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Architecture – the stone chronicle of the world

1. Classic style

Classicism (exemplary) artistic style and aesthetic direction in European art of the 17th-19th centuries.

Parthenon

Parthenon

Triumphal Arch of Constantine

The main feature of classicism architecture is the appeal to the forms of ancient architecture as a standard of harmony, simplicity, and rigor.

Classicism architecture - Clarity of volumetric form - Symmetrical axial compositions. restraint of decoration

2. Romanesque style

Romanesque (Roman) artistic style that dominated Western Europe in the 9th-12th centuries. It became one of the most important stages in the development of medieval European art.

Cathedral of Notre-Dame la Grande, Poitiers

Notre-Dame la Grande. West wing

Royal Alcazar Palace

"More classically" this style will spread in the art of Germany and France. This medieval architecture was created for the needs of the church and chivalry, and churches, monasteries, and castles became the leading types of buildings.

Norman fortress, X-XI centuries. France

The combination of a clear architectural silhouette and laconic exterior decoration - the building has always blended harmoniously with the surrounding nature. This was facilitated by massive walls with narrow window openings and stepped-recessed portals. Such walls had a defensive purpose. -The main buildings during this period were the temple-fortress and the castle-fortress. The main element of the composition of a monastery or castle is the tower. Around it were the rest of the buildings, made up of simple geometric shapes - cubes, prisms, cylinders. It is typical for Romanesque buildings

3. Gothic style

Gothic is the only style that created a completely unique system of forms and a new understanding of the organization of space and volumetric composition. 12-15th century

Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris

The characteristic features of the Gothic style are the verticality of the composition, pointed brightness, a complex frame system of supports and a ribbed vault.

View of Notre Dame from the Ile Saint-Louis

Gothic cathedral in Coutances, France

4. Baroque

Contrast, tension, dynamism of images, the desire for grandeur and splendor, for the combination of reality and illusion - for the fusion of arts (city and palace and park ensembles of the Baroque are characteristic

The Baroque style appeared in the 16th-17th centuries in Italian cities: Rome, Venice, Florence. Baroque is characterized by contrast, tension, dynamism of images, the desire for grandeur and splendor, for combining reality and illusion, for the fusion of arts (city and palace and park ensembles of Baroque (“prone to excess”)

Catherine Palace

Tsarskoye Selo

active use of sculptural and architectural and decorative motifs; - creating a rich play of chiaroscuro and color contrasts

Church building of the Grand Palace

Rococo (crushed stone, decorative shell, shell) 18th century.

Interiors of the Winter Palace

Malachite Hall

Jordan staircase

Rococo is characterized by a decorative shell, fragments of stones, a shell-ornament, decoration in the form of a combination of natural stones with shells and plant leaves. - smooth curved stems, whimsical lines of the ornament fit into all the details of the interior, forming a single decorative background.

Field Marshal's Hall

St. George's Hall

Empire (“imperial style”) The Empire style is the final stage of classicism, which arose in the second half of the 19th century.

Arch of the General Staff

The Empire style is characterized by the presence of columns, pilasters, molded cornices and other classical elements, as well as motifs that reproduce almost unchanged ancient examples of sculpture, such as griffins, sphinxes, and lion paws. These elements are arranged in an orderly manner in the Empire style, maintaining balance and symmetry.

Palace Square

The main decorative motifs of the Empire style were precisely the attributes of Roman military history: massive porticos decorated with bas-reliefs, legionary badges with eagles, lions, bundles of spears, shields.

Art Nouveau (modern) Artistic direction in art in the 2nd half of the 19th century - the present 20th century.

Ryabushinsky's mansion

Distinctive features - Refusal of straight lines and angles - Interest in new technologies - Great attention was paid not only to the appearance of the buildings, but also to the interior, which was carefully worked out. All structural elements: stairs, doors, pillars, balconies were artistically processed.

Casa Batlló (1906, architect Antoni Gaudi)

8. High-tech

Guggenheim Museum

Hi-tech (high technology) is a style in architecture and design that originated in the 1970s and found widespread use in the 1980s.

Main features -Use of high technologies in the design, construction and engineering of buildings and structures. -Use of straight lines and shapes.

Widespread use of silver metallic color. -Wide application of glass, plastic, metal. -Use of functional elements: elevators, stairs, ventilation systems.

Guggenheim Museum (project)

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ROCOCO Rococo is a style of art and architecture that originated in France in the early 18th century and spread throughout Europe. He was distinguished by his grace, lightness, and intimate and flirtatious character. Having replaced the ponderous Baroque, Rococo was both the logical result of its development and its artistic antipode. Rococo is united with the Baroque style by the desire for completeness of forms, but if Baroque gravitates toward monumental solemnity, Rococo prefers grace and lightness. Darker colors and lush, heavy gilding of baroque decor are replaced by light tones - pink, blue, green, with a lot of white details. Rococo has a mainly ornamental orientation; the name itself comes from a combination of two words: “baroque” and “rocaille” (an ornamental motif, intricate decorative decoration of grottoes and fountains with pebbles and shells). Painting, sculpture and graphics are characterized by erotic, erotic-mythological and pastoral (pastoral) subjects. The first significant master of painting in the Rococo style was Watteau, and he received further development in the work of such artists as Boucher and Fragonard. The most prominent representative of this style in French sculpture is, perhaps, Falconet, although his work was dominated by reliefs and statues intended for decorating interiors, busts, including those made of terracotta. By the way, Falconet himself was the manager of the famous Sevres porcelain manufactory. (The factories in Chelsea and Meissen were also famous for their wonderful porcelain products). In architecture, this style found its most vivid expression in the decorative decoration of interiors. The most complex asymmetrical carved and stucco patterns, intricate curls of the interior decoration contrasted with the relatively austere appearance of the buildings, for example, the Petit Trianon, built in Versailles by the architect Gabriel (1763-1769). Originating in France, the Rococo style quickly spread to other countries thanks to French artists working abroad and the publication of designs by French architects. Outside of France, Rococo reached its greatest flowering in Germany and Austria, where it absorbed traditional Baroque elements. In the architecture of churches, such as the church in Vierzenheiligen (1743-1772) (architect Neumann), spatial structures and the solemnity of Baroque are perfectly combined with the exquisite sculptural and picturesque interior decoration characteristic of Rococo, creating the impression of lightness and fabulous abundance. A supporter of Rococo in Italy, the architect Tiepolo, contributed to its spread in Spain. As for England, here Rococo influenced mainly the applied arts, for example, furniture inlay and the production of silverware, and partly on the work of such masters as Hogarth or Gainsborough, whose sophistication of images and artistic style of painting are fully consistent with the spirit of Rococo. The Rococo style was very popular in Central Europe until the end of the 18th century, while in France and other Western countries interest in it waned already in the 1860s. By this time, it was perceived as a symbol of lightness and was supplanted by neoclassicism.

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BAROQUE A style in art that developed in European countries in the 16th-17th centuries (in some countries - until the middle of the 18th century). The name comes from the Italian barocco - bizarre, strange. There is another explanation for the origin of this term: this is what Dutch sailors called rejected pearls. For a long time, baroque tin carried a negative assessment. In the 19th century. the attitude towards the Baroque changed, which was facilitated by the work of the German scientist Wölfflin. If during the Renaissance art glorified the power and beauty of man, then at the turn of the 16th-17th centuries these ideas gave way to reflections on the complexity and imperfection of social relations, thoughts about the disunity of people. Therefore, the main task of art has become to reflect the inner world of a person, to reveal his feelings and experiences. This is how the main features of B. were determined - dramatic pathos, a tendency towards sharp contrasts, dynamism, expression, and a tendency towards pomp and decorativeness. All these features are also characteristic of the architecture of B. The buildings were necessarily decorated with fancy facades, the shape of which was hidden behind the decorations. The ceremonial interiors also acquired a variety of forms, the whimsicality of which was emphasized by sculpture, modeling, and various ornaments. Rooms often lost their usual rectangular shape. Mirrors and paintings expanded the true dimensions of the rooms, and colorful lampshades created the illusion of the absence of a roof. B.'s architects paid attention to the street, which began to be viewed as an integral architectural organism, as one of the forms of the ensemble. The beginning and end of the street were marked by squares or spectacular architectural or sculptural accents. A curved line becomes dominant in the composition of the building, volutes return, and elliptical surfaces appear.

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GOTHIC From the Italian gotico - Gothic, barbaric. Style in Western European art of the 12th-15th centuries, which completed its development in the medieval period. The term was introduced by Renaissance humanists who wanted to emphasize the “barbaric” character of all medieval art; in reality, the Gothic style had nothing in common with the Goths and represented a natural development and modification of the principles of Romanesque art. Like Romanesque art, Gothic art was under the strong influence of the church and was called upon to embody church dogma in symbolic and allegorical images. But Gothic art developed under new conditions, the main one of which was the strengthening of cities. Therefore, the leading type of Gothic architecture became the city cathedral, directed upward, with pointed arches, with walls turned into stone lace / which was made possible thanks to a system of flying buttresses that transfer the pressure of the vault to external pillars - buttresses /. The Gothic cathedral symbolized the rush to heaven; Its rich decorative decoration - statues, reliefs, stained glass windows - should have served the same purpose.

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ROMAN STYLE The word comes from the Latin romanus - Roman. The British call this style "Norman". R.S. developed in Western European art of the 10th-11th centuries. He expressed himself most fully in architecture. Romanesque buildings are characterized by a combination of a clear architectural silhouette and laconic exterior decoration. The building always carefully blended into the surrounding nature and therefore looked especially durable and solid. This was facilitated by massive smooth walls with narrow window openings and stepped-recessed portals. The main buildings during this period were the temple-fortress and the castle-fortress. The main element of the composition of the choice, monastery or castle, becomes the tower - the donjon. Around it were located the rest of the buildings, made up of simple geometric shapes - cubes, prisms, cylinders. The main distinctive element of the building's roof is the semicircular arch.

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Organics The use of organics in architecture, at first, causes confusion. What does this science have to do with building construction? The most direct. Whereas a building typically consists of finished blocks, a building designed based on organic architecture consists of many different blocks that are completed only as part of the building. In addition, organic architecture implies a rejection of strict geometric shapes. When designing each building, the type of surrounding area and its purpose are taken into account. In addition, in such a building everything is subordinated to harmony. The bedroom here will be the bedroom and the living room will be the living room. Each room has its own purpose, which can be guessed at first glance. If you want to understand the difference between organic architecture and any other, just compare an ordinary multi-story building and, say, the hobbit hut in the movie "The Lord of the Rings", although only the external design is used there. The ideas of organic architecture have found extraordinary popularity recently. Partly due to the availability of new construction materials that allow the creation of the most bizarre architectural forms. Another reason that gave impetus to the development of organic architecture was the feeling of unity with nature that such a building gives.

Neoclassicism This architectural style was popular in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. It clearly shows an attempt to return to some “eternal” values, contrasting them with an alarming reality. Ancient Greek buildings, which had not been studied by anyone until then, were chosen as a starting point in the architecture of neoclassicism. Despite the fact that different architects studied the same buildings, they came to quite different conclusions, which led to the different development of neoclassicism in different countries. Thus, in France, the neoclassical style was used mainly in the construction of public buildings. Such a building, for example, was the Petit Trianon in Versailles, which was considered the most perfect creation of Jacques Ange Gabriel. The British, on the contrary, saw in neoclassicism a return to light, openwork forms. In accordance with these ideas, houses and private estates were built. Neoclassicism was practically not used for public buildings. The most famous English architects of the neoclassical style were William Chambers and Robert Adam, who played very important roles in the development of English neoclassicism. The ideas of neoclassicism influenced various countries for a long time, such as Russia (and later the Soviet Union), Scandinavia, Hungary, Bulgaria, Czechoslovakia, etc.

Art Nouveau The desire to create equally aesthetically beautiful and functional buildings at the beginning of the 19th century led to the emergence of the Art Nouveau architectural style. It contrasts sharply with other architectural styles. The most prominent representatives of this style were Victor Horta, a Belgian by nationality, and the Frenchman Hector Guimard. But Antonia Gaudí stands out the most. The buildings erected according to his designs are so perfect and fit so organically into the surrounding landscape that it seems as if nature created such a masterpiece. Distinctive features of the Art Nouveau style are the patterned cladding of building facades, the use of stained glass, as well as various decorative details made of wrought iron. Windows and doorways are characterized by complex geometric shapes that contribute to the creation of a holistic style that is functional and beautiful at the same time. In the Art Nouveau style, dachas, country villas, expensive high-rise buildings and city mansions are built and decorated.

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Architecture styles

Architecture. Style in architecture. Types of architecture. Architecture of large disputes. Landscape architecture. Places. Romanesque style. Place de España. Gothic style. Cathedral in Reims. Cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris France. St. Peter's Basilica. Renaissance. St. Peter's Square. Baroque. St. Paul's Cathedral in London . Classicism. Louvre. Paris. Rococo. Empire. Arch of the Star in Paris. Church of La Madeleine in Paris. - Architecture styles.ppt

Architecture and style

Architectural styles. Saratov. Roman style. Gothic. Baroque. Rococo. Empire style Classicism. Modern. Constructivism. High tech. - Architecture and style.ppt

Styles in architecture

Lesson topic: “Figuratively - the stylistic language of the architecture of the past.” Purpose: Image is a form of reflection of reality in art using characteristic techniques. Style is a set of features that characterize the art of a certain time and direction. Art of Ancient Egypt. Architecture of Ancient Greece. Architecture of Japan. Architecture of Ancient Rus'. Architectural styles. Independent activity of students in groups. Roman style. Monastery of Maria Lach. Germany. Church of Notre-Dame Grande. France. Romanesque castles. Victoria and Albert Museum. London. Pisa Cathedral. Italy. XI-XII centuries - Styles in architecture.ppt

Architectural styles

Architectural styles. Modern style. At the turn of the 19th – 20th centuries, a new artistic style appeared, which in Russia received the name Art Nouveau (from the French moderne - modern). The most famous monument of the Art Nouveau style was the Metropol Hotel. Art Nouveau loves capriciously curved, fluid lines and planes. Art Nouveau masters sought to create an artistically attractive living environment around humans. Women of the early 20th century wore dresses and jewelry in the Art Nouveau style, including those made by the Faberge jewelry company. Furniture, dishes, lamps and other utensils in the Art Nouveau style appeared in the houses. - Architectural styles.ppt

Styles and types of architecture

Types of architecture. Styles and means of expression. Architecture. Architecture styles. Primitive architecture Antique architecture. VIII century BC e. - V century n. e. Roman style. X-XII centuries Gothic. XII-XV centuries Revival. Beginning XV - beginning XVII century Baroque. Con. XVI century - end. XVIII century Rococo. XVIII - con. Classicism. XVIII-XIX centuries Eclecticism. Modern. Modernism. Constructivism. 1920s - early Postmodernism. From ser. XX century High-tech S con. Deconstructivism. From the end Dynamic architecture. From the beginning 21st century. Roman style. Gothic. All style elements emphasize verticality. Renaissance architecture. - Styles and types of architecture.ppt

Styles in art and architecture

Architectural style. Empire style style of late (high) classicism in architecture and applied arts. Arch of Carrousel, Paris. Triumphal Gate (Moscow). Baroque. Carlo Maderna Church of Saint Susanna, Rome. Church of souls in purgatory in the city of Ragusa. Gothic. Gothic cathedral in Coutances, France. Fragment of a stained glass window. Cathedral in Reims, France. Notre Dame Cathedral. Gothic in Russia. Brandenburg Gate in Kaliningrad. The main hall of the Bishop's Chamber. Neo-Gothic. artistic style of the 18th and 19th centuries, borrowing the forms and traditions of Gothic. British Museum of Natural History. - Styles in art and architecture.ppt

Styles of architectural structures

Development of styles in architecture and clothing. Classic styles. Antique style. Use of fabric. The image of a "Greek column". Roman style. Cathedral in Pisa. Romanesque buildings. Men's suit. Leeds Castle. Carsteil Castle. Conwy. Gothic style. Medieval European style. Character of the dress. St. Vitus Cathedral. Cathedral of St. Peter and Mary. Burgos Cathedral. Gargoyle. Milan Cathedral. View of St. Vitus Cathedral. Renaissance style. Character traits. Renaissance style. Renaissance style. Church of San Pietro. Baroque style. Saint Paul's Cathedral. Baroque buildings. Stiffness. Baroque fashion. - Styles of architectural structures.pptx

Varieties of architecture styles

Varieties of architecture styles. Briefly about the concept of architecture. Main components of architecture. Are all architectural buildings alike? Architectural similarities. Representatives of various architectural styles. Various architectural styles. Architectural style. Famous proverb. What architectural styles do you know? Baroque. Examples of buildings built in the Baroque style. Classicism. Examples of buildings built in the classicist style. Renaissance. Examples of buildings built in the Renaissance style. Modern. Examples of buildings built in the Art Nouveau style. Architecture in Russia. - Varieties of architecture styles.ppt

Eclecticism

Eclecticism. Direction in architecture. Baroque. Features of eclecticism. New designs. Eclecticism in Russia. Baltiysky railway station in St. Petersburg. Passage. Nevsky Avenue. Historical Museum. Nizhny Novgorod fair. Cathedral of Christ the Savior. Mariinsky Palace. Eclecticism in Europe. Casino and Opera of Monte Carlo. Church of St. Charles. Observatory of Nice. Royal Pavilion. Palace of Westminster. Royal Library. Bode Museum. -

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STYLES OF RUSSIAN ARCHITECTURE
Purpose of the work: - acquaintance with the architectural styles that existed in Russia in the period from the 10th to the 20th centuries; identifying the characteristic features of each architectural style; preparation for the State Examination and the Unified State Exam.
The presentation was prepared by Olga Valerievna Uleva, teacher of history and social studies, Secondary School No. 1353

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ARCHITECTURAL STYLE is a set of characteristic features and characteristics of architecture.
The characteristic features of a certain time and place, manifested in the features of the functional, constructive and artistic sides (purpose of buildings, building materials and structures, methods of architectural composition), form the architectural style. The development of architectural styles depends on climatic, technical, religious and cultural factors. Although the development of architecture directly depends on time, styles do not always succeed each other sequentially, the simultaneous coexistence of styles as alternatives to each other is known (for example: baroque and classicism, modernism and eclecticism, functionalism, constructivism and art deco).

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MAIN STYLES OF RUSSIAN ARCHITECTURE:
STYLE NAME TIME OF EXISTENCE
Byzantine (cross-domed) design. X – XV centuries
Tent XVI – XVII centuries.
Russian (marvelous) pattern of the 17th century.
Baroque con. XVI century - end. XVIII century
Rococo 18th century
Classicism gray XVIII - XIX centuries
Pseudo-Russian and pseudo-Byzantine ser. XIX - early XX century
Modern con. XIX - early XX century

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BYZANTINE STYLE late X - XV centuries Features of the style: Along with the Christian faith, Rus' adopted from Byzantium the image of a temple with already highly developed theological symbolism. Traditionally, the architecture of Kievan Rus is classified in this style, but similar temples were built much later. All ancient Russian churches are based on the Byzantine cross-domed model, but in Rus' this model quickly began to acquire its own national features.

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BYZANTINE STYLE
CHURCH OF THE HOLY VIRGIN (TITH) (991 - 996) Greek (Byzantine) masters. The first Russian stone church. Built by order of Prince Vladimir. It has not survived to this day.

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SOPHIA CATHEDRAL IN Kyiv (XI century) Greek (Byzantine) masters. Built by order of Yaroslav the Wise. It has survived to this day in a heavily rebuilt form.
BYZANTINE STYLE

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NOTE! Unlike Western Europe, where BASILICS were more popular, in Rus' they built a FOUR- AND SIX-PILLAR CROSS-DOME temple, where the dome became the most important element.
BASILICA
CROSS-DOME TEMPLE

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DETERMINE WHERE IS THE BASILICA AND WHERE IS THE CROSS-DOME TEMPLE?
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BASILICA

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CROSS-DOME TEMPLE

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CROSS-DOME MODEL OF THE TEMPLE
NOTE! Having adopted the cross-domed type of temples from Byzantium, Russian masters began to add their own original interpretations to the buildings (Novgorod, Vladimir-Suzdal, Moscow schools).

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BYZANTINE STYLE (cross-domed model of the temple)
NOTE! Over time (XII - XV centuries), the Russian cross-domed church took on original features and was not a direct copy of the Byzantine originals. Therefore, many researchers distinguish the ANCIENT RUSSIAN STYLE from the Byzantine and mention its various schools: Novgorod, Pskov, Vladimir-Suzdal, Early Moscow, Godunov style, etc.

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TIE-TOP STYLE late 16th - 17th centuries Features of the style: Instead of a dome, the building of a tent-roofed church ends with a tent. Tent churches can be made of wood or stone. Stone tented churches appeared at the beginning of the 16th century, originate from Russian wooden architecture and have no analogues in the architecture of other countries.

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NOTE! Since wooden construction has been predominant in Rus' since ancient times, most Christian churches were also built from wood. But in wood it is extremely difficult to convey the shape of a dome - a necessary element of a Byzantine-type temple. Probably, it was technical difficulties that caused the replacement of domes in wooden churches with hipped roofs.

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PAY ATTENTION how the area of ​​the building increases with the same length of the log (wall).
CHETVERIK
SIX
EIGHT

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TENT STYLE
CHURCH OF THE ASCENSION IN KOLOMENSKY (1528-1532) Italian and Russian masters. One of the first Russian tented stone churches. Legend connects the construction of the temple with the birth of Ivan the Terrible.

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TENT STYLE

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RUSSIAN (WONDERFUL, MOSCOW) PATTERN XVII century Features of the style: Intricate forms, abundance of decor, complexity of composition and picturesque silhouette of the building.

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TEREM PALACE IN THE MOSCOW KREMLIN (1635-1636) Architects Bazhen Ogurtsov, Antip Konstantinov, Trefil Sharutin, Larion Ushakov.
RUSSIAN PATTERN

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RUSSIAN PATTERN. Terem Palace (interior).

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RUSSIAN PATTERN

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BAROQUE XVII - XVIII centuries Features of the style: Striving for grandeur and splendor. fluidity of complex, usually curved shapes. Often there are large-scale colonnades and an abundance of sculpture on the facades and in the interiors.
Russian Baroque includes two directions:
MOSCOW (NARYSHKIN) BAROQUE
PETERSBURG (PETROVSKOE, ANNINSKOE, ELISAVETINSKOE) BAROQUE

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BAROQUE (MOSCOW)
CHURCH OF THE INTEGRATION IN FILI (1690-1694). Architect Yakov Bukhvostov (presumably).

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BAROQUE (MOSCOW)

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BAROQUE (PETERSBURG)
WINTER PALACE IN ST. PETERSBURG (1754-1762) Architect Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli.

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BAROQUE. Winter Palace (facade and interiors).

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BAROQUE (PETERSBURG)

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ROCOCO (French rococo - “pretentious, whimsical, tortuous”) second half of the 18th century Features of the style: Rococo architecture, in contrast to the monumental and lush Baroque, is characterized by luxury, lightness, grace and mannerism. The Rococo style was a continuation of the Baroque style, or, more precisely, its modification, corresponding to the cutesy, pretentious time. Rococo is easily recognizable by its capriciousness, sophistication and burden of forms. In Russia it was used mainly for decorating interiors rather than building facades.

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ROCAILLE (French rocaille - rocky, from roc - rock, cliff) is the main element of the Rococo style ornament, reminiscent of the shape of a shell curl.

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ROCOCO IN THE INTERIOR
PETERHOF Ballroom of the Grand Palace (1751-1752) Architect Bartolomeo Francesco Rastrelli.

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CLASSICISM late XVIII - XIX centuries Features of the style: Appeal to the forms of ancient architecture as a standard of harmony, simplicity, rigor, logical clarity and monumentality. Classicism is characterized by regularity of layout and clarity of volumetric form, symmetrical axial compositions, and restraint of decorative decoration.

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CLASSICISM
MIKHAILOVSKY PALACE IN ST. PETERSBURG (1819-1825) Architect Carl Rossi.

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LATE CLASSICISM. St. Isaac's Cathedral in St. Petersburg.

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PSEUDO-RUSSIAN (RUSSIAN) STYLE late XIX - early XX centuries Features of the style: the use of the traditions of ancient Russian architecture and folk art, as well as the elements of Byzantine architecture associated with them. The pseudo-Russian style includes two directions: NEORUSSIAN STYLE RUSSIAN-BYZANTINE STYLE

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TEMPLE OF CHRIST THE SAVIOR IN MOSCOW (1839 – 1883) Architect Konstantin Ton. On December 5, 1931, the temple building was destroyed. It was rebuilt in the same place in 1994 - 1997.
RUSSIAN-BYZANTINE STYLE
HOW TO DISCOVER? use of elements of Byzantine architecture; imitation of the ancient architecture of the Byzantine Empire (stylization “like Byzantium”).

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RUSSIAN-BYZANTINE STYLE
NAVAL CATHEDRAL IN KRONSTADT (1903 – 1913) Architect Vasily Kosyakov.

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COMPARE:
Temple of Hagia Sophia in Constantinople (VI century)
Cathedral of Christ the Savior in Moscow (XIX-XX centuries)
Typical features of the RUSSIAN-BYZANTINE style: - four-foot cross-domed type of temple; strict centricity of the plan and facades; mirror symmetry of facades; all-facade (i.e. careful finishing of all details on all facades, the temple is beautiful from all sides); deliberate massiveness and heaviness of architectural forms.