Mtsyri analysis of the work. The poem "Mtsyri" by Lermontov: analysis of the work, images and characteristics of the characters. The history of the creation of the poem

“... What a fiery soul, what a mighty spirit, what a gigantic nature this Mtsyri has! This is the favorite ideal of our poet, this is the reflection in poetry of the shadow of his own personality. In everything that Mtsyri says, it breathes with his own spirit, strikes him with his own power ... ”- this is how the well-known Russian critic Belinsky spoke about the poem“ Mtsyri ”. This work of Lermontov is considered one of the most successful in his work, and is loved by more than one generation of readers. To better understand this work, let's analyze Lermontov's Mtsyra.

History of creation

The history of the creation of the poem in itself can be a plot for a romantic work, because Lermontov met his hero in the Caucasus. Traveling in 1837 along the Georgian Military Highway, the poet met an old monk there. He told his life story: captivity, youth in a monastery and frequent attempts to escape. During one of these attempts, the young man got lost in the mountains and almost died, after which he decided to stay in the monastery and take tonsure. Lermontov listened to this story spellbound. After all, at the age of 17 he dreamed of writing a poem about a young monk, and now his hero is standing in front of him!

The work "Mtsyri" was written in 1839, and the next year it was printed. This poem became Lermontov's favorite. He willingly and enthusiastically read it aloud. Friends recalled how he read it for the first time, "with a flaming face and with fiery eyes, which were especially expressive with him."

Initially, the poem was called "Beri", in Georgian "monk". Then Lermontov changed this name to "Mtsyri", thereby introducing additional meaning, because "mtsyri" is translated both as "novice" and as "outsider".

Theme and idea of the work

The theme "Mtsyri" can be defined as a story about the escape from the monastery of a young novice. The work examines in detail the hero's rebellion against everyday life in the monastery and the death that followed it, and also reveals a number of other topics and problems. These are the problems of freedom and the struggle for freedom, misunderstanding by others, love for the motherland and family.

The pathos of the poem is romantic, a poetic call to struggle sounds here, a feat is idealized.

The idea of the poem is ambiguous. At first, critics spoke of "Mtsyri" as a revolutionary poem. Her idea in this case was to always, even in conditions of imminent defeat, remain faithful to the ideal of freedom, not to lose heart. Mtsyri becomes a kind of ideal for revolutionaries: a proud, independent young man who gave his life for his dream of freedom. In addition, Mtsyri is eager not only to be free, he wants to return to his people and, quite possibly, fight along with them. “There is only one motherland” - this, later crossed out, epigraph to the manuscript “Mtsyri” fully reflects the author’s attitude to the problem of love for the motherland and the struggle for its freedom raised in the poem.

Lermontov himself repeatedly spoke of the work "Mtsyri" as a work in which his ideas of freedom were most fully embodied. "Mtsyri" becomes his final work, having absorbed other works with similar ideas: "Boyarin Orsha", "Confession". Their heroes also strive from the monastery to freedom, but fail. Without finishing these poems, Lermontov uses lines from them in Mtsyri.

However, in modern criticism, when analyzing the poem "Mtsyri" by Lermontov, there is a rethinking of its idea. It is now viewed in a broader, philosophical sense. At the same time, the monastery serves as an image of the world as a prison of the human spirit, from which it is not so easy to get out. And having run away, Mtsyri does not find happiness: he has nowhere to return, and the world of nature has long become alien to him. The monastic world, symbolizing the world of secular society, poisoned him. “To find out, for freedom or prison / We were born into this world,” that is what is important for Lermontov, who is thinking about the fate of his generation. And it is in Mtsyri that the answer to the reproach of Borodino is heard. Yes, the current generation is not heroes, not heroes, but he, like Mtsyri, was poisoned by prison. Love for nature, for a girl, the desire for battle and daring fun (an episode with a leopard) - all this is not alien to the main character. If he had grown up in other conditions, he would have been an outstanding person: “I could be in the land of my fathers / Not one of the last daring ones.” On the one hand, the idea of the complexity of the struggle for freedom sounds in the work, and on the other hand, love for life and will is affirmed as the highest human values.

Genre of the work, composition and nature of the conflict

The work "Mtsyri" belongs to Lermontov's favorite genre - a poem. Unlike lyrics, the poem acts as a lyrical-epic genre, thanks to which it is possible to characterize the hero through his actions, to create his image in more detail. The lyricism of the work is manifested in its plot: the image of Mtsyri's inner experiences is brought to the fore. The nature of the conflict is romantic, it consists in the internal contradiction of Mtsyri's desire for freedom and his life spent in captivity. It is easy to understand that the way of thinking of the hero is close to the author. Accordingly, the type of narration in "Mtsyri" is subjective-lyrical, and the work can be confidently called a romantic poem. The poem also has features characteristic only of it: most of it is written in the form of a confession. The poem consists of 26 chapters and has a circular composition: the action begins and ends in the monastery. The climax can be called a duel with a leopard - it is at this moment that the rebellious character of Mtsyri is fully revealed.

The work contains a very small number of characters. This is Mtsyri himself and his tutor-monk, who listened to the confession.

Artistic media

The description of the poem "Mtsyri" will be incomplete without considering the artistic means used in it. "Mtsyri" Lermontov is one of the most figurative works and, accordingly, the amount of means of artistic expression used is very large. These are, first of all, epithets (gloomy walls, sweet names, reckless youth, lush fields, dark rocks). Also in the poem there are a huge number of comparisons (people are free, like eagles; she, like a worm, lived in me; embracing like two sisters; I myself, like a beast, was a stranger to people / and crawled and hid like a snake), metaphors (battle boiled, their death will heal forever), personifications (sleepy flowers died). All paths serve the same task: they help create a poetic picture of the world around Mtsyri and emphasize the depth of his experiences, their strength.

The poetic organization of the poem also deserves attention. It is written in 4-foot pit with an exclusively masculine paired rhyme (aabb). Because of this, the verse sounds especially clear and courageous, according to critics - like sword blows. Anaphora is often used, rhetorical questions and exclamations are no less frequent. It is they who give the poem a memorable passion, help portray Mtsyri as an active, passionate, cheerful hero.

Conclusion

Having given a detailed description of the poem "Mtsyri", we can confidently call this work one of the most significant creations of Lermontov, in which his talent is vividly displayed. "Mtsyri" served as an inspiration for many paintings, as well as for composers. "Mtsyri" is a beautiful, timeless hymn to the human spirit and freedom.

Artwork test

History of creation

Theme and idea of the work

The pathos of the poem is romantic, a poetic call to struggle sounds here, a feat is idealized.

Genre of the work, composition and nature of the conflict

The work contains a very small number of characters. This is Mtsyri himself and his tutor-monk, who listened to the confession.

Artistic media

Conclusion

Artwork test

V. G. Belinsky: “Nowhere is Pushkin's revelry at the feast of life; but everywhere questions that darken the soul, chill the heart ... Yes, it is obvious that Lermontov is a poet of a completely different era and that his poetry is a completely new link in the chain of the historical development of our society ... Throwing a general look at Lermontov's poems, we see in they are all the forces, all the elements that make up life and poetry. In this deep nature, in this powerful spirit, everything lives; everything is accessible to them, everything is clear; they respond to everything."

Lermontov in his work creates a unique philosophical concept of loneliness. The loneliness of the lyrical hero is not imposed on him by the world, but is chosen by him voluntarily as the only possible state of mind. Neither the home nor the fatherland are the necessary elements of his existence. From here begins precisely Lermontov's interpretation of the theme of loneliness - exile - wandering. In Lermontov's work, the themes of loneliness and freedom are combined.

Lermontov's poems about nature are characterized mainly by the correspondence of a person's spiritual life ("relatives with a soul") or, conversely, they represent a contrast to the hero's state of mind, the background of his experiences - often of a social nature. Hence the two-part structure of landscape poems, the second part of which is a comparison and begins with the word "so." If a direct comparison is omitted, but an allegory or a figurative symbol is preserved, then the poet turns in this case to the activity of the reader's perception.

“A song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, a young guardsman and a daring merchant Kalashnikov” Lermontov set the task of penetrating into the historical character of the era. The poem has two main lines. One of them is connected with the theme of the king and the royal environment, with the theme of the guardsman Kiribeevich. The second, democratic, theme is connected with the merchant Kalashnikov. Lermontov recreated the color of the era on the basis of song images. But not only the form is popular here, the moral position itself is popular. According to Lermontov, the Russian person is characterized by the presence of "clear common sense, which forgives evil wherever it sees its necessity or impossibility of destruction." It is from these positions that the folk singer glorifies the complex figure of Tsar Ivan the Terrible in the poem.

The completion of the tradition of the Russian romantic poem was Lermontov's poem "Mtsyri". Mtsyri is a natural person who is akin to nature, especially in its violent manifestations. Locked up, he grew up not adapted to life and will, which is his tragic misfortune, and not his fault. Returned to the monastery, Mtsyri speaks of the happiness of "three blessed days." But this is his deathbed perception. In fact, only the beginning of the day was blissful after the first stormy night, when Mtsyri got into the "God's garden" and saw a Georgian woman by the stream. Even at the beginning of the confession, Mtsyri says that he would exchange two lives "in captivity" "for one, but only full of worries." The monastery is perceived by the hero as a prison. The monastery is opposed to free nature, which literally fills the entire poem. She is pristine, majestic and beautiful. The denouement of the poem is only implied. Mtsyri asks before his death to transfer him to the garden; there, in the midst of nature, in view of the Caucasus, he is counting on some kind of “farewell greetings” from his homeland, which he never reached. Mtsyri dies like a leopard, having worthily lost in the struggle, in the face of the “triumphant enemy” - fate, and here he is a person.

In the 30s of the last century, in Russian literature, there was a desire for a truthful study of the inner world of the human soul, for a psychological image of a person. A Hero of Our Time is the first major socio-psychological novel in Russian literature. The task that the author set himself: to tell about what requires psychological and artistic penetration into the depths of human consciousness.

The main problem of the novel "A Hero of Our Time" was identified by M.Yu. Lermontov in the preface: he draws "modern man, as he understands him", his hero is not a portrait of one person, but "a portrait made up of the vices of our entire generation."

Pechorin, like an evil spirit, brings suffering to everyone who meets on his way: Bela and her relatives, the family of "honest smugglers", Mary, Grushnitsky. At the same time, he is the strictest judge of himself. He calls himself a “moral cripple”, more than once compares himself to an executioner (“I involuntarily play the pitiful role of an executioner”, “I played the role of an ax in the hands of fate”). No one understands better than Pechorin how empty and meaningless his life is. Remembering the past before the duel, he cannot answer the question: “Why did I live? For what purpose was I born?

The charm of Pechorin's personality is in his sharp mind, strength and firmness of character, in his unwillingness to come to terms with circumstances, in a proud challenge thrown by fate: “I like to doubt everything ... I always go forward more boldly when I don’t know what awaits me” . Even in miserable Grushnitsky he hopes to see the awakening of nobility and conscience.

Disappointment and a heavy load of skepticism are the hallmark of the times. Herzen wrote: "You

forced to be silent, holding back tears, we have learned, withdrawing into ourselves, to bear our

thoughts - and what thoughts! .. These were doubts, denials, thoughts full of rage.

Surrounded by people who love him, Pechorin experiences loneliness and seems to us not just a hero of his time, but a tragic hero: “I brought out only a few ideas from the storm of life - and not a single feeling.” It is more interesting to know what is the second person in Pechorin, thinking and condemning, first of all, himself. In Pechorin's Journal, the character of the hero is revealed, as it were, "from the inside", it reveals the motives for his strange actions, his attitude towards himself, his self-esteem.

This is a novel, but at the same time a cycle of stories with a common protagonist, and sometimes a narrator. The novel has a number of compositional features: in the course of the story, the narrator changes several times; the chronological sequence of events is broken. The story begins with later events in the life of Pechorin, as he was during the meeting with the narrator. After that, we learn about the death of Pechorin. From that moment on, the voice is given to Pechorin himself. Throughout the story, the feeling of the “mystery of the soul” dominates, sometimes it seems that we are close to the “solution”, but this expectation deceives us.

Concluding his novel with the story "The Fatalist", Lermontov compares Pechorin with Vulich. Like Pechorin, the hero of the final part of the novel is an exceptionally strong, strong-willed nature. Vulich, like Pechorin, is ready to take risks, both heroes tend to reflect on the will of man and predestination (rock, fate). But when Pechorin decided to try his luck, when he captured the criminal murderer, he is ready to come to the conclusion that the will of man, his reason and courage won. The doubting Pechorin does not formulate this conclusion. But this conclusion follows from the logic of the story. Freedom from fatalism allows a person, in particular Pechorin, to constantly act, show risk and his will. This is the enlightened ending of the novel. Man is the only creator of his own destiny. The novel ends with a life-affirming call to the will to act, the decisiveness of the human character.

We carry out tasks of the exam format

At the gates of the monastery, the saint stood, begging for alms. He only asked for a piece of bread, And his eyes showed living torment, And someone placed a stone In his outstretched hand. So I prayed for your love With bitter tears, with anguish; So my best feelings Are deceived forever by you.

What means of artistic expression does Lermontov use: "the poor man is withered, a little alive"?

What is the name of the variety of vocabulary used in the poem: "gates, smooth"?

Determine the nature of the rhyme in the poem.

In the poem, the poet compares the image of a beggar and a rejected lover. What is the name of this approach?

In the second and third stanzas, find two synonymous verbs that help convey the main idea of the poem.

What is the meaning of the title of the poem?

What is the originality of the lyrical hero Lermontov and which of the Russian poets can be called his creative successor?

Our conversation began with slander: I began to sort out our acquaintances present and absent, first showing their funny, and then their bad sides. My bile was agitated. I started out jokingly and ended up being really angry. At first it amused her, then it frightened her.

You are a dangerous person! she said to me, “I would rather be caught under the knife of a murderer in the forest than on your tongue ... I ask you not jokingly: when you take it into your head to speak ill of me, it’s better to take a knife and slaughter me, - I think it’s it won't be very difficult for you.

Do I look like a killer?

You are worse...

I thought for a moment and then said, assuming a deeply moved look:

Yes, this has been my fate since childhood. Everyone read the signs on my face

bad feelings that were not there; but they were supposed - and they were born. I was humble

I was accused of deceit: I became secretive. I deeply felt good and evil; nobody me

did not caress, everyone insulted: I became vindictive; I was gloomy - other children are cheerful and talkative; I felt myself superior to them - I was placed below. I became envious. I was ready to love the whole world - no one understood me: and I learned to hate. My colorless youth flowed in the struggle with myself and the light; my best feelings, fearing ridicule, I buried in the depths of my heart: they died there. I spoke the truth - they did not believe me: I began to deceive; knowing well the light and springs of society, I became skilled in the science of life and saw how others without art were happy, enjoying the gift of those benefits that I so tirelessly sought. And then despair was born in my chest - not the despair that is treated with a barrel

pistol, but cold, powerless despair, veiled by courtesy and a good-natured smile.

I became a moral cripple: one half of my soul did not exist, it

dried up, evaporated, died, I cut it off and threw it away, while the other moved and lived on

the services of everyone, and no one noticed this, because no one knew about the existence of her dead half; but now you have awakened in me the memory of her, and I have read her epitaph to you. To many, all epitaphs in general seem ridiculous, but not to me, especially when I remember what lies beneath them. However, I do not ask you to share my opinion: if my trick seems ridiculous to you, please laugh: I warn you that this will not upset me in the least. At that moment I met her eyes: tears ran in them; her hand, leaning on mine, trembled; cheeks glowed; she felt sorry for me! Compassion - a feeling that all women submit so easily, let its claws into her inexperienced heart. During the whole walk she was absent-minded, did not flirt with anyone - and this is a great sign!

M.Yu. Lermontov, "A Hero of Our Time"

What type of literature does "A Hero of Our Time" belong to?

Indicate the title of the chapter of the "Hero of Our Time" from which the above fragment is taken.

On whose behalf is the story being told in this passage?

What is the name of the technique based on a sharp opposition (“good - evil”, “caressed - insulted”, “gloomy - cheerful”, etc.) used by the author in Pechorin's monologue?

Indicate the line number (lines 1 to 11), the content of which indicates the lack of sincerity in Pechorin's confession. Write your answer in numbers.

What is the name in literary criticism for a kind of comic based on hidden, veiled mockery, characteristic of the hero's introspection in this fragment?

What is the name in literary criticism of the means of allegorical expressiveness used by the author to convey the feelings of the heroine (the line "Compassion - a feeling that all women submit so easily, let its claws into her inexperienced heart")?

How does Lermontov define his main artistic task in the novel A Hero of Our Time?

What are the main ways of depicting the character of the hero in the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov "A Hero of Our Time" and which of the Russian writers of the 19th century continued this tradition?

M.Yu. Lermontov, "Mtsyri"

The grave does not scare me:

There, they say, suffering sleeps

In cold eternal silence;

But I'm sorry to part with my life.

I'm young, young... Did you know

Rampant youth dreams?

Or didn't know or forgot

How I hated and loved;

How the heart beat faster

At the sight of the sun and fields

From the high corner tower,

Where the air is fresh and where sometimes

In a deep hole in the wall

Child of an unknown country

What figurative means and for what purpose is used by Lermontov: “she, like a worm, lived in me”, “people are free, like eagles”, “in snows burning like a diamond”?

What pictorial means and for what purpose is used by Lermontov: “it (passion) gnawed out the soul and burned it”, “their stone hugs (mountains)”?

What is the name of the technique that the poet uses in the 4th stanza: "fatherland" - "foreign land"?

Indicate the name of the figurative means that Lermontov uses in the 6th stanza: “lush fields”, “fresh crowd”, “in the blue sky”, “secret lodging”, “white caravan”.

Specify the name of the type of rhyme that Lermontov uses in the poem.

How does the further content of the poem confirm the words of Mtsyri: “I grew up ... with the soul of a child”?

What theme, characteristic of Lermontov's work, is associated with the image of the monastery depicted in the poem?

M.Yu. Lermontov, "A song about Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich, a young guardsman and a daring merchant Kalashnikov"

How did they get together

Removed Moscow fighters

To the Moscow River, to a fistfight,

Take a walk for the holiday, have fun

And the king came with his retinue,

With boyars and guardsmen,

And ordered to stretch the silver chain,

Soldered with pure gold in rings.

They cordoned off a place of twenty-five sazhens,

For hunting combat, single.

And then Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich ordered

And the daring Kiribeevich comes out,

The king bows silently from the waist,

Throws off a velvet coat from mighty shoulders,

Leaning to the side with your right hand,

Adjusts another scarlet hat,

He is waiting for his opponent...

Three times a loud cry was called -

Not a single fighter moved,

They just stand and push each other.

And Kiribeevich said to him:

“Tell me, good fellow,

What tribe are you?

What name are you called?

To know for whom to serve a memorial service,

Something to brag about."

Stepan Paramonovich answers:

“And my name is Stepan Kalashnikov,

And I was born from an honest father,

And I lived according to the law of the Lord:

I did not dishonor someone else's wife,

Did not rob at dark night,

Not hidden from the light of heaven ...

Gathered with all my might

And hit your hater

Directly to the left temple from the entire shoulder.

And the young oprichnik groaned lightly,

Rocked, dropped dead;

On the cold snow, like a pine,

Like a pine in a damp forest

Hemmed under the resinous root,

And, seeing that, Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich

Angry with anger, stomped on the ground

And he frowned his black brows;

He commanded to seize the daring merchant

And bring him before your face.

What is the name of the figurative means used by Lermontov in the poem in oral folk art: “eyes of a falcon”, “mighty shoulders”, “good fellow”?

What is the name of the pictorial tool used by Lermontov in the poem: “the dawn ... scattered golden curls”?

What is the name of the visual means: “like dew dripped blood from under it”, “turned pale like an autumn leaf”, “fell down like a pine tree”?

He fell on the cold snow

On the cold snow, like a pine, Like a pine in a damp forest...

What is the name of the technique of the rhythmic organization of a folk song, reproduced by Lermontov?

What is the name of the artistic technique that conveys the hero's speech "to himself":

And Stepan Paramonovich thought: “What is destined to be, will come true; I will stand for the truth until the last day!”?

To whom and in what sequence does Kalashnikov bow before the battle? How does this characterize the hero?

What other works of Lermontov depict the duel of heroes? Who is the winner in them?

Why do the events that reveal Pechorin's "story of the soul" take place not in St. Petersburg, but in the Caucasus?

Why, in violation of the chronology, the events that begin and end the novel by M.Yu. Lermontov's "Hero of Our Time", take place in the fortress?

If there is an answer to a question at the end of your workbook, check your result against it. If you made a mistake, think about what caused the mistake, formulate your conclusions.

Let's stop at the most difficult

Among the criteria for evaluating your detailed answer (limited volume or essay) there is a criterion - "the appropriate use of theoretical and literary concepts." If you really talk about the text of a work, analyze its content, composition, system of images, figurative and expressive means, you cannot do without literary terms. They will appear in your work involuntarily, as if “by themselves”. If this happened, then you really analyzed the text of the work. But if you reasoned not as a professional reader, but as a master of everyday collisions and judge problems "in general", theoretical and literary concepts in your text, of course, will be absent. But it should be specially noted: do not artificially include terms in your answer. The reviewer will easily spot this and judge your use of terms as inappropriate.

Filchenkova Natalya

The student used additional material to write the essay. The essay contains many quotations from the text, and its own conclusions are made according to the points of the plan. The image of Mtsyra is fully disclosed.

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Composition

What is the meaning of Mtsyri's life?

(based on the poem by M.Yu. Lermontov "Mtsyri")

Plan

I. What is the meaning of the poem "Mtsyri"?

II. What is the meaning of Mtsyri's life?

1). Mtsyri's life in the monastery.

A). What views does the monk Mtsyri reject?

B). What was Mtsyri striving for?

IN). Why did he call the monastery a prison?

2). Mtsyri's life in the wild.

A) Communication with nature.

B) Mtsyri's memories of his father's house.

IN). What does it mean to live for Mtsyra?

G). Meeting with a beautiful Georgian woman.

D). Fight for life.

E). What is the tragedy of Mtsyri?

AND). Did Mtsyri repent before his death in his

Aspirations and actions?

III. Conclusion.

1). V. G. Belinsky about Mtsyri.

2). My attitude to Mtsyri.

M.Yu Lermontov's poem "Mtsyri" is directed against religious morality and monastic bondage. The meaning of the poem is to glorify the will, courage, struggle, selflessness, in a word, all those qualities that are inherent in the hero.

The protagonist of the poem is a young man who lived his childhood in captivity. His name is Mtsyri. At confession, he argues with the monk and says to him:

Let the beautiful light now

I hate you: you are weak, you are gray,

And from desires you weaned.

What is the need? You lived, old man!

From these lines we see how great Mtsyri's love for life is. But it follows:

I lived little, and lived in captivity.

Such two lives in one

But only full of anxiety

I would change if I could.

We can conclude: all Mtsyri's aspirations were directed towards one bright dream - to freedom, to that beautiful dream for which he gave his life. He asks the old man:

... you saved me from death -

For what? Gloomy and lonely

A torn leaf by a thunderstorm,

I grew up in dark walls

Soul - a child, fate - a monk.

Mtsyri assures the old monk that no force can subdue the will and feelings of the freedom-loving highlander. There is no way to force him to renounce the world that attracts him to itself with its wonderful mysteries of nature. The life of a slave for a little Caucasian is like a prison. He could not come to terms with the cruel captivity, separation from his homeland, and therefore he was led by passion for his native land, but he never thought of revenge on the people who separated him from his native Georgia. Dreaming of his homeland, he was alone among people, and this is the worst thing for a person, especially for a child.

And so, when Mtsyri runs away from the monastery and is left alone with nature, it seems to him that he understands the voices of birds, guesses the thoughts of dark rocks, hears a dispute between a pile of stones and a mountain stream, in a word, understands nature, its feelings. Not finding like-minded people among people, he communicates with nature. And he thinks she understands him. Describing nature, the poet wants the reader to imagine the picturesque pictures of the Caucasus.

God's garden blossomed all around me;

Rainbow plants

Kept traces of heavenly tears,

And curls of vines

Curled, showing off between the trees

Transparent greenery sheets.

Observing the beautiful landscapes, Mtsyri heard an unknown voice that told him that his home was located in these parts. And gradually the pictures of childhood passed before him more and more clearly. He represented either his father in military clothes, or young sisters bending over his cradle, or living pictures of his native village. And the more he imagined all this, the stronger his desire to return home grew.

To live for Mtsyri means to be free and independent. He admits that his life without these three days would be darker than the impotent old age of a monk.

Tell me what's between these walls

Could you give me in return

That friendship is short, but alive,

Between a stormy heart and a thunderstorm?

Mtsyri is happy because he could know happy moments of connection with nature. Mtsyri is fascinated by the beauty of the beautiful Georgian woman. From all these unknown feelings, he loses consciousness. Waking up, the young man sees how the girl moves away from the stream, and compares her to a slender poplar. And even more he wanted to go to that unknown country.

In the fight against the leopard, Mtsyri shows courage and dedication. After all, he fought not only for his life, but also for his freedom, that is, for his dream. He discovers in himself such qualities as resourcefulness, ingenuity, the extraordinary strength of a highlander, which he inherited. He is sure that, if not for the hand of fate, he "could be in the land of his fathers not from the last daring ones."

Having defeated the leopard, forgetting about the pain, he goes towards his dream. But ... again a shock. The young man realizes that he has lost direction and returned to the monastery. Is it really for this that he fought the leopard, for this he wandered through the thorny thickets? Is it possible that after his dream was almost fulfilled, he should return to the monastery? When he heard the ringing of bells, it seemed to him that this ringing was coming out of his chest, as if someone were hitting him with iron in the heart. And then the hero realized the terrible truth: he would never return to his homeland. What could be worse than this thought for Mtsyra?

The young man compares himself to a prison flower, which was transplanted into the neighborhood of roses, where he died from daylight. But even before his death, Mtsyri asks to be buried in the garden at the place where the Caucasus is visible. We see that the young highlander did not repent of his dreams and aspirations and was true to his dream. Having gone through such a difficult and overwhelming path, Mtsyri does not want to change his views. This is the tragedy of a freedom-loving young man: having lived a real life for three days in freedom, he again ends up in a monastery and ... dies, because he cannot live in captivity after he has taken a breath of the air of freedom.

V. G. Belinsky, reviewing the poem “Mtsyri”, spoke about her hero like this: “What a fiery soul, what a mighty spirit, what a gigantic nature this Mtsyri has! In everything that Mtsyri says, it breathes with his own spirit, strikes him with his own power ... "

Mtsyri attracted me with his courage, courage, perseverance. In the most difficult moments of his life, he does not submit to fate and goes towards his dream.

In the article we will talk about the analysis of "Mtsyri". This is a work that is studied at school. It is very useful for children, as it allows you to look at many things from a different perspective. In the article we will analyze the history and try to draw conclusions.

History of creation

Before talking about the analysis of "Mtsyri", let's talk about the history of creation. The idea of the author appeared in 1831. Then the 17-year-old Lermontov thought a lot about the fate of his acquaintance, a monk who languished in the monastery. Also, the young creator was influenced by the impressions he received after visiting the Caucasus and getting acquainted with its folklore. By the way, for the first time he visited there in early childhood with his grandmother. Traveling along the roads of the Caucasus, Lermontov met an old man.

He lived in a monastery and told his story. The monk told how he was captivated as a child and had to live in a monastery. He repeatedly attempted to escape, as he was a highlander and wanted to return to his interesting life. However, these attempts ended in failure, and he returned to the walls of the monastery. Finally, he became very ill, grew old, but became painfully attached to one monk. Thus, he decided to lead a more relaxed lifestyle and come to terms with his fate. Lermontov heard this story and decided to remember it, only modify it a little.

Note that the date on the poem is 1839. This means that it was in this year that the author completed his work. It was published a year later. By the way, the draft version was called "Beri", which means "monk" in Georgian. But "mtsyri" means "novice." We also note that the analysis of the work “Mtsyri”, which will be presented below, conveys not only the surface outline of history, but also its deep meaning. The theme of such a struggle of a person with circumstances is Lermontov's favorite. He greatly appreciated this work and read it aloud more than once.

Creative method and genre

Note that the genre of the poem was a favorite for Lermontov. In total, he wrote about thirty poems, of which he published only three. These works of the author were of a complex nature, often representing the ideals of the heroes and the lyrical worldview. Thus, Lermontov painted a psychological portrait of a person not just remotely and from the outside, but in the thick of all events. By the way, let's not forget that in the 30s the main subject of the image was a person who is facing the world, and the resulting romantic conflicts. Considering all the characteristic features of the poem we are describing, you can see that it also has lyrical notes.

Peculiarities

An analysis of Lermontov's poem "Mtsyri" shows a real contradiction between harsh reality and ideals. For this, the author uses symbolic images and confessional narration.

Consider the image of the mtsyri himself. He has a whole character and romantic traits. Thanks to confession, we can understand his inner world and psychology. Note that the epigraph is the key to understanding this work. Lermontov cited a phrase from a biblical legend, where the son violated his father's prohibition not to eat until the evening.

Subject

An analysis of the poem "Mtsyri" by Lermontov shows that there is a lot of common sense and imagery here. Definitions and interpretations are very diverse, but they are all rational. Moreover, each of them expresses some part of Lermontov's intention.

We are considering the story of a man who dies from the thirst for life in a monastery that is contrary to him. By the way, in this work Lermontov expressed his attitude to the war in the Caucasus and the fate of many young people. Thus, we understand that the poem is not just figurative - it directly concerns the author's contemporaries. At the same time, he very harmoniously combines the image of the Motherland and Freedom into a single whole. The protagonist is ready to give up all blessings for the sake of his native land. The desire to leave the walls of the monastery and break free dooms the martyr to loneliness. He has to make a difficult choice, and he cannot reconcile the two principles in himself. All the topics that were touched upon in the work one way or another characterize M. Lermontov himself.

Idea

An analysis of the poem "Mtsyri" shows that it is full of rebellious pathos. In all speeches and monologues, one hears the voice of a person who feels his own fortitude and confidence. According to some critics, mtsyri is an ideal for M. Lermontov himself.

However, in the modern world, the philosophical meaning of the poem is much more clearly manifested, and not the rebellious pathos. Monastic society is far from the highlander, it is alien to him. That is why he wants to return to his cultural environment, which is close to him, but breaking ties with the monks is not so easy. A work of art consists of a man's struggle for his will. The hero is ready for anything in the struggle for freedom, his ideals and loyalty, even if defeat is coming.

The nature of the conflict

The analysis of the work "Mtsyri" by Lermontov is focused exclusively on the romantic aspect. The conflict between the protagonist and the monks is not just a story, it is a deep internal problem. That is why the author very often uses images of the wind, earth, birds, animals. In addition, invisible forces even appear that express fate itself. The author's contemporaries noted that his hero is seized by some unthinkable force, a passion that forces him to act against the orders accepted in society.

This is a very close and characteristic motif for M. Yu. Lermontov in his work, which consists in the struggle between the inner world and cruel reality. We observe how the highlander dreams of freedom, of flight, what plans he makes for the future. But the tragedy of the protagonist lies in the fact that he is torn between the strength of the spirit and the weakness of the body.

Plot and composition

And what else can be said about the analysis of Lermontov's "Mtsyra"? In short, it is based on a romantic story. However, the image of the monastery does not at all symbolize Lermontov's protest against faith. However, the author believed that walls, black clothes and meager food are not needed for true faith. To do this, it is enough to be a man and live by following your heart.

It should be noted that the poem consists of 26 chapters. In some of them, the protagonist is not only the actual hero, but also the narrator.

The psychology of the hero is revealed to the maximum in the form of a confession, which allows you to feel all his feelings. Before that, there is a small author's digression, which allows the reader to pay attention to the historical background of the events described. The plot begins with the scene of flight from the monastery during a thunderstorm. Then we watch the skirmish with the leopard, which is the climax. At the same time, the compositional construction is closed, since the action begins and ends in the monastery. Thus, the author focused on the fate of fate.

Artistic originality

Analysis of the poem "Mtsyri" allows us to reveal the image of a rebel hero who is not inclined to semitones and half measures. Such characters are very deep and complex, they require special psychological study. Despite this, the mountaineer's personality is whole and free, he is not in the grip of any fears or thoughts. But at the same time, for Lermontov, “Mtsyri” was rather a symbol in which he embodied his ideas about what a person and his path should be. We are watching a person who, at any opportunity, is ready to start a fight and defend his interests, even if in the end he gets only a breath of freedom.

An analysis of Lermontov's "Mtsyra" makes it possible to understand that in fact the author and the hero are very close, and the epigraph is the author's revelation. The poem delights, as it surprisingly combines the voices of the hero and the author, as well as the beautiful Caucasian nature. A correct understanding of history is helped by poetic images, the most important of which is a thunderstorm. It expresses not just a phenomenon of nature, but the real punishment of God.

An analysis of Lermontov's poem shows that the author gladly uses the means of artistic expression. His favorite technique is comparison. Thanks to him, he emphasizes the image of a highlander, comparing him with reeds or mountains. Also, thanks to the comparison, we can understand the dreaminess of the protagonist. This artistic technique allows you to feel how close he is to nature and how far from the world of people.

Meaning

The analysis of "Mtsyra" was carried out by us in order to understand the significance of this work. At the same time, it must be said that Lermontov is the largest representative of not only Russian, but also world romanticism. Almost all of his works are defined by romantic pathos. He continued the best traditions of the authors who preceded him. He revealed his poetic talent to the maximum in the poem "Mtsyri". Analysis of the work allowed us to see that the author himself has high ideals to which he aspires. We also note that this poem inspired many generations of creative people.

Summing up the article, I would like to say that the analysis of the poem is an interesting, fascinating process that makes you think about the eternal values and the value of the individual himself, regardless of the circumstances. Not every person is capable of such fortitude, and, probably, it is very difficult to acquire this ability, you need to be born like that. However, this is still an unfair statement, since sometimes life allows a person to free himself from the superfluous and show his will.