Interjections as part of speech

Presentation on Russian language for grades 7-11

What is an interjection ?

• An interjection is an unchangeable part of speech that is neither an independent nor an auxiliary part of speech. She expresses various feelings and motives, but does not name them: oh, ah, oh, ba, god. Interjections do not name the subject, i.e. they have no nominative function.

Types of interjections

by origin

Non-derivatives

Derivatives

interjections do not correlate with words of other parts of speech and usually consist of one, two or three sounds: a, oh, uh, ah, oh, oh, wow, alas .

interjections are formed from words of other parts of speech: a) verbs ( hello, goodbye, guess what? ); b) nouns ( Fathers, guard, Lord ); c) adverb ( quite, full ); d) pronouns ( same thing ).

This group also includes complex interjections like ah-ah-ah, oh-oh-oh.

Derived interjections include words of foreign origin ( hello, bravo, bis, kaput ).

Types of interjections

by origin

Primary

interjections are not formed from other parts of speech: ah, oh, wow, hey .

Secondary

interjections formed from other parts of speech: from nouns ( Nonsense! Trouble! Lid! Right! ), from verbs ( Hello! Farewell !), from adverbs and pronouns ( That's the same! Enough! ).

Non-primeval

interjections are a group of words correlated with words or forms of one or another significant part of speech ( fathers, mothers, Lord, damn ).

A large number of these interjections are associated with the verb: quit, it will be, excuse me, please, have mercy, get ready, that’s enough .

There are rare non-primitive interjections associated with pronominal words, adverbs, particles or conjunctions: there, that, ek, ek; out, away, away; already, however; tsh, tsh, tss, shhhh (from quieter) . It is also customary to include indivisible or weakly indivisible combinations of a primitive interjection with a particle or pronoun: yeah, on you (nate), well, well, yeah, oh , as well as connections well, well, by the way .

Antiderivatives

interjections that in modern language have no connection with any of the significant parts of speech: a, aha, ay, ay, ah, ba, brr, scat, gay, ey-ey, them, on, but, well, oh, wow, oh, oh, whoa, whoa, ugh, alas, uh-lu- lyu, ugh, uh, fi, fu, ha, hee, ho, chick, hey, ehm, eh, um, hmm .

Types of interjections by structure

Simple

Complex

Composite

consist of one word (oh, oh, alas)

formed by combining two or three interjections (ah-ah-ah, oh-oh-oh, father-lights )

consist of two or more words (alas and ah; same thing; here you go; here you go)

1. Emotional

The boundary between purely emotional interjections and emotional-evaluative ones is not always clear enough

Interjections of emotional assessment, (emotional-evaluative)

wow (wow), cool, Oh, as much as possible, mmm, Oh, how tired I am, Ay, save me! Ay-yay-ay, Phew, finally, Oh, that's another matter, Yes! Hooray! Yeah, that's how it is! Hey, he’s not so simple, Ah, so that’s right?

Interjections of emotional state (situational)

ah, oh, wow, ah, ugh, fathers, Lord, phi, hell, bravo, hurray, brr, ba, oh, uh, eh, oooh, oh-oh-oh, chu, oh my god , thank God, hurray, alas, Oh!, oh-oh-oh, Ah!, ah-ah-ah, wow (wow!), oops, yes, fu, uh-huh, um, hmm, WELL!

Types (categories) of interjections by semantics (meaning)

2. Incentive (imperative, imperative)

encore, down, march, come on, shh, away, away, out, stop, scatter, chick, shh, ch-ch-ch, kitty-kiss, chick-chick, but, whoa, guard, hello, Apchhi! Bo-o! Ooh! Bang Bang! Ooty-way! One or two! Hello-hop! Quiet! Om-Nom-nom! Hrrrr! Bye-bye! WELL!

Types (categories) of interjections by semantics (meaning)

3. Verbals (onomatopoeic)

bam, knock, bang, cheburakh, clap, fuck, zhik, stunned!, jumped!, got it!, steamed!

4. Label

thank you, merci, hello, hello, bye, bye, good night, happy holidays, good health, all the best, see you, good morning, goodbye, forgive me, excuse me, hello those), great

Types (categories) of interjections by semantics (meaning)

5. Swear words

damn, damn, damn, damn, Lord, my God, Mother Queen of Heaven, tell me, my fathers, the devil knows what, what a miracle, damn it, tell me For mercy, here's another! was not! here you go! here's one for you!

Ways to form interjections

stable phraseological combinations and individual phraseological units

Here's another! Was not! Here you go! Here's your time! Damn it! My God! Fathers of light! It's tobacco! That's the story! Damn it!

transition to another part of speech

Trouble! Trouble!; Cholera! Dog! Dog! Blue-winged dove! Ooty-way! Amazing! I jumped! Got it! I'm tired of it!

borrowing (copy ( usually incomplete and inaccurate ) words or expressions from one language to another)

Wow (wow!), oops, yes! (from English) , Kaput! (from German), let's go (from Tatar), guard (from Turkish), Hello (from French) Bravo, bis (from Latin)

uh femization

paragraph, kopets, koptsy, kranty

Syntactic role of interjections in a sentence

Interjections can act as independent exclamatory statements. They are syntactically independent, i.e. are not related to other members of the sentence.

Interjections are possible within a sentence, for example: Ay echoed through the forest! (interjection as subject ). Suddenly I heard ah! (interjection as an object). He's fucking me over the head! (interjection in the role of a predicate, the role of the interjection approaches the verb). Mousetrap bang, slammed shut (interjection in the role of a predicate, the role approaches the verb).

Interjections in spoken youth speech and slang

Damn it, screw it up, okay, oops, fuck it...

Look how big it is! - So!

Are you aware that you have a problem? - So

It was worth pushing, and the hobana! - all is ready!

Bams! And she started!

So, get out of here!

A significant area for the use of interjections are chats, forums in Internet , telephone SMS. According to observations, these interjections are widely used in the speech of young people and schoolchildren.

Interjections of youth vocabulary penetrate into literary works, on TV screens, and feature films as the realities of today. Just watch “Our Russia”, “Give it, youth!” or read the novels of D. Dontsova. (For example: “Well, finally straight! - stared eyes Erin. – Listen , baby... Go home, get some sleep.” "Fast speech Rita was interrupted by a mobile phone ringing. .. young woman grabbed the phone. - Yah? - she exclaimed. - What is he doing? Bay! Let's come!").

Interjection is a characteristic feature of the conversational style, its vocal element. The role of interjections in oral speech is great: they give the statement a national flavor, naturalness and emotionality. The modern interjection succinctly, briefly and consciously expresses a person’s attitude towards everything that he may encounter. The interjection, as a word that serves to express emotions, convey the feelings and motives of the speaker, carries important information that must be conveyed in order to preserve the true message of the author. Interjections serve the purpose of saving linguistic resources. For example, I did not expect to see or meet my friend in some place. Surprise at this can be expressed in sentences: And are you here?, How did you get here? You didn't intend to come here. Who do I see?! , or maybe with one interjection: Bah! You can call for silence and calm down with the following sentences: Quiet please, I can't hear anything , or maybe with one interjection: Shh!

Interjective sentences

INTERMETAL are sentences consisting of interjections pronounced in an appropriate exclamatory or motivating tone.

Interjection sentences express the feelings or motivations of the speakers, for example: 1) Ugh! Mistaken (Gr.) - expression of annoyance. 2) Bah! All familiar faces (Gr.) - expression of surprise. 3) U ! How fresh and good! (G.) - expression of admiration. 4) On the! - urge to take. 5) Out! - a sharp order to leave, etc.

Often an interjection sentence is formed by a phraseological phrase of an interjection nature, for example: Here you go!(expression of disappointment). Was not!(readiness to do something with some uncertainty of success), etc. Like all phraseological phrases, these interjection phrases do not break down into parts, and sentences, therefore, are indivisible.

Attention!

Those in which the interjection is used as another part of speech and is any member of it cannot be considered interjection sentences, for example: It thundered in the distance hooray (P.) - interjection hooray used as a noun and is the subject. Bell ding-ding-ding (P.) - interjection ding-ding-ding used as a verb and is a predicate. Oh yes honey! It hits both the head and the legs (P.) - interjection oh yeah used in the meaning of a qualitative adjective (“good, excellent”) and is a predicate in the sentence.

Punctuation marks for interjection sentences.

Interjective sentences are separated by a question mark, an exclamation mark, a period oh, many dots or commas.

EXAMPLES. 1) Ahh.. ! - Crutch was surprised, listening to Lipa. Ahh !.. Well- y? (Ch.) 2) Shhh ...Well, why are you shouting? (Crimea.) 3) Well , I've got it all sorted out. (Gonch.) 4) These people sing terribly... ugh ! Like jackals. (Ch.) 5) Guard ! Take, you damned one, both the horse and the cart. just don’t destroy my soul! Guard ! (Ch.) 6) I, oh yeah , not guilty either in soul or body. (M.G.) 7. I, Alas ! didn't understand him.

It is necessary to distinguish particles similar to them from interjections, which are not separated by a comma. Compare

EXAMPLES: ABOUT, you were a playful child. (P.) But I don’t want, oh friend, to die. (P.)(In the first example, o is an interjection expressing admiration; in the second, it is a particle of address.)

2. The interjection is not separated by commas when it is part of a sentence, for example, a predicate with the meaning of the imperative mood:

On a book! March from here! Ida to the Volga, guys!

Gavrilova Tatyana

Vladimirovna,

Teacher of Russian language and literature

MKOU "Sosnovskaya Secondary School"

Resources used

https://imgfotki.yandex.ru/get/6734/134091466.19a/0_ffe4d_295db0bf_orig

Board https://imgfotki.yandex.ru/get/4801/134091466.1b6/0_106a1d_73041ae6_orig

https://imgfotki.yandex.ru/get/6511/134091466.0

/0_8dcaa_d81cfe24_orig

Girl https://img-fotki.yandex.ru/get/6513/

Plan Grammatical meaning of interjections Functions of interjections Groups of interjections Punctuation marks and hyphens in interjections Derivative and non-derivative interjections Onomatopoeic words General information about onomatopoeic words Unusuality of onomatopoeic words Interjection and onomatopoeic words

Onomatopoeic words. Interjections are accompanied by onomatopoeic words that do not express either feelings or motivation to action, but convey the cries of animals and birds, the sounds of inanimate nature: meow, qua, mu-u, glug-glug, ha-ha-ha. It’s interesting to live in the world if you know interjections!

General information on onomatopoeic words Onomatopoeic words, like interjections, are the basis for the formation of words of other parts of speech: nouns, adjectives, verbs that are actively used in speech. For example: The frog insisted that it was necessary to croak. / The cuckoo repeated that there was a cuckoo somewhere;... Her ears were struck by the most pitiful meow.

Unusuality of onomatopoeic words. Onomatopoeia is unusual in that it has a direct resemblance to the sounds of the outside world. Some of them are characterized by a non-standard sound appearance. Another feature of onomatopoeia is that they often have phonetic variants. It’s interesting to live in the world if you know interjections!

Interjection and onomatopoeic words. 1) A special part of speech. But neither independent nor auxiliary. 2) Expresses feelings, mood, motivation. but does not name them. 3) They are not members of the proposal. but Can be used in the meaning of other parts: A ringing au was heard in the forest. 4) Derivatives (from independent parts of speech): Guard! Non-derivatives: ah, oh, well, hey, etc. Do not change. Interjection is a part of oral speech. Interjections and onomatopoeia, formed by repetition, are written with a hyphen: bye-bye, woof-woof.

Slide 1

Interjections as part of speech
Presentation on Russian language for grades 7-11

Slide 2

What is an interjection?
An interjection is an unchangeable part of speech that is neither an independent nor an auxiliary part of speech. She expresses various feelings, impulses, but does not name them: oh, ah, oh, ba, god. Interjections do not name the subject, i.e. they have no nominative function.

Slide 3

Non-derivative interjections do not correlate with words of other parts of speech and usually consist of one, two or three sounds: a, o, e, ah, ooh, ekh, wow, alas. This group also includes complex interjections such as ay-ay-ay, oh-oh-oh.
Derived interjections are formed from words of other parts of speech: a) verbs (hello, goodbye, think about it); b) nouns (priests, guard, Lord); c) adverbs (enough, completely); d) pronouns (same thing). Derived interjections include words of foreign origin (hello, bravo, bis, kaput).

Slide 4

Types of interjections by origin
Primary interjections are not formed from other parts of speech: ah, oh, wow, hey.
Secondary interjections formed from other parts of speech: from nouns (Nonsense! Trouble! Lid! Right!), from verbs (Hello! Goodbye!), from adverbs and pronouns (That’s the same! Completely!).

Slide 5

Primitive interjections that have no connection in the modern language with any of the significant parts of speech: a, aha, ay, ay, ah, ba, brr, scat, gay, she-ey, them, on, but, well, oh, wow , oh, oh, whoa, whoa, ugh, alas, uh-lu-lyu, ugh, uh, fi, fu, ha, hee, ho, tsits, hey, ehm, eh, um, hmm.
Non-primitive interjections are a group of words correlated with words or forms of one or another significant part of speech (father, mother, Lord, devil). A large number of these interjections are associated with the verb: quit, will, excuse (those), pli (from the fire), please, have mercy, tovs (from get ready), that's enough. There are rare non-primitive interjections associated with pronominal words, adverbs, particles or conjunctions: won, that, ek, eka; out, away, away; already, however; tsh, tsh, tss, sh-sh-sh (from quieter). It is also customary to include here indivisible or weakly articulated combinations of a primitive interjection with a particle or pronoun: yes, on you (nate), well, well, yes, oh, as well as compounds well and well, she-she-she.

Slide 6

Types of interjections by structure
Simple ones consist of one word (ouch, oh, alas)
Complex ones are formed by combining two or three interjections (ay-ay-ay, oh-oh-oh, father-lights)
Compounds consist of two or more words (alas and ah; same thing; here you go; here you go again)

Slide 7

1. Emotional The boundary between purely emotional interjections and emotionally evaluative ones is not always clear enough
Interjections of emotional state (situational) ah, oh, wow, ah, fie, fathers, Lord, fi, damn, bravo, hurray, brr, ba, oh, uh, eh, oo-oo-oo, oh-oh-oh, chu, God, my God, thank God, hurray, alas, Oh!, oh-oh-oh, Ah!, a-ah-ah, wow (wow!), oops, yes, fu, uh-huh, um, hmm, WELL!
Interjections of emotional assessment, (emotional-evaluative) wow (wow), class, Oh, as much as possible, mmm, Oh, how tired I am, Ay, save me! Ay-ay-ay, Phew, finally, Oh, that's another matter, There is! Hooray! Yeah, that's how it is! Hey, he’s not so simple, Ah, so that’s right?

Slide 8

2. Incentive (imperative, imperative) encore, down, march, come on, shh, away, complete, out, stop, scat, chick, shh, ch-ch-ch, kitty-kitty, chick-chick, but, Whoa, guard, hello, Apchhi! Bo-o! Ooh! Bang Bang! Ooty-way! One or two! Hello-hop! Quiet! Om-Nom-nom! Hrrrr! Bye-bye! WELL!
Types (categories) of interjections by semantics (meaning)

Slide 9

3. Verbal (onomatopoeic) bam, knock, bang, cheburakh, clap, bang, zhik, stunned!, jumped!, got it!, steamed!
Types (categories) of interjections by semantics (meaning)
4. Etiquette thank you, merci, hello, hello, bye, please, goodbye, good night, happy holidays, good health, all the best, see you, good morning, goodbye, forgive me, excuse me , hello, great

Slide 10

5. Abusive devils, damn it, damn it, damn it, God, pray tell, my fathers, the devil knows what, what a miracle, damn it, pray tell, here’s another! was not! here you go! here's one for you!
Types (categories) of interjections by semantics (meaning)

Slide 11

Ways to form interjections
stable phraseological combinations and individual phraseological units Here's another! Was not! Here you go! Here's your time! Damn it! My God! Fathers of light! It's tobacco! That's the story! Damn it!
transition to another part of speech Trouble! Trouble!; Cholera! Dog! Dog! Blue-winged dove! Ooty-way! Amazing! I jumped! Got it! I'm tired of it!
borrowing (copying (usually incomplete and inaccurate) a word or expression from one language to another) Wow (wow!), oops, yes! (from English), Kaput! (from German), aida (from Tatar), guard (from Turkish), allo (from French), bravo, bis (from Latin)
euphemization paragraph, kopets, koptsy, kranty

Slide 12

Interjections can act as independent exclamatory statements. They are syntactically independent, i.e. are not related to other members of the sentence. Interjections are possible as part of a sentence, for example: Ay echoed through the forest! (interjection as subject). Suddenly I heard ah! (interjection as an object). He's fucking me over the head! (interjection in the role of a predicate, the role of the interjection approaches the verb). The mousetrap slammed shut (interjection as a predicate, the role approaches the verb).
Syntactic role of interjections in a sentence

Slide 13

Slide 15

A significant area for using interjections are chats, Internet forums, and telephone SMS. According to observations, these interjections are widely used in the speech of young people and schoolchildren.
Interjections of youth vocabulary penetrate into literary works, on TV screens, and feature films as the realities of today. Just watch “Our Russia”, “Give it, youth!” or read the novels of D. Dontsova. (For example: “Well, finally!” Erin widened his eyes. “Listen, baby... Go home, get some sleep.” “Rita’s rapid speech was interrupted by the ringing of her mobile phone... the girl grabbed the phone. “Oh, well?” she exclaimed. “ What is he doing? Bay! Come on, come!”).

Slide 16

Interjection is a characteristic feature of the conversational style, its vocal element. The role of interjections in oral speech is great: they give the statement a national flavor, naturalness and emotionality. The modern interjection succinctly, briefly and consciously expresses a person’s attitude towards everything that he may encounter. The interjection, as a word that serves to express emotions, convey the feelings and motives of the speaker, carries important information that must be conveyed in order to preserve the true message of the author. Interjections serve the purpose of saving linguistic resources. For example, I did not expect to see or meet my friend in some place. Surprise at this can be expressed in sentences: And you are here?, How did you get here? You didn't intend to come here. Who do I see?!, or maybe with one interjection: Bah! You can call for silence and calm down with sentences: Quiet, please, don’t hear anything, or you can use one interjection: Shh!

Slide 17

Interjective sentences
Interjections are sentences consisting of interjections pronounced in an appropriate exclamatory or motivating tone.
Interjection sentences express the feelings or motivations of the speakers, for example: 1) Ugh! Mistaken (Gr.) - an expression of annoyance. 2) Bah! All familiar faces (Gr.) - expression of surprise. 3) Uh! How fresh and good! (G.) - expression of admiration. 4) On! - the urge to take. 5) Out! - a sharp order to leave, etc. Often an interjection sentence is formed by a phraseological phrase of an interjection nature, for example: Here you go! (expression of disappointment). Was not! (readiness to do something with some uncertainty of success), etc. Like all phraseological phrases, these interjection phrases do not break down into parts, and sentences, therefore, are indivisible.

Slide 18

Attention!
Those in which the interjection is used in the role of another part of speech and is any member of it cannot be considered interjection sentences, for example: Far away came hurray (P.) - the interjection hurray is used as a noun and is the subject. Bell ding-ding-ding (P.) - the interjection ding-ding-ding is used as a verb and is a predicate. Oh honey! It hits both the head and the feet (P.) - the interjection ay yes is used in the meaning of a qualitative adjective (“good, excellent”) and is a predicate in the sentence.

Slide 19

Punctuation marks for interjection sentences.
Interjective sentences are separated by a question mark, an exclamation mark, a period oh, many dots or commas. EXAMPLES. 1) Ahh..! - Crutch was surprised, listening to Lipa. - A-ah!.. Well? (Ch.) 2) Shh... Well, why are you shouting? (Crimea.) 3) Well, I settled everything. (Gonch.) 4) These people sing terribly... ugh! Like jackals. (Ch.) 5) Guard! Take, you damned one, both the horse and the cart. just don’t destroy my soul! Guard! (Ch.) 6) I, by all means, am not to blame, neither in soul nor in body. (M.G.) 7. I, alas! didn't understand him.

Resources used
Background https://imgfotki.yandex.ru/get/6734/134091466.19a/0_ffe4d_295db0bf_orig Board https://imgfotki.yandex.ru/get/4801/134091466.1b6/0_106a1d_73041ae6_orig Boy https://imgfotki.yandex .ru/get /6511/134091466.0 /0_8dcaa_d81cfe24_orig Girl https://img-fotki.yandex.ru/get/6513/ 134091466.0/0_8dca9_3276050b_orig