Ege in Russian. Materials for preparing for the exam in the Russian language Training tasks for the exam Russian language
In 2017, all the main characteristics of the examination paper as a whole will be preserved.
It is supposed to expand the language material to complete assignments 17, 22, 23.
Task 17 tests the ability of examinees to isolate constructions that are not grammatically related to the sentence. Punctuation in introductory constructions is traditionally difficult for examinees due to the need to distinguish syntactically fundamentally different phenomena, while often semantically similar (for example, “however” is an introductory word and conjunction). The heterogeneity and multiplicity of the group of introductory and plug-in constructions, the variety of their typed meanings and shades prevent students from successfully mastering this punctuation topic. Having not mastered the composition of a large group of these words and the features of their semantics, having not learned to distinguish introductory words and phrases from members of a sentence, students turn to the intonational features of such units: the examinees consider the intonational selection of potential introductory words to be the only clue, which is wrong, and not always the intonational construction may indicate the presence of an introductory construction in the sentence. The conclusion about the status of a unit as an input is correct only if it meets all the requirements for such linguistic phenomena. It is the "incompleteness" of grammatical and punctuation analysis that leads to errors in the qualification of introductory units and the punctuation marks for them.
In 2017, it is planned to expand the language material of this task by adding separate calls to this topic. It should be noted that both prose and verse text can be used as the language material involved in the task. A participant in the 2017 exam, completing task 17, may encounter different language material. In this case, the wording of the task will remain the same.
The expansion of the language material in task 22, which is focused on testing the ability to conduct a lexical analysis of a word in context and allows assessing such important skills of students as the ability to adequately understand the written speech of other people, the ability to correlate a linguistic phenomenon with the meaning that it receives in the text, will consist in the fact that the specified phenomenon in the source text can be represented not in the singular. So, a request to write out a phraseological unit from the text does not mean that there is only one phraseological unit in the indicated fragment, there may be several. The task is to write only one. Such a change is dictated by the negative impact of the situation when the exam participant is aimed at finding only one answer.
As already noted, the results of the exam showed that the section related to the analysis of the structure of the text, the clarification of the ways and means of connecting sentences, which is manifested in part 2 of the work as a violation of the logic of the development of thought, remains insufficiently learned. Task 23 in 2017 involves both one and several answers. It is planned to change the wording of this task.
(20) For whole days he lay in the glades and examined flowers and herbs with curiosity. (21) Berg collected wild rose berries and fragrant juniper, carefully examined the autumn leaves. (22) At sunset, flocks of cranes flew over the lake to the south with a cooing. (23) Berg for the first time felt a stupid resentment: the cranes seemed to him traitors. (24) They abandoned this desert, forest and solemn land without regret, full of nameless lakes and impassable thickets.
(25) It rained in September. (26) Yartsev was about to leave. (27) Berg got angry. (28) How could you leave in the midst of this extraordinary autumn? (29) Berg now felt the departure of Yartsev in the same way as the cranes had once departed - it was a betrayal. (30) What? (31) Berg could hardly answer this question. (32) Treason to forests, lakes, autumn, finally, to the warm sky, which drizzled with frequent rain.
- (33) I'm staying, - Berg said sharply. - (34) I want to write this autumn.
(35) Yartsev left. (36) The next day, Berg woke up from the sun. (37) Light shadows of the branches trembled on the clean floor, and a quiet blue spilled outside the door. (38) Berg met the word "shine" only in the books of poets, considered it pretentious and devoid of a clear meaning. (39) But now he understood how accurately this word conveys that special light that comes from the September sky and the sun.
The Unified State Exam (USE) is constantly being heard. Interest in exams, which affect the possibility of enrolling in higher educational institutions, is fueled not only by parents and schoolchildren. Every year, experts in the field of education make some changes. In 2017, the latest news speaks of the introduction of major changes. It is planned to increase the number of subjects for the exam and expand the tasks in the Russian language.
Officials and experts in the field of education consider the USE a necessary and mandatory stage in the educational process. For parents and students, every exam, changes in it and the new school year bring new stress, excitement and generates a lot of rumors. Each student strives to get a kind of pass to a higher educational institution. A lot of effort has to be made to pass the Russian language exam: textbooks, tutors, additional literature, and now even changes for 2017.
Two school subjects are obligatory for delivery: mathematics and Russian. Knowledge testing is carried out centrally in writing on special forms. The Russian language task traditionally consists of 2 parts:
- Language questions with short answers
- Composition
There are many options for preparing for exams, you can even take an online exam in the Russian language of the USE model of the past year on the Internet as preparation. Demo options allow you to really assess your strengths and readiness for the test. The rules for passing the exam change every year, and 2017 will be no exception.
What innovations await students
The new assignment and changes in the exam in the Russian language cause unrest among schoolchildren and their parents. In fact, after each academic year, educational specialists analyze the passed tests and make changes. Much attention was drawn to the innovation, which is planned to be introduced at the end of the 2016-2017 academic year. So, by analogy with a foreign language, an oral survey will be added for Russian.
Thus, the test will consist of two already existing parts and one new one.
The number of mandatory exams is planned to be supplemented with another school subject, presumably history. Officials explain their choice by the results of a survey among young people, which showed that 22% of those surveyed found it difficult to answer the question "when did World War II start?" It is also mentioned that some of the respondents could not name the warring parties. Previously, history was one of the optional subjects that students could choose to take. More and more schoolchildren prefer to limit themselves to mathematics and Russian and not to take the exam in additional subjects. In connection with the decrease in the interest of schoolchildren in education, it is planned to introduce a number of changes:
- At the end of the academic year, in 2017 the number of compulsory subjects (except for the Russian language and mathematics) will increase by one. Students will be able to choose the third subject themselves, but the option is being considered to establish history as a compulsory subject.
- Traditionally, the USE is taken by graduates of the 9th and 11th grades. By 2017, the number of "graduate" classes may be supplemented by another 4th class. For them, the Unified State Exam will be developed according to the curriculum.
- Due to the decrease in the number of those wishing to take the exam in natural science (chemistry, biology) and exact (physics, etc.) subjects, it is planned to expand the number of selective exams.
How will the exam take place?
Until 2017, the Unified State Examination in the Russian language included only the written part. The exam includes a spelling and punctuation check. Education specialists note the high results of such a test, but they are wondering about expanding the study of the discipline. As a change to the current state of affairs, it is proposed to supplement the existing exam with an oral part. What exactly the oral task will represent will be known closer to the middle of the 2016-2017 academic year.
The test of spoken Russian is designed to assess the knowledge and ability of school graduates to clearly express their thoughts and communicate freely on various topics. Thus, the student will have to convey the meaning of his words in his native language to the examiners and be able to freely and competently compose sentences in the process of conversation.
Why change is needed
Officials are convinced of the undoubted benefits of this approach and believe that the new trend will better prepare graduates for entering the university and will contribute to their future careers.
Clear formulation of tasks and communication of general ideas are indispensable qualities for leaders, and the ability to correctly present one's own ideas in an accessible way helps to succeed in career advancement.
Other changes will help explain sociologists. The alarm was sounded due to the fact that many graduates even refuse to try to enter higher educational institutions for fear of taking the exam. Gradual changes and expansion of possible subjects for delivery will set up applicants for broad prospects in the field of choosing a future profession.
Benefits of innovation
While schoolchildren are dreading the increase in the number of exams and the tightening of knowledge requirements, there is also a positive side to the planned changes.
- Better prospects. Sociologists and officials are convinced of the need to expand the number of subjects for the USE to 6 by 2019. Passing only 2 mandatory exams, a graduate is at a disadvantage when entering a university. By adding 1 more subject to the knowledge test, the situation will not improve much, since the profile restriction will remain. According to officials, 6 required exams will expand the opportunities for applicants to enter universities.
- Gradual transition. The smooth progress of changes in the education system will allow future graduates to mentally prepare for exams and give them time to improve their knowledge in school subjects. So, since 2017, the number of points scored in the exam will affect the final grade in the certificate.
- Knowledge control. Examinations in the graduating classes reflect only the general picture, the already accomplished fact of providing knowledge. The introduction of the USE after the 4th grade will make it possible to control the educational process and maintain it at a sufficiently high level. It is also expected to reduce stress among schoolchildren by increasing exams. After all, if exams become commonplace, then there will be less worry about them.
The final decision and all changes in the process of passing the exam in the Russian language will be known to graduates of the 2016-2017 academic year in the near future. Experts agree that no cardinal innovations are foreseen and encourage schoolchildren to calmly prepare for exams and study the subject. To be safe, you should expand your vocabulary and practice your conversational Russian skills.
Answer: scatter scare | |
Answer: ___ 123______ |
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Task 25 of part 2 is an essay based on the read text. This task is performed on the answer sheet No. 2.
All USE forms are filled in with bright black ink. It is allowed to use a gel, or capillary, or fountain pen.
When completing assignments, you can use a draft. Draft entries do not count towards the assessment of the work.
The points you get for completed tasks are summed up. Try to complete as many tasks as possible and score the most
number of points.
We wish you success!
Part 1
1 Indicate two sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.
1) Real discoveries in historical linguistics concerning the past language are possible when it is possible to combine the painstaking search for facts and the courage of thinking.
2) Quite often, judgments about the past of a language allow us to restore a whole world that has long been lost in the past.
3) Only a painstaking search for facts and the courage of thinking of linguists allow real discoveries in the field of the past language.
4) Only the courage of thinking allows linguists to restore knowledge about the past of the language bit by bit, to make real discoveries in historical linguistics.
5) Judgments about the past of the language, which are conjectural in nature, can be confirmed if you painstakingly and purposefully collect historical facts.
2 Which of the following words (combinations of words) should be in place of the gap inthird (3) sentencetext? Write down this word (combination of words).
But
For example,
Nevertheless
Exactly
Because
Answer : _________________________
3 Read the fragment of the dictionary entry, which gives the meaning of the word LANGUAGE. Determine the meaning in which this word is usedin the first (1) sentence ttext. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry. LANGUAGE, -a, pl. -i, -ov, m.
1) unit A set of means of expression in verbal creativity based on a nationwide sound, vocabulary and grammatical system.I. Pushkin. I. writers. I. fiction.
2) The historically established system of sound vocabulary and grammatical means, which is a tool for communication, exchange of thoughts and mutual understanding of people in society.Great Russian me. Slavic languages. Literary me.
3) units Speech, the ability to speak.Lose language. The patient lies without a tongue and without movement.
4) trans. A prisoner captured to obtain the necessary information (colloquial).Take, bring language.
5) A system of signs (sounds, signals) that convey information.I. animals. I. gestures.
Answer : _________________________
4 In one of the words below, a mistake was made in the statement of stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel is highlighted INCORRECTLY. Write out this word.
bleeding
having given
handrails
clogged
utterly
Answer : _________________________
5 In one of the sentences below, the underlined word is WRONGLY used. Correct the lexical error by choosing a paronym for the highlighted word. Write down the chosen word.
One of the speakers was Alexander Andreevich Kolli, professor of ORGANIC chemistry.
People asked controllers how to FILL in the form correctly.
Styopka developed a particularly TRUSTING relationship with her great-grandfather.
After hesitating, the commander said nothing about the REAL motives of his stubbornness.
Of course, it is important for Boris Sergeevich to know that an EXPERIENCED owner of the estate has appeared here.
Answer : _________________________
6 In one of the words highlighted below, a mistake was made in the formation of the form of the word. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.
kilogram of TANGARINES
THREE Hundreds of residents
soaked through
foreign PASSPORTS
LIE ON SIDE
Answer : _________________________
7 Establish a correspondence between grammatical errors and sentences in which they are made: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column
GRAMMATICAL ERRORS A. violation of the connection between the subject and the predicate B. violation in the construction of a sentence with an inconsistent application B. error in constructing a sentence with homogeneous members D. incorrect sentence construction with indirect speech D. violation in the construction of a sentence with participial turnover | OFFERS
|
Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.
Answer : | |||||
8 Identify the word in which the unstressed alternating vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.
cover..removal
t..theoretically
popl..wok
extended
l..gendarny
Answer : _________________________
9 Identify the row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write these words out with the missing letter.
ex..increase, ex..maritime
to..write, o..rattled (fights)
in..give, nor..reject
under..dark, in..southern
time..play, inter..university
Answer : _________________________
10 Write down the word in which the letter E is written in place of the gap.
fool ... vy
accumulate... accumulate
suffered ... in
protal...nk
extra pay ... wai
Answer : _________________________
11 Write down the word in which the letter I is written in place of the gap.
headed...my
shot...sh
rusted... lo
sealed
sown
Answer : _________________________
12 Define a sentence that NOT spelled with the word ONE . Open the brackets and write out this word.
A (NOT) SUFFERING soul will never be able to comprehend happiness.
Sofya Pavlovna is (NOT) SO to blame for what happened to us, as it seems.
Choose a friend (NOT) HURRY, even less rush to change him.
The fungus is (NOT) HIGH, but strong.
It is already the end of September, and the fields are still (NOT) mowed, the grain begins to fall from the ears.
Answer : _________________________
13 Determine the sentence in which both underlined words are written ONE . Open the brackets and write out these two words.
Ivan rarely appeared in the district center, (FOR) THAT he left for the city at every opportunity and (B) FOR several hours he disappeared there, forgetting about the service.
(WHY) I recognized her: by the look, by the outline of her hands - I don’t know, but I recognized her, and (FOR) THIS my heart began to beat furiously.
Timidly and hoping that SOMEONE (THAT) would want to receive uninvited guests, we knocked on the door, but the owners accepted us (IN) OWN.
And (SO), the youngest son SO (SAME) loved books, like everyone in our family.
The experiment was carried out successfully, AND (WHAT) for the first time, (FOR) THIS everyone was very pleased.
Answer : _________________________
14 Indicate all the numbers in the place of which it is written NN .
The well-groomed (1) apartment, furnished with (2) old (3) furniture, resembled a manor house, from once forever established (4) orders and customs, in which each thing has its place, and time is a matter.
Answer : _________________________
15 Put punctuation marks. Indicate the numbers of offers in which you want to put ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.
1) The forest rustled now lullingly and melodiously, then impetuously and anxiously.
2) In the XII century, painters painted pictures with paints or ink on silk or paper scrolls.
3) Suddenly the door on the block squealed and the floor shook from someone's steps.
4) Neither on the water nor on the ground nor in the air does a real tourist feel confused.
5) Wild berries are best picked in the morning or evening, and every good berry grower should know this.
Answer : _________________________
16 Put all the punctuation marks:
Climbing (1) onto the wide father's bed (2) and (3) burying (4) his chin on his father's shoulder (5) Vanyatka (6) excited (7) by the events of the evening (8) could not sleep for a long time.
Answer : _________________________
17 Put punctuation marks:indicate the numbers in the place of which commas should be in the sentence.
All my life I have loved and love mental work and physical and (1) perhaps (2) even more than the second. And (3) especially (4) felt satisfied when he introduced some good guess into the latter, that is, he connected his head with his hands.
Answer : _________________________
18 Put punctuation marks:indicate the numbers in the place of which commas should be in the sentence.
And everything (1) that is seen (2) and heard (3) that lives (4) and that blooms calls you to itself.
Answer : _________________________
19 Put punctuation marks:indicate the numbers in the place of which commas should be in the sentence.
It turned out (1) that the manuscript had not yet been finally edited (2) and that (3) until additional work was done (4) it was impossible to hand it over to the printing house.
Answer : _________________________
(1) When I entered the new empty apartment, the only one who met me was an old snow-covered poplar tree outside the window, it was left from the village estate that was on this place, and now, looking into the second floor, it was as if he said to me: “Hello,” and from its white beautiful branches light poured into the room, pure, immaculate, incorruptible. (2) Then spring came, and one morning, after a warm night rain, something green, smoky, indefinite looked in the window.
(3) Every spring the same thing is repeated, and each time it is like a miracle, a miracle of renewal, and one cannot get used to it. (4) I stood and looked for a long time and could not get enough of it. (5) Now, it was as if someone living had settled outside the window, making noise and suddenly falling silent, and during the wind softly and meekly tapping on the window.
(6) He lived with all his leaves, thousands of thousands of leaves, exposing them to the sun, moon, wind, rain. (7) He enjoyed life with might and main, every minute, every second of his life. (8) And I, thinking about my life, would like to learn from him this constant joy in the wild under heaven.
(9) Birds flew on its branches, they whistled, sang their short city songs, maybe the poplar told them about me, and they looked out the window and grinned.
(10) What a long wonderful summer it was in that first year of life in a new room, with a living poplar at the very window, what endless sunsets, and bright nights, and light dreams! (11) Only sometimes I suddenly dreamed that for some reason I had lost a new room and again I live in an old, dark and fumes, with a bare electric light bulb on a long cord. (12) But I woke up, and the poplar looked into the room with clean, fresh walls, and the predawn green noise merged with the feeling of a happy awakening. (13) Then autumn came, the leaves turned yellow, and the room became quiet, sad.
(14) Autumn showers and storms began, at night the poplar creaked, moaned, beat its branches against the wall, as if asking for protection from the weather. (15) Gradually, the leaves flew around from its upper branches, and then from the lower ones. (16) The leaves flowed in streams, covering the balcony, and some stuck to the glass and looked in horror into the room, waiting for something.
(17) And now not a single leaf was left on the poplar, it stood naked, black, as if burned, and against the background of the blue sky, every black twig, every vein was visible, it was solemnly quiet and sad in nature, the unheated sun shone like summer. (18) And, as always, childhood was remembered and thought: who are you? (19) What is the meaning of life? (20) Then it was spring again, and everything was all over again, and life seemed endless.
(21) But one morning I heard a sound under the window, as if my poplar was squealing. (22) I rushed to the window. (23) Below were scrapers and road rollers that were breaking through a new street, and a worker was cutting down a poplar standing in the middle of the road with an electric saw.
(24) And from above, I saw how a shiver passed through his entire green body, he staggered, thought for a moment and collapsed onto a new street, blocking it in its entire width with noisy green landslide foliage.
(25) And the red-brick, boring, bare wall of the house on the other side of the street opened up to me, and since then I have only seen it and a piece of the sky.
(26) I often remember my poplar. (27) And it still seems that he has not disappeared from the earth, but is growing somewhere in the forest, in the clearing, making noise with all the leaves.
(According to B. Yampolsky *)
* Boris Samoilovich Yampolsky (1912-1972), Russian writer.
20 Which of the statementsdo not matchthe content of the text? Specify the answer numbers.
1) Driving into a new empty apartment, the narrator saw an old poplar tree in the window.
2) Looking at the poplar, the hero recalled his childhood and looked for answers to the questions: who are you? What is a sense of life?
3) The poplar is still growing near the narrator's house.
4) Every spring, leaves bloomed on the poplar. And the narrator calls this process the miracle of renewal.
5) The hero does not regret at all that the old poplar was cut down, because it could fall and damage the house or injure a person.
21 Which of the following statements is erroneous? Specify the answer numbers.
1) Sentences 1-2 contain a narrative element.
2) Sentence 17 provides a description.
3) Sentences 21-22 contain narration.
4) Proposition 12 presents an argument.
5) Proposition 2 contains an argument.
Answer: ___________________________
22 From sentence 15 write out antonyms.
Answer: ___________________________
23 Among sentences 14-17, find one that is connected with the previous one usingpossessive pronoun and word forms. Write the number of this offer.
Answer: ___________________________
Read a fragment of a review based on the text that you analyzed while doing tasks 20-23. This fragment examines the language features of the text. Some terms used in the review are missing. Fill in the gaps (A, B, C, D) with the numbers corresponding to the number of the term from the list. Write in the table under each letter the corresponding number. Write the sequence of numbers in the ANSWER FORM No. 1 to the right of the task number 24, starting from the first cell, without spaces, commas and other additional characters. Write each number in accordance with the samples given in the form. |
24 “Remembering the poplar that once grew under the window, B. Yampolsky uses such paths as(A) ___________ (“lived by thousands of thousands of leaves” in sentence 6),(B) ______________ ("the poplar told them about me" in sentence 9). Such an approach as(IN) _________________ (in sentence 27), conveys the feelings of the author. And a trope like(G) _____________________(For example, " beautiful branches" in sentence 1), enhances the figurativeness of the text".
List of terms
1) rows of homogeneous members
2) impersonation
3) comparative turnover
4) hyperbole
5) parceling
6) opposition
7) dialectism
8) rhetorical question
State one of the problems provided by the author of the text.
Comment on the formulated problem. Include in the comment two illustration examples from the read text that you think are important for understanding the problem in the source text (avoid over-quoting).
Formulate the position of the author (narrator). Write whether you agree or disagree with the point of view of the author of the read text. Explain why. Argue your opinion, relying primarily on the reader's experience, as well as on knowledge and life observations (the first two arguments are taken into account).
The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.
A work written without relying on the text read (not on this text) is not evaluated. If the essay is a paraphrase or a complete rewrite of the source text without any comments, then such work is evaluated with 0 points.
PROMOK
A B C D E
4 2 3 8 7
FLOAT
REPUTIBLE
endured
GET SHOT
LOW
WHY
1234
UPPER LOWER
or UPPERBOTTOM
or UPPER BOTTOM
4269
Text Information
Main problems | |
Loneliness problem. (What helps a person cope with feelings of loneliness?) | Nature helps a person to get rid of the feeling of loneliness, to feel the joy of life. |
2. The problem of man's relationship to nature. (How is the poplar outside the window perceived by the hero of the story? Why did the poplar outside the window become “his poplar” for the hero?) | 2. In a city where a person can more acutely feel his isolation from nature, the trees near the house are often perceived as part of the living world of nature, understanding a person and sympathizing with him, instilling in him the joy of life. |
3. The problem of the relationship between man and nature c. (How is the life of an urban person connected with the life of nature?) | 3. A person living in a city feels especially keenly his connection with nature, the beauty of which helps to perceive the world around him more vividly. |
4. The problem of nature conservation. (Why does the death of a tree cause deep feelings in the human soul?) | 4. It is very important to preserve the natural urban landscape, because in the soul of a person there always lives a feeling of a deep relationship with the surrounding nature, the beauty of which gives rise to a thirst for life, a sense of beauty, a desire to preserve beauty. |
The authors of the articles are professional tutors I.M. Khrapova, T.V. Vorontsova and O.V. Gushchina
How to prepare for the exam in the Russian language? So you open a collection of typical test tasks for the Unified State Examination in the Russian language and understand that you managed to forget something, but you didn’t hear about something at all. Then you pick up a voluminous manual and understand that you don’t know on which page, in which section to look for information. How to combine theory and practice?
We offer you a short and effective path to success. We have analyzed for you separately each task of the exam in the Russian language. In each article you will find theoretical material that contains only what is necessary and sufficient to complete the USE assignments in Russian. we give you an algorithm for completing exam tasks. We will tell you what traps you can expect in a particular task. The material to be learned by heart is presented in the form of hint tables.
Take the test questions in order, from 1 to 26. You will notice that in subsequent tasks you build on the knowledge gained earlier. Consider our materials as a guide-instruction, constantly refer to them when solving USE tests in the Russian language.
What is the Unified State Examination in the Russian Unified State Examination. What are the requirements and criteria. What is KIM?
December essay on the Unified State Examination in the Russian language 2019-2020
How to prepare for the December essay - 2018?
Video course on Russian language and literature "December composition 2014".
This course describes the most winning topics of the December essay and reveals the technology of writing it. You will learn how to guarantee and with minimal time to get high results in the essay.
The author of the video course is the leading teacher of the Russian language and literature of the EGE-Studio company, candidate of philological sciences Tatyana Vladimirovna Vorontsova.
USE TEST - 2017 IN RUSSIAN LANGUAGE
OPTION 1
(module Adaptive Adsense block at the beginning of the article)
Part 1
Read the text and complete tasks 1-3.
(1) The invention of the transistor in the late 1940s was one of the biggest milestones in the history of electronics. (2) Vacuum tubes, which until then had been an indispensable and main element of all radio and electronic devices for a long time, had many drawbacks: first of all, the mechanical fragility of the tubes, their short service life, large dimensions, and low efficiency due to large heat losses at the anode should be attributed to them. (3) ... when these lamps were replaced in the second half of the twentieth century by semiconductor elements that did not have any of the listed flaws, a real revolution took place in radio engineering and electronics.
1. Indicate two sentences that correctly convey the MAIN information contained in the text. Write down the numbers of these sentences.
1) Semiconductor elements in the late 40s of the twentieth century replaced fragile and large vacuum tubes in radio and electronic devices.
2) The disadvantages of semiconductor elements can be considered their large dimensions and short service life.
3) In the second half of the twentieth century, the replacement of electron tubes with semiconductor elements used in radio and electronic devices and having many significant shortcomings can be considered revolutionary in radio engineering and electronics.
4) A real revolution took place in radio engineering and electronics, when in the second half of the twentieth century semiconductor elements were replaced by compact and durable vacuum tubes with a high efficiency.
5) A real revolution in radio engineering and electronics in the second half of the twentieth century was the replacement of large and fragile electron tubes in radio and electronic devices with compact semiconductor elements.
2. Which of the following words (combinations of words) should be in place of the gap in the third (3) sentence of the text? Write down this word (combination of words).
In turn, even
Quite the opposite though
3. Read the fragment of the dictionary entry, which gives the meaning of the word ELEMENT. Determine the meaning in which this word is used in the second (2) sentence of the text. Write down the number corresponding to this value in the given fragment of the dictionary entry.
ELEMENT -a; m.
1) an integral part of smth.; component. Expand the whole into e. Composite e. something // Characteristic movement, one figure of some kind. exercise, dance, etc. Gymnastic, dance Learn e. figure skating.
2) Spec. Detail of a structures, devices; unit of a sets. Prefabricated e. stairs. Semiconductor e. International e. vocabulary.
3) Spec. A simple substance that is indecomposable by conventional chemical methods into its component parts. Periodic system e. Lungs e.
4) A device that is a source of electric current generated by chemical energy. Galvanic e. dry e.
4. In one of the words below, a mistake was made in setting the stress: the letter denoting the stressed vowel was highlighted INCORRECTLY. Write out this word.
EARNED LEISURE
praying dowry
dose
5. In one of the sentences below, the underlined word is WRONGLY used. Correct the lexical error by choosing a paronym for the highlighted word. Write down the chosen word.
More than a hundred beluga whales were cut off from clean water by ice and ended up in ICE captivity in the narrow strait of the Bering Sea.
Native Odessans are people with a good sense of humor.
ANIMAL mores reigned in this tribe.
SINGLE specimens of giant stick insects found in Malaysia.
I have been waiting for the promised letter for a whole year.
6. In one of the words highlighted below, a mistake was made in the formation of the form of the word. Correct the mistake and write the word correctly.
THEIR problems THE KINDEST person
flew off the SHOULDER MOWING the lawn
SEVENTY tickets
7. Establish a correspondence between grammatical errors and sentences in which they are made: for each position of the first column, select the corresponding position from the second column.
|
GRAMMATICAL ERRORS |
OFFERS |
|
A) incorrect construction sentences with indirect speech |
1) Many of those who are passionate about astronomy, knows the location, movement, structure, origin and development of celestial bodies and the systems they have created. |
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B) disruption of communication between subject and predicate |
2) Lermontov became close to the editors magazine "Domestic Notes" met the critic V.G. Belinsky. |
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B) misuse case form of a noun with a pretext |
3) The first work of F.M. Dostoevsky, which caused delight among Nekrasov and Grigorovich, It was called "Poor People". |
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D) violation in construction proposals with uncoordinated application |
4) Gogol's story "Taras Bulba" was published in the collection of short stories "Mirgorod". |
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D) violation in construction sentences with participial turnover |
collection" was extraordinary. |
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6) The verses that condemned not only the murderer, but also court nobility - the culprit of the accomplished tragedy spread throughout Russia. |
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7) Socrates, the famous ancient Greek philosopher, assured that "I know that nothing |
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8) History of Russia from 1725 to 1762 marked by a number of palace coups, and due to the frequent changes of persons standing in head of state, the supreme power weakened. |
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9) In the fight against enemies, the Cossacks showed courage, heroism, were staunch warriors, devoted to the motherland, loyal comrades. |
| A | B | IN | G | D |
8. Determine the word in which the unstressed alternating vowel of the root is missing. Write out this word by inserting the missing letter.
prot ... ptat
pleasure
folding
fell ... gardener
9. Determine the row in which the same letter is missing in both words. Write these words out with the missing letter.
pr...equal, pr...enough
n ... fractionally, imagine ... imagine
neither ... lay down, in ... flutter
d ... dark, n ... sawn
pre...July, super...smart
10. Write down the word in which the letter E is written at the place of the gap.
wrap ... wag
limit ... to
wink... wink
peep...
grind ... grind
11. Write down the word in which the letter I is written at the place of the gap.
putting on... my
heating...my
squeezing ... sh
salted ...
cleaned...
12. Define a sentence in which NOT is written together with the word. Open the brackets and write out this word.
On the walls, instead of the usual hunters with green mustaches and purple dogs and portraits of generals (UNKNOWN to anyone), bunches of dried herbs hung.
The old woman (UN) FRIENDLY looked at me.
If you want, I will even (NOT) TELL anyone that I was here and saw you.
Your words are (NOT) FORGOTTEN by me.
LOVED (NOT) by anyone, she grew up gloomy.
13. Define a sentence in which both highlighted words are written together. Open the brackets and write out these two words.
(C) LEVA on a hillock SOME (WHERE) poppies turned red.
Ivan woke up (FOR) LIGHT and (B) FOR several seconds he could not figure out where he was.
In the (SEMI) DESTROYED city it was deserted, AS (IF) everyone was carried away with a powerful hurricane.
EVERYTHING (THIS) I still could not go (TO) MEETING with classmates.
The detachment was already in the very lowland, and (C) TOP the enemy cavalry rushed to him (TO) CUT.
14. Indicate all the numbers in the place of which N is written.
Everywhere, from the broken roof, the dusty rays of the midday (1) sun streamed onto the floor. At the other, destroyed (2) end of the huge structure, dozens of people scurried around with a load (3) stretcher; women drove loaded (6) wheelbarrows with gravel on the ground (4) on the ground (5) boards.
15. Arrange punctuation marks. Write two sentences in which you need to put ONE comma. Write down the numbers of these sentences.
1) The Order of St. Andrew the First-Called could be received for both military and civilian merits.
2) The George Cross was given only to the military for military merit and it could never be removed.
3) Numerous and heterogeneous in composition, the nobility generally opposed petty officials and merchants.
4) In Ancient Rus', a blow with the back of a hand or fist was considered dishonorable and shameful.
5) The love of the Gogol era is both eternal human love and the love of Chichikov and the love of Khlestakov.
16. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers where commas should be in the sentence.
Lazily turned the mill wheel (1) blackened from time (2) collecting (3) sleepily murmuring water (5) into slowly substituted boxes (4) being afraid to drop an extra drop of precious moisture.
17. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers where commas should be in the sentence.
In the modern view, the love of dancing is associated with the image of a person who is cheerful, sociable and (1) most likely (2) somewhat frivolous. However, (3) the serious and rather dry Prince Andrei Bolkonsky, prone to misanthropy and philosophical reflection, "was one of the best dancers of his time."
18. Place punctuation marks: indicate the number (s) in the place of which (s) in the sentence should (s) be a comma (s).
Peter the Great in a special instruction (1) the rigidity (2) and effectiveness of which (3) was known to many (4) ordered Russian midshipmen to be assigned to galleys one at a time (5), hoping to speed up their learning of foreign languages.
19. Place punctuation marks: indicate all the numbers where commas should be in the sentence.
Benjamin Franklin (1) laughing (2) assured (3) that (4) if scammers knew all the advantages of honesty (5) they would stop cheating for the sake of profit.
Read the text and complete tasks 20 - 25.
(1) Science fiction is the most important literary genre, because it is the one that "corresponds" to the spirit of the times... (2) All the most important problems of our time are the problems of science fiction. (3) Make a list of these problems for yourself. (4) I will compose too. (5) Now let's compare our lists.
(6) I am sure that both lists include the problem of interaction between man and machine, and in connection with it, the problem of morality, morality, which organically follows from such interaction.
(7) The history of science fiction is the history of ideas that changed the world but were first ridiculed and rejected. (8) Let me explain this idea.
(9) If thirty years ago in one of my stories I wrote that we would soon be surrounded by polluted air, poisoned water, deadly traffic, you would have exclaimed:
(10) - Vile fiction! (11) Pure fantasy!
(12) Now look around! (13) That time has come!
(14) If I wrote that the time will come and with the help of credit checks people will borrow from "tomorrow" in order to live today, you would snort indignantly:
(15) - Nonsense and lies! (16) Never!
(17) If I wrote about a device that transmits an image through the air and thereby affects the mentality of mankind, I would be thrown out the door. (18) If I wrote that one day people would land on the moon, how would you react? (19) I will say how they treated those who tried to mention this - they simply laughed at them. (20) They laughed in 1930, in 1940, in 1950. (21) They continued to laugh until the first artificial Earth satellite was launched in October 1957.
(22) A person became convinced that the predictions of science fiction come true only when he saw small metal stars traveling across the sky from west to east and inscribing new coils in the bizarre pattern of the New Time.
(23) Who would have believed me if, in 1920, I wrote that the day was not far off when one madman and his armored "bugs" would nullify the theory of lines of long-term defense?
(24) It wasn't until the fascist tanks appeared in France that everyone believed it.
(25) Hitler's tanks and armored vehicles razed Western Europe to the ground in a matter of weeks. (26) And only devices described in science fiction literature and called airplanes, not yet invented in 1900, still primitive in 1939, helped England to defend its airspace.
(27) This is only part of the list, in which one can count a thousand items.
(28) A few decades ago, radio, television, automobiles, the hydrogen bomb did not exist. (29) The air was clean.
(30) All the achievements of science and technology that have brought benefit or harm to mankind over the past fifty years, long before that, were born in the head of a science fiction writer.
(31) Serious times have come. (32) And science fiction is especially needed now because it makes attempts to study each new machine long before it appears and begins to destroy or rebuild us and the world around us.
(33) Now that we have almost fully harvested the harvest of technical innovations, we need to develop some kind of norms for the relationship between man and technology, so as not to be untenable in the face of the future.
(34) Plato told us about his dream state. (35) Science fiction writers subsequently also portrayed the states of steel, electricity and atomic energy that would make us different. (36) In this particular world of the solar system lost in space, we are beings who are trying to get to know and understand ourselves better, beings who are trying to create machines that have our minds, able to see, hear, feel the world better than us and - God willing - more kind. (37) This would extend the life of our planet by another two billion years if we achieve harmonious coexistence with the machines we have created.
(38) Can you name a greater goal than this?
(By R. Bradbury)
Raymond Douglas Bradbury is an American science fiction writer.
20. Which of the statements correspond to the content of the text? Specify the answer numbers.
1) The problems of science fiction are inextricably linked to the problems of our time.
2) Science fiction is essential as it studies every new machine that has appeared in our world.
3) Airplanes, described in science fiction literature, helped England defend its airspace.
4) Science fiction is no longer relevant in the modern world.
5) All the scientific and technological achievements of mankind, which brought him benefit or harm, were born long before that in the minds of science fiction writers.
21. Which of the following statements are true? Specify the answer numbers.
1) Proposals 18 - 20 and 21 are opposed in content.
2) Sentences 1 - 5 contain a descriptive fragment.
3) Sentences 9 - 13 contain an explanation for the judgment in sentence 7.
4) Sentences 17 - 19 contain reasoning.
5) Sentences 34 - 35 contain a narrative.
22. From sentences 15 - 17 write out contextual synonyms.
23. Among sentences 33 - 35, find one that is connected with the previous one with the help of a union. Write the number of this offer.
24. "Convincing the reader of the importance of science fiction as a literary genre, the writer uses a number of techniques. In the syntax of the text, attention is drawn to (A) _____ (sentences 9, 14, 17), (B) _____ (sentences 18 - 21), (C) ______ (sentence 38), and among the tropes - (D) _____ (sentence 33)".
List of terms:
1) extended metaphor
2) syntactic parallelism
3) rhetorical exclamation
4) question-answer form of presentation
5) rhetorical question
6) epiphora
7) hyperbole
8) colloquial and colloquial vocabulary
Write in the table the selected numbers under the corresponding letters.
| A | B | IN | G | D |
Part 2
25. Write an essay based on the text you read.
State one of the problems delivered the author of the text. Comment on the formulated problem. Include in the comment two illustration examples from the read text that you think are important for understanding the problem in the source text (avoid over-quoting).
Formulate the position of the author (narrator). Write whether you agree or disagree with the point of view of the author of the read text. Explain why. Argue your opinion, relying primarily on the reader's experience, as well as on knowledge and life observations (the first two arguments are taken into account).
The volume of the essay is at least 150 words.
A work written without relying on the text read (not on this text) is not evaluated. If the essay is a paraphrase or a complete rewrite of the source text without any comments, then such work is evaluated with 0 points.
Write an essay carefully, legible handwriting.
Information about the text of part 1:
Answers:
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