Brief biography of Sergei Yesenin for children

The great poet of all times and peoples, Sergei Yesenin, remained in the memory not only of the Russian people, but of the whole world, not only as a legendary creative person, but also as a man of unprecedented beauty, who knows how to strike the hearts of people with lyrical and beautiful words. Especially what attracts fans of his work is his unsurpassed gift of poetry. His masterpieces are like a musical stream that flows from the very heart and soul, in which there is a great love for the Motherland and its vast expanses. And how much regret and despair is caused by the fact that such a magnificent nature could devote herself to people for such a short time, because the heart contracts with pain, thinking about how much more creative treasures the poet could give us if he had not left this world in the very dawn of strength and talent.

Sergei Yesenin was born on September 21, 1895 in an ordinary peasant family and from an early age had a delicate and vulnerable soul and temperament. His mother and father lived in the village of Konstantinov, but he was raised by his maternal grandfather. It was he, being a wealthy and intelligent man who loves books, who taught the still very young Yesenin to love nature and art, which later became one of the main themes of his creative activity.

Yesenin's biography is the life of an active and purposeful person. Despite his enormous talent and mental abilities, Yesenin had only four classes of education at a rural school. In 1912, in search of work, he moved to the capital of our country, Moscow. The bookstore and printing house became his first place of work. At the same time, the poet actively attends musical literary societies and lectures.

In 1914, the first works of the young but talented poet saw the light when they began to be published in the editorial offices of the capital. Just a year later, in the northern capital of our country, he meets with S. Gorodetsky, A. Blok and Klyuev, who had a huge impact on Yesenin's work. The literary life of the capital received him with love. Two years later, Sergei Yesenin released his first collected works called "Radunitsa". He did military service in the tsarist troops, but still devoted a lot of time to his work.

It is impossible to miss the fact that this man was a constant object of attention of women and was very popular with them due to his beauty, both external and words. For some time, Sergei Yesenin lived in a civil marriage with Anna Izryadnova and they had a son, Yuri. In the period from 1917 to 1921 he led a family life with his wife Zinaida Reich. In this marriage, he had a daughter and a son. Isadora Duncan, a well-known dancer, was his next wife. The life of the poet was filled with loneliness and depression, despite the fact that he was constantly surrounded by female attention.

Sergei Yesenin visited many parts of not only his homeland, but also the world. During his travels he created numerous works. A dynamic life, trips, hiding from himself and from power, destroyed his last marriage with Sophia Tolstaya, who was the granddaughter of a well-known writer. Although their family broke up, this woman continued to devote her life to the memory of the poet and wrote a huge number of memoirs about him, which should definitely be noted in Yesenin's brief biography.

Yesenin's biography is amazing, but rather short, because it ended in 1925, when he was only thirty years old. The last point of his wanderings and creative activity was the Vagankovskoye cemetery in Moscow.

2Short biography of S. Yesenin

Sergei Alexandrovich Yesenin is a subtle lyric poet and dreamer, deeply in love with Rus'. He was born on September 21, 1895 in the village of Konstantinovo, Ryazan province. The poet's peasant family was very poor, and when Seryozha was 2 years old, his father went to work. The mother could not stand the absence of her husband, and soon the family fell apart. Little Seryozha went to be raised by his maternal grandfather.

Yesenin wrote his first poem at the age of 9. His short life lasted only 30 years, but it was so intense that it had a great influence on Russian history and the soul of every person. Hundreds of small poems and voluminous poems of the great poet echo throughout the vast country and beyond.

Young Yesenin

In the village where Seryozha was exiled, his grandfather had three unmarried sons. As Yesenin later wrote, the uncles were mischievous, and vehemently took up the male upbringing of their nephew: at 3.5 years old, they put the boy on a horse without a saddle and sent him galloping. They also taught him to swim: the delegation got into the boat, went to the middle of the lake and threw little Seryozha overboard. At the age of 8, the poet helped on the hunt - however, as a hunting dog. He swam on the water in search of shot ducks.

There were also pleasant moments in village life - the grandmother introduced her grandson to folk songs, poems, legends and tales. This became the foundation for the development of the poetic beginning of little Yesenin. He went to study in 1904 in a rural school, which after 5 years he successfully graduated with an excellent student. He entered the Spas-Klepikovskaya teacher's school, from where he graduated in 1912 as a "teacher of the literacy school." In the same year he moved to Moscow.

The birth of the creative path

In an unfamiliar city, the poet had to ask for help from his father, and he got him a job in a butcher's shop, where he himself served as a clerk. The many-sided capital captured the mind of the poet - he was determined to make himself known, and soon he got bored with work in the shop. In 1913, the rebel went to serve in the printing house of I.D. Sytin. At the same time, the poet joins the "Surikov Literary and Musical Circle", where he finds like-minded people. The first publication took place in 1914, when Yesenin's poem "Birch" appeared in the journal "Mirok". His works also appeared in the magazines "Niva", "Milky Way" and "Protalinka".

Passion for knowledge directs the poet to the People's University A.L. Shanyavsky. He enters the historical and philosophical department, but this is not enough, and Yesenin attends lectures on the history of Russian literature. They are led by Professor P.N. Sakkulin, to whom the young poet would later bring his works. The teacher will especially appreciate the poem “The scarlet light of dawn wove out on the lake ...”

Service in a printing house introduces Yesenin to his first love, Anna Izryadnova, and he enters into a civil marriage. From this union in 1914, a son, Yuri, was born. At the same time, work began on the poems "Tosca" and "Prophet", the texts of which were lost. However, despite the emerging creative success and family idyll, the poet is getting cramped in Moscow. It seems that his poetry will not be appreciated in the capital as we would like. Therefore, in 1915, Sergei gave up everything and moved to Petrograd.

Success in Petrograd

First of all, in a new place, he is looking for a meeting with A.A. Blok - a real poet, whose glory Yesenin could only dream of at that time. The meeting took place on March 15, 1915. They made an indelible impression on each other. Later, in his autobiography, Yesenin will write that at that moment sweat was pouring from him, because for the first time in his life he saw a living poet. Blok wrote about Yesenin's works as follows: "Poems are fresh, clean, vociferous." Their communication continued: Blok showed the young talent the literary life of Petrograd, introduced him to publishers and famous poets - Gorodetsky, Gippius, Gumilyov, Remizov, Klyuev.

The poet is very close to the latter - their performances with poems and ditties, stylized as the folk peasantry, are a great success. Yesenin's poems are published by many magazines in St. Petersburg "Chronicle", "Voice of Life", "Monthly Journal". The poet attends all literary meetings. A special event in the life of Sergei is the publication of the collection "Radonitsa" in 1916. A year later, the poet marries Z. Reich.

The poet meets the revolution of 1917 zealously, despite the contradictory attitude towards it. “With the oars of severed hands you are rowing into the country of the future,” Yesenin responds in the poem “Mare Ships” in 1917. The poet dedicates this and next year to work on the works "Inonia", "Transfiguration", "Father", "Coming".

Return to Moscow

At the beginning of 1918, the poet returned to the golden-domed. In search of imagery, he converges with A.B. Mariengof, R. Ivnev, A.B. Kusikov. In 1919, like-minded people create the literary movement of the Imagists (from the English image - image). The movement was aimed at discovering fresh metaphors and frilly imagery in the works of poets. However, Yesenin could not fully support his brethren - he believed that the meaning of poetry was much more important than vivid veiled images. For him, the harmony of works and the spirituality of folk art were paramount. Yesenin considered his most striking manifestation of Imagism to be the poem "Pugachev", written in 1920 - 1921.

(Imagists Sergei Yesenin and Anatoly Mariengof)

New love visited Yesenin in the autumn of 1921. He converges with Isadora Duncan - a dancer from America. The couple practically did not communicate - Sergei did not know foreign languages, and Isadora did not speak Russian. However, in May 1922 they got married and left to conquer Europe and America. Abroad, the poet worked on the Moscow Tavern cycle, the poems The Country of Scoundrels and The Black Man. In France, in 1922, the collection Confessions of a Hooligan was published, and in Germany in 1923, the book Poems of a Brawler. In August 1923, the scandalous marriage nevertheless broke up, and Yesenin returned to Moscow.

creative disclosure

In the period from 1923 to 1925, the poet's creative upsurge took place: he wrote the masterpiece cycle "Persian Motifs", the poem "Anna Snegina", the philosophical work "Flowers". The main witness of the creative flourishing was Yesenin's last wife Sofya Tolstaya. When she was published, "The Song of the Great Campaign", the book "Birch Chintz", the collection "On Russia and the Revolution".

Yesenin's later works are distinguished by philosophical thoughts - he recalls his entire life path, talks about his fate and the fate of Rus', looking for the meaning of life and his place in the new empire. There was often talk of death. The death of the poet is still shrouded in mystery - he died on the night of December 28, 1925 at the Angleterre Hotel.

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Sergey Yesenin. The name of the great Russian poet - a connoisseur of the people's soul, a singer of peasant Rus', is familiar to every person, poems have long become Russian classics, and admirers of his work gather on Sergei Yesenin's birthday.

early years

September 21, 1895, in the village of Konstantinovo, Ryazan province, Sergey Alexandrovich Yesenin, an outstanding Russian poet with a tragic, but very eventful fate, was born. Three days later he was baptized in the local church of the Kazan Icon of the Mother of God. Father and mother were of peasant origin. From the very beginning, their marriage union was, to put it mildly, not very good, more precisely, they were completely different people.

Almost immediately after the wedding, Alexander Yesenin (father of the poet) returned to Moscow, where he began working in a butcher's shop. Sergei's mother, in turn, not getting along with her husband's relatives, returned to her father's house, in which he spent the first years of his life. It was his maternal grandfather and grandmother who pushed him to write his first poems, because after his father, the young poet was left by his mother, who went to work in Ryazan. Yesenin's grandfather was a well-read and educated person, he knew many church books, and his grandmother had extensive knowledge in the field of folklore, which had a beneficial effect on the young man's early education.

Education

In September 1904, Sergei entered the Konstantinovsky Zemstvo School, where he studied for 5 years, although the training was supposed to last a year less. This was due to the bad behavior of young Seryozha in the third grade. During training, he returns to his father's house with his mother. At the end of the college, the future poet receives a commendation sheet.

In the same year, he successfully passed the exams for admission to the parochial teacher's school in the village of Spas-Klepiki in his native province. For the duration of his studies, Sergei settled there, coming to Konstantinovskoye only during the holidays. It was at the school for the training of rural teachers that Sergei Alexandrovich began to write poetry regularly. The first works date back to the beginning of December 1910. In a week there are: "The onset of spring", "Autumn", "Winter", "To friends". Before the end of the year, Yesenin manages to write a whole series of poems.

In 1912 he graduated from school and received a diploma in the specialty "school teacher of literacy."

Moving to Moscow

After graduation, Sergei Alexandrovich leaves his native land and moves to Moscow. There he gets a job in Krylov's butcher's shop. He begins to live in the same house as his father, on Bolshoy Strochenovsky Lane, now the Yesenin Museum is located here. At first, Yesenin's father was glad to see his son, sincerely hoping that he would become a support for him and help him in everything, but after working for some time in the shop, Sergei told his father that he wanted to become a poet and began to look for a job to his liking.

First, he distributes the social-democratic magazine "Lights", with the intention of being published in it, but these plans were not destined to come true, since the magazine was soon closed. After that, he gets a job as an assistant proofreader in the printing house of I.D. Sytin. It was here that Yesenin met Anna Izryadnova, who would later become his first civilian wife. Almost simultaneously with this, he enters the student at the Moscow City People's University. Shanyavsky for the historical and philological cycle, but almost immediately abandons him. Work in the printing house allowed the young poet to read many books, made it possible to become a member of the literary and musical Surikov circle.

The first civil wife of the poet, Anna Izryadnova, describes Yesenin of those years as follows:

He was known as a leader, attended meetings, distributed illegal literature. He pounced on books, read all his free time, spent all his salary on books, magazines, did not at all think about how to live ...

The heyday of a poet's career

At the beginning of the 14th year, the first known material of Yesenin was published in the Mirok magazine. The verse "Birch" was printed. In February, the magazine publishes a number of his poems. In May of the same year, Yesenin began to print the Bolshevik newspaper "The Way of Truth".

In September, the poet again changes his job, this time becoming a proofreader in the Chernyshev and Kobelkov trading house. In October, the Protalinka magazine publishes the poem "Mother's Prayer" dedicated to the First World War. At the end of the year, Yesenin and Izryadnova give birth to their first and only child, Yuri.

Unfortunately, his life will end early enough, in 1937 Yuri will be shot, and as it turns out later, on false charges brought against him.

After the birth of his son, Sergei Alexandrovich leaves work in a trading house.

At the beginning of the 15th year, Yesenin continues to be actively published in the magazines "Friend of the People", "Mirok", etc. He works free of charge as a secretary in a literary and musical circle, after which he becomes a member of the editorial commission, but leaves it due to disagreements with other members of the commission on the selection of materials for the magazine "Friend of the People". In February, his first well-known article on the literary theme "Yaroslavna cry" is published in the journal "Women's Life".

In March of the same year, during a trip to Petrograd, Yesenin met Alexander Blok, to whom he read his poems in his apartment. After that, he actively acquaints many famous and respected people of that time with his work, along the way making profitable acquaintances with them, among them Dobrovolsky A.A., Rozhdestvensky V.A. Sologub F.K. and many others. As a result, Yesenin's poems were published in a number of magazines, which contributed to the growth of his popularity.

In 1916, Sergei entered the military service and in the same year published a collection of poems "Radunitsa", which made him famous. The poet began to be invited to speak before the Empress in Tsarskoye Selo. At one of these performances, she gives him a gold watch with a chain, on which the state coat of arms was depicted.

Zinaida Reich

In 1917, while in the editorial office of Delo Naroda, Yesenin met the assistant secretary, Zinaida Reich, a woman of a very good mind who spoke several languages ​​and typescript. The love between them did not arise at first sight. It all started with walks around Petrograd with their mutual friend Alexei Ganin. Initially, they were competitors and at some point a friend was even considered a favorite, until Yesenin confessed his love to Zinaida, after a short hesitation, she reciprocated, it was immediately decided to get married.

At that moment, young people experienced serious financial problems. They solved the problem of money with the help of Reich's parents, sending them a telegram asking them to send them funds for the wedding. No questions asked, the money was received. The young people got married in a small church, Yesenin picked wild flowers and made a wedding bouquet out of them. Their friend Ganin acted as a witness.

However, from the very beginning, their marriage went wrong, on their wedding night, Yesenin learns that his beloved wife was not innocent, and had already shared a bed with someone before him. This touched the poet deeply. At that moment, blood surged in Sergey, and a deep resentment settled in his heart. After returning to Petrograd, they began to live separately, and only two weeks later, after a trip to her parents, they begin to live together.

Perhaps, being reinsured, Yesenin forces his wife to leave work from the editorial office, and like any woman of that time, she had to obey, since by that time the financial situation of the family had improved, because Sergei Alexandrovich had already become a famous poet with good fees. And Zinaida decided to get a job as a typist in the People's Commissariat.

For some time, a family idyll was established between the spouses. There were many guests in their house, Sergei arranged receptions for them, he really liked the role of a respectable host. But it was at this moment that problems began to appear that greatly changed the poet. He was overcome by jealousy, to this were added problems with alcohol. Once, having discovered a gift from an unknown admirer, he made a scandal, while obscenely insulting Zinaida, they later reconciled, but they could not return to their previous relationship. Their quarrels began to occur more and more often, with mutual insults.

After the family moved to Moscow, the problems did not go away, but, on the contrary, intensified, that homeliness disappeared, the friends who supported it, instead, the four walls of a seedy hotel room. To all this was added a quarrel with his wife about the birth of children, after which she decided to leave the capital and go to Orel to her parents. Yesenin drowned out the bitterness of parting with alcohol.

In the summer of 1918, their daughter was born, who was named Tatyana. But the birth of a child did not help strengthen the relationship between Yesenin and Reich. Due to rare meetings, the girl did not become attached to her father at all, and in this he saw the “intrigues” of his mother. Sergei Aleksandrovich himself believed that his marriage had already ended then, but officially it lasted for several more years. In 1919, the poet made attempts to renew relations and even sent money to Zinaida.

Reich decided to return to the capital, but the relationship again did not stick. Then Zinaida decided to take everything into her own hands and, without the consent of her husband, give birth to a second child. This became a fatal mistake. In February 1920, their son is born, but not at the birth, nor after them, the poet is not present. The name of the boy is chosen during a telephone conversation, they stop at Konstantin. Yesenin met his son on the train when he and Reich accidentally crossed paths in one of the cities. In 1921, their marriage was officially annulled.

Imagism

In 1918, Yesenin met Anatoly Mariengof, one of the founders of Imagism. Over time, the poet will join this movement. During the period of passion for this direction, he will write a number of collections, including Treryadnitsa, Poems of a Brawler, Confessions of a Hooligan, Moscow Tavern, and the poem Pugachev.

Yesenin greatly helped the formation of Imagism in the literature of the Silver Age. Due to participation in the actions of the Imagists, he was arrested. At the same time, he had a conflict with Lunacharsky, who was dissatisfied with his work.

Isadora Duncan

Two days before receiving an official divorce from Zinaida Reich, at one of the evenings in the house of the artist Yakulov, Yesenin met the famous dancer Isadora Duncan, who came to open her dance school in our country. She did not know Russian, her vocabulary consisted of only a couple of dozen words, but this did not prevent the poet from falling in love with the dancer at first sight and receiving a passionate kiss from her on the same day.

By the way, Duncan was 18 years older than her boyfriend. But neither the language barrier nor the age difference prevented Yesenin from moving to the mansion on Prechistenka, where the dancer lived.

Soon Duncan was no longer satisfied with the way her career was developing in the Soviet Union, and she decided to return to her homeland - to the United States. Isadora wanted Sergei to follow her, but bureaucratic procedures prevented this. Yesenin had problems getting a visa, and in order to get it, they decided to get married.

The very process of marriage took place in the Khamovnichesky registry office of the city of Moscow. On the eve of this, Isadora asked to correct the year of her birth, so as not to embarrass her future husband, he agreed.

On May 2, the marriage ceremony took place, in the same month the couple left the Soviet Union and went on tour Yesenina-Duncan (both spouses took this surname) first to Western Europe, after which they were supposed to go to the USA.

The relationship of the newlyweds did not develop from the very beginning of the trip. Yesenin got used to a special attitude in Russia and to his popularity, they immediately perceived him as the wife of the great dancer Duncan.

In Europe, the poet again has problems with alcohol and jealousy. Quite drunk, Sergei began to insult his wife, roughly grabbing, sometimes beating. Once Isadora even had to call the police to calm down the raging Yesenin. Each time, after quarrels and beatings, Duncan forgave Yesenin, but this not only did not cool his ardor, but, on the contrary, warmed him up. The poet began to speak contemptuously about his wife among friends.

In August 1923, Yesenin and his wife returned to Moscow, but even here their relationship did not go well. And already in October, he sends a telegram to Duncan about the final break in their relationship.

Final years and death

After parting with Isadora Duncan, Yesenin's life slowly rolled downhill. Regular alcohol consumption, nervous breakdowns caused by the poet's public persecution in the press, constant arrests and interrogations, all this greatly undermined the poet's health.

In November 1925, he was even admitted to the Moscow State University clinic for patients with nervous disorders. Over the past 5 years of his life, 13 criminal cases were brought against Sergei Yesenin, some of which were fabricated, for example, charges of anti-Semitism, and the other part was related to hooliganism on alcohol grounds.

Yesenin's work during this period of his life became more philosophical, he rethinks many things. The poems of this time are filled with musicality and light. The death of his friend Alexander Shiryaevts in 1924 encourages him to see the good in simple things. Such changes help the poet to resolve the intrapersonal conflict.

Personal life was also far from ideal. After parting with Duncan, Yesenin settled with Galina Benislavskaya, who had feelings for the poet. Galina loved Sergey very much, but he did not appreciate this, he constantly drank, made scenes. Benislavskaya, on the other hand, forgave everything, every day she was nearby, pulled him out of various taverns, where drinking companions soldered the poet at his own expense. But this union did not last long. Having left for the Caucasus, Yesenin marries Tolstoy's granddaughter, Sophia. Having learned this, Benislavskaya goes to the physio-dietary sanatorium named after. Semashko with a nervous breakdown. Later, after the death of the poet, she committed suicide on his grave. In her suicide note, she wrote that Yesenin's grave contains all the most precious things in her life.

In March 1925, Yesenin met Sofya Tolstaya (Leo Tolstoy's granddaughter) at one of the evenings in the house of Galina Benislavskaya, where many poets gathered. Sofya came along with Boris Pilnyak and stayed there until late in the evening. Yesenin volunteered to see her off, but instead they walked for a long time around Moscow at night. After Sophia admitted that this meeting decided her fate and gave the greatest love of her life. She fell in love with him at first sight.

After this walk, Yesenin often began to appear in the Tolstoy house, and already in June 1925 he moved to Pomerantsevy Lane to Sofya. Once, walking along one of the boulevards, they met a gypsy with a parrot, who predicted their wedding, while the parrot took out a copper ring during fortune-telling, Yesenin immediately presented it to Sofya. She was extremely happy with this ring and wore it for the rest of her life.

On September 18, 1925, Sergei Alexandrovich enters into his last marriage, which will not last very long. Sophia was glad, like a little girl, Yesenin was also glad, boasting that he had married the granddaughter of Leo Tolstoy. But the relatives of Sofya Andreevna were not very happy with her choice. Immediately after the wedding, the poet's constant binges, leaving home, spree and hospitals continued, but Sophia fought to the last for her beloved.

In the autumn of the same year, a long binge ended with Yesenin's hospitalization in a psychiatric hospital, where he spent a month. After his release, Tolstaya wrote to her relatives so that they would not condemn him, because in spite of everything she loves him, and he makes her happy.

After leaving the psychiatric hospital, Sergei leaves Moscow for Leningrad, where he settles in the Angleterre Hotel. He meets with a number of writers, including Klyuev, Ustinov, Pribludny and others. And on the night of December 27-28, according to the official version of the investigation, he commits suicide by hanging himself on a central heating pipe with a rope. His suicide note read: "Goodbye my friend, goodbye."

The investigating authorities refused to open a criminal case, citing the depressive state of the poet. However, many experts, both of that time and contemporaries, are inclined to the version of Yesenin's violent death. These doubts arose because of an incorrectly drawn up act of examining the place of suicide. Independent experts found traces of violent death on the body: scratches and cuts that were not taken into account.

When analyzing the documents of those years, other inconsistencies were also discovered, for example, that one cannot hang oneself on a vertical pipe. The commission created in 1989, after conducting a serious investigation, came to the conclusion that the poet's death was natural - from strangulation, refuting all the speculation that was very popular in the 70s in the Soviet Union.

After the autopsy, Yesenin's body was taken by train from Leningrad to Moscow, where on December 31, 1925 the poet was buried at the Vagankovsky cemetery. At the time of his death, he was only 30 years old. They said goodbye to Yesenin in the Moscow Press House, thousands of people came there, despite the December frosts. The grave is still there, and anyone can visit it.

The verses of this great poet have a special melody. They flow like a song, and in every line one can feel great love for one's native places. What a pity that he left us so young! After all, how many soulful and sincere works he could still create!

Yesenin's biography is short, but very rich. He seemed to be in a hurry to live, anticipating that he did not have much time. The future poet with a subtle and very vulnerable soul was born in the Ryazan province on September 21, 1895. The peasants were his parents, but from early childhood he was brought up by his grandfather, his mother's father. He was prosperous, enterprising and very smart, he loved church books. He instilled in the boy a love for his native nature and art.

Sergei Yesenin: a short biography

The poet's education consisted of four classes of a rural school, a church teacher's school in Spas-Klepiki. In 1912 he moved to Moscow, where he got a job. Yesenin's biography is a short story about an active life, about following a dream. Along with work in a bookstore, printing house, he is engaged in a literary and musical circle, attends lectures.

Publications of the young poet appeared in Moscow publications in 1914. A year later, already in Petrograd, he met the best poets of that time: A. Blok. He was enthusiastically accepted into the literary environment of the then capital. And in 1916, "Radunitsa" was published - the first collection of Sergei. Yesenin, whose brief biography is considered in this article, served in the tsarist army. But even then he continued to publish his poems and poems.

Yesenin's biography: a brief history of personal life

It is worth noting that women have always paid attention to a handsome guy who knew how to speak lyrical and beautiful words. He had a common-law wife, Anna Izryadnova, who gave birth to his son Yuri, from 1917 to 1921 Yesenin was married to actress Zinaida Nikolaevna Reich, from whom he had a son and daughter, as well as to a famous dancer. There were women with whom he had a close friendship, short term relationship. But none of them could save the poet from depression and loneliness.

Working hard on poems, Yesenin traveled a lot around Russia and the world. His last family with Sophia Tolstaya, the granddaughter of the great writer, fell apart very quickly, as Sergei was constantly leaving, running away from himself and from the authorities. But the woman devoted her entire future life to the memory of the poet, collecting information about him, his works, and writing her memoirs.

The mysterious death of a poet

Yesenin's biography is short: it ended in the thirtieth year of his life. On that cold December morning (and the poet died on December 28, 1925), he was found hanged in the hotel room of the Leningrad institution Angleterre. The fatal noose was attached to the pipe. The consequence came to a consensus: suicide, especially since Yesenin had been treated in a mental hospital a week earlier. Much later, however, suggestions were made about the deliberate murder of the poet. But how it actually happened is not known for certain. And the establishment of historical truth will not return the most talented person, albeit with a completely unsweetened character. Yesenin's last refuge was a piece of land in Moscow.

S.A. Yesenin is a poet who lived a very short life, only 30 years old. But over the years, he wrote hundreds of beautiful poems, many "small" poems and large epic works, artistic prose, as well as an extensive epistolary heritage, which included the reflections of S.A. Yesenin about spiritual life, philosophy and religion, Russia and the revolution, the poet's responses to the events of the cultural life of Russia and foreign countries, reflections on the greatest works of world literature. “It’s not in vain that I live ...,” wrote Sergei Yesenin in 1914. His bright and impetuous life left a deep mark both in the history of Russian literature and in the heart of every person.

S.A. was born Yesenin on October 3, 1895 in the village of Konstantinovo, Kuzminskaya volost, Ryazan province, in a family of peasants - Alexander Nikitich and Tatyana Fedorovna Yesenin. In one of his autobiographies, the poet wrote: “I started writing poetry at the age of 9, they learned to read at 5” (vol. 7, p. 15). Education S.A. Yesenin began in his native village, graduating from the Konstantinovsky Zemstvo 4-year school (1904-1909). In 1911 he entered the "Second Class Teacher's School" (1909-1912). By 1912, the writing of the poem "The Tale of Evpatiy Kolovrat, of Batu Khan, the Three-Handed Flower, of the Black Idol and Our Savior Jesus Christ", as well as the preparation of a book of poems "Sick Thoughts" dates back to 1912.

In July 1912 S.A. Yesenin moves to Moscow. Here he settles at Bolshoy Strochenovsky lane, house 24 (now the Moscow State Museum of S.A. Yesenin). The young poet was full of strength and desire to express himself. It was in Moscow that the first known publication by S.A. took place in the children's magazine Mirok. Yesenin - the poem "Birch" under the pseudonym "Ariston". The poet also published in the magazines Protalinka, Milky Way, and Niva.

In March 1913, he went to work in the printing house of the I.D. Sytin as assistant proofreader. In the printing house he met Anna Romanovna Izryadnova, with whom he entered into a civil marriage in the fall of 1913. This year the poet is working on the poem "Tosca" and the dramatic poem "Prophet", the texts of which are unknown.

During his stay in Moscow, S.A. Yesenin enters as a volunteer at the historical and philosophical department of the People's University named after A.L. Shanyavsky, but also listens to lectures on the history of Russian literature read by Yu.I. Aikhenwald, P.N. Sakulin. Professor P.N. The young poet brought his poems to Sakulin, wanting to hear his opinion. The scientist especially highly appreciated the poem “The scarlet light of dawn weaved out on the lake ...”.
S.A. Yesenin took part in meetings of the Surikov literary and musical circle, officially established in 1905. However, the literary situation in Moscow seemed insufficiently saturated to the young poet; he believed that success could be achieved in Petrograd. In 1915 S.A. Yesenin leaves Moscow. Arriving in the northern capital, the poet goes to Alexander Blok, hoping for his support. The meeting of the two poets took place on March 15, 1915 and left a deep mark on everyone's life. In his 1925 autobiography, S.A. Yesenin wrote: “When I looked at Blok, sweat dripped from me, because for the first time I saw a living poet” (vol. 7, p. 19). A.A. Blok left a positive review of the poems by S.A. Yesenin: "Poems are fresh, clean, vociferous." Blok introduced the young poet to the literary environment of Petrograd, introducing him to famous poets (S.M. Gorodetsky, N.A. Klyuev, Z.N. Gippius, D.S. Merezhkovsky, etc.), publishers. Poems by S.A. Yesenin is published in St. Petersburg magazines ("Voice of Life", "Monthly Journal", "Chronicle"), the poet is invited to literary salons. A particularly important and joyful event for the poet is the publication of his first collection of poems, Radunitsa (1916).

In 1917, the poet marries Z.N. Reich.

The poet initially enthusiastically welcomes the revolution that took place in 1917, hoping that the time of "peasant's paradise" is coming. But it cannot be said that the poet's attitude to the revolution was unambiguous. He understands that the ongoing changes are taking the lives of many thousands of people. In the poem "Mare Ships" S.A. Yesenin writes: “With oars of severed hands / You are rowing to the land of the future.” (vol. 2, p. 77). By 1917-1918. refers to the work of the poet on the works "Father", "Coming", "Transfiguration", "Inonia".

The year 1918 is connected in the life of S.A. Yesenin with Moscow. Here, together with the poets A.B. Mariengof, V.G. Shershenevich, A.B. Kusikov, I.V. Gruzinov, he founded the literary movement of the Imagists, from the English word "image" - image. The poetry of the Imagists is filled with complex, metaphorical images.

However, S.A. Yesenin did not accept some of the provisions of his "fellow writers." He was sure that a poem cannot be just a "catalog of images", the image must be meaningful. The poet defends the meaning, the harmony of the image in the article “Life and Art”.
The highest manifestation of his Imagism S.A. Yesenin called the poem "Pugachev", on which he worked in 1920-1921. The poem was highly appreciated by Russian and foreign readers.

In the autumn of 1921 in the studio of the artist G.B. Yakulova S.A. Yesenin meets the American dancer Isadora Duncan, with whom he married on May 2, 1922. Together with his wife S.A. Yesenin traveled through Europe and America. During his stay abroad, S.A. Yesenin is working on the "Moscow Tavern" cycle, the dramatic poem "Country of Scoundrels", the first edition of the poem "The Black Man". In Paris in 1922, the book Confessions of a Hooligan was published in French, and in Berlin in 1923, Poems of a Brawler. The poet returned to Moscow in August 1923.
In the late period of creativity (1923-1925) S.A. Yesenin is experiencing a creative take-off. The true masterpiece of the poet's lyrics is the cycle "Persian Motifs", written by S.A. Yesenin during a trip to the Caucasus. Also in the Caucasus, the lyric-epic poem "Anna Snegina" and the philosophical poem "Flowers" were written. The birth of many poetic masterpieces was witnessed by the wife of the poet S.A. Tolstaya, with whom he married in 1925. During these years, "The Poem of 36", "The Song of the Great Campaign", the books "Moscow Tavern", "Birch Calico", the collection "On Russia and the Revolution" were published. Creativity S.A. Yesenin of the late period is distinguished by a special, philosophical character. The poet looks back at his life path, reflects on the meaning of life, tries to comprehend the events that changed the history of his Motherland, to find his place in the new Russia. Often the poet reflected on death. Having finished work on the poem "The Black Man" and sending it to his friend, P.I. Chagin, S.A. Yesenin wrote to him: “I am sending you the Black Man. Read and think, what are we fighting for, lying down in bed? .. "

Life S.A. Yesenina ended in St. Petersburg, on the night of December 27-28, 1925. The poet was buried in Moscow at the Vagankovsky cemetery.

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