Motor ship Evgeniy Preobrazhensky. Generals. Beginning of a military career

The Great Patriotic War demanded from the people the greatest effort and enormous sacrifices on a national scale, revealing the fortitude and courage of the Soviet people, the ability to sacrifice themselves in the name of freedom and independence of the Motherland. During the war years, heroism became widespread and became the norm of behavior of Soviet people. Thousands of soldiers and officers immortalized their names during the defense of the Brest Fortress, Odessa, Sevastopol, Kiev, Leningrad, Novorossiysk, in the battle of Moscow, Stalingrad, Kursk, in the North Caucasus, the Dnieper, in the foothills of the Carpathians, during the storming of Berlin and in other battles.

For heroic deeds in the Great Patriotic War, over 11 thousand people were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union (some posthumously), of which 104 were awarded twice, three three times. Among the Heroes and twice Heroes of the Soviet Union, the majority were pilots. At the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, in July 1941, the first to be awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union were young pilots of the 158th Fighter Aviation Regiment, junior lieutenants S.I. Zdorovtsev and P.T. Kharitonov, who rammed German bombers near Leningrad, and junior lieutenant M.P. Zhukov, who managed to shoot down several German planes.

Smashing the fascists, defending the freedom and independence of the Motherland, Soviet pilots showed massive heroism throughout the war. Our pilots put up heroic resistance against an experienced, technically superior enemy in the initial period of the war, and in August 1941 they began bombing Berlin and other German cities. The first air raid on Berlin was led by our fellow countryman, Colonel Evgeniy Nikolaevich Preobrazhensky. This year marks the 105th anniversary of the birth of Evgeniy Nikolaevich. Our story is about him today.

Evgeniy Nikolaevich Preobrazhensky was born on June 22 (9 according to the old style) 1909 in the village of Volokoslavinskoye, Kirillovsky district. Evgeniy's parents were teachers: his mother, Anna Dmitrievna, taught Russian, his father, Nikolai Alexandrovich, a chemistry teacher, worked as a school director. Nikolai Alexandrovich was a deeply religious person, so Evgeniy was brought up in Orthodox traditions: in his character, gentleness and good nature coexisted with firmness and determination.

After graduating from a rural school, Evgeniy studied at the Cherepovets Pedagogical College. In 1927, from the third year of technical school, he was called up to serve in the Navy on a Komsomol ticket. Then he entered the Naval Aviation School in Sevastopol, from which he graduated in 1930. Commanded various aviation units.

In the mid-1930s, in his native village E.N. Preobrazhensky, dramatic events occurred: his father was arrested. Nikolai Alexandrovich did not approve of the policies of the Soviet government and protested against the closure of the rural church. In this regard, Evgeniy Nikolaevich also experienced difficulties in his service: he was on the verge of dismissal from the Armed Forces. Preobrazhensky was saved only by the fact that he was one of the most highly qualified and unique specialists in military aviation.

During the Soviet-Finnish War (November 30, 1939 - March 13, 1940), the Preobrazhensky military air unit bombed enemy communications, its coastal bases, ports and airfields. For military merits, courage and heroism, our fellow countryman was awarded the Order of Lenin in January 1940. In June 1940, E.N. Preobrazhensky was appointed commander of the air regiment of the Baltic Fleet. At the same time, Evgeniy Nikolaevich met personally with the People's Commissar of the Navy N.G. Kuznetsov. Nikolai Gerasimovich asked the awarded pilot for his father in the highest authorities. Thanks to this intercession, the incredible happened: N.A., who passed through the dungeons of the NKVD. Preobrazhensky was released. When Nikolai Alexandrovich returned home, he could not walk for a long time.

On June 22, 1941, the commander of the 1st bomber mine-torpedo aviation regiment of the 8th air brigade of the Baltic Fleet, Colonel E.N. Preobrazhensky met at his airfield in the Baltic states. This unit was staffed mainly by experienced naval pilots, but was used in the first days of the war mainly in the land theater of operations, since the army command was practically left without its aviation. The regiment, commanded by Preobrazhensky, already at the end of June 1941 launched the first strikes on the airfields of Nazi Germany’s ally, Finland, where Nazi aviation units were concentrated. The situation was difficult. Enemy troops gained a real opportunity to attack Leningrad from the southwest, and also created a serious threat to the Red Banner Baltic Fleet. Therefore, Preobrazhensky’s regiment carried out several attacks on German tank units, motorized infantry and manpower in the Daugavpils area, laid minefields near enemy ports and bases, and participated in covering the troops of the Luga operational group in the Leningrad area.

Having taken command of the regiment, E.N. Preobrazhensky simultaneously headed a special group created from five aviation squadrons of the 1st mine-torpedo air regiment.

At the end of July 1941, the Germans carried out their first air raid on Moscow. On July 30, 1941, the commander of the Navy aviation, Lieutenant General of Aviation S.F., arrived at the location of the Preobrazhensky regiment. Zhavoronkov. He expressed the idea of bombing the fascist capital in order to refute the claims of Nazi propaganda that Soviet aviation had already ceased to exist.

E.N. Preobrazhensky, together with the regiment's flagship navigator P.I. Khokhlov began developing a plan for a raid on Berlin. (Photo 1) Later, Aviation Lieutenant General Pyotr Ilyich Khokhlov recalled the background to the flight to Berlin. At the end of July 1941, E.N. Preobrazhensky and P.I. Khokhlov were in Leningrad, at the front air force headquarters, where they clarified the interaction between naval and land bomber aviation. “Returning to the unit at night, we came under an air raid alarm. I had to go under the arch of the nearest house. And here a conversation took place that left a bitter mark in the souls of the pilots. The old man standing nearby and the pilots, who did not want to go down to the shelter, watched the bombing of the city.

“How can you, pilots,” the old man said reproachfully, “allow the Nazis to bomb Leningrad?” Your place is not here, under the arch, but in the air. If you had even a drop of conscience and pride, you would arrange the same for them.

Evgeniy Nikolaevich tried to explain something, but the old man angrily turned around and went to the shelter.

Although the reproach against us was unfair, we returned home in a bad mood,” Khokhlov recalled. - Evgeniy Nikolaevich said then: “What a huge psychological impact night bombings have on people! Yes... Our bombers could cause panic in Berlin.” I agreed".

The idea of the possibility of bombing Berlin ripened every day. It was fueled by the hatred of the enemies that the pilots experienced when returning from combat missions and seeing how fascist attack aircraft at low level shot every living thing on the roads leading to Leningrad.

Considerations by E.N. Preobrazhensky and P.I. Khokhlov coincided with the Headquarters plan to strike the capital of Germany in response to the barbaric bombing of our cities by the Nazis.

Supreme Commander-in-Chief I.V. Stalin approved the proposal on the possibility of delivering such a strike by Baltic pilots, ordered everything to be worked out in detail and started to be carried out. The commander of the Navy Aviation, Lieutenant General of Aviation Semyon Fedorovich Zhavoronkov, was entrusted with leading the operation. Colonel E.N. was entrusted with the implementation of this daring plan. Preobrazhensky.

In early August 1941, Preobrazhensky’s special flight group secretly relocated from near Leningrad to one of the four largest islands of the Moonsund archipelago - the island of Saarema (Ezel). This was explained by the fact that from the Cahul airfield located on the island, the tactical radius of the DB-3f aircraft provided the possibility of bombing Berlin. At the same time, the capital of Nazi Germany could be reached not only taking into account the maximum range of the bombers of the air regiment, but also subject to flights only at night and only over the water surface.

An interesting detail: calculations about the possibility of flying our DB-3f bombers (since 1942, this main long-range bomber of the Soviet Air Force began to be called IL-4) from the Cahul airfield to Berlin were made by E.N. Preobrazhensky and P.I. Khokhlov even before the order of Headquarters followed. It turned out that the flight to Berlin and back, amounting to 1,760 kilometers, made it possible, in addition to fuel, to take up to a thousand kilograms of bombs. All this was subsequently calculated again and again, and on the evening of August 7, 1941, 13 aircraft in several groups headed for Berlin. The flight conditions were extremely difficult: when the planes rose to an altitude of 6,000 meters, the temperature in the cabin dropped to 38 degrees below zero, oxygen starvation appeared, but this could not prevent the pilots from completing their combat mission.

On the night of August 7–8, planes were over Berlin. The crews dispersed and began to reach targets. Flagship aircraft E.N. Preobrazhensky bombed the Stettin station, where military trains sent to the Eastern Front were concentrated. The remaining vehicles dropped 750-kilogram bombs on other military-industrial facilities of the fascist capital. The enemy's air defense was taken by surprise by the rapid strike of Soviet aviation. Only when the squadron of Soviet aircraft took the opposite course did the German anti-aircraft artillery open fire. Our crews skillfully maneuvered, escaping the beams of searchlights and zones of anti-aircraft fire. Around the flagship aircraft, 30 - 40 shells exploded at once. But none of them reached the goal, since the crew constantly used an anti-aircraft maneuver, changing the direction and altitude of the flight every 30 - 40 seconds. The thirty-minute flight to Stettin was not easy for our pilots. Fascist fighters went on a rampage in the air, trying at all costs to intercept Soviet bombers. And, probably, that’s why the gunner-radio operator of the flagship Krotenko hastily sent a radiogram to his airfield with the pre-agreed text: “My place is Berlin. Completed the task. I'm coming back." According to the instructions, the radiogram had to be transmitted when the crews went to sea. But the radio operator decided that if the plane was shot down, it would remain unknown whether the crew was over Berlin or not, was the plane shot down over the target or on the way to it?

Exactly 6 hours 50 minutes after departure, the planes began to land at their home airfield. And a few hours later I.V. Stalin congratulated the pilots on completing their combat mission. On the same day, August 8, the Supreme Commander-in-Chief signed order No. 0265 “On encouraging participants in the bombing of the city of Berlin.” It said: “On the night of August 7-8, a group of Baltic Fleet aircraft made a reconnaissance flight to Germany and bombed the city of Berlin. Five planes dropped bombs over the center of Berlin, and the rest on the outskirts of the city. I express my gratitude to the personnel of the aircraft participating in the flight. I am entering with a petition to the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR to reward those who have distinguished themselves. Give each crew member who participated in the flight 2 thousand rubles. From now on, it will be established that each crew member who dropped bombs on Berlin will be given 2 thousand rubles. The order was announced to the crews of the aircraft that participated in the first bombing of Berlin, and to all personnel of the 81st Long Range Air Division. People's Commissar of Defense I. Stalin.”

On the morning of August 8, German radio reported that the previous night 150 British planes had tried to storm the German capital. It was further said that a large group of aircraft was scattered on the approaches to the capital, but several dozen aircraft still broke through. Six of them were shot down and fell within the city. Fires started as a result of the bombing. The BBC London radio station immediately denied this report and announced that last night, that is, from August 7 to 8, due to poor meteorological conditions over the British Isles, English planes did not fly to Berlin. The report of six downed bombers caused extreme bewilderment in London.

And here is a message from a Soviet chronicle in 1941: “On August 8, the first raid on Berlin was made by a group of bombers from the Red Banner Baltic Fleet under the command of Colonel E.N. Preobrazhensky".

P.I. Khokhlov recalls: “We knew what was going on. Fascist propaganda did not want to admit that Soviet pilots bombed Berlin. On the same day, rallies were held at enterprises in Leningrad, where our operation was described. Comrade Zhdanov then called the Baltic Fleet aviation that flew to Berlin political aviation. This operation was widely commented on throughout the world. We were preparing for the next flight to the capital of the Reich.”

For carrying out this important military-tactical operation, on August 13, 1941, our fellow countryman was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union, with the Order of Lenin and the Gold Star medal (No. 530). By decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the title of Hero of the Soviet Union was awarded to P.I. Khokhlova. (Photo 2)

It so happened that August 7, the day of the first bombing of Berlin, became for Yevgeny Nikolaevich a day of celebration and a day of tragedy at the same time: on this day his father, Nikolai Alexandrovich, was buried. ON THE. Preobrazhensky died suddenly of a heart attack on August 5, 1941 while fishing in a boat. (Photo 3) The father did not have time to learn about the successful completion of the risky and daring operation that his son carried out. Just a few days after the first bombing of Berlin, all printed publications of the Soviet Union wrote about this feat. An open letter from the district leadership to the Hero’s mother, Anna Dmitrievna Preobrazhenskaya, was published in the Kirillov newspaper “Leninskoe Znamya” dated August 21, 1941. It said: “The entire Soviet people loves your son and is grateful to you for instilling in Evgeniy Nikolaevich courage, will, and love for the Motherland. Courage and ability to lead combat operations ensures him success after success for the benefit of the Motherland.” (Photo 4)

For a whole month, planes from the E.N. Preobrazhensky carried out raids on Berlin. In total, Colonel Preobrazhensky's air group stormed Berlin 10 times, almost 90 long-range bombers took part in the raids. (Photo 5) Flights stopped only after, on Hitler’s personal order, the airfield in Cahul was completely destroyed by the superior forces of German aviation from Army Group North.

The glorious exploits of the pilots of the Preobrazhensky regiment were remembered even after the Victory. The daily newspaper of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet Air Force “Baltic Pilot” wrote on January 18, 1946: “Since then, the capital of Germany no longer dared to turn on the lights on its streets in the evenings. Preobrazhensky's bombs were the first harbingers of inexorable defeat. He was the first to put out the lights of Berlin." Years later, the German writer Olaf Greller wrote: “What had never been possible before and no one else would be able to do until 1945 was accomplished by Preobrazhensky’s pilots: they took the fascist air defense by surprise, the strongest and most equipped it had ever been in 1941.” . But all these reviews will appear later, but for now the Great Patriotic War was only at the very beginning, and the commander of the 1st bomber mine-torpedo aviation regiment Preobrazhensky carried out difficult service.

When carrying out combat missions, Evgeniy Nikolaevich more than once found himself in difficult situations, but always emerged victorious. During the second raid on Berlin, one engine of the plane he was piloting failed shortly after takeoff from the airfield. The entire flight from the very sea was accompanied by fire from German anti-aircraft guns. The route was difficult to navigate. But the regiment commander did not retreat from the goal. He flew the plane to Berlin and accurately dropped the bomb load. He walked back alone, lagging behind the group. A TASS report dated August 9, 1941 about the second raid on Berlin indicated that one plane did not return to the airfield and was wanted. It was Preobrazhensky's plane. But he returned to his airfield! (Photo 6)

During a daytime raid on the Finnish city of Turku, our fellow countryman’s plane came under heavy anti-aircraft fire. A group of enemy fighters rushed towards the vehicle, damaged by direct hits and shell fragments. Preobrazhensky did not leave, but attacked the nearest vulture head-on. The enemies could not withstand the unexpected attack and scattered in different directions.

In the first winter of the war, Preobrazhensky and his fighting friend Khokhlov faced another difficult test: they had to fly a plane with a damaged engine. Navigator Khokhlov dropped the bombs exactly on target. The combat mission was completed. But the plane did not return home. I had to sit down in a swamp, far from Soviet troops. For four days without food, in severe frost, drowning in snow, the pilots made their way to their own. And they made their way... (Photo 7)

After our troops left the city of Tallinn on August 28, the supply of aviation fuel and ammunition to the island of Saarema stopped. On September 5, 1941, the group of E.N. Preobrazhensky, which had only a few serviceable aircraft left, was ordered to relocate to the main airfield. The heavy defense of Leningrad began. The regiment carried out powerful bomb attacks on enemy batteries shelling the city, destroyed military equipment and manpower on the battlefield, and sank warships in the Gulf of Finland and the Baltic Sea. Pyotr Ilyich Khokhlov noted that there was not a single port, not a single naval base in the Gulf of Finland and the Baltic Sea, as well as not a single railway junction, airfield, or important military installation of the enemy, where the 1st Army was not operating at that difficult time. mine and torpedo aviation regiment led by its famous commander. (Photo 8) “Evgeny Nikolaevich,” wrote Khokhlov, “with his personal example, he carried the flight crew into battle. If ordinary flight crews carried out, for example, two sorties per day, then he and his crew tried to make three sorties and said at the same time that our subordinates made two sorties, and we, the leaders, must set an example both in the number of sorties and in success of their implementation."

E.N. Preobrazhensky was an example in everything for his pilots. During the difficult days of the siege of Leningrad, when the norm for food distribution was extremely reduced for the flight personnel, the regiment commander always ate with the entire flight crew, not allowing the cook to make an exception for himself. “During lunch in the dining room,” noted P.I. Khokhlov, - if he saw hungry children looking out the windows, then he gave half of his ration of bread to them. At the same time, he constantly said: “For all this suffering of children, the Nazis deserve the most severe death.” His love for children was also expressed in the fact that he gave permission to transport Leningrad children weakened from hunger on passing combat aircraft going for repairs to rear airfields. One can imagine the depth of the tragedy of that time, when a teacher, who became a professional pilot, was forced to give permission to transport completely exhausted children in wounded cars.

About the heroism of the regiment pilots E.N. Preobrazhensky says the following facts. It is known that on the fifth day of the war, near the Belarusian village of Deksheni, the commander of the squadron of the 207th regiment, Captain Nikolai Gastello, sent his burning plane to a concentration of enemy military equipment. In the same 1941, Gastello’s feat was repeated by Preobrazhensky pilots: captain Vasily Alekseevich Grechishnikov, bomber commander of the 1st mine-torpedo regiment of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet Air Force, Hero of the Soviet Union, participant in the first flight of our aviation to Berlin, who bombed the fascist capital nine times; senior lieutenant, navigator Alexander Ivanovich Vlasov; co-pilot Matvey Potapovich Semenkov; Red Navy man, air gunner Nikolai Burakov. On October 24, 1941, this crew, in a burning bomber, attacked enemy troops moving towards Leningrad, in the area of the village of Gruzino.

For the exceptional courage and heroism of the personnel, the mine and torpedo aviation regiment, commanded by Preobrazhensky, was the first in the fleet to be awarded the title of Guards; this was recognition of the merits of both the pilots and the commander.

At the beginning of 1942, the Military Council of the Front granted the famous pilot a short-term leave to his homeland, where at that time his mother and his wife and children evacuated from Leningrad lived. Evgeniy Nikolaevich, in the two days allotted to him, met with his family, students of the Kirillovsky secondary school, took part in the work of the plenum of the district party committee, pleased his family and comrades by playing the button accordion, given to him by the masters of the Northern Handicraftsman artel. Old master of the harmonious artel A.M. Panov, admonishing the famous pilot, said: “Beat harder than the fascists, Evgeny, remember: the Vologda people have always been worthy defenders of the Motherland. I give you an accordion made by us. The button accordion is also a weapon, and let the pilots play songs on it, it’s easier to fight with songs.” Subsequently, this button accordion decorated with mother-of-pearl inlay - a gift from fellow countrymen - became an exhibit of the Central Naval Museum of the USSR.

In August 1942, E.N. Preobrazhensky headed the 8th air brigade of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet. And in this position he established himself as one of the best air force commanders.

In the winter of 1942, the Soviet Supreme High Command developed and carried out an operation to break the blockade of Leningrad. Aviation of the Red Banner Baltic Fleet took an active part in ensuring the breakthrough. The torpedo-carrying aircraft of the formation, whose chief of staff was Preobrazhensky, also unleashed an avalanche of fire and steel on the enemy. It supported the attack of shock troops, suppressed enemy artillery and mortar batteries, destroyed strongholds, and destroyed enemy aircraft in the air and at airfields. Bombers literally hung over the Nazi troops.

In the spring of 1943, the formation of E.N. Preobrazhensky participated in raids on Konigsberg, Tilsit, Insterburg. The torpedo-carrying regiments were tasked with destroying the network barrier with bombs and torpedoes and creating passages for submarines to enter the Baltic Sea. At the same time, the planes attacked transport in the Gulf of Riga, made long flights and hunted for enemy ships and transports.

In April 1943, Evgeniy Nikolaevich again visited his homeland. His arrival this time was unusual. He landed the plane right on the lake. During a short vacation, the famous pilot met with his fellow villagers, spoke about the military affairs of aviation, and called on the working people to work even harder in the name of victory over fascism.

The team of the “Northern Handicraftsman” artel presented a button accordion as a gift to their brave fellow countryman. Among his friends, he “tried out” the gift and did not part with it until the end of the war. Then, in April 1943, E.N. Preobrazhensky was appointed chief of staff of the Northern Fleet Air Force.

The Preobrazhensky pilots performed many military feats in 1944. In January, they carried out hundreds of attacks on enemy resistance centers and defensive lines near Leningrad. The enemy blockade of the hero city was finally eliminated.

On March 31, 1944, by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Major General Preobrazhensky was awarded the Order of Suvorov, II degree, “for skillful and courageous leadership of combat operations.” Since September 1944, he served as acting commander of the Northern Fleet Air Force. While in this post, E.N. Preobrazhensky made a great contribution to the protection of his own and allied communications, and proved himself to be a talented leader of the flight crew during the Petsamo-Kirkenes operation, carried out in October 1944 with the aim of expelling the Nazi occupiers from the Arctic.

In 1945, according to the plans of combat operations, in the development of which E. N. Preobrazhensky participated, the Baltic Fleet aviation launched powerful attacks on the enemy’s ports and other military installations. 96 transport ships, two battleships, three destroyers, a submarine and six patrol ships were sunk. The German flag in the Baltic Sea was essentially bled dry.

Since April 1945, our fellow countryman became the first deputy commander of the Pacific Fleet Air Force. Under his leadership, in August 1945, airborne landings were carried out in Port Arthur (Lüshun) and Dairen (Dalian). Since February 1946, E.N. Preobrazhensky commanded the Air Force of the Pacific Fleet, and from February 1950 he headed the aviation of the USSR Navy. (Photo 9) While in this position for eleven years, Evgeniy Nikolaevich did a lot of work on the development and improvement of Navy aviation. In 1951, he was awarded the military rank of Colonel General of Aviation. (Photo 10) In 1962, Colonel General E.N. Preobrazhensky was appointed military consultant to the Group of Inspectors General of the USSR Ministry of Defense.

Evgeniy Nikolaevich died on October 29, 1963, and was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow. There is an obelisk on his grave, the bas-relief of which depicts steep sea waves under a blue sky. This is a symbol of the friendship of a brave man with the sky and sea. (Photo 11,12)

Merits of E.N. Preobrazhensky before the Motherland are highly appreciated by the state. He was awarded three Orders of Lenin, five Orders of the Red Banner, Order of Suvorov II degree, the Red Star, many medals, as well as the Order of the DPRK.

The name of the Hero was assigned to the 33rd Center for Combat Use and Retraining of Naval Aviation Flight Personnel. One of the seiners of the Kaliningrad trawl fleet base and the TU-142M aircraft of the Vologda garrison Fedotovo were named in his honor. On the building of Cherepovets State University, in honor of E.N. Preobrazhensky, a memorial plaque was installed. Name E.N. Preobrazhensky is worn on the streets in Cherepovets, Kirillov, Vologda Region, Vsevolozhsk, Leningrad Region, Pestovo, Novgorod Region, Svetlogorsk, Kaliningrad Region.

In the village of Volokoslavinskoye, Kirillovsky district, Vologda region, a bust of the Hero was erected in 1975, and the school where Evgeniy Nikolaevich studied was named after him. (Photo 13) A museum of E.N. was organized at the school. Preobrazhensky, which has accumulated a wealth of material about this man over many years. During the existence of the school museum, several generations of students were involved in local history and research activities. Their works have been repeatedly recognized as the best at regional local history conferences. Of course, the main exhibits of the museum are associated with the feat of E.N. Preobrazhensky and the history of the 1st mine and torpedo regiment. During the years of the Great Patriotic War, 33 pilots out of 128 average number of regimental flight personnel were awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Four crews of this regiment sent their burning planes to a concentration of fascist troops and equipment.

The efforts of teachers and students of the Volokoslavinsky school aimed at preserving and developing the school museum do not go unnoticed. For the creation and further fruitful work of this museum, the former director of the Volokoslavinsky school V.D. Makina and the public director of the museum V.A. Makin in 2009 were awarded the “90 Years of Russian Naval Aviation” medals.

June 2009 marked the hundredth anniversary of the birth of E.N. Preobrazhensky. Ceremonial events dedicated to this significant date were held in Moscow, Vologda and many other cities, one way or another connected with his name. On June 22, official events were held in Moscow dedicated to the 100th anniversary of the Hero of the Soviet Union, Colonel General of Aviation E.N. Preobrazhensky. Assistant to the head of the district A.N. took part in them. Ivanov. Alexey Nikolaevich together with acting the head of the representative office of the Vologda region in Moscow and officers of the Russian Navy aviation headquarters laid flowers at the grave of the famous fellow countryman at the Novodevichy cemetery, as well as soil brought to Moscow specially from the house of E.N. Preobrazhensky in the village. Volokoslavinsky. On this day, a rally was held at the building of the Russian Navy Aviation Headquarters and the opening of a memorial plaque perpetuating the memory of the feat of E.N. Preobrazhensky and his services to the Motherland.

On the same day in Kirillov, at house number 6 on Preobrazhenskogo Street, a memorial plaque was unveiled. At the meeting dedicated to this event, the biography of Evgeniy Nikolaevich was briefly presented, and the feat he accomplished in the most difficult time for the country was told. The right to solemnly open the memorial plaque was granted to the honorary citizen of Kirillov, Vladimir Mikhailovich Kuzmin.

In the homeland of E.N. Preobrazhensky, the 100th anniversary of the most famous naval pilot of our country was especially celebrated. On June 23, 2009, ceremonial events took place in the ancient village. Volokoslavinskoe about one and a half thousand people. (Photo 14, 15) At the rally at the monument to the Hero, the head of the district S.V. spoke. Usov, deputy head of the Nikolotorzhsky settlement N.Yu. Shvetsova, assistant to the regional governor, and former military pilot V.M. Babkin. Village resident N.S. Loginov read his own poems dedicated to the Hero. The presence of a delegation of naval pilots from the Fedotovo garrison added special solemnity to the event. (Photo 16) Throughout the day, the doors of the E.N. Museum were hospitably open at the Volokoslavinskaya school. Preobrazhensky. The culmination of the celebration was to be the previously announced aviation show, which people from all over the area gathered to watch. But the audience was able to see the flight of only one plane. Exactly at 18 o'clock the silhouette of a heavy aircraft appeared in the clouds. TU-142, piloted by naval pilots from the Vologda garrison of Fedotovo, passed at an extremely low altitude, turned around and once again flew over the village. Unfortunately, neither other planes nor parachutists appeared in the sky above the village. Nevertheless, everyone was impressed by the bomber flying at low altitude... The ceremonial rallies ended, words of admiration and gratitude dedicated to our illustrious fellow countryman were heard, life returned to everyday life.

Five years have passed since the big anniversary, and I would like to hope that the people of Kirill honor the memory of Evgeniy Nikolaevich Preobrazhensky and his feat, despite the days and dates. After all, over the years, the military glory of heroes - living and fallen in fierce battles with the enemy - does not fade. In their exploits, the heights of the patriotic spirit rise before us, the depths of their fiery hearts are revealed.

N.G. Kuzmicheva, methodologist of the department for work with visitors.

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LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

1. E.N. Preobrazhensky and P.I. Khokhlov are developing a plan for a raid on Berlin.

2. Hero of the Soviet Union, Colonel E.N. Preobrazhensky. Drawing by an unknown artist.

3. Funeral of N.A. Preobrazhensky, father of Evgeniy Nikolaevich. Mother, A.D. Preobrazhenskaya - stands in the center, to her left is daughter-in-law, wife of E.N. Preobrazhensky. August 7, 1941.

4. Newspaper articles about E.N. Preobrazhensky.

5. Crew E.N. Preobrazhensky

6. Airplane E.N. Preobrazhensky.

7. Crew E.N. Preobrazhensky to prepare for departure.

8. E.N. Preobrazhensky.

9. E.N. Preobrazhensky. 1949

10. E.N. Preobrazhensky, Colonel General of Aviation.

11. At the grave of E.N. Preobrazhensky.

12. Monument to E.N. Preobrazhensky at the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow.

14. Rally in honor of the 100th anniversary of E.N. Preobrazhensky.

15. At a rally in honor of the 100th anniversary of E.N. Preobrazhensky. With. Volokoslavinskoe June 23, 2009.

16. Schoolchildren in a guard of honor at the bust of E.N. Preobrazhensky. from Volokoslavinskoe June 23, 2009.

, THE USSR

Affiliation

USSR USSR

Type of army Years of service Rank

: Incorrect or missing image

Colonel General of Aviation Battles/wars Awards and prizes

foreign awards

Evgeniy Nikolaevich Preobrazhensky(June 9 - October 29) - participant in the Great Patriotic War, Colonel General of Aviation, Hero of the Soviet Union. Personally commanded the flagship crew during the first bombing of Berlin in the summer of 1941 by aircraft of the 8th Long-Range Air Division.

Biography

Evgeny Nikolaevich Preobrazhensky was born on June 9 (22), 1909 in the village of Volokoslavinskoye, Novgorod province (now Kirillovsky district, Vologda region) in the family of rural teachers Nikolai Aleksandrovich Preobrazhensky (1882-1941) and Anna Dmitrievna Preobrazhenskaya, née Delovaya (1886-1967). He studied at the Cherepovets Pedagogical College.

After the raids, Berlin housewives, already at the very beginning of the war, wrote similar letters to their husbands at the front:

My dear Ernst! The war with Russia is already costing us many hundreds of thousands of dead. Dark thoughts do not leave me. Lately, bombers have been flying towards us at night. Everyone is told that the British bombed, but we know for sure that the Russians bombed us that night. They are taking revenge for Moscow. Berlin is shaking from bomb explosions... And in general, I’ll tell you: since the Russians appeared above our heads, you cannot imagine how bad it has become for us. Willy Furstenberg's relatives served at an artillery factory. The factory no longer exists! Willie's relatives died under the rubble. Ah, Ernst, when Russian bombs fell on the Simmens factories, it seemed to me that everything was falling through the ground. Why did you contact the Russians?

In total, the air group of E. N. Preobrazhensky stormed Berlin 10 times, the last flight took place on September 4, 1941.

On August 24, 1945, Lieutenant General E. N. Preobrazhensky commanded the air landing in Port Arthur, personally taking part in it.

From 1950 to 1962, E. N. Preobrazhensky was the commander of aviation of the USSR Navy.

Memory

Streets in the cities of Vologda, Cherepovets, Kirillov in the Vologda region, the village of Safonovo in the Murmansk region, and the city of Pestovo in the Novgorod region are named after E. N. Preobrazhensky.
In the village of Volkoslavinskoye, Kirillovsky district, Vologda region, a bust of E. N. Preobrazhensky was erected.
The name of E. N. Preobrazhensky was assigned to the Tu-142 M aircraft at the Kipelovo airbase.
The 33rd Center for Combat Use and Retraining of USSR Navy Aviation Flight Personnel in the city of Nikolaev was named after E.N. Preobrazhensky.
A passenger ship was named after E.N. Preobrazhensky. Initially, the ship worked for the Sukhona River Shipping Company (Vologda). Participated in the filming of the film “Aniskin Again” in 1978.

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Notes

Literature

Vinogradov Yu. A. Under the wings - Berlin. - M.: TERRA - BOOK CLUB, 2005. - 384 p. - ISBN 5-275-01282-9
Outstanding Vologda residents: Biographical sketches / Ed. Council "Vologda Encyclopedia". - Vologda: Rus, 2005. - 568 p. - P. 92-96. - ISBN 5-87822-271-X
Miroshnichenko G. I. Guard Colonel Preobrazhensky. - M.: Voenmorizdat, 1943. - 88 p.

Excerpt characterizing Preobrazhensky, Evgeniy Nikolaevich

Prince Andrei did not say anything to Tushin. They were both so busy that it seemed they didn’t even see each other. When, having put the surviving two of the four guns on the limbers, they moved down the mountain (one broken cannon and the unicorn were left), Prince Andrei drove up to Tushin.
“Well, goodbye,” said Prince Andrei, extending his hand to Tushin.
“Goodbye, my dear,” said Tushin, “dear soul!” “goodbye, my dear,” said Tushin with tears that, for some unknown reason, suddenly appeared in his eyes.

The wind died down, black clouds hung low over the battlefield, merging on the horizon with gunpowder smoke. It was getting dark, and the glow of fires was all the more clearly visible in two places. The cannonade became weaker, but the crackle of guns behind and to the right was heard even more often and closer. As soon as Tushin with his guns, driving around and running over the wounded, came out from under fire and went down into the ravine, he was met by his superiors and adjutants, including a staff officer and Zherkov, who was sent twice and never reached Tushin’s battery. All of them, interrupting one another, gave and passed on orders on how and where to go, and made reproaches and comments to him. Tushin did not give orders and silently, afraid to speak, because at every word he was ready, without knowing why, to cry, he rode behind on his artillery nag. Although the wounded were ordered to be abandoned, many of them trailed behind the troops and asked to be deployed to the guns. The same dashing infantry officer who jumped out of Tushin’s hut before the battle was, with a bullet in his stomach, placed on Matvevna’s carriage. Under the mountain, a pale hussar cadet, supporting the other with one hand, approached Tushin and asked to sit down.
“Captain, for God’s sake, I’m shell-shocked in the arm,” he said timidly. - For God's sake, I can't go. For God's sake!
It was clear that this cadet had more than once asked to sit somewhere and was refused everywhere. He asked in a hesitant and pitiful voice.
- Order him to be imprisoned, for God's sake.
“Plant, plant,” said Tushin. “Put down your overcoat, uncle,” he turned to his beloved soldier. -Where is the wounded officer?
“They put it in, it’s over,” someone answered.
- Plant it. Sit down, honey, sit down. Lay down your overcoat, Antonov.
The cadet was in Rostov. He held the other with one hand, was pale, and his lower jaw was shaking with feverish trembling. They put him on Matvevna, on the very gun from which they laid the dead officer. There was blood on the overcoat, which stained Rostov's leggings and hands.
- What, are you wounded, darling? - said Tushin, approaching the gun on which Rostov was sitting.
- No, I’m shell-shocked.
- Why is there blood on the bed? – Tushin asked.
“It was the officer, your honor, who bled,” answered the artillery soldier, wiping the blood with the sleeve of his overcoat and as if apologizing for the uncleanness in which the gun was located.
Forcibly, with the help of infantry, they took the guns up the mountain, and having reached the village of Guntersdorf, they stopped. It had already become so dark that ten steps away it was impossible to distinguish the uniforms of the soldiers, and the firefight began to subside. Suddenly, screams and gunfire were heard again close to the right side. The shots were already sparkling in the darkness. This was the last French attack, which was answered by soldiers holed up in the houses of the village. Again everyone rushed out of the village, but Tushin’s guns could not move, and the artillerymen, Tushin and the cadet, silently looked at each other, awaiting their fate. The firefight began to subside, and soldiers, animated by conversation, poured out of the side street.
- Is it okay, Petrov? - one asked.
“Brother, it’s too hot.” Now they won’t interfere,” said another.
- Can't see anything. How they fried it in theirs! Not in sight; darkness, brothers. Would you like to get drunk?
The French were repulsed for the last time. And again, in complete darkness, Tushin’s guns, surrounded as if by a frame by buzzing infantry, moved somewhere forward.
In the darkness, it was as if an invisible, gloomy river was flowing, all in one direction, humming with whispers, talking and the sounds of hooves and wheels. In the general din, behind all the other sounds, the moans and voices of the wounded in the darkness of the night were clearest of all. Their groans seemed to fill all the darkness that surrounded the troops. Their groans and the darkness of this night were one and the same. After a while, there was a commotion in the moving crowd. Someone rode with his retinue on a white horse and said something as they passed. What did you say? Where to now? Stand, or what? Thank you, or what? - greedy questions were heard from all sides, and the entire moving mass began to push on itself (apparently, the front ones had stopped), and rumors spread that they were ordered to stop. Everyone stopped as they were walking, in the middle of the dirt road.
The lights lit up and the conversation became louder. Captain Tushin, having given orders to the company, sent one of the soldiers to look for a dressing station or a doctor for the cadet and sat down by the fire laid out on the road by the soldiers. Rostov also dragged himself to the fire. A feverish trembling from pain, cold and dampness shook his entire body. Sleep was irresistibly beckoning him, but he could not sleep from the excruciating pain in his arm, which ached and could not find a position. He now closed his eyes, now glanced at the fire, which seemed to him hotly red, now at the stooped, weak figure of Tushin, sitting cross-legged next to him. Tushin’s big, kind and intelligent eyes looked at him with sympathy and compassion. He saw that Tushin wanted with all his heart and could not help him.
From all sides the footsteps and chatter of those passing, passing and infantry stationed around were heard. The sounds of voices, footsteps and horse hooves rearranging in the mud, the near and distant crackling of firewood merged into one oscillating roar.
Now, as before, the invisible river no longer flowed in the darkness, but as if after a storm, the gloomy sea lay down and trembled. Rostov mindlessly watched and listened to what was happening in front of him and around him. The infantry soldier walked up to the fire, squatted down, stuck his hands into the fire and turned his face away.
- Is it okay, your honor? - he said, turning questioningly to Tushin. “He got away from the company, your honor; I don’t know where. Trouble!
Together with the soldier, an infantry officer with a bandaged cheek approached the fire and, turning to Tushin, asked him to order the tiny gun to be moved in order to transport the cart. Behind the company commander, two soldiers ran to the fire. They swore and fought desperately, pulling out some kind of boot from each other.
- Why, you picked it up! Look, he’s clever,” one shouted in a hoarse voice.
Then a thin, pale soldier approached with his neck tied with a bloody wrap and in an angry voice demanded water from the artillerymen.

Evgeniy Nikolaevich Preobrazhensky - Hero of the Soviet Union, pilot, colonel general of aviation, participant in the bombing of Berlin in August 1941.

E.N. Preobrazhensky was born on June 9, 1909 in the village of Volokoslavinskoye. He grew up and was brought up in a family of teachers. Nikolai Aleksandrovich Preobrazhensky, his father, was a school director and physics teacher. Mother, Anna Dmitrievna, is a teacher of Russian language and literature.

After graduating from the Volokoslavinsky school, Evgeniy Nikolaevich studied at the Cherepovets Pedagogical College. In 1927, on a Komsomol ticket, he was called up to serve in the Navy. In 1930 he graduated from the Naval Aviation School in Sevastopol, and in 1933 he completed advanced training courses for command personnel at the Air Force Engineering Academy. Commanded aviation units. During the Soviet-Finnish War (November 30, 1939 - March 13, 1940), the Preobrazhensky military air unit bombed enemy communications, its coastal bases, ports and airfields. For military merits, courage and heroism, Evgeniy Nikolaevich was awarded the Order of Lenin in January 1940.

On June 22, 1941, the commander of the 1st bomber mine-torpedo regiment of the Baltic Fleet, Colonel E.N. Preobrazhensky met at his airfield in the Baltic states. The regiment he commanded already at the end of June 1941 launched the first strikes on the airfields of Nazi Germany’s ally, Finland. Then his aviation unit carried out several attacks on German tank units, motorized infantry and enemy personnel in the Daugavpils area, and participated in covering the troops of the Luga operational group in the Leningrad area. On July 30, 1941, the commander of Navy aviation, Lieutenant General of Aviation S.F., arrived at the regiment's location. Zhavoronkov, who expressed the idea of bombing the fascist capital in order to refute the claims of Nazi propaganda that Soviet aviation had already ceased to exist. Preobrazhensky's regiment was given the task: "Fly to the cities of Germany, if possible to Berlin, and prove that Russian aviation has not died and can deliver crushing blows." From near Leningrad, Colonel Preobrazhensky's pilots secretly crossed to the island of Saarema (Estonia), where a camouflaged airfield was based in Kagul.

And so, on the night of August 7-8, 1941, 13 bombers headed for Berlin. These were courageous pilots who flew in very difficult conditions. There was not enough oxygen in the cabin of the plane, due to the high altitude of the flight, the frost in the cabin was 40-42 degrees, and the pilots were bleeding from their noses and ears due to the low pressure. The first time the pilots bombed two military factories, a power plant, and a train station. The operation was sudden, German anti-aircraft guns hit without a target, and on the way of the pilots they encountered balloons that knocked the planes off the path. And that night all the pilots returned to their base safe and sound. The pilots flew to German cities and Berlin for a whole month. On August 13, a Decree was issued to assign 5 pilots, including commander E.N. Preobrazhensky, the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Evgeniy Nikolaevich went through a glorious path from a simple pilot to an aviation colonel general. E.N. Preobrazhensky was awarded three Orders of Lenin, five Orders of the Red Banner, Orders of Suvorov of the second degree and the Red Star and many medals.

In 1974, the Volokoslavinsky school was named after E.N. Preobrazhensky. In 1975, a bas-relief of E.N. was installed in the school in a solemn ceremony. Preobrazhensky, as well as a memorial plaque on the house where the hero spent his childhood. In 1976, the school museum was opened. In 1979, a bust of E.N. was installed. Preobrazhensky. In 2009, in the village of Fedotovo, the aircraft of the 73rd aviation squadron was given the honorary name TU-142 MK(MR) "Evgeniy Preobrazhensky".

Evgeniy Nikolaevich died in 1963. He was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow.

Anatoly Vasilyevich Vinogradov was born in the village of Kurakino. One of the first pilots of the Kirillovsky region during the Great Patriotic War. He commanded a squadron of "night" bombers, worked as an instructor pilot, and trained several pilots - Heroes of the Soviet Union. Has eight government awards.

Dmitry Stepanovich Delov has been the director of the Volokoslavinsky real school since 1883. During his work, the school became the best in the district, a new building was built.

Vladimir Mikhailovich Bryushinin is a scientist, a participant in the launch of the first cosmonaut teams, and worked at the department of the Moscow Energy Institute for more than ten years.

V.M. Bryushinin was born in the village of Dorogusha, near the village of Volokoslavino, in 1931. His parents played a big role in the upbringing of Vladimir Mikhailovich: his mother, Anna Ivanovna, and his father, Mikhail Nikanorovich, raised him with their righteous lifestyle and example. In 1941, when Vladimir Mikhailovich was 11 years old, he had to work on a collective farm, replacing those who went to the front: to be a “driver” of a horse in a horse-drawn threshing machine, and at the age of 13 to stand behind the plow. But this harsh time developed those qualities that are inherent in the military generation: the qualities of mutual assistance, mutual assistance, and the greatest patriotism. Time largely determined the choice of future profession. First, Vladimir Mikhailovich entered the Leningrad Artillery Preparatory School, and then continued his studies at the Artillery School in Kaliningrad. While studying here, Vladimir Mikhailovich chooses his future profession as a rocket engineer and from the second year he goes to the Rostov Higher Artillery Engineering School, created and intended for the training of rocket engineers. During his studies, in 1921, Vladimir was awarded the officer rank of lieutenant.

After graduating from the Rostov School, Vladimir Mikhailovich Bryushinin, from the places of future service offered to him, chose the scientific testing site being created in Kazakhstan, intended for testing the intercontinental ballistic missile being developed for the first time. The test site later became the Baikonur Cosmodrome. The general management was carried out by the chief designer of OKB-1, Sergei Pavlovich Korolev. As an employee of the autonomous testing department as an engineer-captain for 10 years (1955 to 1965), V.M. Bryushinin. works under his leadership. The tests last for weeks, while the tester's working day is 12-14 hours, sometimes around the clock, seven days a week. Conducting tests involves a large amount of technical and scientific data. Tests are creative and highly intellectual work. And the testers are the full-fledged creators of the rocket. When working on the space program, Vladimir Mikhailovich had to, to one degree or another, communicate with the Chief Designers, their deputies, prominent specialists and scientists from scientific institutions.

From the Baikonur Cosmodrome, Vladimir Mikhailovich entered the postgraduate course at the Leningrad Military Engineering Academy. In 1968 He was awarded the academic degree of Candidate of Technical Sciences, and a few years later he held the position of senior researcher. Since 1968 to 1978 served in the Space Control Center, where for some time German Stepanovich Titov was deputy commander. For more than ten years, Vladimir Mikhailovich worked at the department of the Moscow Energy Institute, which interacts with the Research Institute of Space Instrumentation.

Valentin Aleksandrovich Khropov - pilot, awarded the Order of the Red Star and the Patriotic War, two medals “For Combat Merit”, was present at the takeoff of Yu. A. Gagarin and G. S. Titov

V.A. Khropov was born in the village of Syaminskaya in 1925. At the end of the first quarter of ninth grade, he was drafted into the Red Army. He was selected for aviation. After taking the military oath, Valentin Alexandrovich served in the city of Svobodny in the third reserve rifle regiment of the second Far Eastern Red Banner Army. In April 1944, he was enrolled as a cadet in the thirtieth training detachment of the Civil Air Fleet in the city of Khabarovsk. In 1944, Valentin Alexandrovich

He was enlisted in the third air regiment of the first air transport division of the Civil Air Fleet. In November of the same year, he graduated from his studies as a gunner-radio operator and received the rank of sergeant. In the summer, he fought on the American Douglas as part of the Fourth Air Army on the Second Belorussian Front. During the six remaining months of the war, he flew 125 sorties to the front line. For his excellent service, he was awarded the Order of the Red Star and the Order of the Patriotic War, and two medals “For Military Merit.” In December 1946, Valentin Aleksandrovich Khropov was assigned to the VSMVO detachment in Moscow.

Valentin Aleksandrovich was an eyewitness to the launch of space rockets. In 1961, he delivered the Supreme Military Command from Moscow to Baikonur, and was present at the takeoff of Yu.A. Gagarin and G.S. Titova. Valentin Aleksandrovich flew to Baikonur as part of the crew until 1964, until he retired from the army. During 20 years of difficult service, he mastered 4 types of aircraft. Valentin Alexandrovich died in 2008.

Nikolai Vasilyevich Razin was born in 1904 in the village of Verkhnyaya Gora. Nikolai Vasilyevich is widely known to the scientific and technical community in Russia and abroad as a prominent builder of large complex waterworks. In 1949-1953 he built the Tsimlyansk hydroelectric power station. From 1953 to 1957 he was the chief construction engineer of the Kuibyshev hydroelectric complex, now the Volzhskaya Hydroelectric Power Station. From 1956 to 1963, Nikolai Vasilyevich was a full member of the USSR Academy of Construction and Architecture. Designed the Aswan Dam in Egypt. In 1964, he was awarded the academic degree of Doctor of Technical Sciences and given the title “Honored Builder of the RSFSR.” On August 9, 1958, for the successful construction of the Kuibyshev hydroelectric complex, Nikolai Vasilyevich was awarded the title of Hero of Socialist Labor. On November 26, 1968, the general meeting of the USSR Academy of Sciences elected him, among other scientists, as a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences in the department of physical and technical problems of energy. Nikolai Vasilyevich died in 1983.

Nikolai Pavlovich Anunin was born in 1903 in the village of Larikovo. He graduated from the Volokoslavinsky school in 1921. Nikolai Vasilyevich is a Doctor of Agricultural Sciences, forest scientist, academician of the All-Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, professor, member of the permanent forestry committee, corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of Finland.

Spirin Vladimir Vasilyevich was born in 1937 in the city of Blagoveshchensk, but spent his entire childhood in the village of Zhilino, located near the village of Volokoslavinsky. Vladimir Vasilyevich is an associate professor at VIRO (Vologda Institute for Educational Development), author of many textbooks on the geography of the Vologda region, honored teacher of Russia, lives in the city of Vologda.

Georgy Alekseevich Rozanov was born in the village of Kozhevino in 1901. Georgy Alekseevich - Colonel, was the deputy head of one of the departments of the USSR Ministry of Defense, a participant in the Second World War. One of the initiators of the creation of the museum E.N. Preobrazhensky. He died in 1977 in Moscow.

Vasily Petrovich Spirin - participant in the Great Patriotic War and the Russian-Japanese War, since 1954 - vice-rector of VSPI for distance learning, associate professor. He died in 1965 in the city of Vologda.

Nikolai Sergeevich Bobrov-Novgorodsky is a writer who, over more than 30 years of literary activity, has created over twenty books.

Nikolai Sergeevich Bobrov was born on October 11 (23), 1892 in the village of Volokoslavinsky, Kirillovsky district, Novgorod province (now Kirillovsky district, Vologda region). During the First World War he was called up to the front, and from 1917 he served in the First Aviation Regiment, stationed in Gatchina near Petrograd. In 1926 - 1933 he was (with interruptions in 1930 - 1931, when he worked in Moscow) a special correspondent for the Samolet magazine in Germany, then became a professional writer, published both under his own name “N.S. Bobrov” and under the pseudonym “N.S. Bobrov-Novgorodsky. Since 1933 he lived permanently in Moscow. Over 30 years of literary activity, Nikolai Sergeevich has created more than 20 books dedicated to aviation. The best of them is the story “Falcon” - about the Russian aviator P.N. Nesterov, published in 1954, was awarded the USSR State Prize for the best book for youth. N.S. Bobrov knew many outstanding writers: M.A. Voloshin, A.S. Green, Yu.K. Olesha, aircraft designers O.K. Antonov and S.V. Ilyushin, pilots I.V. Mikheev, M.M. Gromov, E.N. Preobrazhensky, M.T. Slepnev, Admiral N.G. Kuznetsov. A particularly close friendship connected Nikolai Sergeevich with Alexander Stepanovich Green, memories of whom, prepared for publication by his grandson N.S. Bobrova V.B. Kudrin, published in the journal “Science and Religion”, 1993, No. 9, pp. 46 – 47. On June 23, 1941, Nikolai Sergeevich was sent by the People’s Commissar of the Navy N.G. Kuznetsov to the Northern Front, where he was appointed editor-in-chief of the newspaper “On Guard of the Arctic”. At the end of 1941, a bomb hit the editorial office. Nikolai Sergeevich was seriously shell-shocked and sent to Moscow. Living in Moscow, in the last years of N.S.’s life. Bobrov often came to his native places. In 1957 - 1958, he worked on the book “In the Heart of Northern Rus',” which actually resumed the literature on local history, which had been forcibly interrupted for forty years. It would seem that thematically the latest book is in no way connected with the previous ones, which depict the life of pilots and the formation of domestic aviation. At the same time, she is connected with the entire work of N.S. Bobrova has a deep love for Russia, for its talented people. Nikolai Sergeevich Bobrov died in Moscow on April 10, 1959, and in the summer of the same year the Vologda Book Publishing House published the book. In 1984, one of the streets of Kirillov, at the request of high school students, was named after N.S. Bobrova.

Evgeny Nikolaevich Preobrazhensky(June 9, 1909 - October 29, 1963) - participant in the Great Patriotic War, Colonel General of Aviation, Hero of the Soviet Union. Personally commanded the flagship crew during the first bombing of Berlin in the summer of 1941 by aircraft of the 8th Long-Range Air Division.

Biography

In 1927, on a Komsomol ticket, he was drafted into naval aviation.

In 1930 he graduated from the Sevastopol Naval Aviation School. He served as a pilot, then as a squadron commander and commander of the 1st mine-torpedo aviation regiment of the 8th bomber air brigade of the Baltic Fleet.

On the night of August 7-8, 1941, a group of 15 DB-3 bombers under the command of E. N. Preobrazhensky took part in the first bomb attack on military-industrial targets in Berlin.

After the raids, Berlin housewives, already at the very beginning of the war, wrote similar letters to their husbands at the front:

In total, the air group of E. N. Preobrazhensky stormed Berlin 10 times, the last flight took place on September 4, 1941.

Since August 1942, E. N. Preobrazhensky has been the commander of the 8th Aviation Brigade of the Baltic Fleet Air Force.

From April 1943 to September 1944 - chief of staff, and from September 1944 to April 1945 - acting commander of the Northern Fleet Air Force.

Since April 1945, E. N. Preobrazhensky has been deputy commander, and since February 1946, commander of the Pacific Fleet Air Force.

On August 24, 1945, Lieutenant General E. N. Preobrazhensky commanded the air landing in Port Arthur, personally taking part in it.

From 1950 to 1962, E. N. Preobrazhensky was the commander of aviation of the USSR Navy.

Since 1962, E. N. Preobrazhensky was a military consultant to the USSR Ministry of Defense.

Memory

Streets in the cities of Vologda, Cherepovets, Kirillov in the Vologda region, the village of Safonovo in the Murmansk region, and the city of Pestovo in the Novgorod region are named after E. N. Preobrazhensky.
In the village of Volkoslavinskoye, Kirillovsky district, Vologda region, a bust of E. N. Preobrazhensky was erected.
The name of E. N. Preobrazhensky was assigned to the Tu-142M aircraft at the Kipelovo airbase.
The 33rd Center for Combat Use and Retraining of USSR Navy Aviation Flight Personnel in the city of Nikolaev was named after E.N. Preobrazhensky.
A passenger ship was named after E.N. Preobrazhensky. Initially, the ship worked for the Sukhona River Shipping Company (Vologda). Participated in the filming of the film “Aniskin Again” in 1978.

Evgeniy Nikolaevich Preobrazhensky was born on June 9, 1909 in the village. Volokoslavinskoye is now the territory of the Volokoslavinsky village council of the Kirillovsky district. He studied at the Cherepovets Pedagogical College. In 1927, on a Komsomol ticket, he was called up to serve in the Navy. In 1930 he graduated from the Naval Aviation School in Sevastopol, and in 1933 he completed advanced training courses for command personnel at the Air Force Engineering Academy.
Commanded aviation units. During the Soviet-Finnish War (November 30, 1939 - March 13, 1940), the Preobrazhensky military air unit bombed enemy communications, its coastal bases, ports and airfields. For military merits, courage and heroism, our fellow countryman was awarded the Order of Lenin in January 1940. On June 22, 1941, the commander of the 1st bomber mine-torpedo regiment of the Baltic Fleet, Colonel E. N. Preobrazhensky, met at his airfield in the Baltic States. The regiment he commanded already at the end of June 1941 launched the first strikes on the airfields of Nazi Germany’s ally, Finland. Then his aviation unit carried out several attacks on German tank units, motorized infantry and enemy personnel in the Daugavpils area, and participated in covering the troops of the Luga operational group in the Leningrad area.
On July 30, 1941, the commander of the Navy aviation, Lieutenant General of Aviation S.F. Zhavoronkov, arrived at the regiment's location and expressed the idea of bombing the fascist capital in order to refute the claims of Nazi propaganda that Soviet aviation had already ceased to exist. From near Leningrad, Colonel Preobrazhensky's pilots secretly crossed to the island of Saarema (Estonia), where a camouflaged airfield was based in Kagul. On the night of August 8, 1941, an aviation group under the command of E. N. Preobrazhensky, consisting of 15 combat vehicles, dropped 750-kilogram bombs on military-industrial facilities of the fascist capital. In the morning, Berlin radio reported that 150 British planes were trying to storm the German capital. The BBC London radio station immediately denied this report. In turn, Moscow reported that the bombing was carried out by Soviet aviation. And on August 13, 1941, by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, our fellow countryman was awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union. Years later, the German writer Olaf Greller would write: “What had never been possible before and no one else would be able to do until 1945 was accomplished by Preobrazhensky’s pilots: they took the fascist air defense by surprise, the strongest and most equipped it had ever been in 1941.” .
In total, the air group of Colonel E. N. Preobrazhensky stormed Berlin 10 times, almost 90 long-range bombers took part in the raids. Flights stopped only after, on Hitler’s personal order, the airfield in Cahul was completely destroyed by superior aviation forces of Army Group North. At the beginning of 1942, the command granted Yevgeny Nikolaevich a short-term leave to his homeland, where his mother, wife, and children lived at that time. The brave pilot, in the two days allotted to him, met with his family, students of the Kirillovsky secondary school, took part in the work of the plenum of the district party committee, pleased his family and comrades by playing the button accordion, given to him by the masters of the Northern Handicraftsman artel. Subsequently, this button accordion decorated with mother-of-pearl inlay - a gift from fellow countrymen - became an exhibit of the Central Naval Museum of the USSR. Since August 1942, Evgeniy Nikolaevich commanded the air brigade of the Baltic Fleet, which bombed enemy troops and ships during the battle for Leningrad. In the spring of 1943, Preobrazhensky's formation took part in raids on Konigsberg, Tilsit, and Instenburg. Torpedo-carrying air regiments destroyed the network barrier and made exits into the Baltic Sea. At the same time, planes attacked maritime transport in the Gulf of Riga.
In April 1943, the brave pilot visited his homeland. He arrived in his native place on his plane, landing it right on the lake. And again, in addition to a short meeting with his family, he took part in the city meeting of the party activists, a meeting with residents of the area, at which he called on his fellow countrymen to work even harder to achieve victory over the enemy. Then, in April 1943, E. N. Preobrazhensky was appointed chief of staff of the Northern Fleet Air Force. On March 31, 1944, by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, Major General E. N. Preobrazhensky was awarded the Order of Suvorov, II degree, “for skillful and courageous leadership of combat operations.” Since September 1944, he has served as commander of the Northern Fleet Air Force. While in this post, he made a great contribution to the protection of his own and allied communications, and proved himself to be a talented leader of flight personnel during the Petsamo-Kirkenes operation, carried out in October 1944 with the aim of expelling the Nazi occupiers from the Arctic.
Since April 1945, our fellow countryman has been deputy commander of the Pacific Fleet Air Force. Under his leadership, airborne landings were carried out in Port Arthur (Lüshun) and Dairen (Dalian) in August 1945. Since February 1946, E. N. Preobrazhensky commanded the Pacific Fleet Air Force, and since February 1950 he was entrusted with leading the Military Aviation - USSR Marine Fleet. Since 1962, Colonel General E. N. Preobrazhensky has been a military consultant to the Group of Inspectors General of the USSR Ministry of Defense.
Evgeniy Nikolaevich died on October 29, 1963, and was buried at the Novodevichy cemetery in Moscow. Here lies his namesake - Hero of the Soviet Union, Major General G. N. Preobrazhensky - a native of Gryazovets, commander of the Temryuk Red Banner Rifle Division during the Great Patriotic War.