I. Each of us accumulates our own theoretical and practical experience and comes up with our own original solutions. Today I present to you a master class on the topic “Techniques for working on spelling vocabulary words.”

– To write dictionary words correctly, what needs to be done?
- Learn, remember.
– Indeed, in traditional practice, vocabulary words are subject to rote memorization, which is ineffective, and children continue to make mistakes in these words. Why? The answer is simple.

When becoming acquainted with “dictionary” words, the child is usually assigned a passive role. But children are inquisitive, resourceful, inventive - this is what we need to use.

– Today, at the master class, we will master techniques for working with children on writing vocabulary words through various types of activities, i.e. through the use of an activity approach.

II. Game “Insert the missing letter”.

Words: vinaigrette, front garden, agronomist (an unstressed vowel is missing in each word).

I ask you to raise the desired letter on the card.

Number of mistakes in the room – 1.

III. Using eidetic techniques to develop spelling skills.

- That's your problem! To solve this, the methods of eidetics and mnemonics are used.

“Eidos” is an image in Greek. In order to remember an untestable letter, you need to “revive” the letter, create its “image” in a specific word. Images in a person are created when exposed to the senses - a trace of the impact remains in the figurative memory (these are the basics of psychology).

The essence of this method is to come up with an image for a dictionary word that will be imprinted in memory and will involuntarily emerge. Having the support they themselves invented, children do not make mistakes in such words. Over time, the skill decreases, and the memorized word is easily recalled without an invented image. This is why it is important to apply eidetics the first time you encounter a vocabulary word.

“Associative clues”, with the help of which we remember the spelling of “difficult” words.

The vinaigrette(Latin vinum – vinegar, vinegar-based salad dressing).

Front garden. Many students misinterpret the meaning of the word, correlating the front garden with the gr. poly(“many, many”). Based on this interpretation, they mistakenly replace the vowel o with a in the first syllable. To eliminate this error, it is enough to explain the etymology of the word. At the core front garden lies latin word palus- “pointed stick”. Thus, the test word has been found.

Agronomist- Greek agros field and ómos law.

Technique No. 1. Explanation of the lexical meaning of the word, etymology of the word.
Technique No. 2. Method of sound associations.

a) Phonetic (sound) associations (by similarity of sound).
The point is the successful selection of consonant associations for the memorized word. May be accompanied by a bright pattern that reinforces the image.
Passenger - p ace fat takes a ticket to ass e.
Street - on persons I meet friends persons A.
West - for pad e sun pad aet.

b) Another word is hidden in the word.
Horizon – burn, umbrella! (Draw this fantastic story.)
Cloud - on about varnish e varnish
Swimmer – pilaf the baby is swimming in pilaf e.
Nightingale – solo wey sings solo.

c) Children imagine some action, smell, and include tactile and taste sensations. For example, a mini-fairy tale: “Women cabbage soup on cooking cabbage soup She is a good housewife. The house smells delicious of cabbage soup. They're hot."

Children develop great attention to the word, its structure, composition, etymology. Children see the word from different sides. They learn to think, reason, discuss words.

Technique No. 3. Graphic associations - mnemonics (based on the similarity of the image).

“Mnemonics (Greek Mnemonika - the art of memorization). Mnemonics is a set of techniques and methods that facilitate memorization and increase memory capacity through the formation of artificial associations.”

The point is to see the similarity between the shape of the letter and the object. Children must make drawings themselves, either directly in their notebooks during class or in individual dictionaries.

The method of graphic associations or mnemonics includes such puzzles, poems, drawings, groupings of words that evoke certain associations, i.e., the essence is that the memorized letter is encrypted in the form of a graphic image - a picture. It is easy to remember and easy to remember when needed. The process of drawing up an image and memorizing a word will already be a game, and a useful, educational, creative game.

Technique No. 4. “Muscle memory.”

And now we’ve turned around......we write:“The first vowel in the word enthusiasm, the second vowel in the word training” (the letter is written on the back of the student sitting in front).

The letter on the back was recommended by Peter Young and Colin Tire in the book Teach Your Child to Read. Make sure your child feels what you wrote, explain to him what the letter is and ask him to write it on paper. This system works thanks to “muscle memory”: the ability to remember information through the actions of the body.

IV. So, let's name the missing letters: ...

Word (in chorus).

Vinaigrette, front garden, agronomist, horizon, cloud, apple, enthusiasm, training.

Technique No. 5. Highlighting an unstressed vowel in size and color and is hung throughout the classroom by the students themselves using tape.

Technique No. 6. Reverse dictations.

The teacher suggests the meaning of a given word, the children define the word. Further work can be structured in the following way: either the children themselves write down the word and identify dangerous places, or there is a collective analysis of the word, i.e. according to the principle of a commented letter.

For such dictations, the teacher needs to have several options for meanings, from simple to more complex, so that if they have difficulty answering, children have the opportunity to independently come to the given word. It is advisable, if possible, to have cards with a picture of a vocabulary word.

Agronomist –

1) specialist in improving agricultural culture;
2) a person who knows the laws of agriculture.

Director -

1) head of an enterprise, institution;
2) a person who knows how to manage a team.

1) not far from something;
2) approximately.

I chose the following types of exercises for work:

• Sound association method;
• Method of graphic associations (mnemonics);
• Writing a word from different angles (in the sun);
• Highlighting the unstressed vowel in size and color;
• Use of language material;
• Spelling five minutes;
• Dictations are the opposite.

While externally entertaining, the exercises are based on modern scientific ideas about the structure of attention and memory.
The result of using this method is the qualitative changes that occur in schoolchildren in the process of learning the Russian language (reduction of errors in written work).

This method of learning to memorize words ensures children success in their studies and gives them the joy of communicating with letters and words. The letter becomes a friend to the child; there will be no disappointments, failures, or tears because of it.

Experience has shown that the systematic use of these techniques makes it possible to significantly increase the effectiveness of teaching vocabulary words compared to teaching using traditional techniques.

When using the described techniques for working with words with unverifiable spellings, students learn the spelling of not only the words provided by the program, but also many others. And every teacher knows: the more words a student learns, the richer his speech, the easier it is for him to learn, the deeper and stronger his knowledge in all subjects.

Hello, dear parents and teachers! Not long ago, I provided you with and promised to tell you how to organize your work with dictionary words so that memorizing dictionary words occurs easily and for a long time. Here, I am keeping my promise.

In short: we will consider a technique that has already been tested in practice at school and has shown good results. The following questions are covered: how to remember vocabulary words with the help of associations, depicting vocabulary words in pictures, as well as how to properly organize a dictation with vocabulary words, based on the methodology outlined below.

Having mastered this technique of working with vocabulary words and applying it in practice, you will also achieve good results from your children (students).

And the children themselves will stop wondering how to learn vocabulary words without cramming!

Methodology for working with dictionary words from A to Z (based on the association method)

1. Introduction of a new vocabulary word

We write a new word on the board. We ask a question:

— In what places can mistakes be made?

Based on the children's answers, problem areas in the word are highlighted.

We build an association associated with the word itself and the spelling in it.

Let's draw a picture of this association.

We derive the rule.

An example of a vocabulary word discussion:

—Where can a mistake be made?

— You can write KOSMA S.

We emphasize the second letter O.

— What is there in space that looks like the letter O?

— Planets, they are round.

- How many such letters do we have in a word?

- So let’s draw two planets!

Children draw this picture in their notebooks. The teacher (or the person on duty) makes a large picture, which will be useful during dictations with vocabulary words.

- Let's make a rule.

Rule: Space - two planets.

2. Dictation with vocabulary words

Vocabulary dictations are carried out in three stages:

Stage 1: Dictation with a rule spoken out loud

During dictation, a word is called, a picture of the association of a vocabulary word is shown, and the rule derived earlier is spoken aloud.

Stage 2: Silent vocabulary dictation

During dictation, a word is named and vocabulary words are silently shown in association pictures.

Stage 3: Regular vocabulary dictation

So, I hope that the method of working with dictionary words itself was more than clear to you. And as a bonus to this article, I will tell you about some associations that students built based on 3rd grade vocabulary words, and I will show you vocabulary words in pictures based on these associations. Use them or come up with other associations. The main thing is that as a result, memorizing vocabulary words should be easy!

Vocabulary words: associations and pictures

HEALTHY

Association and picture: hidden in the word is a healthy (huge) letter combination ORO - draw it on the entire sheet.

CUCUMBER

Association and picture: the letter O looks like a cucumber. The cucumber is smooth and does not have such shoots as the letter A.

FREEZING

Association and picture: without frost there are no snowflakes, and snowflakes are similar in shape to the letter O. Two letters O - two snowflakes.

BREAKFAST

Association and picture: For breakfast, they eat a pretzel (which looks like the letter B) with tea (which in English starts with the letter T). And especially noble people in Rus' ate Crayfish for breakfast.

CANDY

Association and picture: Chupa Chups looks like the letter O.

HOLIDAY

Association and picture: A holiday is a day on which gifts are given, so we draw a gift (gift). The combination DN sounds when we say: Happy Birthday!

Sorry

Association and picture: this word, like all polite words, is magical. Therefore, you need to draw three magic letters I.

METRO

Association and picture: hidden in the word metro is the word METER.

BO TINOC

Association and picture: Someone wears boots, and someone wears boots. Boot is another name for BOT.

PA LTO

Association and picture: it was difficult for the children to come up with this, so they left a big red letter A. (Tip: associations of vocabulary words simply with individual letters should be rarely associated, so that children do not get confused in such associations!)

NO CALL

Association and picture: Two letters E ring a bell.

HOCKEY

Association and picture: There are 2 teams in hockey, so we draw 2 hockey players.

ALL EYA

Association and picture: An alley is a row of trees. Since there are two letters L, we draw two trees, and in front of them is the beginning of the alley - the beginning of the alphabet - the letter A.

POOL

Association and picture: a) Find two words that are hidden in the word POOL: ba s, this; b) two letters C - two waves on the water.

DISHES

Association and picture: Name a dish similar to O. (Plate)

BASKET

Association: What female name is hidden in the word? (Zina). We were picking mushrooms and saw Zina. We didn’t expect to see her, so we were very surprised: Oooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooooo

Well, I tried to outline in as much detail as possible the entire methodology for working with dictionary words. I hope that the work done will be useful to you too. Let your students no longer be tormented by the question of how to remember vocabulary words. I wish you success in working with children!

I think that Elena will please you more than once with her developments. Do not miss!

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The emergence of the sound association method is due to the fact that in all languages ​​of the world there are words that sound the same, but at the same time have different meanings.

The method of memorizing the correct spelling of words using sound associations is most often in demand among high school students and adults. This method helps you remember the spelling of words of any complexity. It resembles the method of memorizing foreign words using phonetic associations.

What is the method of memorizing the spelling of words using sound associations?

As practice shows, even adults with higher education sometimes have difficulty writing grammatically difficult words.

This is not surprising; the Russian language has a lot of vocabulary words, and school years are quickly erased from memory. To memorize the correct spelling for the longest time, the method of phonetic associations is used.

Let's look at what this method is using a specific example. Let's take the word VINEGRETTE. His competent writing often raises questions. To make it easier to remember, let’s break one word into two consonant ones: “wine” and “negro.”

Then we make a short plot of them: "The black man washed down by the vinaigrette." It is desirable that the plot be expressive and memorable.

Let's take another word: STADIUM. To remember it, you can use the words “herd” and “wild”. Sample plot: “A HERD of WILD animals was grazing in the stadium.”

This approach leaves a clear picture in the memory, and with it the spelling is remembered.

Step-by-step application of the sound association technique

Let's analyze step by step the algorithm for memorizing the spelling of a word using the method of phonetic associations:

1. Make sure that you want to remember exactly the correct spelling of the word and that it is absolutely impossible to find test words for it.
2. Select consonant words so that they contain the part that causes difficulty in writing. There should be no doubt about the correct spelling of such words.
3. Compose a simple and memorable story from consonant words. It can be anything: funny, bright, extraordinary. An unusual plot is always remembered faster. Turn on your sense of humor.
4. Try using methods of revitalization and co-sensation. Try to “feel” the plot. Imagine it as real as possible. This will increase the efficiency of memorization, since several types of memory are involved in the process: tactile, auditory, kinesthetic.
5. Spell out loud several times the difficult word and the plot that you came up with to memorize. When writing, highlight the problematic parts of consonant words. The interaction of visual and auditory memory will help you remember the problem word faster.

Sections: Primary School

In days of doubt, in days of painful thoughts
about the fate of my homeland - you are the only one for me
support and support, O great, mighty one,
truthful and free Russian language!
Without you, how not to fall into despair
at the sight of everything that is happening at home?
But one cannot believe that such language
was not given to the great people!

I. S. Turgenev

The problem of competent writing is especially relevant these days, since recently literacy and, in general, knowledge of the native language have become the lot of a narrow circle of specialists. Not only has the literacy level of the population as a whole fallen sharply, but the quality of newspapers, magazines, and published books has also greatly decreased. Spelling and punctuation errors have become commonplace, although for any intelligent person at the beginning of the century the question of whether a doctor, artist, engineer, etc. should have seemed strange. be literate. After all, it has long been known that language is a mirror of both social and moral processes occurring in society.

Typically, the spelling of words follows certain rules. But there are words for which there are no rules, and you just need to remember them. These are the so-called dictionary words.

In the primary gymnasium according to the RO program, we must memorize about 500 words. As you can see, there are a lot of words and there are many mistakes when writing them. The reason for the many difficulties in working with these words is probably that we do not use rational ways of memorizing them.

We started working on the problem of quickly memorizing vocabulary words in third grade. We found out that you can remember the spelling of dictionary words not only by memorizing and writing them down several times, but also in other ways: by etymology and association.

...The sensitive reeds are dozing. Silence
- desolation around. Slightly noticeable
dewy path...

These charming lines bring back to life a beautiful Russian morning on the shore of a lake or river at any time of the year. The words just flow, stringing one on top of the other, and one becomes joyful from the imaginary silence, memories of a light meadow path among lush grass... And few people think that the words SENSITIVE and CHUT are relatives, that they “grew up” in one “family” with the words SENSITIVE, SYMPATHY, FEEL AWARE. All the more amazing

it will seem a fact that these words are related to the Latin verb caveo“look around, be on guard, be wary.” A very serious, very interesting and extremely complex science helps to prove the existence of connections between words in the past, to reveal their big and small secrets - etymology. It can help us not only the meaning of a word, but also its spelling; it can tell us not only about its birth, but also about wanderings in different languages ​​and about the ways in which each foreign language influences it.

CORRIDOR and DIRECTOR, ALBUM and PENCIL - where did they come from, why should they be written this way and not otherwise? Etymology will help us solve these questions. However, to find out the spelling, it is not always necessary to trace all the stages that a word has passed through. Sometimes it is enough to learn the form from the source language or the corresponding formations from closely related languages.

In this work, we tried to explain and justify the spelling of some dictionary words using etymology.

The textbook by V.V. helped us with this. Repkin “Russian language, grade 2” (developmental education program). In the text “Former Relatives” it is stated that the word capital is somehow similar to the word table? And this is no coincidence. These words were once close relatives.

In the old days, a table was called not only what we call it, but also the place on which the prince, the ruler of the country, sat. The city where he lived was called the capital city or simply the capital.

Now no one considers these words related. When they talk about the table, they don’t remember any rulers. A table is just furniture. And the capital is the main city of the country. Completely different words.

But it is still useful to remember their past relationship. It is immediately clear that words have their own long and interesting life. And you probably can’t write the letter A in the word capital. (Annex 1.)

We believe that this method is accessible to everyone, because the history of the origin of a word must be found out using etymological dictionaries.

The essence of the method is that a difficult spelling is associated with a vivid associative image, which is remembered when writing a word, helping to write the word correctly. If you want to use this method, do this:

1. Write down a vocabulary word (Word word) and put emphasis.

/ For example: Birch

2. Highlight (underline, circle) the syllable that evokes
difficulties (doubt) when writing.

For example: be.- re - for

3. Write out the doubtful syllable separately, highlighting it in size
questionable spelling.

For example: b_E., b_e..

4. Find an associative image (As. image) associated with a dictionary word,
write it down next to the vocabulary word.

Requirements for an associative image

The associative image must be connected with the vocabulary word by some common feature.

The associative connection can be by:

An associative image must have in its spelling a letter that is questionable in the dictionary word.

For example:

The word As. image * birch

By color _white..

*birch - curly: needed _crest.- to comb

Shaped like the letter _E..

Result: b E.cut – b E.barking, - gr E. ben (_E.)

5. Depict a vocabulary word combined with an associative image
(drawing and/or intersection of words through questionable spelling).

For example:

6. Read the vocabulary word and clearly reproduce the word found out loud
associative image, representing their unification and connecting and
questionable spelling.

Here are some examples:

newspaper - paper

plant - pipe

ynEY - white, snow cabbage - hare

pencil - edge, paper

While working on the topic, we found rational ways to memorize vocabulary words. We hope the work will help you, you won’t have to spend a long time and tediously memorizing every word. Just use your imagination, and the word will remain in your memory forever. Make Russian language lessons interesting and enjoy the joy of discovery.

WE WISH YOU GOOD LUCK!

Literature.

1. Kanakina V.P. “Work on difficult words”, Moscow, “Enlightenment”, 1994.
2. Olgovich SI. “Etymology and spelling”, Tomsk, “Peleng”, 1996
3. Popova T. “A Word about a Dictionary Word.”
4. Repkin V.V. “Russian language”, 2nd grade, Tomsk, “Peleng”, 1997
5. Shansky N.M., Bobrova T.A. “Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language”, Moscow, “Proserpina”, 1994.

I guarantee that most adults have already forgotten what dictionary words are and how they once received a bad mark for the same mistake in a word. coat. Although even a well-educated person with a higher education (or even more than one) will stumble over a treacherous word the vinaigrette.

It's different for kids in elementary school. For them now, vocabulary words are the biggest headache. Well, maybe in second place after the multiplication table. But it’s much easier to memorize a table than to memorize a spelling dictionary.

And sometimes high school students have trouble with words like immunity And disqualification. This article is about how to help them learn complex spellings.

Since Russian vocabulary words are such a big problem for schoolchildren, we offer several recommendations and ways to solve it. And you, parents, keep your head up and help your children.

What are dictionary words?

Dictionary They name words in which the spelling of some letters cannot be checked according to the rules. Or there are such rules, but, for example, it is difficult to choose a test word (it is outdated, does not belong to the literary language, etc.) These include native Russian words and all sorts of borrowings from other languages. The latter are especially difficult. Here's how to explain why in the word jury letter U, not U? No, just remember.

All vocabulary words can be divided into groups:

• words with an unchecked vowel ( lampshade, idiom, moon rover);
• words with a double consonant ( illusion, column, kilogram);
• words with unpronounceable consonants ( agency, hello, clear);
• words with a hard separator ( injection, adjutant, conjunctivitis);
• words with prefixes pre/at ( despise compare with look upon);
• hyphenated words ( I'll say hello, Ivan-tea, all-in);
• words with separate spelling ( tight, in the bosom, on the eye);
• words with continuous spelling ( white, shattered, sideways);
• and some other cases.

There is no shame in learning the spelling of vocabulary words not only for schoolchildren, but also for adults. So that you less often have to look into a spelling dictionary for hints. How to do this faster and more efficiently?

How will we learn vocabulary words?

In the next section we will look in detail at various memorization techniques. For now, let’s discuss some general points.

So, to learn as many vocabulary words as possible, you need to make a list to memorize. For example, use an alphabetical index. There are many teaching aids that contain lists of words that schoolchildren are supposed to learn in each grade. Kids, for example, are supposed to remember about 200 words.

It’s better to learn little by little, but every day. Even 15 minutes of exercise daily is much more than nothing. The same principle applies here as when learning foreign languages. Regularity is one of the significant components of success.

It is also worth having your own spelling dictionary, where your child will write down the complex words that he is currently learning. You can do it this way: take an ordinary student notebook, cut it in half - and the dictionary is ready. This “half notebook” is easier to use than a whole one. It takes up less space in your bag. In addition, fewer words fit on a page divided in half - just enough to be conveniently repeated at a time.

Learning words - algorithm:

• have the child read the vocabulary word out loud syllable by syllable;
• explain to him the meaning of the word or look into the dictionary together;
• indicate the emphasis in the word, and underline the spelling or highlight it in a different color (pen, marker, colored pencil);
• write down several words with the same root for this word, make up a phrase or sentence, you can use antonyms and synonyms to create associative chains;
• transfer the word to a homemade dictionary;
• try one or more memory methods.

What these methods are will be discussed below.

Ways to remember vocabulary words

There are several such methods and many of them are based on associations. High school students can handle the task themselves. But kids may need help from their parents. Find time in your schedule to spend time with your child. Your participation will help him learn Russian vocabulary words faster and easier. And besides this, such joint activities greatly bring together and strengthen the family.

Method 1 - write a story: you can take a few vocabulary words and write a short story in just a few sentences.

Words can be united by one topic: “ We bought a ticket to the ballet, our seats are on the balcony. To see the stage better, we took binoculars with us.”

Or they could be words with the same spelling. You can write a story in which " The athlete in the Arena ate an Orange.”

The main thing is that the child himself participates in the composition. The story does not have to be very coherent or particularly logical - the main thing is that the result is a memorable image. Lively enough to remain in the memory for a long time - and difficult words will be remembered along with it.

Method 2 – draw pictures: You can, of course, find ready-made cards with words on the Internet, but making them yourself is much more effective.

Together with your child, come up with a bright and memorable image for a complex word and draw it together. Be sure to reflect those letters whose spelling is difficult to remember in your picture.

For example, hippopotamus can be depicted sitting on his tail - then his legs and torso form the letter E. Or the letter can be included in the drawing: draw a big Nut and circle it with the letter O.

By the way, if there are several spellings in a word, sequentially put them all on the drawing: so E, O and I in the word bike can be depicted as a steering wheel, wheel and frame.

This method is good for nouns that elementary school students have to memorize. It is of little use for abstract concepts.

Method 3 – we decline the dictionary word: you just need to write down a word with a complex spelling in all cases.

I.p. horizon

R.p. horizon

D.p. horizon

V.p. horizon

etc. horizon

P.p. (O) horizon

This practice, which uses motor memory, helps to learn spelling.

Method 4 – come up with associations: this path is just good for abstract concepts. Memorizing in this way is similar to learning foreign words. This is probably why high school students and adults prefer it.

Associative chains can be built on sound similarity. That is, select words where a similar spelling is stressed. And which also sound similar. For example, remember that eyewitness « oh no in and dit", and makeup « ma ma applies ki stu".

An image based on associations should be quite bright and logical, maybe funny. The vowel being tested must be in a stressed position, the unpronounceable consonant must be clearly audible, etc. To remember the spelling of a word skates, you can imagine “a horse on horse kah." And for the word Honestly learn that “one must act honestly for the sake of honor And".

By the way, you can combine several methods for more effective memorization. Especially such words where several spellings come together at once. So, you can come up with an image based on associations, sketch it and indicate the untestable letter in the picture. Let's take the floor plasterer: imagine that “the plasterer has a funny thing, and also he tour ist". Draw a man with a brush that looks like the letter W. And let him stand with his legs spread wide apart and look like the letter A.

Method 5 – use stickers: This method can be considered as the final stage after all the previous methods.

Let's say you and your child drew funny pictures for vocabulary words. Now cut them out and hang them in different places around the house. And in the child’s room (perhaps above the desk), and in the bathroom - let him admire it while he brushes his teeth. And even, don’t laugh, in the toilet. Well, don’t let time be wasted.

They came up with a vivid image, composed a short story based on associations, wrote down the vocabulary word in their homemade dictionary - and at the same time made a note with this word on a sticky note. The more often words come across in different non-learning situations, the faster they will be remembered.

Summarize

It is common to complain that foreign languages ​​are difficult to learn. But think about how difficult it is to learn Russian. We adults rarely think about this. But they themselves have gone through the difficult path that our children are now walking.

We can help them and make it easier for them to memorize words with difficult spellings. If you turn it into a game for toddlers and a fun puzzle for high school students, it will become much easier.

Be creative with the methods we have suggested for you. There are no strict rules for learning vocabulary words. Just little tricks that someone once came up with, tried and told others about them. So you, too, tell your friends on social networks about this article. Let us know in the comments what methods your children use.

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