sentence: These rivers take a long time to flow.

6. In adverbs, it is necessary to enter a soft sign after the hissing ones at the end of the word.

Example: Entirely, jump, backhand, wide open.

Example in a sentence: He started the horse at a gallop, and hacked at the air with his sword.

Exceptions: Oh, unbearable, married.

7. In particles with hissing endings: I mean, you see, you only.

Example words: that is, only.

In a sentence: Look what a bully!

Why sometimes a soft sign is not written after hissing ones?

You don't have to write:

1. In nouns of the nominative case.

Example: rook, kalach, stag, bream, knife.

Sentence: A swift flew up to our window.

2. In plural and genitive nouns.

Example: clouds, steep, shoulders, Grish, between, puddles.

Suggestion example: Unfortunately, no pears were served for breakfast today.

3. In short form.

Example: powerful, hot, good, flying, melodious, comely.

Sentence: He was good-natured and good-looking...

4. In pronouns with hissing at the end.

Examples: yours, ours.

Given the above, the spelling of a soft sign after hissing differs depending on many factors - part of speech, declension, number, as well as the presence of exceptions to the rules.

Elementary teachers give their students rhymed versions of the rules - for easier memorization.

Rules in verse!

Nouns "a lot"

Nouns "my" -

We don't put up any sign!

In verbs and adverbs

The sign is always written

And in short adjectives

We never write!

The soft sign is probably the most mysterious letter in the Russian language. It does not denote a sound, it is not classified as a vowel / consonant. Why is she needed then? It turns out that its role in our writing is great. In this article, we will figure out when “b” is used after hissing with nouns, adverbs and verbs.

Nouns. Soft sign after hissing consonants

The exact spelling of the soft sign after these consonants is the most difficult, since it is not clear by ear whether it should be written or not.

It turns out that the rule is very simple: a soft sign after hissing in it. noun written only in the words of women. gender belonging to the 3rd declension.

The words “oven”, “speech”, “daughter”, “night”, “game” are feminine, have the nominative case and are in the singular. Therefore, we must certainly write “b” in them.

But be careful: they should not be confused with the words of the 1st declension, which are in oblique cases: “many clouds”, “no tasks”, “several heaps”. All these words, it would seem, are feminine, and, probably, they should be attributed to the 3rd declension.

But let's take a closer look: they are in the genitive case. If we raise them to the initial form (“cloud”, “task”, “heap”), then we will make sure that they belong to the first declension, which means that they do not obey this rule.

There is another "trap" in Russian, where in no case do they use a soft sign after hissing ones. Words ending in a hissing consonant, but related to the second declension, are not written with "b" ("rook", "doctor", "cloak" - 2nd declension). Therefore, be more careful when asking the question to the noun. Do this before determining the declension, since the gender depends on it. noun, and number.

When do we write "b" in adverbs?

An adverb is one of the invariable parts of speech. It is not declined, there are no endings in it. Spelling "b" in adverbs lends itself to not at all difficult rules.

• In those adverbs that end in the consonant "sh" or "ch", a soft sign is always written. For example: "jump", "exactly".

In adverbs for "zh", it is never written. The exception would be the word "wide".

• Another rule that the adverb obeys: a soft sign after hissing is always used, with the exception of “already”, “married”, “unbearable”. Undoubtedly, such a comic sentence is easily remembered by schoolchildren, especially girls.

It is not so important which rule you remember, the main thing is that both reflect the essence of the spelling of adverbs.

Verb and soft sign after sibilants

The verb is one of the most used parts of speech, without which our language would be very poor. Spelling "b" with verbs causes a lot of difficulties not only for students, but also for adults.

1. If the verb in the indefinite form (infinitive) ends in sibilant, then "ь" in this case will always be written. And here without any exceptions. "Protect", "bake", "burn". It will also be preserved in a returnable form, before the postfix “-sya”: “get carried away”, “ignite”, “beware”.
2. All 2nd person singular verbs use a soft sign. This applies both to the present: (“you are now”) “writing”, “drawing”, “walking”, “sleeping”, and to the future: (“you are tomorrow”) “work”, “think”, “finish ”, “remake”. The soft sign will be preserved before the “-sya” postfix: “you will like it”, “you will use it”, “you will touch it”, “you will type it”, “you will take shape”. In verbs that are in the imperative mood and end in a hissing consonant, they always write a soft sign: “cut off”, “eat”, “spread”, “hide”. Before the plural postfix "-te", it must be preserved: "mark", "cut", "hide".

Before the postfix “-sya”, it also does not disappear: “comfort yourself”, “do not cut yourself”.

And again, be careful and do not fall into the "trap" of the insidious Russian language! The words "cry" and "cry" are completely different parts of speech, and therefore are spelled differently.

“Crying” without a soft sign is a noun of the 2nd declension, and, accordingly, a soft sign cannot be written in it. But “cry” with a soft sign is a verb of the imperative mood, and, as you know, we always write “b” in them. All this is easily guessed by the proposed context, in which the meaning of the word will become clear.

Conclusion

A soft sign after hissing is used with many parts of speech. Knowing the simple rules, you will never encounter the problem of spelling it after these consonants. If suddenly you forget some of the nuances, then our article will remind you of them.

A large set of materials for the lesson on b after hissing (presentations, tests, cards, games, dictations and much more)

10 words per b rule after hissing

For 2nd - 3rd grade: nonsense, rye, a mouse, a stove, a doctor, a comrade, a hut, and because of the clouds, many tasks around the dachas.
For grade 4: mouse, speech, doctor, comrade, hot, and behind the clouds, many tasks, guard, bathe, you know.
For 5th - 7th grade: false, alkali, comrade, only, many tasks, guard, bathe, smear, jump, hot.

25 words per b rule after hissing

For 2nd - 3rd grade: nonsense, rye, mouse, stove, lie, louse, thing, brooch, gouache, ball, doctor, comrade, bream, tick, circus performer, weaver, trickster, kalach, executioner, strongman, hut, and because of the clouds, many tasks, around cottages, many puddles.
For grade 4: mouse, speech, luxury, bile, trifle, youth, trumpeter, rich man, bearded man, trickster, pusher, circus performer, kalach, hot, fresh, from behind the clouds, many tasks, programs, monsters, guard, captivate, bathe, write, read, you know.
For 5th - 7th grade: false, alkali, buckshot, trifle, luxury, comrade, radio beam, hoop, Muscovite, many tasks, gears, monsters, guard, captivate, bathe, write, read, you know, smear, cut off, only, jump, wide open, unbearable, hot , fresh.

Lists on individual rule items

Nouns

Feminine, 3rd declension

Mouse, daughter, speech, falsehood, nonsense, youth, oven, rye, lies, louse, rags, thing, brooch, baldness, gap, game, wilderness, trifle, alkali, dryness, help, medical assistance, self-help, mutual assistance, technical assistance, bitterness, night, midnight, gouache, power, wasteland, silence, luxury, bile, bastard, ink, retouching, thickness, flow, buckshot, harness, harness, harness, fallow, stupidity, whim, trembling.

Feminine, pl. h.

A lot of skis, dachas, clouds, sales, sales, meetings, successes, failures, transfers, hernias, monsters, monsters, transfers, renditions, galoshes, biliters, Ksyusha, Pash, Dash, Sash, puddles, prey, carcasses, conflagrations, candles , prize-winners, foremen, paws, paws, lifters, thousands, nags, tasks, losses, shoulders.

Masculine, 2nd declension

Hunchback, trumpeter, grabber, rich man, horn, stricter, puller, pugach, tractor, autotractor, bearded man, trickster, pusher, circus performer, weaver, trickster, kalach, executioner, strongman, crying, interpreter, basmach, kosmach, kumach, rhymer, zurnach, trepach, violinist, doctor, female doctor, chief physician, sanitary doctor, military doctor, veterinarian, dietician, rook, cedar, nosach, barbel, laugher, scorcher, rumorer, sword, scourge, sandwich, king's son, tsarevich, prince, krivich, Muscovite, Dregovich, Ryadovich, Pskovych, Popovich, Rodich, Kindred, Erofeich, Knyazhich, Paralysis, Cry, Kulich, Radimich, Kostromich, Brick, Speech, Barich, Gentry, Lyutich, Vyatich, Sotchich, French, clinch, light, grub, tornado, match, ketch, sketch, putsch, general education, head teacher, sealing wax, ignoramus, ray, radio beam, hoop, panych, snake Gorynych, hrych, owl, key, ball, sabbath, lavash, Chuvash, legash, trader, pencil, chardash , mordash, drunk, broadsword, jumble, hut, ours, murash, bandolier, ladle, flare, kulesh, dervish, Yiddish, kukish, crumb, sultanas, finish, fetish, shish, hashish, bakshish, revenge, rematch, cards blanche, punch, brawl, penny, aprosh, mac, march, d emarsh, minced meat, ruff, bursh, ingush, shower, kush, tush, kuntush, cartouche, scratched, ragged, insert, afterbirth, foundling, miscarriage, lily of the valley, ruff, germ, reed, stray, baby, round, naked, reed, adoptee, fattener, fosterling, bastard, foundling, serpent, silly, little animal, gosling, cub, kitty, duckling, blackie, ugly, mole rat, strong man, reptile, silly, profit, maggot, swindle, loss, win, raffle, rally, zamorysh, katysh, pellet, lettish, shorty, shifter, fold, pout, whooping cough, plush, kruglyash, belyash, goulash, nephew, curly, cloak, sling, bream, mite, fistula, comrade, companion, vegetable, horsetail, borscht, cartilage, pimple, ivy, cartilage.

adjectives

Hot, viscous, smelly, handsome, loose, combustible, prickly, good, furious, fresh, burning, molting, powerful, effervescent, skinny, ebullient, odorous, creaky, creeping, ubiquitous.

Adverbs

Backhand, backward, completely, wide open, completely, away, jump, unbearable, exactly the same.

Exceptions: already, married, unbearable.

Particles

See, see, see, only.

Verbs

Infinitive

Burn, lie down, clothe, bring on, extract, bake, neglect, cherish, guard, speak, detect, flow, burn, cut, cut, reach, drag, pound, be able, strain, strain.

2nd person verbs

Smile, eat, bite, kick, drink, pour, sleep, eat, love, kiss, move, nod, use, write, read, wash, use, weaken, move, hold, see, know, fly, mourn, heal, you are enrolled, you study, you use, you can, you repent, you guard, you extract, you burn, etc.

Imperative verbs

Spread, cut, eat, prescribe, don't cry, hide, respect, provide, discover, summarize, multiply, disturb, focus.

b is preserved before -te and -tes: smear, smear, hide, hide, etc.

Publication certificate No. 1356502 dated May 31, 2017

M soft sign does not mean soft hissing at the end of nouns, verbs and adverbs, because these sibilants are either always hard (w, w) or always soft (h, w).

After such consonants, put at least five soft signs - they will not become softer or harder. In these cases soft sign plays grammatical role . So in a word silence- indicates that the given word is a feminine noun, 3 declensions. In the word cherish- indicates that the given word is a verb in the infinitive. In the word write– indicates that it is a second person singular verb. In the word entirely- indicates that it is an adverb.

A soft sign after hissing at the end of a word is written:

• For feminine nouns in them. p. units hours: rye, silence, night, thing.
• Have verbs in all forms; at the same time, b is preserved before -sya, -te .: take care - take care - take care; cut - cut.
• Adverbs in w and h ( all the way, upside down) and in one word on w ( wide open).

A soft sign after hissing at the end of a word is not written:

• For masculine nouns in them. p. units hours: garage, reeds, rook, raincoat.
• The nouns have R. and cf. R. in the genus n. pl.: many clouds, groves, schools.
• For short adjectives: good, hot, fresh.
• For adverbs on w: already, married, unbearable.

Note.Letter b before about written in some foreign words, for example: battalion, bouillon, guillotine, Carmagnole, companion, minion, pavilion, postman, champignon.

§ 72.Letter b written to denote the softness of a consonant, Besides h, sch(see §75), at the end of a word, for example: drink, darkness, horse, and in the middle of a word before a solid consonant, for example: threshing, request, nurse, less.

To indicate the softness of a consonant before another soft consonant, b written in the following cases:

1. If, when changing the word, the second soft consonant becomes hard, and the first consonant retains its softness, for example: nannies(nurse), wedding(wedding), eight(eighth).
2. To indicate softness l, for example: herring, flatter, smaller, finger.

In all other cases, before soft consonants, including before h, sch, letter b not written, for example: bones, early, babysit, tip, mason.

Note.between two soft l letter b not spelled, for example: illusion, goofy.

§ 73. Letter b It is also written in the following cases:

1. In formed from numerals five, six, seven, eight, nine complex numerals in which both parts decline, for example: fifty(fifty, fifty) sixty, seventy, eighty, nine hundred, but: fifteen(fifteen, fifteen) sixteen etc.
2. In the instrumental plural, for example: children, people, also four.
3. In an indefinite form before -sya and in an imperative mood before -sya and -those eg: drink - get drunk; fix - get better, fix; suspension - get suspended, weigh.

§ 74. Letter b not written:

1. In adjectives with a suffix -sk - formed from nouns on b, for example: Kazan(Kazan), Kemsky(Kem), Siberian(Siberia), brutal(the beast), January(January).

Note.adjectives September, October, November, December, June, day (day-day) are written with b; adjectives formed from Chinese names in -n , for example: Yunnanese(from Yunnan).

2. In the genitive plural from nouns on -nya with a preceding consonant or th and in those formed from them with the help of a suffix -to - diminutives eg: cherry - cherries, cherry; slaughter - slaughterhouse; reading room - reading room; but: bath - baths, bathhouse; Apple tree - apple trees, apple tree; also a village villages, village; young lady - young ladies; kitchen - kitchens, kitchenette.

§ 75.After the sizzling (and, h, sh, sch) letter b written only in the following cases:

1. At the end of feminine nouns in the nominative and accusative singular, for example: rye, night, mouse.
2. In the ending of the 2nd person singular of the present and future tenses of the verb after the final sh, for example: carry - carry, wear - wear, accept - accept.
3. At the end of the verb in the singular imperative mood, and letter b is preserved before -sya , for example: smear - smear; hide - hide; eat.
4. In the plural imperative before -those, -tes, for example: smear - smear ; hide - hide ; eat.
5. At the end of the verb in the indefinite form, and letter b written before -sya, for example: cut, get a haircut.
6. In all dialects after final sh and h , for example: entirely, jump, away, as well as in the adverb wide open.
7. At the end of the particles: vish, I mean, only, ish.