Large degrees of comparison of adjectives in English. Degrees of comparison of adjectives. Comparative turns using adjectives in sentences

Adjectives in English have two degrees of comparison: the comparative degree ( comparative form) and superlatives ( superlative form).

comparative (comparative form) is used when comparing one person or object/phenomenon with another. For example, "colder than".

Superlatives (superlative form) is used when comparing one person or object / phenomenon with other people or objects of the same group. The superlative degree is translated using the word "most". For example, "the coldest".

Table of formation of degrees of comparison of adjectives

Adjectives		Comparative degree (comparative)	superlative (superlative)
One-syllable and some two-syllable adjectives ending in -er-, -ow, -le		… + -er	the … + -est
	hot large fast narrow long simple thin	hotter larger faster narrower longer simpler thinner	the hot test the largest the fastest the narrowest the longest the simplest the thinner
-y adjectives	busy	busier	busiest
Disyllabic and polysyllabic adjectives		more/less + …	the most/least + …
Disyllabic and polysyllabic adjectives	beautiful interesting	more beautiful more interesting	the most beautiful the most interesting
Exceptions	good bad old Much/many little	better worse older elder farther further more less	the best the worst the oldest the eldest the farthest the furthest the most the least

Note: Some disyllabic adjectives have TWO forms for the comparative degree and two forms for the superlative degree. For example: happy, clever, common, narrow, pleasant, quiet, simple, stupid.They are shaped like -er, -est, and the form with more/most.

Examples:
She is happier than him. She is the cleverest person Lady Connie knows. ⇒ She is happier than him. She is the smartest person Lady Connie knows.
Lady Connie is more happy than John. Lady Connie is the happiest woman in the world. ⇒ Lady Connie is happier than John. Lady Connie is the happiest woman in the world.

In monosyllabic adjectives ending in a vowel followed by a consonant, the final consonant is doubled:
big-big ger - the big gest

In disyllabic adjectives that end in a consonant followed by -y, -y is replaced by -i:
crazy - crazy ier - the crazy iest

Further And farther indicate distance:
Balmora is six miles further/farther.
But further(but not farther) can also mean "in addition":
There is no further books. ⇒ Besides these books, there are no more here.

Words elder/eldest used before nouns only with family members:
my elder sister/brother/son, my eldest son, she is the eldest(but not she is elder than me).

Older/oldest used in relation to people and objects / phenomena:
Connie is older than Kate. This sword is older. ⇒ Connie is older than Katya. This sword is older.

Lesser formed from less, but this is not a true comparative degree. We cannot use than after it: It means "not so good." It is usually used in phrases like:
the lesser of two evils.⇒ the lesser of two evils.

Forming sentences with comparisons

as ... asUsed in affirmative and interrogative sentences. It translates as "so (oh) the same ... as":
The game is as interesting as the film. ⇒ The game is as interesting as the movie.

twice as ... as,
three times as … as
…
It translates as "two / three times ...":
His sword is twice as big as mine. ⇒ His sword is twice the size of mine.
Bitcoin is three times as expensive as it was a few months ago.
She is twice as old. ⇒ Bitcoin is three times more expensive than it was a few months ago. She is twice as old.

half as much/many- twice smaller
half the size- twice smaller
half my age- twice as young
half the weight- twice as easy
Examples:
The box is half the size of previous. ⇒ The box is half the size of the previous one.
Lady Connie is half my age. ⇒ Lady Connie is half my age.
My trunk is half the weight of yours. ⇒ The chest is twice as light as yours.

not so/as … as
It translates as "not the same ... as":
Lady Connie is not so fat as her father. ⇒ Lady Connie is not as fat as her father.

much, far, a great deal, a lot- much, much, much
a bit, a little- A little
The book is far more interesting than the film. ⇒ The book is much more interesting than this movie.
Your website is a great deal better than mine. ⇒ Your site is much better than mine.

the most- most
most- extremely, very
most- majority, most
Examples:
This is the most interesting book. ⇒ This is the most interesting book.
Most young people are fond of vapes. ⇒ Many of the young people are vape fans.
This is most expensive book. ⇒ This is the most expensive book.

the the+ comparative adjective
It translates as "than ..., so ...":
The harder game, the better I play. ⇒ The tougher the game, the better we play.

the same … as
It translates as "the same ... as":
Lady Connie is same age as the witcher. ⇒ Lady Connie is the same age as the witcher.

than/as me/him/her/them/us
Lady Connie taller than me. ⇒ Lady Connie is taller than me.

In Russian, adjectives are words denoting a sign of an object, phenomenon or person and answering the question “what”. Similar to Russian, adjectives also exist in English and play an important role, decorating speech, making it more lively and vivid.

We can say that, in general, all the rules of adjectives that exist in Russian are also available in English. The presence of degrees of comparison of adjectives was no exception - when studying a foreign language, this is one of the main topics related to the rules for writing adjectives. At the same time, the good news is that degrees of comparison are also the easiest rule. The reason is that almost completely the methodology for forming the degrees of comparison of adjectives coincides with the Russian-language methodology.

Let's see what are degrees of comparison of adjectives in English, and how they are formed.

Existing degrees of comparison

In order to make English speech more saturated, two degrees of comparison of adjectives are distinguished in the language - comparative and superlative. Sometimes, in accordance with another classification, a positive degree of comparison is added to the traditional two varieties - this is the ordinary form of the adjective familiar to us.

The main task of the degrees of comparison is to facilitate the ability to more accurately speak about a particular phenomenon and subject. In addition to adjectives, there are also degrees of comparison in adverbs - i.e. we can say that those parts of speech have them, the target task of which is to describe the characteristics.

Before you get acquainted with the degrees of comparison, it is worth remembering that all adjectives themselves are divided into three large groups - relative, qualitative and attractive. If the adjective expresses the quality of an object, it is called qualitative. Examples of these are "good" stools, "cold" weather. At the same time, there are other varieties - relative and possessive. An example of relative adjectives: "plastic" window, "dog" tail. An example of possessive adjectives is "grandmother's" grandson, "Serezhin" textbook. Everything, as in Russian.

It is important to remember that only qualitative adjectives can have degrees of comparison. You cannot say that the tail will be "less doggy" and the grandson "more granny". But we can always judge the quality of the weather - the weather is "less cold", and the chair is "better" than the chair.

In English, there are three degrees of comparison for adjectives: comparative, superlative and positive:

The positive degree of comparison (positive) is the simplest, familiar form of the adjective. This kind of degree of comparison describes the property of an object or phenomenon: cold - cold, soft - soft. Here is an example of a sentence in which an adjective of a positive degree is used: The dog is kind - a kind dog.
The comparative degree of comparison (comparative) is a kind of comparison of the object or phenomenon under consideration with another according to a certain characteristic. For example: one is bright, and the other is brighter (bright - brighter), one is hot, and the other is even hotter (warm - warmer). Here is an example of a sentence in which the comparative adjective is used: The dog is kinder - the dog is kinder.
The superlative degree of comparison (superlative) suggests that an object or phenomenon has the strongest characteristics on the selected attribute in comparison with any other phenomenon or object. The kitten may be the most beautiful, the game may be the most interesting. Here is an example of a sentence in which the superlative adjective is used: The dog is the kindest - the dog is the kindest.

However, despite the more or less simple rule of varieties of degrees of comparison, it is much more difficult to understand exactly how to build them in English. In many ways, the rules depend not only on the degree of comparison, but also on the original word itself.

How are degrees of comparison formed in English?

The rule for the formation of comparative degrees for adjective names largely depends on the length of the adjective itself, which is the "source code". The basic rules are shown below.

Comparative:

For short adjectives, the length of which does not exceed two syllables, the ending "-er" is most often used in the comparative degree. Let's give an example: hot - hotter (hot - hotter), long - longer (long - longer);
In the case when the original adjective itself has the ending "-e", in a comparative degree "-r" is added to it: strange - stranger (strange - more strange);
When an adjective has the ending “y”, this is replaced by a comparative degree with “-i”, after which the ending “er” already known to us is added: lucky - luckier (lucky - more successful), easy - easier (light - easier);
At the end of an adjective with a consonant before which there is a vowel, the comparative degree involves doubling this consonant: hot - hotter (hot - hotter);

For long words in the English language that have more than two syllables, the formation of a comparative degree involves the use of the words more / less (more / less). Consider examples: serious - more serious (serious - more serious), difficult - less difficult (complicated - less difficult).

Superlatives according to the rules, approximately similar to the comparative: for short adjectives, the ending “est” is used and, without fail, the article “the”: hot - the hottest (hot - the hottest), long - the longest (long - the longest), easy - the easiest (light - the easiest), hot - the hottest (hot - the hottest). For long English words, the superlative degree of comparison is built using the words the most / the least (most / least): serious - the most serious (serious - the most serious), difficult - the least difficult (difficult - least difficult).

Varieties of methods for the formation of comparative degrees

Conditionally, the above rules can be grouped into several ways: analytical, synthetic, suppletive, and the method of forming complex adjectives.

Analytical method

Analytical is the method of forming comparative and superlative adjectives, where the additional words more / less (more / less) and the most / the least (most / least) are used. Then it remains only to add the original adjective to get the desired degree of comparison.

Let's try to correctly translate comparative degrees in sentences.

This sweater is warm, that one is warmer, but my mother bought the warmest sweater. — This sweater is warm, that's warmer, but my mom bought the warmest sweater.

This film is interesting, but yesterday the cartoon was more interesting, although I watched the most interesting film a month ago. — This film is interesting, but yesterday the cartoon was more interesting, although the most interesting film I watched a month ago.

Synthetic way

A synthetic way of constructing comparative degrees for adjectives involves the use of endings. You have already read them above.

Let's try to translate sentences using the synthetic method of formation:

This path was longer than usual, but the path through the park is the longest. — This path was longer than normal, but the path through the park is the longest.

suppletive way

In addition to the above methods of forming comparative degrees for adjectives, the suppletive method is widely popular. These are exception words that do not fit the usual rules - in this case, each word has a unique form of comparative and superlative degrees of comparison. We recommend that you memorize this table so that you can use it without prompting in spoken and written English.

The words farther and farthest are usually used for physical positions, while further and furthest are for general categories. Compare two sentences:

Your brother will ask you further questions. — Further questions will be asked by your brother.

The words elder and eldest are used to denote seniority in the family, while older and oldest describe age in general. Compare two sentences:

My eldest daughter got married last month. — My eldest daughter got married last month.

The oldest person in the world was from Indonesia. — The oldest person in the world was from Indonesia.

Compound adjectives

Complex in English, as in Russian, are adjectives that consist of two or more words related to different parts of speech. Here are examples of English compound adjectives:

Adjective + noun + "ed":

Red-haired - red-haired.

This red-haired girl is my mother. - This red-haired girl is my mother.

Numeral + noun:

Five-hour - five hours.

We attended a five-hour training. — We attended a five-hour training.

Numeral + noun + "ed":

Two-sided - two-sided.

It was a two-way street. — It was a two-sided road.

And so on.

The general rule that unites complex adjectives in English is the use of a hyphen in them. This is necessary in order to avoid ambiguous interpretation in speech. Compare two sentences:

Your department needs more qualified staff. — You need more qualified personnel in your department.

Your company has more highly qualified personnel. — Your company has more qualified staff.

If the first sentence carries information that more personnel with qualified knowledge is required, then the second suggests that the company already has more such personnel than another.

The formation of comparative degrees for complex adjectives of the English language occurs with the use of the words more-most, as well as the modification of the first part of the word, if there are two or more of them in the word. This rule is especially often used for words where the word begins with good/bad/well or another suppletive form. Examples of compound adjectives with degrees of comparison:

well— known(famous) -better— known (better known)best— known(the most famous)

good— looking(attractive) -better— looking (more attractive)best— looking(the most attractive).

Exercises to consolidate information

That's all the information you need to know in order to effortlessly compose degrees of comparison of adjectives in English. At first glance, the rules are quite complex and there are many of them, but over time, with constant practice, you will realize that there is nothing complicated in the rule.

Using the degrees of comparison, you will be able to express your thoughts more correctly, and your speech will be filled with knowledge. In the meantime, we bring to your attention exercises of the degree of comparison of adjectives in English. Test and consolidate your knowledge!

Exercise 1. Below is a list of adjectives. Try to correctly compose the degrees of comparison known to you for each of them:

original adjective		Superlatives (answer)
Hot (hot)
Happy (happy)
Beautiful (beautiful)
Brave (brave)
Calm (calm)
Fast (fast)
Cool (cold)
Short (short)
Dangerous (dangerous)
Handsome (beautiful)
Nice (cute)
Sarcastic (sarcastic)

Exercise 2. Complete the sentences with the necessary adjectives in the appropriate degree of comparison.

Bus is ____ means of city transport.

My computer was repaired, so he games play ___ today.

This flat is ___ than we had before.

A Calibri is ___ bird on the planet.

Nick is ___ than Tom.

Exercise 3 Open the brackets in the sentences using the correct comparative degree of the adjective.

Kate was (beautiful) ___ girl in the whole university.

We felt (good) ___ than yesterday.

My mom was (kind) ___ than brother.

Africa is (warm) ___ continent than America.

The Beatles was (popular) ___ singer-group in America.

Answers to exercises.

Exercise 1.

original adjective	Comparative degree (answer)	Superlatives (answer)
Hot (hot)	hotter	The hot test
Happy (happy)	Happier	The happiest
Beautiful (beautiful)	more beautiful	The most beautiful
Brave (brave)	Braver	the bravest
Calm (calm)	Calmer	The calmest
Fast (fast)	Faster	The Fastest
Cool (cold)	cooler	The coolest
Short (short)	Shorter	The shortest
Dangerous (dangerous)	More dangerous	The most dangerous
Handsome (beautiful)	More handsome	The most handsome
Nice (cute)	nicer	The nicest
Sarcastic (sarcastic)	more sarcastic	The most sarcastic

Exercise 2.

Bus is the bigest means of city transport.

My computer was repaired, so he games play better today.

This flat is more expensive than we had before.

A Calibri is the smallest bird on the planet.

Nick is taller than Tom.

Exercise 3

Kate was the most beautiful girl in the whole university.

We felt better than yesterday.

My mom was kinder than brother.

Africa is warmer continent than america.

The Beatles was the most popular singer-group in America.

If you managed to perform all the exercises correctly, it means that by now you have understood rules for compiling degrees of comparison for adjectives. If errors still occur, try to practice for a week. We are sure - with a little desire and practice - and you will definitely be able to learn English quickly and easily! We wish you success in your endeavors!

Degrees of comparison are a great invention. They make our speech more accurate and expressive, allow us to accurately formulate the features of objects and phenomena. The degrees of comparison in English, as in Russian, are in those parts of speech that describe characteristics - that is, in adjectives (Adjective) and adverbs (Adverb).

Degrees of comparison in English are three forms of an adjective or adverb that express different degrees of quality inherent in an object. These degrees are positive, comparative and superlative.

We use degrees of comparison all the time: when we listen to the biggest rock hits of the 20th century, take a hot bath, or just pick the best apples on the counter. These are natural desires for which the English language has special “tools” of expression: degrees of comparison. Let's make the rules for the formation of degrees of comparison understandable and simple, so that you can easily remember them and not make mistakes.

Comparison of adjectives in English: faster, higher, more precise.

Adjectives are much more interesting than they seem at first glance. For example, they can express the quality of the subject to a greater or lesser extent. But only qualitative adjectives - adjectives of the other two categories (relative and possessive) do not have degrees of comparison. Because you can't say "more iron" (more iron) or "less feline" (less feline). But you can and should say “good, better, best friend” (good, better, best friend).

There are three degrees of comparison of adjectives in English - positive ( positive), comparative ( comparative) and excellent ( superlative):

Positive degree is the simplest form of an adjective that describes its property (cheerful, silver, warm, soft, etc.). Example: This cat is fluffy. By the way, this form of adjectives is indicated in.

The positive degree is followed by comparative degree is a kind of analysis, expressed in one word, when the characteristics of two or more objects, persons, phenomena are compared. For example: one is cheerful - and the second is more fun (funny - more funny), one is warm - but the second is warmer (warm - warmer). Example: This cat is more fluffy.

And if you need to say that someone or something has the strongest characteristics among the rest, then excellent degree of comparison in English: the most cheerful (the funniest, the most funny), the warmest (the warmest, the warmest). Example: This cat is the most fluffy.

Comparison of adjectives in English occurs according to rules that depend not only on the desired degree of comparison, but also on the original word.

Formation of the comparative degree of comparison in English

It seems like a tautology, but we know that the comparative degree is really important. The rule for its formation takes into account the length of the original adjective:

The comparative degree of short adjectives, that is, consisting of only one or two syllables, is formed using the ending -er: warm (warm) - warmer (warmer), narrow (narrow) - narrower (narrower), long (long) - longer ( longer).
If the adjective ends in -e, then we simply add -r: strange (strange) - stranger (more strange, or “stranger”, as Alice used to say in Carroll).
If the adjective ends in -y, then the ending changes to -i: lucky (lucky) - luckier (more lucky), easy (simple) - easier (easier).
If the adjective ends in a consonant preceded by a vowel, then comparatively the final consonant is doubled: hot (hot) - hotter (hot).

If the original adjective is a long word with more than two syllables, then the comparative degree is formed using the words more (more) and less (less): expensive (expensive) - more expensive (more expensive), serious (serious) - less serious ( less severe).

Formation of Superlatives in English

note: superlative adjectives are used with the definite article “the” - this emphasizes their exclusivity and uniqueness, “superiority” over others in a number of similar ones.

Many English adjectives with two or more syllables are easy to remember in degrees of comparison. The comparative is formed using the words “more” and “less”, and the superlative is formed using the words “most” and “least”. Then it remains only to substitute these auxiliary comparison words to get the desired degree:

This cake is delicious, but it's more delicious, but my mother makes the most delicious cakes.

This story is interesting, and yesterday was less interesting, but the least interesting story we heard last week.

This so-called analytical method formation of degrees of comparison. Synthetic way comparison in English is to use the endings:

The superlative degree of adjectives is formed using the suffix -est: long (long) - the longest (the longest).
If the adjective ends with the letter y, which is preceded by a consonant, then the superlative ending changes to -i: pretty (cute) - the prettiest (cutest).
If there is a vowel before the final y, then the ending remains unchanged: gray (gray) - the greyest (greyest).
If an adjective ends with a consonant before which there is a vowel, then in the superlative degree of comparison in English, the final consonant is doubled: big (big) - the biggest (biggest).

Degrees of Comparison in English: Exceptions

Except synthetic And analytical, exists suppletive comparison method in English. And it represents an exception to the rules described above. We have compiled a separate table of suppletive exceptions so that you can clearly see these special comparison words in English:

Positive	Comparative	Superlative




		farthest/furthest

Pay attention to the difference in suppletive forms:

farther and farthest regarding physical distance, position: I live farther from park than Liam (I live farther from the park than Liam).
further and further for more general categories: You will receive further instructions from the teacher.
elder and eldest regarding seniority in the family: My older brother married last year (My older brother got married last year).
older and oldest for age in general: The oldest person in the world lived to 146 years old, he was an Indonesian (The oldest person in the world lived to be 146 years old, he was an Indonesian).

Comparison of adverbs in English

Comparing adverbs in English is very similar to comparing adjectives. This is demonstrated by a table with the rules for the formation of degrees of comparison:

We have tried to make the presentation of the English degrees of comparison as clear as possible. But finally you will understand and learn the rules for the formation of English comparisons only in practice. To do this, do exercises online and by. Take tests and complete tasks for changing adjectives by degrees of comparison: 1) Every year the Guineas Book of Records announces ... person in the world.

higher
the highest
highest
highestest

2) I am 1.9 cm ... than you are.

tallest
more taller
tallier
taller

3) This chair is ... that the other one.

much comfortable
many more comfortable
very comfortable
more comfortable

4) Cindy is ... girl I have ever met.

the smartest
smatier
the smartest
smarter

Check the results in the tables and make sure that the rules for the formation of degrees of comparison of adjectives in English are not at all complicated - if you understand the basic principle. Good luck!

The adjective - an adjective in English denotes a distinctive feature of the subject (subject) in three degrees. In accordance with the type (simple or complex, that is, monosyllabic or polysyllabic), it is possible to form a construction of a comparative or superlative degree of an adjective.

Words denoting colors (white, red, blue), qualities of a person and objects (prudent, strong, fearful, clean, wet) are all adjectives.

Rules for the formation of degrees of simple (monosyllabic) adjectives

positive degree - positive degree;
comparative degree - comparative degree;
superlative degree - superlative degree.

A simple adjective is created by adding the suffix -est if the word is simple (monosyllabic). In addition, the superlative degree is characterized by the addition of the definite article (the) to the adjective, since now we are talking not about a simple subject (subject in a sentence or in a phrase), but about the best and most outstanding of its kind.

The simplest examples of the use of monosyllabic adjectives in the superlative degree of comparison:

strong - the strongest (strong - the strongest or strongest);
sharp - the sharpest (sharp - the sharpest or sharpest);
clever - the cleverest (smart - the smartest or smartest);
neat - the neatest (neat - the neatest or neatest);
short - the shortest (short - the shortest or shortest);
East or West home is best - East or West - the house is better (an analogue of the Russian proverb "Away is good, but home is better").

If the adjective ends in -y, as in other similar words, that letter changes to -i. And only then a sign of superlative degree is added, that is, the ending -est:

naughty - naughtiest (naughty - the most naughty);
pretty - prettiest (charming - the most charming);
dry - driest (dry - the driest);
noisy - noisest (noisy - the noisiest);
happy - happiest (happy - happiest);
dirty - dirtiest (dirty - the dirtiest);
messy - messiest (sloppy - the most sloppy).

Simple words obey the same rule: ugly (ugly, ugly), busy (busy).

An adjective ending in the vowel e loses the last letter:

nice - nicest (good - the best or the nicest);
white - whitest (white - the whitest or whitest);
rare - rarest (rare - the rarest or rarest).

In simple one-syllable adjectives, after a short vowel, the consonant is doubled:

big - biggest (big - biggest);
fat - fattest (thick - the thickest);
red - reddest (red - the reddest);
hot - hottest (hot - the hottest).

The same rule includes the words: sad (sad, sad), hot (hot), wet (wet).

Suggestion examples:

Europe is the largest continent - Europe is the widest continent.

Oceania is the smallest continent - Oceania is the smallest continent.

Exceptions to the rules

The superlative degree of an adjective in English may not be formed according to the typical rules. These examples are people who study English at first, try to remember by heart or always have a cheat sheet with them:

good - best (good - the best);
bad - worst (bad - the worst);
little - least (small - smallest);
many, much - most (a lot - the most or the largest).

The adjective OLD (old) in addition to its exclusivity is distinguished by two forms of superlatives. The most common form:

old - oldest (old - oldest or oldest).

But, if we are talking about family members (native people), a different form is used:

old - eldest (old - oldest or oldest).

Usage examples

Exceptional superlative adjective. Usage examples:

My diploma work in the best - My diploma work is the best.

This campaign has the worst production - This campaign has the worst production.

My son is the smallest in its class - My son is the smallest in his class.

This book is the oldest in my library - This book is the oldest in my library.

Our great-grandfather is the eldest member of the family - Our great-grandfather is the oldest member of the family.

Try to form the superlatives of the following adjectives:

new (new);
fast (fast);
tall (high);
cheap (cheap);
expensive (expensive).

Formation of the degree of polysyllabic adjectives

A polysyllabic adjective is one in which there is more than one syllable, that is, a combination of a consonant and a vowel.

In this case, the exclusive construction more - the most, already familiar from the previous explanation, is used. The superlative degree from this combination is simply substituted for the adjective:

comfortable - the most comfortable (comfortable - the most comfortable or most comfortable);
interesting - the most interesting (interesting - the most interesting or most interesting).

The same with the words: popular (popular), beautiful (beautiful).

Other comparative constructions with adjectives

The superlative degree of an adjective can also be formed by other comparative constructions.

The union than (than) is used if the degree of quality of one object is compared with the degree of quality of another:

This room is larger than that - This room is larger than that one.

Better late than never - Better late than never.

Two heads are better than one - Two heads are better than one.

Green gallary is wider than red - The green gallery is wider than the red one.

Antarctida is bigger than Oceania - Antarctica is bigger than Oceania.

Use of the as…as construction (same...as, same...as). In this case, the adjective is compared in a positive degree between as and as:

This book is as interesting as that - This book is as interesting as that one.

Yellow car as fast as green - A yellow car is as fast as a green one.

This doctor as clever as that one - This doctor is as smart as that one.

Exercises to consolidate the learned

1) Quiz. Try to answer the questions using word constructions with comparative adjectives.

Which country is smaller? (Scotland or England)

Which country is begger? (Russia or Spain)

Which is the largest continent on our planet?

Which is the biggest ocean on our planet?

Which city is older? (Moscow or London)

Which is the smallest country? (Vatican City or Monaco)

2) Read the dialogue between two friends Alison and Tony and try to understand what they are talking about.

Alison: My cat is big. It is beautiful and neat. Your dog is messier than my cat.

Tony: My dog is bigger thn your cat. It is more beautiful than your cat.

Alison: My house is newer than your house. It is the newest in our street.

Tony: No, it's not. Your house is older than my house. Your garden is smaller than my garden.

Alison: Yes, it is. But it is more beautiful. It's the most beautiful garden in our city.

Tony: Our car is bigger, newer, more comfortable and more expensive than your car.

Alison's cat: Alison is as fast and clever as Tony.

Tony's dog: Tony is as fast and clever as Alison.

Hot, long, short, clever, silly, great, red, black, white, thin, thick, fat, nice, warm, cold, merry, small, tall, high, weak, strong, heavy, light, green, dry, clean, dirty, wide, deep, brave.

Answers: hotter, the hottest; longer, the longest; cleverer, the cleverest; sillier, the silliest; greater, the greatest; redder, the reddest; blacker, the blackest; whiter, the whitest; thinner, the thinnest; thicker, the thickest; fatter, the fattest; nicer, the nicest; warmer, the warmest; colder, the coldest; merrier, the merriest; smaller, the smallest; taller, the tallest; higher, the highest; weaker, the weakest; stronger, the strongest; heaviest, the heaviest; lighter, the lightest; greener, the greenest; drier, the driest; cleaner, the cleanest; dirtier, the dirtiest; wider, the widest; deeper, the deepest; braver, the bravest.

Exercise 2. Translate into English.

Old, older, oldest, oldest, my older brother, my old friend, farther, furthest, longest, shorter, happiest, happier, happiest, best, blackest, longer, worse, better, warmer, her best friend, her youngest son, his eldest son.

Answers: old, older, the oldest, the eldest, my elder brother, my old friend, farther, the farthest, the longest, shorter, happy, happier, the happiest, the best, the blackest, longer, worse, better, warmer, her best friend, her younger son, his elder son.

Exercise 3. Write the adjectives in the correct column.

Safe, hot, fine, pretty, fat, brave, sad, lazy, dry, thin, large, busy, wet, happy.

Answers: mute -e: safe, fine, brave, large; double consonant: hot, fat, sad, thin, wet; -y → -i: pretty, lazy, dry, busy, happy.

Exercise 4. Fill in the blanks.

_____ - brighter - the brightest
easy - _____ - the easiest
funny - _____ - the funniest
_____ - hotter - _____
new - newer - _____
_____ - noisier - _____
red - _____ - _____
ripe - _____ - the ripest
tall - _____ - _____

Answers: bright, easier, funnier, hot - the hottest, the newest, noisy - the noisiest, redder - the reddest, riper, taller - the tallest.

Exercise 5. Write the adjectives in the correct column according to the rules for forming degrees of comparison.

Modern, fast, clever, comfortable, friendly, young, wonderful, gentle, lucky, dangerous, smart, thick, stupid, easy, attractive.

-er/-est	more/most	-er/-est or more/most

Answers: -er/-est: fast, young, lucky, smart, thick, easy; more/most: modern, comfortable, friendly, wonderful, dangerous, attractive; -er/-est or more/most: clever, gentle, stupid.

Exercise 6. Write the adjectives in the correct column according to the rules for forming degrees of comparison.

More careful, the brightest, fluent, hotter, intelligent, tastier, bitter, the most violent, faster, full, more boring, serious, the richest.

Answers: positive degree: fluent, intelligent, bitter, full, serious; c comparative degree: more careful, hotter, tastier, faster, more boring; s superlative degree: the brightest, the most violent, the richest.

Exercise 7. Form a positive degree of comparison of adjectives.

The wettest, wider, elder, more marvelous, better, crazier, the slowest, the tidiest, the smallest, cheaper, dirtier, the worst, more helpful, thinner, the largest, richer, the furthest.

Answers: wet, wide, old, marvelous, good, crazy, slow, tidy, little, cheap, dirty, bad, helpful, thin, large, rich, far.

Exercise 8. Form comparative and superlative adjectives.

Beautiful, little, active, neat, high, bad, obvious, rude, many, big, sensitive, light, clear, amazing, far, good, difficult, slim.

Answers: more beautiful - the most beautiful, smaller - the smallest, more active - the most active, neater - the neatest, higher - the highest, worse - the worst, more obvious - the most obvious, ruder - the rudest, more - the most , bigger - the biggest, more sensitive - the most sensitive, lighter - the lightest, clearer - the clearest, more amazing - the most amazing, farther/further - the farthest/the furthest, better - the best, more difficult - the most difficult, slimmer - the slimmest.

Exercise 9. Put the adjectives in bold in brackets into the correct degree of comparison according to the context.

Crocodiles and alligators

crocodiles are (ancient) animals in the world. There are 25 kinds of crocodiles and their relatives on our planet nowadays. (large) of them is the Crested crocodile which lives in the south-east of Asia and in Australia. They are (long)(about six metres) and (strong) among their relatives, that's why Crested crocodiles are (dangerous). Unlike other kinds of crocodiles, which live in lakes, rivers and bogs, the Crested crocodile lives in the sea. Alligators are (small) than crocodiles. The Chinese alligator is considered to be (small) kind of crocodiles (only two meters long)/. It is also (rare) one.

Answers: the most ancient, the largest, the longest, the strongest, the most dangerous, smaller, the smallest, the rarest.

Exercise 10. Translate the following sentences into English.

I know an interesting story.
He knows a more interesting story.
She knows the most interesting story.
It's a long way.
This is a longer path.
This is the longest path.
Her job is very important.
His job is more important.
My work is the most important.
It's a bad song.
This song is even worse.
This is the worst song ever.
He is a good engineer.
He is better engineer.
He is the best engineer.
He brought her a beautiful flower.
He brought her a more beautiful flower.
He brought her the most beautiful flower.
He told us about a happy man.
He told us about a happier man.
He told us about the happiest person.

Answers:

I know an interesting story.
He knows a more interesting story.
She knows the most interesting story.
It is a long way.
It is a longer way.
It is the longest way.
Her work is very important.
His work is more important.
My work is the most important.
It is a bad song.
It is a worse song.
It is the worst song.
He is a good engineer.
He is a better engineer.
He is the best engineer.
He brought her a beautiful flower.
He brought her a more beautiful flower.
He brought her the most beautiful flower.
He told us about a happy man.
He told us about a happy man.
He told us about the happiest man.

WELL DONE!

Literature:

Pavlichenko O.M. English language. Grammar practice. II level. - 2nd ed., corrected. and additional - X .: Ranok, 2012. - 304 p.
Golitsynsky Yu.B. Grammar: A collection of exercises. - 5th ed., - St. Petersburg: KARO, 2005. - 544 p. - (English for schoolchildren).